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Cecerska-Heryć E, Polikowska A, Serwin N, Michalczyk A, Stodolak P, Goszka M, Zoń M, Budkowska M, Tyburski E, Podwalski P, Waszczuk K, Rudkowski K, Kucharska-Mazur J, Mak M, Samochowiec A, Misiak B, Sagan L, Samochowiec J, Dołęgowska B. The importance of oxidative biomarkers in diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Res 2024; 270:44-56. [PMID: 38851167 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ), an incredibly complex disorder, remains multifaceted. Literature suggests the involvement of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathophysiology of SCZ. OBJECTIVES Determination of selected OS markers and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in patients with chronic SCZ and those in states predisposing to SCZ-first episode psychosis (FP) and ultra-high risk (UHR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Determination of OS markers and BDNF levels by spectrophotometric methods and ELISA in 150 individuals (116 patients diagnosed with SCZ or in a predisposed state, divided into four subgroups according to the type of disorder: deficit schizophrenia, non-deficit schizophrenia, FP, UHR). The control group included 34 healthy volunteers. RESULTS Lower activities of analyzed antioxidant enzymes and GSH and TAC concentrations were found in all individuals in the study group compared to controls (p < 0.001). BDNF concentration was also lower in all groups compared to controls except in the UHR subgroup (p = 0.01). Correlations were observed between BDNF, R-GSSG, GST, GPx activity, and disease duration (p < 0.02). A small effect of smoking on selected OS markers was also noted (rho<0.06, p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS OS may play an important role in the pathophysiology of SCZ before developing the complete clinical pattern of the disorder. The redox imbalance manifests itself with such severity in individuals with SCZ and in a state predisposing to the development of this psychiatric disease that natural antioxidant systems become insufficient to compensate against it completely. The discussed OS biomarkers may support the SCZ diagnosis and predict its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Polikowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Serwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Michalczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Stodolak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Goszka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Martyn Zoń
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Budkowska
- Department of Analytical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ernest Tyburski
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Podwalski
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rudkowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kucharska-Mazur
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Monika Mak
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Sagan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Yin Y, Liu J, Xu C, Zeng D, Zhu Y, Wu X, Fan Q, Zhao S, Wang J, Liu Y, Li Y, Lu W. Whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing reveals CeRNA regulatory network under long-term space composite stress in Rats. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2024; 41:136-145. [PMID: 38670640 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
To systematically evaluate the effect of simulated long-term spaceflight composite stress (LSCS) in hippocampus and gain more insights into the transcriptomic landscape and molecular mechanism, we performed whole-transcriptome sequencing based on the control group (Ctrl) and the simulated long-term spaceflight composite stress group (LSCS) from six hippocampus of rats. Subsequently, differential expression analysis was performed on the Ctrl and LSCS groups, followed by enrichment analysis and functional interaction prediction analysis to investigate gene-regulatory circuits in LSCS. In addition, competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed to gain insights into genetic interaction. The result showed that 276 differentially expressed messenger RNAs (DEmRNAs), 139 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs), 103 differentially expressed circular RNAs (DEcircRNAs), and 52 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were found in LSCS samples compared with the controls, which were then subjected to enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways to find potential functions. PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway may play fundamental roles in the pathogenesis of LSCS. A ceRNA network was constructed with the predicted 340 DE pairs, which revealed the interaction roles of 220 DEmiRNA-DEmRNA pairs, 76 DEmiRNA-DElncRNA pairs, and 44 DEmiRNA-DEcircRNA pairs. Further, Thrombospondins2 was found to be a key target among those ceRNAs. Overall, we conducted for the first time a full transcriptomic analysis of the response of hippocampus to the LSCS that involved a potential ceRNA network, thus providing a basis to study the underlying mechanism of the LSCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiShu Yin
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - JunLian Liu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, PR China; Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Chong Xu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - DeYong Zeng
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - YuanBing Zhu
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - XiaoRui Wu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - QuanChun Fan
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - JiaPing Wang
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - YongZhi Li
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, PR China.
| | - Weihong Lu
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, PR China.
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Song J, Zhao G, Li H, Yang Y, Yu Y, Hu Y, Li Y, Li J, Hu Y. Tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling-based quantitative proteomic analysis reveals the cellular protein characteristics of 16HBE cells infected with coxsackievirus A10 and the potential effect of HMGB1 on viral replication. Arch Virol 2023; 168:217. [PMID: 37524962 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) is recognized as one of the most important pathogens associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in young children under 5 years of age worldwide, and it can lead to fatal neurological complications. However, available commercial vaccines fail to protect against CV-A10. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study new protein targets of CV-A10 and develop novel vaccine-based therapeutic strategies. Advances in proteomics in recent years have enabled a comprehensive understanding of host pathogen interactions. Here, to study CV-A10-host interactions, a global quantitative proteomic analysis was conducted to investigate the molecular characteristics of host cell proteins and identify key host proteins involved in CV-A10 infection. Using tandem mass tagging (TMT)-based mass spectrometry, a total of 6615 host proteins were quantified, with 293 proteins being differentially regulated. To ensure the validity and reliability of the proteomics data, three randomly selected proteins were verified by Western blot analysis, and the results were consistent with the TMT results. Further functional analysis showed that the upregulated and downregulated proteins were associated with diverse biological activities and signaling pathways, such as metabolic processes, biosynthetic processes, the AMPK signaling pathway, the neurotrophin signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, and the GABAergic synaptic signaling. Moreover, subsequent bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that these differentially expressed proteins contained distinct domains, were localized in different subcellular components, and generated a complex network. Finally, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) might be a key host factor involved in CV-A10 replication. In summary, our findings provide comprehensive insights into the proteomic profile during CV-A10 infection, deepen our understanding of the relationship between CV-A10 and host cells, and establish a proteomic signature for this viral infection. Moreover, the observed effect of HMGB1 on CV-A10 replication suggests that it might be a potential therapeutic target treatment of CV-A10 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
| | - Guifang Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yunguang Hu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yajie Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.
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Moreno-Jiménez EP, Flor-García M, Hernández-Vivanco A, Terreros-Roncal J, Rodríguez-Moreno CB, Toni N, Méndez P, Llorens-Martín M. GSK-3β orchestrates the inhibitory innervation of adult-born dentate granule cells in vivo. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:225. [PMID: 37481766 PMCID: PMC10363517 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis enhances brain plasticity and contributes to the cognitive reserve during aging. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is impaired in neurological disorders, yet the molecular mechanisms regulating the maturation and synaptic integration of new neurons have not been fully elucidated. GABA is a master regulator of adult and developmental neurogenesis. Here we engineered a novel retrovirus encoding the fusion protein Gephyrin:GFP to longitudinally study the formation and maturation of inhibitory synapses during adult hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo. Our data reveal the early assembly of inhibitory postsynaptic densities at 1 week of cell age. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 Beta (GSK-3β) emerges as a key regulator of inhibitory synapse formation and maturation during adult hippocampal neurogenesis. GSK-3β-overexpressing newborn neurons show an increased number and altered size of Gephyrin+ postsynaptic clusters, enhanced miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents, shorter and distanced axon initial segments, reduced synaptic output at the CA3 and CA2 hippocampal regions, and impaired pattern separation. Moreover, GSK-3β overexpression triggers a depletion of Parvalbumin+ interneuron perineuronal nets. These alterations might be relevant in the context of neurological diseases in which the activity of GSK-3β is dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) (Campus de Cantoblanco), c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Flor-García
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) (Campus de Cantoblanco), c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J Terreros-Roncal
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) (Campus de Cantoblanco), c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - C B Rodríguez-Moreno
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) (Campus de Cantoblanco), c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Toni
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, , Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Méndez
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Llorens-Martín
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) (Campus de Cantoblanco), c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Yajie H, Shenglan W, Wei Z, Rufang L, Tingting Y, Yunhui Z, Jie S. Global quantitative proteomic analysis profiles of host protein expression in response to Enterovirus A71 infection in bronchial epithelial cells based on tandem mass tag (TMT) peptide labeling coupled with LC-MS/MS uncovers the key role of proteasome in virus replication. Virus Res 2023; 330:199118. [PMID: 37072100 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a neurotropic human pathogen which mainly caused hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) mostly in children under 5 years-old. Generally, EV-A71-associated HFMD is a relatively self-limiting febrile disease, but there will still be a small percentage of patients with rapid disease progression and severe neurological complications. To date, the underlying mechanism of EV-A71 inducing pathological injury of central nervous system (CNS) remains largely unclear. It has been investigated and discussed the changes of mRNA, miRNA and circRNA expression profile during infection by EV-A71 in our previous studies. However, these studies were only analyzed at the RNA level, not at the protein level. It's the protein levels that ultimately do the work in the body. Here, to address this, we performed a tandem mass tag (TMT) peptide labeling coupled with LC-MS/MS approach to quantitatively identify cellular proteome changes at 24 h post-infection (hpi) in EV-A71-infected 16HBE cells. In total, 6615 proteins were identified by using TMT coupled with LC-MS/MS in this study. In the EV-A71- and mock-infected groups, 210 differentially expressed proteins were found, including 86 upregulated and 124 downregulated proteins, at 24 hpi. To ensure the validity and reliability of the proteomics data, 3 randomly selected proteins were verified by Western blot and Immunofluorescence analysis, and the results were consistent with the TMT results. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis indicated that the up-regulated and down-regulated proteins were individually involved in various biological processes and signaling pathways, including metabolic process, AMPK signaling pathway, Neurotrophin signaling pathway, Viral myocarditis, GABAergic synapse, and so on. Moreover, among these enriched functional analysis, the "Proteasome" pathway was up-regulated, which has caught our attention. Inhibition of proteasome was found to obviously suppress the EV-A71 replication. Finally, further in-depth analysis revealed that these differentially expressed proteins contained distinct domains and localized in different subcellular components. Taken together, our data provided a comprehensive view of host cell response to EV-A71 and identified host proteins may lead to better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and host responses to EV-A71 infection, and also to the identification of new therapeutic targets for EV-A71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yajie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology
| | - Wang Shenglan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhao Wei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Rufang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Tingting
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhang Yunhui
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China..
| | - Song Jie
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.
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Lee SE, Lee GH. Reelin Affects Signaling Pathways of a Group of Inhibitory Neurons and the Development of Inhibitory Synapses in Primary Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147510. [PMID: 34299127 PMCID: PMC8305533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin is a secretory protein involved in a variety of processes in forebrain development and function, including neuronal migration, dendrite growth, spine formation, and synaptic plasticity. Most of the function of Reelin is focused on excitatory neurons; however, little is known about its effects on inhibitory neurons and inhibitory synapses. In this study, we investigated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway of Reelin in primary cortical and hippocampal neurons. Individual neurons were visualized using immunofluorescence to distinguish inhibitory neurons from excitatory neurons. Reelin-rich protein supplementation significantly induced the phosphorylation of Akt and ribosomal S6 protein in excitatory neurons, but not in most inhibitory neurons. In somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons, one of major subtypes of inhibitory neurons, Reelin-rich protein supplementation induced the phosphorylation of S6. Subsequently, we investigated whether or not Reelin-rich protein supplementation affected dendrite development in cultured inhibitory neurons. Reelin-rich protein supplementation did not change the total length of dendrites in inhibitory neurons in vitro. Finally, we examined the development of inhibitory synapses in primary hippocampal neurons and found that Reelin-rich protein supplementation significantly reduced the density of gephyrin-VGAT-positive clusters in the dendritic regions without changing the expression levels of several inhibitory synapse-related proteins. These findings indicate a new role for Reelin in specific groups of inhibitory neurons and the development of inhibitory synapses, which may contribute to the underlying cellular mechanisms of RELN-associated neurological disorders.
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Delmotte Q, Hamze M, Medina I, Buhler E, Zhang J, Belgacem YH, Porcher C. Smoothened receptor signaling regulates the developmental shift of GABA polarity in rat somatosensory cortex. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs247700. [PMID: 32989040 PMCID: PMC7595691 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.247700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and its patched-smoothened receptor complex control a variety of functions in the developing central nervous system, such as neural cell proliferation and differentiation. Recently, Shh signaling components have been found to be expressed at the synaptic level in the postnatal brain, suggesting a potential role in the regulation of synaptic transmission. Using in utero electroporation of constitutively active and negative-phenotype forms of the Shh signal transducer smoothened (Smo), we studied the role of Smo signaling in the development and maturation of GABAergic transmission in the somatosensory cortex. Our results show that enhancing Smo activity during development accelerates the shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABA in a manner dependent on functional expression of potassium-chloride cotransporter type 2 (KCC2, also known as SLC12A5). On the other hand, blocking Smo activity maintains the GABA response in a depolarizing state in mature cortical neurons, resulting in altered chloride homeostasis and increased seizure susceptibility. This study reveals unexpected functions of Smo signaling in the regulation of chloride homeostasis, through control of KCC2 cell-surface stability, and the timing of the GABA excitatory-to-inhibitory shift in brain maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Delmotte
- Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273, Marseille, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Mira Hamze
- Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273, Marseille, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Igor Medina
- Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273, Marseille, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Buhler
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- Plateforme Post-Génomique, INMED, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Yesser H Belgacem
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Porcher
- Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273, Marseille, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
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Delmotte Q, Diabira D, Belaidouni Y, Hamze M, Kochmann M, Montheil A, Gaiarsa JL, Porcher C, Belgacem YH. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Agonist (SAG) Triggers BDNF Secretion and Promotes the Maturation of GABAergic Networks in the Postnatal Rat Hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:98. [PMID: 32425757 PMCID: PMC7212340 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling plays critical roles during early central nervous system development, such as neural cell proliferation, patterning of the neural tube and neuronal differentiation. While Shh signaling is still present in the postnatal brain, the roles it may play are, however, largely unknown. In particular, Shh signaling components are found at the synaptic junction in the maturing hippocampus during the first two postnatal weeks. This period is characterized by the presence of ongoing spontaneous synaptic activity at the cellular and network levels thought to play important roles in the onset of neuronal circuit formation and synaptic plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that non-canonical Shh signaling increases the frequency of the synchronized electrical activity called Giant Depolarizing Potentials (GDP) and enhances spontaneous GABA post-synaptic currents in the rodent hippocampus during the early postnatal period. This effect is mediated specifically through the Shh co-receptor Smoothened via intracellular Ca2+ signal and the activation of the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway. Given the importance of these spontaneous events on neuronal network maturation and refinement, this study opens new perspectives for Shh signaling on the control of early stages of postnatal brain maturation and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Delmotte
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Diabe Diabira
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Yasmine Belaidouni
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Mira Hamze
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Marine Kochmann
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,Institut des Neurosciences de La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Montheil
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Gaiarsa
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Porcher
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Yesser H Belgacem
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
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9
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Duan J, Pandey S, Li T, Castellano D, Gu X, Li J, Tian Q, Lu W. Genetic Deletion of GABA A Receptors Reveals Distinct Requirements of Neurotransmitter Receptors for GABAergic and Glutamatergic Synapse Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:217. [PMID: 31231192 PMCID: PMC6558517 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult brain GABAA receptors (GABAARs) mediate the majority of synaptic inhibition that provides inhibitory balance to excitatory drive and controls neuronal output. In the immature brain GABAAR signaling is critical for neuronal development. However, the cell-autonomous role of GABAARs in synapse development remains largely unknown. We have employed the CRISPR-CAS9 technology to genetically eliminate GABAARs in individual hippocampal neurons and examined GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses. We found that development of GABAergic synapses, but not glutamatergic synapses, critically depends on GABAARs. By combining different genetic approaches, we have also removed GABAARs and two ionotropic glutamate receptors, AMPA receptors (AMPARs) and NMDA receptors (NMDARs), in single neurons and discovered a striking dichotomy. Indeed, while development of glutamatergic synapses and spines does not require signaling mediated by these receptors, inhibitory synapse formation is crucially dependent on them. Our data reveal a critical cell-autonomous role of GABAARs in inhibitory synaptogenesis and demonstrate distinct molecular mechanisms for development of inhibitory and excitatory synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Duan
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tianming Li
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David Castellano
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xinglong Gu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Qingjun Tian
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wei Lu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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10
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Wu M, Fang K, Wang W, Lin W, Guo L, Wang J. Identification of key genes and pathways for Alzheimer’s disease via combined analysis of genome-wide expression profiling in the hippocampus. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41048-019-0086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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11
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Activity-dependent development of GABAergic synapses. Brain Res 2019; 1707:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Yi Q, Zou WJ. A novel four‑snoRNA signature for predicting the survival of patients with uveal melanoma. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:1294-1301. [PMID: 30569172 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM), the predominant histological subtype of intraocular malignant tumors in adults, often results in high rates of mortality; effective prognostic signatures used to predict the survival of patients with UM are limited. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are emerging as important regulators in the processes of carcinogenesis and tumor progression, but knowledge of their application as prognostic markers in UM is limited. In the present study, the expression profiles of snoRNAs in UM were determined; a total of 60 snoRNAs were notably associated with the overall survival of patients with UM via univariate Cox survival analysis. Subsequently, a prognostic signature based on four snoRNAs was proposed, which retained their prognostic significance determined by a multivariate Cox survival analysis. The formula is as follows: ACA17 * (‑1.602) + ACA45 * 0.803 + HBII‑276 * 0.603 + SNORD12 * 1.348. Furthermore, the results of in silico analysis indicated that perturbation of the phototransduction, GABAergic synapse and amphetamine addiction pathways may be the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the poor prognosis of patients with UM. Collectively, the present study proposed a potential prognostic signature for patients with UM and the prospective mechanisms at the genome‑wide level were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jin Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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13
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McDermott JE, Goldblatt D, Paradis S. Class 4 Semaphorins and Plexin-B receptors regulate GABAergic and glutamatergic synapse development in the mammalian hippocampus. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 92:50-66. [PMID: 29981480 PMCID: PMC6191356 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand how proper circuit formation and function is established in the mammalian brain, it is necessary to define the genes and signaling pathways that instruct excitatory and inhibitory synapse development. We previously demonstrated that the ligand-receptor pair, Sema4D and Plexin-B1, regulates inhibitory synapse development on an unprecedentedly fast time-scale while having no effect on excitatory synapse development. Here, we report previously undescribed synaptogenic roles for Sema4A and Plexin-B2 and provide new insight into Sema4D and Plexin-B1 regulation of synapse development in rodent hippocampus. First, we show that Sema4a, Sema4d, Plxnb1, and Plxnb2 have distinct and overlapping expression patterns in neurons and glia in the developing hippocampus. Second, we describe a requirement for Plexin-B1 in both the presynaptic axon of inhibitory interneurons as well as the postsynaptic dendrites of excitatory neurons for Sema4D-dependent inhibitory synapse development. Third, we define a new synaptogenic activity for Sema4A in mediating inhibitory and excitatory synapse development. Specifically, we demonstrate that Sema4A signals through the same pathway as Sema4D, via the postsynaptic Plexin-B1 receptor, to promote inhibitory synapse development. However, Sema4A also signals through the Plexin-B2 receptor to promote excitatory synapse development. Our results shed new light on the molecular cues that promote the development of either inhibitory or excitatory synapses in the mammalian hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dena Goldblatt
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, United States
| | - Suzanne Paradis
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, United States; Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, United States; National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, United States.
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14
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Porcher C, Medina I, Gaiarsa JL. Mechanism of BDNF Modulation in GABAergic Synaptic Transmission in Healthy and Disease Brains. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:273. [PMID: 30210299 PMCID: PMC6121065 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mature healthy mammalian neuronal networks, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediates synaptic inhibition by acting on GABAA and GABAB receptors (GABAAR, GABABR). In immature networks and during numerous pathological conditions the strength of GABAergic synaptic inhibition is much less pronounced. In these neurons the activation of GABAAR produces paradoxical depolarizing action that favors neuronal network excitation. The depolarizing action of GABAAR is a consequence of deregulated chloride ion homeostasis. In addition to depolarizing action of GABAAR, the GABABR mediated inhibition is also less efficient. One of the key molecules regulating the GABAergic synaptic transmission is the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF and its precursor proBDNF, can be released in an activity-dependent manner. Mature BDNF operates via its cognate receptors tropomyosin related kinase B (TrkB) whereas proBDNF binds the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). In this review article, we discuss recent finding illuminating how mBDNF-TrkB and proBDNF-p75NTR signaling pathways regulate GABA related neurotransmission under physiological conditions and during epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Porcher
- Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U901, Marseille, France.,Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED), Marseille, France
| | - Igor Medina
- Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U901, Marseille, France.,Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED), Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Gaiarsa
- Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U901, Marseille, France.,Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED), Marseille, France
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15
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Li J, Han W, Pelkey KA, Duan J, Mao X, Wang YX, Craig MT, Dong L, Petralia RS, McBain CJ, Lu W. Molecular Dissection of Neuroligin 2 and Slitrk3 Reveals an Essential Framework for GABAergic Synapse Development. Neuron 2017; 96:808-826.e8. [PMID: 29107521 PMCID: PMC5957482 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the brain, many types of interneurons make functionally diverse inhibitory synapses onto principal neurons. Although numerous molecules have been identified to function in inhibitory synapse development, it remains unknown whether there is a unifying mechanism for development of diverse inhibitory synapses. Here we report a general molecular mechanism underlying hippocampal inhibitory synapse development. In developing neurons, the establishment of GABAergic transmission depends on Neuroligin 2 (NL2), a synaptic cell adhesion molecule (CAM). During maturation, inhibitory synapse development requires both NL2 and Slitrk3 (ST3), another CAM. Importantly, NL2 and ST3 interact with nanomolar affinity through their extracellular domains to synergistically promote synapse development. Selective perturbation of the NL2-ST3 interaction impairs inhibitory synapse development with consequent disruptions in hippocampal network activity and increased seizure susceptibility. Our findings reveal how unique postsynaptic CAMs work in concert to control synaptogenesis and establish a general framework for GABAergic synapse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wenyan Han
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A Pelkey
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jingjing Duan
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xia Mao
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ya-Xian Wang
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael T Craig
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Lijin Dong
- Genetic Engineering Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chris J McBain
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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16
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Olajide OJ, Yawson EO, Gbadamosi IT, Arogundade TT, Lambe E, Obasi K, Lawal IT, Ibrahim A, Ogunrinola KY. Ascorbic acid ameliorates behavioural deficits and neuropathological alterations in rat model of Alzheimer's disease. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 50:200-211. [PMID: 28192749 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the links between neural pathobiology and behavioural deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and investigating substances with known therapeutic advantages over subcellular mechanisms underlying these dysfunctions could advance the development of potent therapeutic molecules for AD treatment. Here we investigated the efficacy of ascorbic acid (AA) in reversing aluminium chloride (AlCl3)-induced behavioural deficits and neurotoxic cascades within prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus of rats. A group of rats administered oral AlCl3 (100mg/kg) daily for 15days showed degenerative changes characterised by significant weight loss, reduced exploratory/working memory, frontal-dependent motor deficits, cognitive decline, memory dysfunction and anxiety during behavioural assessments compared to control. Subsequent analysis showed that oxidative impairment-indicated by depleted superoxide dismutase and lipid peroxidation (related to glutathione-S-transferase activity), cholinergic deficits seen by increased neural acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression and elevated lactate dehydrogenase underlie behavioural alterations. Furthermore, evidences of proteolysis were seen by reduced Nissl profiles in neuronal axons and dendrites which correspond to apoptotic changes observed in H&E staining of PFC and hippocampal sections. Interestingly, AA (100mg/kg daily for 15days) significantly attenuated behavioural deficits in rats through inhibition of molecular and cellular stressor proteins activated by AlCl3. Our results showed that the primary mechanisms underlying AA therapeutic advantages relates closely with its abilities to scavenge free radicals, prevent membrane lipid peroxidation, modulate neuronal bioenergetics, act as AChE inhibitor and through its anti-proteolytic properties. These findings suggest that supplementing endogenous AA capacity through its pharmacological intake may inhibit progression of AD-related neurodegenerative processes and behavioural alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayemi Joseph Olajide
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Emmanuel Olusola Yawson
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ismail Temitayo Gbadamosi
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope Timothy Arogundade
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ezra Lambe
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Kosisochukwu Obasi
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ismail Tayo Lawal
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Abdulmumin Ibrahim
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Yomi Ogunrinola
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
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17
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Papale A, d'Isa R, Menna E, Cerovic M, Solari N, Hardingham N, Cambiaghi M, Cursi M, Barbacid M, Leocani L, Fasano S, Matteoli M, Brambilla R. Severe Intellectual Disability and Enhanced Gamma-Aminobutyric Acidergic Synaptogenesis in a Novel Model of Rare RASopathies. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 81:179-192. [PMID: 27587266 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of Ras-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) signaling gives rise to RASopathies, a class of neurodevelopmental syndromes associated with intellectual disability. Recently, much attention has been directed at models bearing mild forms of RASopathies whose behavioral impairments can be attenuated by inhibiting the Ras-ERK cascade in the adult. Little is known about the brain mechanisms in severe forms of these disorders. METHODS We performed an extensive characterization of a new brain-specific model of severe forms of RASopathies, the KRAS12V mutant mouse. RESULTS The KRAS12V mutation results in a severe form of intellectual disability, which parallels mental deficits found in patients bearing mutations in this gene. KRAS12V mice show a severe impairment of both short- and long-term memory in a number of behavioral tasks. At the cellular level, an upregulation of ERK signaling during early phases of postnatal development, but not in the adult state, results in a selective enhancement of synaptogenesis in gamma-aminobutyric acidergic interneurons. The enhancement of ERK activity in interneurons at this critical postnatal time leads to a permanent increase in the inhibitory tone throughout the brain, manifesting in reduced synaptic transmission and long-term plasticity in the hippocampus. In the adult, the behavioral and electrophysiological phenotypes in KRAS12V mice can be temporarily reverted by inhibiting gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling but not by a Ras-ERK blockade. Importantly, the synaptogenesis phenotype can be rescued by a treatment at the developmental stage with Ras-ERK inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate a novel mechanism underlying inhibitory synaptogenesis and provide new insights in understanding mental dysfunctions associated to RASopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Papale
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Raffaele d'Isa
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano
| | - Elisabetta Menna
- National Research Council (CNR), Neuroscience Institute, Milano; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Milica Cerovic
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano
| | - Nicola Solari
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano; Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano
| | - Neil Hardingham
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Cambiaghi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano
| | - Marco Cursi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Letizia Leocani
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano
| | - Stefania Fasano
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano
| | - Michela Matteoli
- National Research Council (CNR), Neuroscience Institute, Milano; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano.
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18
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Regulation of GABAergic synapse development by postsynaptic membrane proteins. Brain Res Bull 2016; 129:30-42. [PMID: 27453545 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the adult mammalian brain, GABAergic neurotransmission provides the majority of synaptic inhibition that balances glutamatergic excitatory drive and thereby controls neuronal output. It is generally accepted that synaptogenesis is initiated through highly specific protein-protein interactions mediated by membrane proteins expressed in developing presynaptic terminals and postsynaptic membranes. Accumulating studies have uncovered a number of membrane proteins that regulate different aspects of GABAergic synapse development. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding of GABAergic synapse development with a focus on postsynaptic membrane molecules, including receptors, synaptogenic cell adhesion molecules and immunoglobulin superfamily proteins.
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19
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Dopamine synapse is a neuroligin-2-mediated contact between dopaminergic presynaptic and GABAergic postsynaptic structures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4206-11. [PMID: 27035941 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514074113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine neurons project densely to the striatum and form so-called dopamine synapses on medium spiny neurons (MSNs), principal neurons in the striatum. Because dopamine receptors are widely expressed away from dopamine synapses, it remains unclear how dopamine synapses are involved in dopaminergic transmission. Here we demonstrate that dopamine synapses are contacts formed between dopaminergic presynaptic and GABAergic postsynaptic structures. The presynaptic structure expressed tyrosine hydroxylase, vesicular monoamine transporter-2, and plasmalemmal dopamine transporter, which are essential for dopamine synthesis, vesicular filling, and recycling, but was below the detection threshold for molecules involving GABA synthesis and vesicular filling or for GABA itself. In contrast, the postsynaptic structure of dopamine synapses expressed GABAergic molecules, including postsynaptic adhesion molecule neuroligin-2, postsynaptic scaffolding molecule gephyrin, and GABAA receptor α1, without any specific clustering of dopamine receptors. Of these, neuroligin-2 promoted presynaptic differentiation in axons of midbrain dopamine neurons and striatal GABAergic neurons in culture. After neuroligin-2 knockdown in the striatum, a significant decrease of dopamine synapses coupled with a reciprocal increase of GABAergic synapses was observed on MSN dendrites. This finding suggests that neuroligin-2 controls striatal synapse formation by giving competitive advantage to heterologous dopamine synapses over conventional GABAergic synapses. Considering that MSN dendrites are preferential targets of dopamine synapses and express high levels of dopamine receptors, dopamine synapse formation may serve to increase the specificity and potency of dopaminergic modulation of striatal outputs by anchoring dopamine release sites to dopamine-sensing targets.
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20
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Sanders J, Singh A, Sterne G, Ye B, Zhou J. Learning-guided automatic three dimensional synapse quantification for drosophila neurons. BMC Bioinformatics 2015; 16:177. [PMID: 26017624 PMCID: PMC4445279 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-015-0616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The subcellular distribution of synapses is fundamentally important for the assembly, function, and plasticity of the nervous system. Automated and effective quantification tools are a prerequisite to large-scale studies of the molecular mechanisms of subcellular synapse distribution. Common practices for synapse quantification in neuroscience labs remain largely manual or semi-manual. This is mainly due to computational challenges in automatic quantification of synapses, including large volume, high dimensions and staining artifacts. In the case of confocal imaging, optical limit and xy-z resolution disparity also require special considerations to achieve the necessary robustness. RESULTS A novel algorithm is presented in the paper for learning-guided automatic recognition and quantification of synaptic markers in 3D confocal images. The method developed a discriminative model based on 3D feature descriptors that detected the centers of synaptic markers. It made use of adaptive thresholding and multi-channel co-localization to improve the robustness. The detected markers then guided the splitting of synapse clumps, which further improved the precision and recall of the detected synapses. Algorithms were tested on lobula plate tangential cells (LPTCs) in the brain of Drosophila melanogaster, for GABAergic synaptic markers on axon terminals as well as dendrites. CONCLUSIONS The presented method was able to overcome the staining artifacts and the fuzzy boundaries of synapse clumps in 3D confocal image, and automatically quantify synaptic markers in a complex neuron such as LPTC. Comparison with some existing tools used in automatic 3D synapse quantification also proved the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sanders
- Department of Computer Science, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Anil Singh
- Department of Computer Science, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Gabriella Sterne
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Bing Ye
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Computer Science, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA.
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21
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Beske PH, Scheeler SM, Adler M, McNutt PM. Accelerated intoxication of GABAergic synapses by botulinum neurotoxin A disinhibits stem cell-derived neuron networks prior to network silencing. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:159. [PMID: 25954159 PMCID: PMC4407583 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are extremely potent toxins that specifically cleave SNARE proteins in peripheral synapses, preventing neurotransmitter release. Neuronal responses to BoNT intoxication are traditionally studied by quantifying SNARE protein cleavage in vitro or monitoring physiological paralysis in vivo. Consequently, the dynamic effects of intoxication on synaptic behaviors are not well-understood. We have reported that mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neurons (ESNs) are highly sensitive to BoNT based on molecular readouts of intoxication. Here we study the time-dependent changes in synapse- and network-level behaviors following addition of BoNT/A to spontaneously active networks of glutamatergic and GABAergic ESNs. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings indicated that BoNT/A rapidly blocked synaptic neurotransmission, confirming that ESNs replicate the functional pathophysiology responsible for clinical botulism. Quantitation of spontaneous neurotransmission in pharmacologically isolated synapses revealed accelerated silencing of GABAergic synapses compared to glutamatergic synapses, which was consistent with the selective accumulation of cleaved SNAP-25 at GAD1+ pre-synaptic terminals at early timepoints. Different latencies of intoxication resulted in complex network responses to BoNT/A addition, involving rapid disinhibition of stochastic firing followed by network silencing. Synaptic activity was found to be highly sensitive to SNAP-25 cleavage, reflecting the functional consequences of the localized cleavage of the small subpopulation of SNAP-25 that is engaged in neurotransmitter release in the nerve terminal. Collectively these findings illustrate that use of synaptic function assays in networked neurons cultures offers a novel and highly sensitive approach for mechanistic studies of toxin:neuron interactions and synaptic responses to BoNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip H Beske
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Branch, Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Stephen M Scheeler
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Branch, Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Michael Adler
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Branch, Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Patrick M McNutt
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Branch, Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
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22
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Mistry AM, Thompson CH, Miller AR, Vanoye CG, George AL, Kearney JA. Strain- and age-dependent hippocampal neuron sodium currents correlate with epilepsy severity in Dravet syndrome mice. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 65:1-11. [PMID: 24434335 PMCID: PMC3968814 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous loss-of-function SCN1A mutations cause Dravet syndrome, an epileptic encephalopathy of infancy that exhibits variable clinical severity. We utilized a heterozygous Scn1a knockout (Scn1a(+/-)) mouse model of Dravet syndrome to investigate the basis for phenotype variability. These animals exhibit strain-dependent seizure severity and survival. Scn1a(+/-) mice on strain 129S6/SvEvTac (129.Scn1a(+/-)) have no overt phenotype and normal survival compared with Scn1a(+/-) mice bred to C57BL/6J (F1.Scn1a(+/-)) that have severe epilepsy and premature lethality. We tested the hypothesis that strain differences in sodium current (INa) density in hippocampal neurons contribute to these divergent phenotypes. Whole-cell voltage-clamp recording was performed on acutely-dissociated hippocampal neurons from postnatal days 21-24 (P21-24) 129.Scn1a(+/-) or F1.Scn1a(+/-) mice and wild-type littermates. INa density was lower in GABAergic interneurons from F1.Scn1a(+/-) mice compared to wild-type littermates, while on the 129 strain there was no difference in GABAergic interneuron INa density between 129.Scn1a(+/-) mice and wild-type littermate controls. By contrast, INa density was elevated in pyramidal neurons from both 129.Scn1a(+/-) and F1.Scn1a(+/-) mice, and was correlated with more frequent spontaneous action potential firing in these neurons, as well as more sustained firing in F1.Scn1a(+/-) neurons. We also observed age-dependent differences in pyramidal neuron INa density between wild-type and Scn1a(+/-) animals. We conclude that preserved INa density in GABAergic interneurons contributes to the milder phenotype of 129.Scn1a(+/-) mice. Furthermore, elevated INa density in excitatory pyramidal neurons at P21-24 correlates with age-dependent onset of lethality in F1.Scn1a(+/-) mice. Our findings illustrate differences in hippocampal neurons that may underlie strain- and age-dependent phenotype severity in a Dravet syndrome mouse model, and emphasize a contribution of pyramidal neuron excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshitkumar M Mistry
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0275, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0275, USA
| | - Christopher H Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0275, USA
| | - Alison R Miller
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0275, USA
| | - Carlos G Vanoye
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0275, USA
| | - Alfred L George
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0275, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0275, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Kearney
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0275, USA.
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23
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Nivison-Smith L, Chua J, Tan SS, Kalloniatis M. Amino acid signatures in the developing mouse retina. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 33:62-80. [PMID: 24368173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterizes the developmental patterns of seven key amino acids: glutamate, γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA), glycine, glutamine, aspartate, alanine and taurine in the mouse retina. We analyze amino acids in specific bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cell sub-populations (i.e. GABAergic vs. glycinergic amacrine cells) and anatomically distinct regions of photoreceptors and Müller cells (i.e. cell bodies vs. endfeet) by extracting data from previously described pattern recognition analysis. Pattern recognition statistically classifies all cells in the retina based on their neurochemical profile and surpasses the previous limitations of anatomical and morphological identification of cells in the immature retina. We found that the GABA and glycine cellular content reached adult-like levels in most neurons before glutamate. The metabolic amino acids glutamine, aspartate and alanine also reached maturity in most retinal cells before eye opening. When the overall amino acid profiles were considered for each cell group, ganglion cells and GABAergic amacrine cells matured first, followed by glycinergic amacrine cells and finally bipolar cells. Photoreceptor cell bodies reached adult-like amino acid profiles at P7 whilst Müller cells acquired typical amino acid profiles in their cell bodies at P7 and in their endfeet by P14. We further compared the amino acid profiles of the C57Bl/6J mouse with the transgenic X-inactivation mouse carrying the lacZ gene on the X chromosome and validated this animal model for the study of normal retinal development. This study provides valuable insight into normal retinal neurochemical maturation and metabolism and benchmark amino acid values for comparison with retinal disease, particularly those which occur during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nivison-Smith
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Chua
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Seong-Seng Tan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Michael Kalloniatis
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Eye Health, Sydney, Australia.
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24
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Whittington RA, Bretteville A, Dickler MF, Planel E. Anesthesia and tau pathology. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 47:147-55. [PMID: 23535147 PMCID: PMC3741335 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and remains a growing worldwide health problem. As life expectancy continues to increase, the number of AD patients presenting for surgery and anesthesia will steadily rise. The etiology of sporadic AD is thought to be multifactorial, with environmental, biological and genetic factors interacting together to influence AD pathogenesis. Recent reports suggest that general anesthetics may be such a factor and may contribute to the development and exacerbation of this neurodegenerative disorder. Intra-neuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), composed of hyperphosphorylated and aggregated tau protein are one of the main neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Tau pathology is important in AD as it correlates very well with cognitive dysfunction. Lately, several studies have begun to elucidate the mechanisms by which anesthetic exposure might affect the phosphorylation, aggregation and function of this microtubule-associated protein. Here, we specifically review the literature detailing the impact of anesthetic administration on aberrant tau hyperphosphorylation as well as the subsequent development of neurofibrillary pathology and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Whittington
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032,Corresponding Author: Robert A. Whittington, MD, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Anesthesiology, 622 West 168th Street PH 5, New York, NY 10032, Tel: 212-305-1567, Fax: 212-305-0777,
| | - Alexis Bretteville
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec (QC), Canada, G1V 4G2
| | - Maya F. Dickler
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec (QC), Canada, G1V 4G2
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec (QC), Canada, G1V 4G2,Université Laval, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Québec (QC), Canada, G1V 0A6
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25
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Raissi AJ, Staudenmaier EK, David S, Hu L, Paradis S. Sema4D localizes to synapses and regulates GABAergic synapse development as a membrane-bound molecule in the mammalian hippocampus. Mol Cell Neurosci 2013; 57:23-32. [PMID: 24036351 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While numerous recent advances have contributed to our understanding of excitatory synapse formation, the processes that mediate inhibitory synapse formation remain poorly defined. Previously, we discovered that RNAi-mediated knockdown of a Class 4 Semaphorin, Sema4D, led to a decrease in the density of inhibitory synapses without an apparent effect on excitatory synapse formation. Our current work has led us to new insights about the molecular mechanisms by which Sema4D regulates GABAergic synapse development. Specifically, we report that the extracellular domain of Sema4D is proteolytically cleaved from the surface of neurons. However, despite this cleavage event, Sema4D signals through its extracellular domain as a membrane-bound, synaptically localized protein required in the postsynaptic membrane for proper GABAergic synapse formation. Thus, as Sema4D is one of only a few molecules identified thus far that preferentially regulates GABAergic synapse formation, these findings have important implications for our mechanistic understanding of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram J Raissi
- National Center for Behavioral Genomics and Volen Center for Complex Systems, Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
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26
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The class 4 semaphorin Sema4D promotes the rapid assembly of GABAergic synapses in rodent hippocampus. J Neurosci 2013; 33:8961-73. [PMID: 23699507 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0989-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper circuit function in the mammalian nervous system depends on the precise assembly and development of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic connections between neurons. Through a loss-of-function genetic screen in cultured hippocampal neurons, we previously identified the class 4 Semaphorin Sema4D as being required for proper GABAergic synapse development. Here we demonstrate that Sema4D is sufficient to promote GABAergic synapse formation in rodent hippocampus and investigate the kinetics of this activity. We find that Sema4D treatment of rat hippocampal neurons increases the density of GABAergic synapses as detected by immunocytochemistry within 30 min, much more rapidly than has been previously described for a prosynaptogenic molecule, and show that this effect is dependent on the Sema4D receptor PlexinB1 using PlxnB1(-/-) mice. Live imaging studies reveal that Sema4D elicits a rapid enhancement (within 10 min) in the rate of addition of synaptic proteins. Therefore, we demonstrate that Sema4D, via PlexinB1, acts to initiate synapse formation by recruiting molecules to both the presynaptic and the postsynaptic terminals; these nascent synapses subsequently become fully functional by 2 h after Sema4D treatment. In addition, acute treatment of an organotypic hippocampal slice epilepsy model with Sema4D reveals that Sema4D rapidly and dramatically alters epileptiform activity, which is consistent with a Sema4D-mediated shift in the balance of excitation and inhibition within the circuit. These data demonstrate an ability to quickly assemble GABAergic synapses in response to an appropriate signal and suggest a potential area of exploration for the development of novel antiepileptic drugs.
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27
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Mauri M, Lentini D, Gravati M, Foudah D, Biella G, Costa B, Toselli M, Parenti M, Coco S. Mesenchymal stem cells enhance GABAergic transmission in co-cultured hippocampal neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2012; 49:395-405. [PMID: 22388097 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells endowed with neurotrophic potential combined with immunological properties, making them a promising therapeutic tool for neurodegenerative disorders. However, the mechanisms through which MSCs promote the neurological recovery following injury or inflammation are still largely unknown, although cell replacement and paracrine mechanisms have been hypothesized. In order to find out what are the mechanisms of the trophic action of MSCs, as compared to glial cells, on CNS neurons, we set up a co-culture system where rat MSCs (or cortical astrocytes) were used as a feeding layer for hippocampal neurons without any direct contact between the two cell types. The analysis of hippocampal synaptogenesis, synaptic vesicle recycling and electrical activity show that MSCs were capable to support morphological and functional neuronal differentiation. The proliferation of hippocampal glial cells induced by the release of bioactive substance(s) from MSCs was necessary for neuronal survival. Furthermore, MSCs selectively increased hippocampal GABAergic pre-synapses. This effect was paralleled with a higher expression of the potassium/chloride KCC2 co-transporter and increased frequency and amplitude of mIPSCs and sIPSCs. The enhancement of GABA synapses was impaired by the treatment with K252a, a Trk/neurotrophin receptor blocker, and by TrkB receptor bodies hence suggesting the involvement of BDNF as a mediator of such effects. The results obtained here indicate that MSC-secreted factors induce glial-dependent neuronal survival and trigger an augmented GABAergic transmission in hippocampal cultures, highlighting a new effect by which MSCs could promote CNS repair. Our results suggest that MSCs may be useful in those neurological disorders characterized by an impairment of excitation versus inhibition balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mauri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
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