1
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Teves L, Vieira Melo AR, Ferreira AF, Raposo M, Lemos C, Bettencourt C, Lima M. Global DNA methylation is not elevated in blood samples from Machado-Joseph disease mutation carriers. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2368995. [PMID: 38900099 PMCID: PMC11195492 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2368995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is an autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the ataxin-3 protein, which initiates a cascade of pathogenic events, including transcriptional dysregulation. Genotype-phenotype correlations in MJD are incomplete, suggesting an influence of additional factors, such as epigenetic modifications, underlying the MJD pathogenesis. DNA methylation is known to impact the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders through gene expression regulation and increased methylation has been reported for other SCAs. In this work we aimed to analyse global methylation in MJD carriers. Global 5-mC levels were quantified in blood samples of 33 MJD mutation carriers (patients and preclinical subjects) and 33 healthy controls, matched by age, sex, and smoking status. For a subset of 16 MJD subjects, a pilot follow-up analysis with two time points was also conducted. No differences were found in median global 5-mC levels between MJD mutation carriers and controls and no correlations between methylation levels and clinical or genetic variables were detected. Also, no alterations in global 5-mC levels were observed over time. Our findings do not support an increase in global blood methylation levels associated with MJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Teves
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- UnIGENe, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rosa Vieira Melo
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Ana F. Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Raposo
- UnIGENe, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Lemos
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- UnIGENe, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Bettencourt
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Manuela Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
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2
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Hernández-Carralero E, Quinet G, Freire R. ATXN3: a multifunctional protein involved in the polyglutamine disease spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Expert Rev Mol Med 2024; 26:e19. [PMID: 39320846 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2024.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
ATXN3 is a ubiquitin hydrolase (or deubiquitinase, DUB), product of the ATXN3 gene, ubiquitously expressed in various cell types including peripheral and neuronal tissues and involved in several cellular pathways. Importantly, the expansion of the CAG trinucleotides within the ATXN3 gene leads to an expanded polyglutamine domain in the encoded protein, which has been associated with the onset of the spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, also known as Machado-Joseph disease, the most common dominantly inherited ataxia worldwide. ATXN3 has therefore been under intensive investigation for decades. In this review, we summarize the main functions of ATXN3 in proteostasis, DNA repair and transcriptional regulation, as well as the emerging role in regulating chromatin structure. The mentioned molecular functions of ATXN3 are also reviewed in the context of the pathological expanded form of ATXN3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Hernández-Carralero
- Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Grégoire Quinet
- Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Raimundo Freire
- Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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3
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Chakraborty A, Sreenivasmurthy SG, Miller W, Huai W, Biswas T, Mandal SM, Boscá L, Krishnan B, Ghosh G, Hazra T. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate restores DNA repair activity of PNKP and ameliorates neurodegenerative symptoms in Huntington's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2406308121. [PMID: 39298485 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2406308121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) are the two most prevalent polyglutamine (polyQ) neurodegenerative diseases, caused by CAG (encoding glutamine) repeat expansion in the coding region of the huntingtin (HTT) and ataxin-3 (ATXN3) proteins, respectively. We have earlier reported that the activity, but not the protein level, of an essential DNA repair enzyme, polynucleotide kinase 3'-phosphatase (PNKP), is severely abrogated in both HD and SCA3 resulting in accumulation of double-strand breaks in patients' brain genome. While investigating the mechanistic basis for the loss of PNKP activity and accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks leading to neuronal death, we observed that PNKP interacts with the nuclear isoform of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3). Depletion of PFKFB3 markedly abrogates PNKP activity without changing its protein level. Notably, the levels of both PFKFB3 and its product fructose-2,6 bisphosphate (F2,6BP), an allosteric modulator of glycolysis, are significantly lower in the nuclear extracts of postmortem brain tissues of HD and SCA3 patients. Supplementation of F2,6BP restored PNKP activity in the nuclear extracts of patients' brain. Moreover, intracellular delivery of F2,6BP restored both the activity of PNKP and the integrity of transcribed genome in neuronal cells derived from the striatum of the HD mouse. Importantly, supplementing F2,6BP rescued the HD phenotype in Drosophila, suggesting F2,6BP to serve in vivo as a cofactor for the proper functionality of PNKP and thereby, of brain health. Our results thus provide a compelling rationale for exploring the therapeutic use of F2,6BP and structurally related compounds for treating polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Chakraborty
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | | | - Wyatt Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Weihan Huai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Tapan Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Santi Mohan Mandal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), and Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid ES-28040, Spain
| | - Balaji Krishnan
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Tapas Hazra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
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Sharafi S, Rezvani Z. Investigation of Spinocerebellar Ataxia (SCA) Disease in Iranian Patients and Accurate Trinucleotide Repeat Detection in the SCA3 by TP-PCR Method. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04434-8. [PMID: 39155322 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
SCA (spinocerebellar ataxia) which is autosomal dominantly transferred is a subset of inherited cerebellar ataxia. These progressive neurological diseases have clinical features of ataxia and are derived from the destruction of the cerebellum. These diseases can also affect other areas, including the brainstem. Frequent proliferation of CAG nucleotides can encode polyglutamine and, as a result, produce the toxic polyglutamine (poly Q) protein that leads to many types of SCAs. They are categorized based on specific genetic mutations. The main symptoms of SCA, gait ataxia and incoordination, nystagmus, vision problems, and dysarthria, can be mentioned. In this study, 31 Iranians who were suspected of SCA disease were clinically diagnosed from November 2019 to September 2021. For these 31 patients suspected of spinocerebellar ataxia, PCR was performed, and the analysis was based on vertical electrophoresis. For SCA3 patients, the TP-PCR technique was carried out and evaluated by capillary electrophoresis. For all 31 patients, PCR function was successful according to the results attained by conventional PCR. The number of three nucleotide replications was within the normal range for 22 people, and nine patients were reported. Studies showed that three people suspected of SCA were infected with SCA3 according to the TP-PCR technique, and this was while seven people were diagnosed with SCA3 using the PCR method. As the purpose of this test is to provide a more accurate diagnostic method and prenatal diagnosis of this disease, the TP-PCR method proved to be more suitable when applied for the diagnosis of abnormal trinucleotides CAG in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafagh Sharafi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Qutb Rawandi Blvd, Kashan City, Isfahan Province, Iran
| | - Zahra Rezvani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Qutb Rawandi Blvd, Kashan City, Isfahan Province, Iran.
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5
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Sun Y, Liu D, Zhang X, Su P, Li X, Li Z, Gai Y, Li J, Yang Z, Ding Y, Zhu J, Tan X. Regulation of Hippo/YAP axis in colon cancer progression by the deubiquitinase JOSD1. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:365. [PMID: 39143074 PMCID: PMC11325045 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a prevalent malignancy, while recent studies revealed the dys-regulation of Hippo signaling as the important driver for colon cancer progression. Several studies have indicated that post-translational modifications on YAP play crucial roles in both Hippo signaling activity and cancer progression. This raises a puzzling question about why YAP/TAZ, an auto-inhibitory pathway, is frequently over-activated in colon cancer, despite the suppressive cascade of Hippo signaling remaining operational. The protein stability of YAP is subject to a tiny balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination processes. Through correlation analysis of DUBs (deubiquitinases) expression and Hippo target gene signature in colon cancer samples, we found JOSD1 as a critical deubiquitinase for Hippo signaling and colon cancer progression. JOSD1 could facilitate colon cancer progression and in colon cancer, inhibition of JOSD1 via shRNA has been demonstrated to impede tumorigenesis. Furthermore, molecular mechanism studies have elucidated that JOSD1 enhances the formation of the Hippo/YAP transcriptome by impeding K48-linked polyubiquitination on YAP. ChIP assays have shown that YAP binds to JOSD1's promoter region, promoting its gene transcription. These results suggest that JOSD1 is involved in both activating and being targeted by the Hippo signaling pathway in colon cancer. Consequently, a positive regulatory loop between JOSD1 and Hippo signaling has been identified, underscoring their interdependence during colon cancer progression. Thus, targeting JOSD1 may represent a promising therapeutic approach for managing colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Dongyi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of General surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Migration and Invasion Precision Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhongbo Li
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Migration and Invasion Precision Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yingwen Gai
- Department of General surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Jingying Li
- Department of Health Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- Deartment of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Yinlu Ding
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong Province, P.R. China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of General surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, P.R. China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong Province, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- Department of General surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, P.R. China.
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6
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Zhang H, Wang X. The Role of Protein Quantity Control in Polyglutamine Spinocerebellar Ataxias. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01722-w. [PMID: 39052145 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Polyglutamine spinocerebellar ataxias (polyQ SCAs) represent the most prevalent subtype of SCAs. The primary pathogenic mechanism is believed to be the gain-of-function neurotoxicity of polyQ proteins. Strategies such as enhancing the degradation or inhibiting the accumulation of these mutant proteins are pivotal for reducing their toxicity and slowing disease progression. The protein quality control (PQC) system, comprising primarily molecular chaperones and the ubiquitin‒proteasome system (UPS), is essential for maintaining protein homeostasis by regulating protein folding, trafficking, and degradation. Notably, polyQ proteins can disrupt the PQC system by sequestering its critical components and impairing its proteasomal functions. Therefore, restoring the PQC system through genetic or pharmacological interventions could potentially offer beneficial effects and alleviate the symptoms of the disease. Here, we will provide a review on the distribution, expression, and genetic or pharmacological intervention of protein quality control system in cellular or animal models of PolyQ SCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China.
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7
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Chakraborty A, Sreenivasmurthy SG, Miller W, Huai W, Biswas T, Mandal SM, Boscá L, Krishnan B, Ghosh G, Hazra T. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate restores DNA repair activity of PNKP and ameliorates neurodegenerative symptoms in Huntington's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.26.564220. [PMID: 37961108 PMCID: PMC10634858 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.564220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) are the two most prevalent polyglutamine (polyQ) neurodegenerative diseases, caused by CAG (encoding glutamine) repeat expansion in the coding region of the huntingtin (HTT) and ataxin-3 (ATXN3) proteins, respectively. We have earlier reported that the activity, but not the protein level, of an essential DNA repair enzyme, polynucleotide kinase 3'-phosphatase (PNKP), is severely abrogated in both HD and SCA3 resulting in accumulation of double-strand breaks in patients' brain genome. While investigating the mechanistic basis for the loss of PNKP activity and accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks leading to neuronal death, we observed that PNKP interacts with the nuclear isoform of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3). Depletion of PFKFB3 markedly abrogates PNKP activity without changing its protein level. Notably, the levels of both PFKFB3 and its product fructose-2,6 bisphosphate (F2,6BP), an allosteric modulator of glycolysis, are significantly lower in the nuclear extracts of post-mortem brain tissues of HD and SCA3 patients. Supplementation of F2,6BP restored PNKP activity in the nuclear extracts of patients' brain. Moreover, intracellular delivery of F2,6BP restored both the activity of PNKP and the integrity of transcribed genome in neuronal cells derived from striatum of HD mouse. Importantly, supplementing F2,6BP rescued the HD phenotype in Drosophila, suggesting F2,6BP to serve in vivo as a cofactor for the proper functionality of PNKP and thereby, of brain health. Our results thus provide a compelling rationale for exploring the therapeutic use of F2,6BP and structurally related compounds for treating polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Chakraborty
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | | | - Wyatt Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, LA Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Weihan Huai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, LA Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Tapan Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, LA Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Santi Mohan Mandal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, LA Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (CSIC-UAM), and Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Balaji Krishnan
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, LA Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Tapas Hazra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
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8
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Sujkowski A, Ranxhi B, Bangash ZR, Chbihi ZM, Prifti MV, Qadri Z, Alam N, Todi SV, Tsou WL. Progressive degeneration in a new Drosophila model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 7. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14332. [PMID: 38906973 PMCID: PMC11192756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from abnormal expansion of an uninterrupted polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat in its disease protein, ataxin-7 (ATXN7). ATXN7 is part of Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA), an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional coactivation complex with critical roles in chromatin remodeling, cell signaling, neurodifferentiation, mitochondrial health and autophagy. SCA7 is dominantly inherited and characterized by genetic anticipation and high repeat-length instability. Patients with SCA7 experience progressive ataxia, atrophy, spasticity, and blindness. There is currently no cure for SCA7, and therapies are aimed at alleviating symptoms to increase quality of life. Here, we report novel Drosophila lines of SCA7 with polyQ repeats in wild-type and human disease patient range. We find that ATXN7 expression has age- and polyQ repeat length-dependent reduction in fruit fly survival and retinal instability, concomitant with increased ATXN7 protein aggregation. These new lines will provide important insight on disease progression that can be used in the future to identify therapeutic targets for SCA7 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Sujkowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield, Scott Hall Rm 3108, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Bedri Ranxhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield, Scott Hall Rm 3108, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Zoya R Bangash
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield, Scott Hall Rm 3108, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Zachary M Chbihi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield, Scott Hall Rm 3108, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Matthew V Prifti
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield, Scott Hall Rm 3108, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Zaina Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield, Scott Hall Rm 3108, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Nadir Alam
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield, Scott Hall Rm 3108, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Sokol V Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield, Scott Hall Rm 3108, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wei-Ling Tsou
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield, Scott Hall Rm 3108, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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9
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Chakraborty P, Gamage HKAH, Laird AS. Butyrate as a potential therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disorders. Neurochem Int 2024; 176:105745. [PMID: 38641025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining an optimum microbial community within the gastrointestinal tract is intricately linked to human metabolic, immune and brain health. Disturbance to these microbial populations perturbs the production of vital bioactive compounds synthesised by the gut microbiome, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Of the SCFAs, butyrate is known to be a major source of energy for colonocytes and has valuable effects on the maintenance of intestinal epithelium and blood brain barrier integrity, gut motility and transit, anti-inflammatory effects, and autophagy induction. Inducing endogenous butyrate production is likely to be beneficial for gut-brain homeostasis and for optimal neuronal function. For these reasons, butyrate has gained interest as a potential therapy for not only metabolic and immunological disorders, but also conditions related to the brain, including neurodegenerative diseases. While direct and indirect sources of butyrate, including prebiotics, probiotics, butyrate pro-drugs and glucosidase inhibitors, offer a promising therapeutic avenue, their efficacy and dosage in neurodegenerative conditions remain largely unknown. Here, we review current literature on effects of butyrate relevant to neuronal function, the impact of butyrate in a range of neurodegenerative diseases and related treatments that may have potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapti Chakraborty
- Macquarie University Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hasinika K A H Gamage
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia's Bioactives, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Angela S Laird
- Macquarie University Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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10
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Schuster KH, Zalon AJ, DiFranco DM, Putka AF, Stec NR, Jarrah SI, Naeem A, Haque Z, Zhang H, Guan Y, McLoughlin HS. ASOs are an effective treatment for disease-associated oligodendrocyte signatures in premanifest and symptomatic SCA3 mice. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1359-1372. [PMID: 38429929 PMCID: PMC11081874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most common dominantly inherited ataxia. Currently, no preventive or disease-modifying treatments exist for this progressive neurodegenerative disorder, although efforts using gene silencing approaches are under clinical trial investigation. The disease is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the mutant gene, ATXN3, producing an enlarged polyglutamine tract in the mutant protein. Similar to other paradigmatic neurodegenerative diseases, studies evaluating the pathogenic mechanism focus primarily on neuronal implications. Consequently, therapeutic interventions often overlook non-neuronal contributions to disease. Our lab recently reported that oligodendrocytes display some of the earliest and most progressive dysfunction in SCA3 mice. Evidence of disease-associated oligodendrocyte signatures has also been reported in other neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Here, we assess the effects of anti-ATXN3 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) treatment on oligodendrocyte dysfunction in premanifest and symptomatic SCA3 mice. We report a severe, but modifiable, deficit in oligodendrocyte maturation caused by the toxic gain-of-function of mutant ATXN3 early in SCA3 disease that is transcriptionally, biochemically, and functionally rescued with anti-ATXN3 ASO. Our results highlight the promising use of an ASO therapy across neurodegenerative diseases that requires glial targeting in addition to affected neuronal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen H Schuster
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Annie J Zalon
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Alexandra F Putka
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nicholas R Stec
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sabrina I Jarrah
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Arsal Naeem
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zaid Haque
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuanfang Guan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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11
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Henriques C, Lopes MM, Silva AC, Lobo DD, Badin RA, Hantraye P, Pereira de Almeida L, Nobre RJ. Viral-based animal models in polyglutamine disorders. Brain 2024; 147:1166-1189. [PMID: 38284949 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine disorders are a complex group of incurable neurodegenerative disorders caused by an abnormal expansion in the trinucleotide cytosine-adenine-guanine tract of the affected gene. To better understand these disorders, our dependence on animal models persists, primarily relying on transgenic models. In an effort to complement and deepen our knowledge, researchers have also developed animal models of polyglutamine disorders employing viral vectors. Viral vectors have been extensively used to deliver genes to the brain, not only for therapeutic purposes but also for the development of animal models, given their remarkable flexibility. In a time- and cost-effective manner, it is possible to use different transgenes, at varying doses, in diverse targeted tissues, at different ages, and in different species, to recreate polyglutamine pathology. This paper aims to showcase the utility of viral vectors in disease modelling, share essential considerations for developing animal models with viral vectors, and provide a comprehensive review of existing viral-based animal models for polyglutamine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Henriques
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Lopes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana D Lobo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Romina Aron Badin
- CEA, DRF, Institute of Biology François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- CEA, DRF, Institute of Biology François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Jorge Nobre
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
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12
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Stahl F, Evert BO, Han X, Breuer P, Wüllner U. Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 Pathophysiology-Implications for Translational Research and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3984. [PMID: 38612794 PMCID: PMC11012515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) comprise a group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases. Machado-Joseph Disease (MJD) or spinocerebellar ataxia 3 (SCA3) is the most common autosomal dominant form, caused by the expansion of CAG repeats within the ataxin-3 (ATXN3) gene. This mutation results in the expression of an abnormal protein containing long polyglutamine (polyQ) stretches that confers a toxic gain of function and leads to misfolding and aggregation of ATXN3 in neurons. As a result of the neurodegenerative process, SCA3 patients are severely disabled and die prematurely. Several screening approaches, e.g., druggable genome-wide and drug library screenings have been performed, focussing on the reduction in stably overexpressed ATXN3(polyQ) protein and improvement in the resultant toxicity. Transgenic overexpression models of toxic ATXN3, however, missed potential modulators of endogenous ATXN3 regulation. In another approach to identify modifiers of endogenous ATXN3 expression using a CRISPR/Cas9-modified SK-N-SH wild-type cell line with a GFP-T2A-luciferase (LUC) cassette under the control of the endogenous ATXN3 promotor, four statins were identified as potential activators of expression. We here provide an overview of the high throughput screening approaches yet performed to find compounds or genomic modifiers of ATXN3(polyQ) toxicity in different SCA3 model organisms and cell lines to ameliorate and halt SCA3 progression in patients. Furthermore, the putative role of cholesterol in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) in general and SCA3 in particular is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Stahl
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Bernd O. Evert
- Departments of Neurology and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (B.O.E.); (X.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Xinyu Han
- Departments of Neurology and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (B.O.E.); (X.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Peter Breuer
- Departments of Neurology and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (B.O.E.); (X.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- Departments of Neurology and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (B.O.E.); (X.H.); (P.B.)
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13
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Raposo M, Hübener-Schmid J, Tagett R, Ferreira AF, Vieira Melo AR, Vasconcelos J, Pires P, Kay T, Garcia-Moreno H, Giunti P, Santana MM, Pereira de Almeida L, Infante J, van de Warrenburg BP, de Vries JJ, Faber J, Klockgether T, Casadei N, Admard J, Schöls L, Riess O, Costa MDC, Lima M. Blood and cerebellar abundance of ATXN3 splice variants in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 193:106456. [PMID: 38423193 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3)/Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is a heritable proteinopathy disorder, whose causative gene, ATXN3, undergoes alternative splicing. Ataxin-3 protein isoforms differ in their toxicity, suggesting that certain ATXN3 splice variants may be crucial in driving the selective toxicity in SCA3. Using RNA-seq datasets we identified and determined the abundance of annotated ATXN3 transcripts in blood (n = 60) and cerebellum (n = 12) of SCA3 subjects and controls. The reference transcript (ATXN3-251), translating into an ataxin-3 isoform harbouring three ubiquitin-interacting motifs (UIMs), showed the highest abundance in blood, while the most abundant transcript in the cerebellum (ATXN3-208) was of unclear function. Noteworthy, two of the four transcripts that encode full-length ataxin-3 isoforms but differ in the C-terminus were strongly related with tissue expression specificity: ATXN3-251 (3UIM) was expressed in blood 50-fold more than in the cerebellum, whereas ATXN3-214 (2UIM) was expressed in the cerebellum 20-fold more than in the blood. These findings shed light on ATXN3 alternative splicing, aiding in the comprehension of SCA3 pathogenesis and providing guidance in the design of future ATXN3 mRNA-lowering therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Raposo
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Jeannette Hübener-Schmid
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Rebecca Tagett
- Bioinformatics Core, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ana F Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Ana Rosa Vieira Melo
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - João Vasconcelos
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Paula Pires
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital do Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Teresa Kay
- Serviço de Genética Clínica, Hospital D. Estefânia, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hector Garcia-Moreno
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurogenetics, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paola Giunti
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurogenetics, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Magda M Santana
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jon Infante
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Santander, Spain
| | - Bart P van de Warrenburg
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J de Vries
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Faber
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; NGS Competence Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Admard
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; NGS Competence Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center for Neurology, University of Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; NGS Competence Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria do Carmo Costa
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Manuela Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
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14
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Potapenko A, Davidson JM, Lee A, Laird AS. The deubiquitinase function of ataxin-3 and its role in the pathogenesis of Machado-Joseph disease and other diseases. Biochem J 2024; 481:461-480. [PMID: 38497605 PMCID: PMC11088879 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20240017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is a devastating and incurable neurodegenerative disease characterised by progressive ataxia, difficulty speaking and swallowing. Consequently, affected individuals ultimately become wheelchair dependent, require constant care, and face a shortened life expectancy. The monogenic cause of MJD is expansion of a trinucleotide (CAG) repeat region within the ATXN3 gene, which results in polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion within the resultant ataxin-3 protein. While it is well established that the ataxin-3 protein functions as a deubiquitinating (DUB) enzyme and is therefore critically involved in proteostasis, several unanswered questions remain regarding the impact of polyQ expansion in ataxin-3 on its DUB function. Here we review the current literature surrounding ataxin-3's DUB function, its DUB targets, and what is known regarding the impact of polyQ expansion on ataxin-3's DUB function. We also consider the potential neuroprotective effects of ataxin-3's DUB function, and the intersection of ataxin-3's role as a DUB enzyme and regulator of gene transcription. Ataxin-3 is the principal pathogenic protein in MJD and also appears to be involved in cancer. As aberrant deubiquitination has been linked to both neurodegeneration and cancer, a comprehensive understanding of ataxin-3's DUB function is important for elucidating potential therapeutic targets in these complex conditions. In this review, we aim to consolidate knowledge of ataxin-3 as a DUB and unveil areas for future research to aid therapeutic targeting of ataxin-3's DUB function for the treatment of MJD and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Potapenko
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Jennilee M. Davidson
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Albert Lee
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Angela S. Laird
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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15
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Watchon M, Robinson KJ, Luu L, An Y, Yuan KC, Plenderleith SK, Cheng F, Don EK, Nicholson GA, Lee A, Laird AS. Treatment with sodium butyrate induces autophagy resulting in therapeutic benefits for spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23429. [PMID: 38258931 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300963rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3, also known as Machado Joseph disease) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of the trinucleotide repeat region within the ATXN3/MJD gene. Mutation of ATXN3 causes formation of ataxin-3 protein aggregates, neurodegeneration, and motor deficits. Here we investigated the therapeutic potential and mechanistic activity of sodium butyrate (SB), the sodium salt of butyric acid, a metabolite naturally produced by gut microbiota, on cultured SH-SY5Y cells and transgenic zebrafish expressing human ataxin-3 containing 84 glutamine (Q) residues to model SCA3. SCA3 SH-SY5Y cells were found to contain high molecular weight ataxin-3 species and detergent-insoluble protein aggregates. Treatment with SB increased the activity of the autophagy protein quality control pathway in the SCA3 cells, decreased the presence of ataxin-3 aggregates and presence of high molecular weight ataxin-3 in an autophagy-dependent manner. Treatment with SB was also beneficial in vivo, improving swimming performance, increasing activity of the autophagy pathway, and decreasing the presence of insoluble ataxin-3 protein species in the transgenic SCA3 zebrafish. Co-treating the SCA3 zebrafish with SB and chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, prevented the beneficial effects of SB on zebrafish swimming, indicating that the improved swimming performance was autophagy-dependent. To understand the mechanism by which SB induces autophagy we performed proteomic analysis of protein lysates from the SB-treated and untreated SCA3 SH-SY5Y cells. We found that SB treatment had increased activity of Protein Kinase A and AMPK signaling, with immunoblot analysis confirming that SB treatment had increased levels of AMPK protein and its substrates. Together our findings indicate that treatment with SB can increase activity of the autophagy pathway process and that this has beneficial effects in vitro and in vivo. While our results suggested that this activity may involve activity of a PKA/AMPK-dependent process, this requires further confirmation. We propose that treatment with sodium butyrate warrants further investigation as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases underpinned by mechanisms relating to protein aggregation including SCA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxinne Watchon
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine J Robinson
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luan Luu
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yousun An
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy C Yuan
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stuart K Plenderleith
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Flora Cheng
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily K Don
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Garth A Nicholson
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Albert Lee
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela S Laird
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Chen FM, Li H, Chung DLS, Mak ATL, Leung FP, Chan HYE, Wong WT. IL-4/STAT6 axis observed to reverse proliferative defect in SCA3 patient-derived neural progenitor cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2024; 51:30-39. [PMID: 37933553 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia 3 (SCA3) is an incurable, neurodegenerative genetic disorder that leads to progressive cerebellar ataxia and other parkinsonian-like pathologies because of loss of cerebellar neurons. The role of an expanded polyglutamine aggregate on neural progenitor cells is unknown. Here, we show that SCA3 patient-specific induced neural progenitor cells (iNPCs) exhibit proliferative defects. Moreover, SCA3 iNPCs have reduced autophagic expression compared to control. Furthermore, although SCA3 iNPCs continue to proliferate, they do not survive subsequent passages compared to control iNPCs, indicating the likelihood that SCA3 iNPCs undergo rapid senescence. Exposure to interleukin-4 (IL-4), a type 2 cytokine produced by immune cells, resulted in an observed increase in expression of autophagic programs and a reduction in the proliferation defect observed in SCA3 iNPCs. Our results indicate a previously unobserved role of SCA3 disease ontology on the neural stem cell pool and a potential therapeutic strategy using IL-4 to ameliorate or delay disease pathology in the SCA3 neural progenitor cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huixian Li
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dittman Lai-Shun Chung
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Angel T L Mak
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fung Ping Leung
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Yin Edwin Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Nexus of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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17
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Wu Y, Chen Y, Yu X, Zhang M, Li Z. Towards Understanding Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:443. [PMID: 38203614 PMCID: PMC10778690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The elevated occurrence of debilitating neurodegenerative disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), demands urgent disease-modifying therapeutics. Owing to the evolutionarily conserved molecular signalling pathways with mammalian species and facile genetic manipulation, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) emerges as a powerful and manipulative model system for mechanistic insights into neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we review several representative C. elegans models established for five common neurodegenerative diseases, which closely simulate disease phenotypes specifically in the gain-of-function aspect. We exemplify applications of high-throughput genetic and drug screenings to illustrate the potential of C. elegans to probe novel therapeutic targets. This review highlights the utility of C. elegans as a comprehensive and versatile platform for the dissection of neurodegenerative diseases at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhaoyu Li
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (X.Y.); (M.Z.)
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18
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Sujkowski AL, Ranxhi B, Prifti MV, Alam N, Todi SV, Tsou WL. Progressive degeneration in a new Drosophila model of Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 7. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3592641. [PMID: 38045332 PMCID: PMC10690306 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3592641/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from abnormal expansion of polyglutamine (polyQ) in its disease protein, ataxin-7 (ATXN7). ATXN7 is part of Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA), an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional coactivation complex with critical roles in chromatin remodeling, cell signaling, neurodifferentiation, mitochondrial health and autophagy. SCA7 is dominantly inherited and characterized by genetic anticipation and high repeat-length instability. Patients with SCA7 experience progressive ataxia, atrophy, spasticity, and blindness. There is currently no cure for SCA7, and therapies are aimed at alleviating symptoms to increase quality of life. Here, we report novel Drosophila lines of SCA7 with polyQ repeats in wild-type and human disease patient range. We find that ATXN7 expression has age- and polyQ repeat length-dependent reduction in survival and retinal instability, concomitant with increased ATXN7 protein aggregation. These new lines will provide important insight on disease progression that can be used in the future to identify therapeutic targets for SCA7 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bedri Ranxhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
| | - Matthew V Prifti
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
| | - Nadir Alam
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
| | - Sokol V Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
| | - Wei-Ling Tsou
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
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19
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Sujkowski AL, Ranxhi B, Prifti MV, Alam N, Todi SV, Tsou WL. Progressive degeneration in a new Drosophila model of Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 7. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.07.566106. [PMID: 37986914 PMCID: PMC10659390 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.566106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from abnormal expansion of polyglutamine (polyQ) in its disease protein, ataxin-7 (ATXN7). ATXN7 is part of Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA), an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional coactivation complex with critical roles in chromatin remodeling, cell signaling, neurodifferentiation, mitochondrial health and autophagy. SCA7 is dominantly inherited and characterized by genetic anticipation and high repeat-length instability. Patients with SCA7 experience progressive ataxia, atrophy, spasticity, and blindness. There is currently no cure for SCA7, and therapies are aimed at alleviating symptoms to increase quality of life. Here, we report novel Drosophila lines of SCA7 with polyQ repeats in wild-type and human disease patient range. We find that ATXN7 expression has age- and polyQ repeat length-dependent reduction in survival and retinal instability, concomitant with increased ATXN7 protein aggregation. These new lines will provide important insight on disease progression that can be used in the future to identify therapeutic targets for SCA7 patients.
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20
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Raposo M, Hübener-Schmid J, Ferreira AF, Vieira Melo AR, Vasconcelos J, Pires P, Kay T, Garcia-Moreno H, Giunti P, Santana MM, Pereira de Almeida L, Infante J, van de Warrenburg BP, de Vries JJ, Faber J, Klockgether T, Casadei N, Admard J, Schöls L, Riess O, Lima M. Blood transcriptome sequencing identifies biomarkers able to track disease stages in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Brain 2023; 146:4132-4143. [PMID: 37071051 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional dysregulation has been described in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD), an autosomal dominant ataxia caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the ataxin-3 protein. As ataxin-3 is ubiquitously expressed, transcriptional alterations in blood may reflect early changes that start before clinical onset and might serve as peripheral biomarkers in clinical and research settings. Our goal was to describe enriched pathways and report dysregulated genes, which can track disease onset, severity or progression in carriers of the ATXN3 mutation (pre-ataxic subjects and patients). Global dysregulation patterns were identified by RNA sequencing of blood samples from 40 carriers of ATXN3 mutation and 20 controls and further compared with transcriptomic data from post-mortem cerebellum samples of MJD patients and controls. Ten genes-ABCA1, CEP72, PTGDS, SAFB2, SFSWAP, CCDC88C, SH2B1, LTBP4, MEG3 and TSPOAP1-whose expression in blood was altered in the pre-ataxic stage and simultaneously, correlated with ataxia severity in the overt disease stage, were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR in blood samples from an independent set of 170 SCA3/MJD subjects and 57 controls. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated the Gαi signalling and the oestrogen receptor signalling to be similarly affected in blood and cerebellum. SAFB2, SFSWAP and LTBP4 were consistently dysregulated in pre-ataxic subjects compared to controls, displaying a combined discriminatory ability of 79%. In patients, ataxia severity was associated with higher levels of MEG3 and TSPOAP1. We propose expression levels of SAFB2, SFSWAP and LTBP4 as well as MEG3 and TSPOAP1 as stratification markers of SCA3/MJD progression, deserving further validation in longitudinal studies and in independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Raposo
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Jeannette Hübener-Schmid
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ana F Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Ana Rosa Vieira Melo
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - João Vasconcelos
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, 9500-370 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Paula Pires
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital do Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira, 9700-049 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Teresa Kay
- Serviço de Genética Clínica, Hospital D. Estefânia, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hector Garcia-Moreno
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Neurogenetics, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Paola Giunti
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Neurogenetics, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Magda M Santana
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-075, Portugal
| | - Luis Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-075, Portugal
| | - Jon Infante
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bart P van de Warrenburg
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J de Vries
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Faber
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen, 72016 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Admard
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen, 72016 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center for Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72016 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72016 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen, 72016 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
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21
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Stahl F, Schmitt I, Denner P, de Boni L, Wüllner U, Breuer P. High throughput compound screening in neuronal cells identifies statins as activators of ataxin 3 expression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14911. [PMID: 37689718 PMCID: PMC10492798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) comprise a group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases. SCA3 is the most common form, caused by the expansion of CAG repeats within the ataxin 3 (ATXN3) gene. The mutation results in the expression of an abnormal protein, containing long polyglutamine (polyQ) stretches. The polyQ stretch confers a toxic gain of function and leads to misfolding and aggregation of ATXN3 in neurons. Thus, modulators of ATXN3 expression could potentially ameliorate the pathology in SCA3 patients. Therefore, we generated a CRISPR/Cas9 modified ATXN3-Exon4-Luciferase (ATXN3-LUC) genomic fusion- and control cell lines to perform a reporter cell line-based high-throughput screen comprising 2640 bioactive compounds, including the FDA approved drugs. We found no unequivocal inhibitors of, but identified statins as activators of the LUC signal in the ATXN3-LUC screening cell line. We further confirmed that Simvastatin treatment of wild type SK-N-SH cells increases ATXN3 mRNA and protein levels which likely results from direct binding of the activated sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) to the ATXN3 promotor. Finally, we observed an increase of normal and expanded ATXN3 protein levels in a patient-derived cell line upon Simvastatin treatment, underscoring the potential medical relevance of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Stahl
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, DZNE, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, NRW, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Ina Schmitt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Philip Denner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, DZNE, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Laura de Boni
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, NRW, Germany
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, DZNE, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, NRW, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, NRW, Germany.
| | - Peter Breuer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, DZNE, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, NRW, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, NRW, Germany.
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22
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Hernández‐Carralero E, Cabrera E, Rodríguez-Torres G, Hernández-Reyes Y, Singh A, Santa-María C, Fernández-Justel J, Janssens R, Marteijn J, Evert B, Mailand N, Gómez M, Ramadan K, Smits VJ, Freire R. ATXN3 controls DNA replication and transcription by regulating chromatin structure. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:5396-5413. [PMID: 36971114 PMCID: PMC10287915 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The deubiquitinating enzyme Ataxin-3 (ATXN3) contains a polyglutamine (PolyQ) region, the expansion of which causes spinocerebellar ataxia type-3 (SCA3). ATXN3 has multiple functions, such as regulating transcription or controlling genomic stability after DNA damage. Here we report the role of ATXN3 in chromatin organization during unperturbed conditions, in a catalytic-independent manner. The lack of ATXN3 leads to abnormalities in nuclear and nucleolar morphology, alters DNA replication timing and increases transcription. Additionally, indicators of more open chromatin, such as increased mobility of histone H1, changes in epigenetic marks and higher sensitivity to micrococcal nuclease digestion were detected in the absence of ATXN3. Interestingly, the effects observed in cells lacking ATXN3 are epistatic to the inhibition or lack of the histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), an interaction partner of ATXN3. The absence of ATXN3 decreases the recruitment of endogenous HDAC3 to the chromatin, as well as the HDAC3 nuclear/cytoplasm ratio after HDAC3 overexpression, suggesting that ATXN3 controls the subcellular localization of HDAC3. Importantly, the overexpression of a PolyQ-expanded version of ATXN3 behaves as a null mutant, altering DNA replication parameters, epigenetic marks and the subcellular distribution of HDAC3, giving new insights into the molecular basis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Hernández‐Carralero
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad de la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Elisa Cabrera
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Gara Rodríguez-Torres
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad de la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Yeray Hernández-Reyes
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad de la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Abhay N Singh
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cristina Santa-María
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Fernández-Justel
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roel C Janssens
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen A Marteijn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd O Evert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Niels Mailand
- Protein Signaling Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - María Gómez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kristijan Ramadan
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Veronique A J Smits
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Raimundo Freire
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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23
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Ferreira AF, Raposo M, Shaw ED, Ashraf NS, Medeiros F, Brilhante MDF, Perkins M, Vasconcelos J, Kay T, Costa MDC, Lima M. Tissue-Specific Vulnerability to Apoptosis in Machado-Joseph Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1404. [PMID: 37408238 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is a dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the ATXN3 gene encoding the ataxin-3 protein. Several cellular processes, including transcription and apoptosis, are disrupted in MJD. To gain further insights into the extent of dysregulation of mitochondrial apoptosis in MJD and to evaluate if expression alterations of specific apoptosis genes/proteins can be used as transcriptional biomarkers of disease, the expression levels of BCL2, BAX and TP53 and the BCL2/BAX ratio (an indicator of susceptibility to apoptosis) were assessed in blood and post-mortem brain samples from MJD subjects and MJD transgenic mice and controls. While patients show reduced levels of blood BCL2 transcripts, this measurement displays low accuracy to discriminate patients from matched controls. However, increased levels of blood BAX transcripts and decreased BCL2/BAX ratio are associated with earlier onset of disease, indicating a possible association with MJD pathogenesis. Post-mortem MJD brains show increased BCL2/BAX transcript ratio in the dentate cerebellar nucleus (DCN) and increased BCL2/BAX insoluble protein ratio in the DCN and pons, suggesting that in these regions, severely affected by degeneration in MJD, cells show signs of apoptosis resistance. Interestingly, a follow-up study of 18 patients further shows that blood BCL2 and TP53 transcript levels increase over time in MJD patients. Furthermore, while the similar levels of blood BCL2, BAX, and TP53 transcripts observed in preclinical subjects and controls is mimicked by pre-symptomatic MJD mice, the expression profile of these genes in patient brains is partially replicated by symptomatic MJD mice. Globally, our findings indicate that there is tissue-specific vulnerability to apoptosis in MJD subjects and that this tissue-dependent behavior is partially replicated in a MJD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Raposo
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Emily D Shaw
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Naila S Ashraf
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Filipa Medeiros
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Maria de Fátima Brilhante
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Centro de Estatística e Aplicações, Universidade de Lisboa (CEAUL), 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Matthew Perkins
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - João Vasconcelos
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo (HDES), 9500-370 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Teresa Kay
- Serviço de Genética Clínica, Hospital D. Estefânia, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria do Carmo Costa
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Manuela Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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24
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Gamage HKAH, Robinson KJ, Luu L, Paulsen IT, Laird AS. Machado Joseph disease severity is linked with gut microbiota alterations in transgenic mice. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106051. [PMID: 36822548 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests the presence of bidirectional interactions between the central nervous system and gut microbiota that may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the potential role of gut microbes in forms of spinocerebellar ataxia, such as the fatal neurodegenerative disease Machado Joseph disease (MJD), remains unexplored. Here, we examined whether gut microbiota alterations may be an early disease phenotype of MJD. We profiled the gut microbiota of male and female transgenic MJD mice (CMVMJD135) expressing human ATXN3 with expanded CAG repeats (133-143 CAG) at pre-symptomatic, symptomatic and well-established stages of the disease (7, 11 and 15 weeks of age, respectively). We compared these profiles with the gut microbiota of male and female wild-type (WT) littermate control mice at same ages. Correlation network analyses were employed to explore the relevance of microbiota changes to disease progression. The results demontrated distinct sex-dependent effects in disease development whereby male MJD mice displayed earlier motor impairments than female MJD mice. The gut microbiota community structure and composition also demonstrated sex-specific differences between MJD and WT mice. In both male and female MJD mice, the shifts in the microbiota were present by 7 weeks, before the onset of any symptoms. These pre-symptomatic microbial changes correlated with the severity of neurological impairments present at later stages of the disease. Previous efforts towards developing treatments for MJD have failed to yield meaningful outcomes. Our study reports a novel relationship between the gut microbiota and MJD development and severity. Elucidating how gut microbes are involved in MJD pathogenesis may offer new and efficacious treatment strategies for this currently untreatable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasinika K A H Gamage
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia's Bioactives, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Katherine J Robinson
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Luan Luu
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ian T Paulsen
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia's Bioactives, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Angela S Laird
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
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25
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Santana MM, Gaspar LS, Pinto MM, Silva P, Adão D, Pereira D, Ribeiro JA, Cunha I, Huebener‐Schmid J, Raposo M, Ferreira AF, Faber J, Kuhs S, Garcia‐Moreno H, Reetz K, Thieme A, Infante J, van de Warrenburg BPC, Giunti P, Riess O, Schöls L, Lima M, Klockgether T, Januário C, de Almeida LP. A standardised protocol for blood and cerebrospinal fluid collection and processing for biomarker research in ataxia. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12892. [PMID: 36798010 PMCID: PMC10947376 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The European Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3/Machado-Joseph Disease Initiative (ESMI) is a consortium established with the ambition to set up the largest European longitudinal trial-ready cohort of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3/Machado-Joseph Disease (SCA3/MJD), the most common autosomal dominantly inherited ataxia worldwide. A major focus of ESMI has been the identification of SCA3/MJD biomarkers to enable future interventional studies. As biosample collection and processing variables significantly impact the outcomes of biomarkers studies, biosampling procedures standardisation was done previously to study visit initiation. Here, we describe the ESMI consensus biosampling protocol, developed within the scope of ESMI, that ultimately might be translated to other neurodegenerative disorders, particularly ataxias, being the first step to protocol harmonisation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda M. Santana
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary ResearchUniversity of Coimbra (IIIUC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Laetitia S. Gaspar
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary ResearchUniversity of Coimbra (IIIUC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Maria M. Pinto
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Coimbra (FFUC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Patrick Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary ResearchUniversity of Coimbra (IIIUC)CoimbraPortugal
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Coimbra (FFUC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Diana Adão
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Dina Pereira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary ResearchUniversity of Coimbra (IIIUC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Joana Afonso Ribeiro
- Neurology Department, Child Development CentreCoimbra's Hospital and University Centre (CHUC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Inês Cunha
- Department of NeurologyCoimbra University Hospital Center (CHUC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Jeannette Huebener‐Schmid
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied GenomicsUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Centre for Rare DiseasesUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Mafalda Raposo
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S)Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT)Universidade dos Açores (UAc)Ponta DelgadaPortugal
| | - Ana F. Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT)Universidade dos Açores (UAc)Ponta DelgadaPortugal
| | - Jennifer Faber
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Sandra Kuhs
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
| | - Hector Garcia‐Moreno
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Neurogenetics, National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- Department of NeurologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
- JARA‐BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and NeuroimagingForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Andreas Thieme
- Department of NeurologyEssen University HospitalEssenGermany
- Center for Translational Neuro‐ and Behavioral Sciences (C‐TNBS), Essen University HospitalUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Jon Infante
- Service of NeurologyUniversity Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria (UC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)SantanderSpain
| | - Bart P. C. van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical CentreDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Paola Giunti
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Neurogenetics, National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied GenomicsUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Centre for Rare DiseasesUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie‐Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)TübingenGermany
| | - Manuela Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT)Universidade dos Açores (UAc)Ponta DelgadaPortugal
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Cristina Januário
- Department of NeurologyCoimbra University Hospital Center (CHUC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Coimbra (FFUC)CoimbraPortugal
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26
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Reid KM, Steel D, Nair S, Bhate S, Biassoni L, Sudhakar S, Heys M, Burke E, Kamsteeg EJ, Hameed B, Zech M, Mencacci NE, Barwick K, Topf M, Kurian MA. Loss-of-Function Variants in DRD1 in Infantile Parkinsonism-Dystonia. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071046. [PMID: 37048120 PMCID: PMC10093404 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human dopaminergic system is vital for a broad range of neurological processes, including the control of voluntary movement. Here we report a proband presenting with clinical features of dopamine deficiency: severe infantile parkinsonism-dystonia, characterised by frequent oculogyric crises, dysautonomia and global neurodevelopmental impairment. CSF neurotransmitter analysis was unexpectedly normal. Triome whole-genome sequencing revealed a homozygous variant (c.110C>A, (p.T37K)) in DRD1, encoding the most abundant dopamine receptor (D1) in the central nervous system, most highly expressed in the striatum. This variant was absent from gnomAD, with a CADD score of 27.5. Using an in vitro heterologous expression system, we determined that DRD1-T37K results in loss of protein function. Structure-function modelling studies predicted reduced substrate binding, which was confirmed in vitro. Exposure of mutant protein to the selective D1 agonist Chloro APB resulted in significantly reduced cyclic AMP levels. Numerous D1 agonists failed to rescue the cellular defect, reflected clinically in the patient, who had no benefit from dopaminergic therapy. Our study identifies DRD1 as a new disease-associated gene, suggesting a crucial role for the D1 receptor in motor control.
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27
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Sousa e Silva R, Sousa AD, Vieira J, Vieira CP. The Josephin domain (JD) containing proteins are predicted to bind to the same interactors: Implications for spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) studies using Drosophila melanogaster mutants. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1140719. [PMID: 37008788 PMCID: PMC10050893 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1140719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, also known as Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/ MJD), is the most frequent polyglutamine (polyQ) neurodegenerative disorder. It is caused by a pathogenic expansion of the polyQ tract, located at the C-terminal region of the protein encoded by the ATXN3 gene. This gene codes for a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) that belongs to a gene family, that in humans is composed by three more genes (ATXN3L, JOSD1, and JOSD2), that define two gene lineages (the ATXN3 and the Josephins). These proteins have in common the N-terminal catalytic domain (Josephin domain, JD), that in Josephins is the only domain present. In ATXN3 knock-out mouse and nematode models, the SCA3 neurodegeneration phenotype is not, however, reproduced, suggesting that in the genome of these species there are other genes that are able to compensate for the lack of ATXN3. Moreover, in mutant Drosophila melanogaster, where the only JD protein is coded by a Josephin-like gene, expression of the expanded human ATXN3 gene reproduces multiple aspects of the SCA3 phenotype, in contrast with the results of the expression of the wild type human form. In order to explain these findings, phylogenetic, as well as, protein–protein docking inferences are here performed. Here we show multiple losses of JD containing genes across the animal kingdom, suggesting partial functional redundancy of these genes. Accordingly, we predict that the JD is essential for binding with ataxin-3 and proteins of the Josephin lineages, and that D. melanogaster mutants are a good model of SCA3 despite the absence of a gene from the ATXN3 lineage. The molecular recognition regions of the ataxin-3 binding and those predicted for the Josephins are, however, different. We also report different binding regions between the two ataxin-3 forms (wild-type (wt) and expanded (exp)). The interactors that show an increase in the interaction strength with exp ataxin-3, are enriched in extrinsic components of mitochondrial outer membrane and endoplasmatic reticulum membrane. On the other hand, the group of interactors that show a decrease in the interaction strength with exp ataxin-3 is significantly enriched in extrinsic component of cytoplasm.
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28
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Schuster KH, DiFranco DM, Putka AF, Mato JP, Jarrah SI, Stec NR, Sundararajan VO, McLoughlin HS. Disease-associated oligodendrocyte signatures are spatiotemporally dysregulated in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1118429. [PMID: 36875652 PMCID: PMC9975394 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1118429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the ATXN3 gene. Though the ATXN3 protein is expressed ubiquitously throughout the CNS, regional pathology in SCA3 patients is observed within select neuronal populations and more recently within oligodendrocyte-rich white matter tracts. We have previously recapitulated these white matter abnormalities in an overexpression mouse model of SCA3 and demonstrated that oligodendrocyte maturation impairments are one of the earliest and most progressive changes in SCA3 pathogenesis. Disease-associated oligodendrocyte signatures have recently emerged as significant contributors to several other neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease, but their role in regional vulnerability and disease progression remains unexplored. Here, we are the first to comparatively assess myelination in human tissue in a region-dependent manner. Translating these findings to SCA3 mouse models of disease, we confirmed endogenous expression of mutant Atxn3 leads to regional transcriptional dysregulation of oligodendrocyte maturation markers in Knock-In models of SCA3. We then investigated the spatiotemporal progression of mature oligodendrocyte transcriptional dysregulation in an overexpression SCA3 mouse model and how it relates to the onset of motor impairment. We further determined that regional reduction in mature oligodendrocyte cell counts in SCA3 mice over time parallels the onset and progression of brain atrophy in SCA3 patients. This work emphasizes the prospective contributions of disease-associated oligodendrocyte signatures to regional vulnerability and could inform timepoints and target regions imperative for biomarker assessment and therapeutic intervention in several neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen H. Schuster
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Alexandra F. Putka
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Juan P. Mato
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sabrina I. Jarrah
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nicholas R. Stec
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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29
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Luo H, Todi SV, Paulson HL, Costa MDC. Regional and age-dependent changes in ubiquitination in cellular and mouse models of Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.01.526671. [PMID: 36891289 PMCID: PMC9993976 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machadoâ€"Joseph disease, is the most common dominantly inherited ataxia. SCA3 is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the ATXN3 gene that encodes an expanded tract of polyglutamine (polyQ) in the disease protein ataxin-3 (ATXN3). As a deubiquitinating enzyme, ATXN3 regulates numerous cellular processes including proteasome- and autophagy-mediated protein degradation. In SCA3 disease brain, polyQ-expanded ATXN3 accumulates with other cellular constituents, including ubiquitin (Ub)-modified proteins, in select areas like the cerebellum and the brainstem, but whether pathogenic ATXN3 affects the abundance of ubiquitinated species is unknown. Here, in mouse and cellular models of SCA3, we investigated whether elimination of murine Atxn3 or expression of wild-type or polyQ-expanded human ATXN3 alters soluble levels of overall ubiquitination, as well as K48-linked (K48-Ub) and K63-linked (K63-Ub) chains. Levels of ubiquitination were assessed in the cerebellum and brainstem of 7- and 47-week-old Atxn3 knockout and SCA3 transgenic mice, and also in relevant mouse and human cell lines. In older mice, we observed that wild-type ATXN3 impacts the cerebellar levels of K48-Ub proteins. In contrast, pathogenic ATXN3 leads to decreased brainstem abundance of K48-Ub species in younger mice and changes in both cerebellar and brainstem K63-Ub levels in an age-dependent manner: younger SCA3 mice have higher levels of K63-Ub while older mice have lower levels of K63-Ub compared to controls. Human SCA3 neuronal progenitor cells also show a relative increase in K63-Ub proteins upon autophagy inhibition. We conclude that wild-type and mutant ATXN3 differentially impact K48-Ub- and K63-Ub-modified proteins in the brain in a region- and age-dependent manner.
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30
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Lima M, Raposo M, Ferreira A, Melo ARV, Pavão S, Medeiros F, Teves L, Gonzalez C, Lemos J, Pires P, Lopes P, Valverde D, Gonzalez J, Kay T, Vasconcelos J. The Homogeneous Azorean Machado-Joseph Disease Cohort: Characterization and Contributions to Advances in Research. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020247. [PMID: 36830784 PMCID: PMC9953730 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD)/spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most common autosomal dominant ataxia worldwide. MJD is characterized by late-onset progressive cerebellar ataxia associated with variable clinical findings, including pyramidal signs and a dystonic-rigid extrapyramidal syndrome. In the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores, the worldwide population cluster for this disorder (prevalence of 39 in 100,000 inhabitants), a cohort of MJD mutation carriers belonging to extensively studied pedigrees has been followed since the late 1990s. Studies of the homogeneous Azorean MJD cohort have been contributing crucial information to the natural history of this disease as well as allowing the identification of novel molecular biomarkers. Moreover, as interventional studies for this globally rare and yet untreatable disease are emerging, this cohort should be even more important for the recruitment of trial participants. In this paper, we profile the Azorean cohort of MJD carriers, constituted at baseline by 20 pre-ataxic carriers and 52 patients, which currently integrates the European spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease Initiative (ESMI), a large European longitudinal MJD cohort. Moreover, we summarize the main studies based on this cohort and highlight the contributions made to advances in MJD research. Knowledge of the profile of the Azorean MJD cohort is not only important in the context of emergent interventional trials but is also pertinent for the implementation of adequate interventional measures, constituting relevant information for Lay Associations and providing data to guide healthcare decision makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Mafalda Raposo
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rosa Vieira Melo
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Pavão
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Filipa Medeiros
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Luís Teves
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gonzalez
- Serviço de Psicologia Clínica, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, 9500-370 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - João Lemos
- Unidade de Psicologia Clínica, Hospital do Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira, 9700-049 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Paula Pires
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital do Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira, 9700-049 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Pedro Lopes
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, 9500-370 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - David Valverde
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Unidade de Saúde da Ilha das Flores, 9500-370 Santa Cruz das Flores, Portugal
| | - José Gonzalez
- Augenarztpraxis Petrescu Wuppertal, Department of Ophthalmology, 42389 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Teresa Kay
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital D. Estefânia, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Vasconcelos
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Hospital Internacional dos Açores (HIA), 9560-421 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
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31
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Prifti MV, Libohova K, Harris AL, Tsou WL, Todi SV. Ubiquitin-binding site 1 of pathogenic ataxin-3 regulates its toxicity in Drosophila models of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1112688. [PMID: 36733922 PMCID: PMC9887036 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1112688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 (SCA3) is a member of the family of polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases that are caused by anomalous CAG triplet repeat expansions in several genes. SCA3 results from abnormal polyQ expansion in the deubiquitinase (DUB), ataxin-3 (Atxn3). To understand the role of the different domains of mutant Atxn3 on its pathogenicity, with the hope that they can be explored for therapeutic interventions, we have systematically studied their individual and collective effects on its toxicity. One such domain is ubiquitin-binding site 1 (UbS1) on the catalytic domain of Atxn3; UbS1 is necessary for the enzymatic activity of Atxn3. Here, we investigated the importance of UbS1 on the toxicity of pathogenic Atxn3. We generated transgenic Drosophila melanogaster lines that express polyQ-expanded Atxn3 with and without a functional UbS1. We found that mutating UbS1 markedly exacerbates the toxicity of pathogenic Atxn3. Additional studies indicated that UbS1 regulates the toxicity of Atxn3 not by affecting its aggregation or sub-cellular localization, but by impacting its role in ubiquitin processing. Our findings provide additional insights into the role of Atxn3's domains in the pathogenicity of SCA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V. Prifti
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Kozeta Libohova
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Autumn L. Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States,Maximizing Access to Research Careers Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Wei-Ling Tsou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sokol V. Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States,Maximizing Access to Research Careers Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Sokol V. Todi,
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32
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Luo H, Todi SV, Paulson HL, Costa MDC. Regional and age-dependent changes in ubiquitination in cellular and mouse models of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1154203. [PMID: 37122622 PMCID: PMC10140444 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1154203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado-Joseph disease, is the most common dominantly inherited ataxia. SCA3 is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the ATXN3 gene that encodes an expanded tract of polyglutamine in the disease protein ataxin-3 (ATXN3). As a deubiquitinating enzyme, ATXN3 regulates numerous cellular processes including proteasome- and autophagy-mediated protein degradation. In SCA3 disease brain, polyQ-expanded ATXN3 accumulates with other cellular constituents, including ubiquitin (Ub)-modified proteins, in select areas like the cerebellum and the brainstem, but whether pathogenic ATXN3 affects the abundance of ubiquitinated species is unknown. Here, in mouse and cellular models of SCA3, we investigated whether elimination of murine Atxn3 or expression of wild-type or polyQ-expanded human ATXN3 alters soluble levels of overall ubiquitination, as well as K48-linked (K48-Ub) and K63-linked (K63-Ub) chains. Levels of ubiquitination were assessed in the cerebellum and brainstem of 7- and 47-week-old Atxn3 knockout and SCA3 transgenic mice, and also in relevant mouse and human cell lines. In older mice, we observed that wild-type ATXN3 impacts the cerebellar levels of K48-Ub proteins. In contrast, pathogenic ATXN3 leads to decreased brainstem abundance of K48-Ub species in younger mice and changes in both cerebellar and brainstem K63-Ub levels in an age-dependent manner: younger SCA3 mice have higher levels of K63-Ub while older mice have lower levels of K63-Ub compared to controls. Human SCA3 neuronal progenitor cells also show a relative increase in K63-Ub proteins upon autophagy inhibition. We conclude that wild-type and mutant ATXN3 differentially impact K48-Ub- and K63-Ub-modified proteins in the brain in a region- and age-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Luo
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Sokol V. Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Henry L. Paulson
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Henry L. Paulson, ; Maria do Carmo Costa,
| | - Maria do Carmo Costa
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Henry L. Paulson, ; Maria do Carmo Costa,
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33
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Kim HY, Hong S. Multi-Faceted Roles of DNAJB Protein in Cancer Metastasis and Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14970. [PMID: 36499297 PMCID: PMC9737691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved molecular chaperones with diverse cellular activities, including protein folding, assembly or disassembly of protein complexes, and maturation process under diverse stress conditions. HSPs also play essential roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance across cancers. Among them, HSP40s are widely accepted as regulators of HSP70/HSP90 chaperones and an accumulating number of biological functions as molecular chaperones dependent or independent of either of these chaperones. Despite large numbers of HSP40s, little is known about their physiologic roles, specifically in cancer progression. This article summarizes the multi-faceted role of DNAJB proteins as one subclass of the HSP40 family in cancer development and metastasis. Regulation and deregulation of DNAJB proteins at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels contribute to tumor progression, particularly cancer metastasis. Furthermore, understanding differences in function and regulating mechanism between DNAJB proteins offers a new perspective on tumorigenesis and metastasis to improve therapeutic opportunities for malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Youn Kim
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, 155 Gaetbel-ro Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Suntaek Hong
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, 155 Gaetbel-ro Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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34
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Mitra S, Dash R, Munni YA, Selsi NJ, Akter N, Uddin MN, Mazumder K, Moon IS. Natural Products Targeting Hsp90 for a Concurrent Strategy in Glioblastoma and Neurodegeneration. Metabolites 2022; 12:1153. [PMID: 36422293 PMCID: PMC9697676 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common aggressive, resistant, and invasive primary brain tumors that share neurodegenerative actions, resembling many neurodegenerative diseases. Although multiple conventional approaches, including chemoradiation, are more frequent in GBM therapy, these approaches are ineffective in extending the mean survival rate and are associated with various side effects, including neurodegeneration. This review proposes an alternative strategy for managing GBM and neurodegeneration by targeting heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). Hsp90 is a well-known molecular chaperone that plays essential roles in maintaining and stabilizing protein folding to degradation in protein homeostasis and modulates signaling in cancer and neurodegeneration by regulating many client protein substrates. The therapeutic benefits of Hsp90 inhibition are well-known for several malignancies, and recent evidence highlights that Hsp90 inhibitors potentially inhibit the aggressiveness of GBM, increasing the sensitivity of conventional treatment and providing neuroprotection in various neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, the overview of Hsp90 modulation in GBM and neurodegeneration progress has been discussed with a summary of recent outcomes on Hsp90 inhibition in various GBM models and neurodegeneration. Particular emphasis is also given to natural Hsp90 inhibitors that have been evidenced to show dual protection in both GBM and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mitra
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeasmin Akter Munni
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Nusrat Jahan Selsi
- Product Development Department, Popular Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Nasrin Akter
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Molecular Pharmacology, East West University Bangladesh, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazim Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Kishor Mazumder
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
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35
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The equilibrium of tumor suppression: DUBs as active regulators of PTEN. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1814-1821. [PMID: 36385557 PMCID: PMC9723170 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00887-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN is among the most commonly lost or mutated tumor suppressor genes in human cancer. PTEN, a bona fide lipid phosphatase that antagonizes the highly oncogenic PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, is considered a major dose-dependent tumor suppressor. Although PTEN function can be compromised by genetic mutations in inherited syndromes and cancers, posttranslational modifications of PTEN may also play key roles in the dynamic regulation of its function. Notably, deregulated ubiquitination and deubiquitination lead to detrimental impacts on PTEN levels and subcellular partitioning, promoting tumorigenesis. While PTEN can be targeted by HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases for nuclear import and proteasomal degradation, studies have shown that several deubiquitinating enzymes, including HAUSP/USP7, USP10, USP11, USP13, OTUD3 and Ataxin-3, can remove ubiquitin from ubiquitinated PTEN in cancer-specific contexts and thus reverse ubiquitination-mediated PTEN regulation. Researchers continue to reveal the precise molecular mechanisms by which cancer-specific deubiquitinases of PTEN regulate its roles in the pathobiology of cancer, and new methods of pharmacologically for modulating PTEN deubiquitinases are critical areas of investigation for cancer treatment and prevention. Here, we assess the mechanisms and functions of deubiquitination as a recently appreciated mode of PTEN regulation and review the link between deubiquitinases and PTEN reactivation and its implications for therapeutic strategies.
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Tsimpanouli ME, Ghimire A, Barget AJ, Weston R, Paulson HL, Costa MDC, Watson BO. Sleep Alterations in a Mouse Model of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193132. [PMID: 36231095 PMCID: PMC9563426 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a neurodegenerative disorder showing progressive neuronal loss in several brain areas and a broad spectrum of motor and non-motor symptoms, including ataxia and altered sleep. While sleep disturbances are known to play pathophysiologic roles in other neurodegenerative disorders, their impact on SCA3 is unknown. Using spectrographic measurements, we sought to quantitatively characterize sleep electroencephalography (EEG) in SCA3 transgenic mice with confirmed disease phenotype. We first measured motor phenotypes in 18-31-week-old homozygous SCA3 YACMJD84.2 mice and non-transgenic wild-type littermate mice during lights-on and lights-off periods. We next implanted electrodes to obtain 12-h (zeitgeber time 0-12) EEG recordings for three consecutive days when the mice were 26-36 weeks old. EEG-based spectroscopy showed that compared to wild-type littermates, SCA3 homozygous mice display: (i) increased duration of rapid-eye movement sleep (REM) and fragmentation in all sleep and wake states; (ii) higher beta power oscillations during REM and non-REM (NREM); and (iii) additional spectral power band alterations during REM and wake. Our data show that sleep architecture and EEG spectral power are dysregulated in homozygous SCA3 mice, indicating that common sleep-related etiologic factors may underlie mouse and human SCA3 phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Efstratia Tsimpanouli
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: (M.-E.T.); (M.d.C.C.); (B.O.W.)
| | - Anjesh Ghimire
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anna J. Barget
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ridge Weston
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Henry L. Paulson
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maria do Carmo Costa
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: (M.-E.T.); (M.d.C.C.); (B.O.W.)
| | - Brendon O. Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: (M.-E.T.); (M.d.C.C.); (B.O.W.)
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Kumar P, Kumar P, Mandal D, Velayutham R. The emerging role of Deubiquitinases (DUBs) in parasites: A foresight review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:985178. [PMID: 36237424 PMCID: PMC9552668 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.985178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Before the discovery of the proteasome complex, the lysosomes with acidic proteases and caspases in apoptotic pathways were thought to be the only pathways for the degradation of damaged, unfolded, and aged proteins. However, the discovery of 26S and 20S proteasome complexes in eukaryotes and microbes, respectively, established that the degradation of most proteins is a highly regulated ATP-dependent pathway that is significantly conserved across each domain of life. The proteasome is part of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), where the covalent tagging of a small molecule called ubiquitin (Ub) on the proteins marks its proteasomal degradation. The type and chain length of ubiquitination further determine whether a protein is designated for further roles in multi-cellular processes like DNA repair, trafficking, signal transduction, etc., or whether it will be degraded by the proteasome to recycle the peptides and amino acids. Deubiquitination, on the contrary, is the removal of ubiquitin from its substrate molecule or the conversion of polyubiquitin chains into monoubiquitin as a precursor to ubiquitin. Therefore, deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) can maintain the dynamic state of cellular ubiquitination by releasing conjugated ubiquitin from proteins and controlling many cellular pathways that are essential for their survival. Many DUBs are well characterized in the human system with potential drug targets in different cancers. Although, proteasome complex and UPS of parasites, like plasmodium and leishmania, were recently coined as multi-stage drug targets the role of DUBs is completely unexplored even though structural domains and functions of many of these parasite DUBs are conserved having high similarity even with its eukaryotic counterpart. This review summarizes the identification & characterization of different parasite DUBs based on in silico and a few functional studies among different phylogenetic classes of parasites including Metazoan (Schistosoma, Trichinella), Apicomplexan protozoans (Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Eimeria, Cryptosporidium), Kinetoplastidie (Leishmania, Trypanosoma) and Microsporidia (Nosema). The identification of different homologs of parasite DUBs with structurally similar domains with eukaryotes, and the role of these DUBs alone or in combination with the 20S proteosome complex in regulating the parasite survival/death is further elaborated. We propose that small molecules/inhibitors of human DUBs can be potential antiparasitic agents due to their significant structural conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Debabrata Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
- *Correspondence: Ravichandiran Velayutham, ; Debabrata Mandal,
| | - Ravichandiran Velayutham
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
- *Correspondence: Ravichandiran Velayutham, ; Debabrata Mandal,
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Johnson SL, Tsou WL, Prifti MV, Harris AL, Todi SV. A survey of protein interactions and posttranslational modifications that influence the polyglutamine diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:974167. [PMID: 36187346 PMCID: PMC9515312 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.974167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence and aggregation of misfolded proteins has deleterious effects in the nervous system. Among the various diseases caused by misfolded proteins is the family of the polyglutamine (polyQ) disorders. This family comprises nine members, all stemming from the same mutation—the abnormal elongation of a polyQ repeat in nine different proteins—which causes protein misfolding and aggregation, cellular dysfunction and disease. While it is the same type of mutation that causes them, each disease is distinct: it is influenced by regions and domains that surround the polyQ repeat; by proteins with which they interact; and by posttranslational modifications they receive. Here, we overview the role of non-polyQ regions that control the pathogenicity of the expanded polyQ repeat. We begin by introducing each polyQ disease, the genes affected, and the symptoms experienced by patients. Subsequently, we provide a survey of protein-protein interactions and posttranslational modifications that regulate polyQ toxicity. We conclude by discussing shared processes and pathways that bring some of the polyQ diseases together and may serve as common therapeutic entry points for this family of incurable disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean L. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Wei-Ling Tsou
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Matthew V. Prifti
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Autumn L. Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Maximizing Access to Research Careers (MARC) Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sokol V. Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Maximizing Access to Research Careers (MARC) Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Sokol V. Todi,
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Schuster KH, Putka AF, McLoughlin HS. Pathogenetic Mechanisms Underlying Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 Are Altered in Primary Oligodendrocyte Culture. Cells 2022; 11:2615. [PMID: 36010688 PMCID: PMC9406561 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has implicated non-neuronal cells, particularly oligodendrocytes, in the pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease and Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3). We recently demonstrated that cell-autonomous dysfunction of oligodendrocyte maturation is one of the of the earliest and most robust changes in vulnerable regions of the SCA3 mouse brain. However, the cell- and disease-specific mechanisms that underlie oligodendrocyte dysfunction remain poorly understood and are difficult to isolate in vivo. In this study, we used primary oligodendrocyte cultures to determine how known pathogenic SCA3 mechanisms affect this cell type. We isolated oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from 5- to 7-day-old mice that overexpress human mutant ATXN3 or lack mouse ATXN3 and differentiated them for up to 5 days in vitro. Utilizing immunocytochemistry, we characterized the contributions of ATXN3 toxic gain-of-function and loss-of-function in oligodendrocyte maturation, protein quality pathways, DNA damage signaling, and methylation status. We illustrate the utility of primary oligodendrocyte culture for elucidating cell-specific pathway dysregulation relevant to SCA3. Given recent work demonstrating disease-associated oligodendrocyte signatures in other neurodegenerative diseases, this novel model has broad applicability in revealing mechanistic insights of oligodendrocyte contribution to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra F. Putka
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Li J, Peng Y, Tang J, Li M, Zhu M, Zhou M, Fang P, Hong D. Autophagic vacuolar myopathy involving the phenotype of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Neuropathology 2022; 43:135-142. [PMID: 37005010 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a form of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia with a wide range of clinical manifestations, including ataxia and pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs. A few SCA3 patients have been noticed to be predisposed to the development of inclusion body myositis. It is still unknown whether muscle can be primarily involved in the pathogenesis of SCA3. This study reported an SCA3 family in which the index patient initially presented with parkinsonism, sensory ataxia, and distal myopathy but the absence of cerebellar and pyramidal symptoms. The clinical and electrophysiological studies implied a possible combination of distal myopathy and sensory-motor neuropathy or neuronopathy. MRI muscle showed selective fat infiltration and absence of denervated edema-like changes, indicating the distal muscle weakness had a myopathic origin. Muscle pathology showed the myopathic involvement, besides neurogenic involvement, characterized by chronic myopathic changes with multiple autophagic vacuoles. Genetic screening revealed expanded CAG of 61 repeats in the ATXN3 gene, which showed co-segregation in the family. Besides the neurogenic origin, the myopathic origin may be partly attributed to the limb weakness of SCA3 patients, which expands the spectrum of the clinical manifestation of SCA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
- Department of Medical Genetics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Jincai Tang
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Menghua Li
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
- Department of Medical Genetics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Meihong Zhou
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Pu Fang
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Daojun Hong
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
- Department of Medical Genetics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
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Transcription factor EB-mediated mesenchymal stem cell therapy induces autophagy and alleviates spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 defects in neuronal cells model. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:622. [PMID: 35851059 PMCID: PMC9293975 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Defects in ataxin-3 proteins and CAG repeat expansions in its coding gene ATXN3 cause Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 (SCA3) or Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) polyglutamine neurodegenerative disease. The mutant proteins aggregate as inclusion bodies in cells and compete with wild-type ataxin-3, which leads to neuronal dysfunction or death and impairs Beclin1-mediated autophagy. It has been reported that Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can reliably treat several neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we used a Transcription Factor EB (TFEB) nuclear translocation-mediated MSCs co-culture approach to reconstitute autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, and reduce SCA3-like behaviors in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived neuron cells models. Our iPSCs model showed enhanced expression of autophagy proteins, attenuated the expression and toxic effects of mutant ataxin-3 on neurons, and alleviated the effects of ataxin-3 on autophagy. Therefore, MSCs are associated with autophagy-inducing therapy and compared to animal models, our MSCs co-culture could be used as a novel and potential therapeutic approach to study SCA3 disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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KPNB1 modulates the Machado-Joseph disease protein ataxin-3 through activation of the mitochondrial protease CLPP. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:401. [PMID: 35794401 PMCID: PMC9259533 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Machado–Joseph disease (MJD) is characterized by a pathological expansion of the polyglutamine (polyQ) tract within the ataxin-3 protein. Despite its primarily cytoplasmic localization, polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 accumulates in the nucleus and forms intranuclear aggregates in the affected neurons. Due to these histopathological hallmarks, the nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery has garnered attention as an important disease relevant mechanism. Here, we report on MJD cell model-based analysis of the nuclear transport receptor karyopherin subunit beta-1 (KPNB1) and its implications in the molecular pathogenesis of MJD. Although directly interacting with both wild-type and polyQ-expanded ataxin-3, modulating KPNB1 did not alter the intracellular localization of ataxin-3. Instead, overexpression of KPNB1 reduced ataxin-3 protein levels and the aggregate load, thereby improving cell viability. On the other hand, its knockdown and inhibition resulted in the accumulation of soluble and insoluble ataxin-3. Interestingly, the reduction of ataxin-3 was apparently based on protein fragmentation independent of the classical MJD-associated proteolytic pathways. Label-free quantitative proteomics and knockdown experiments identified mitochondrial protease CLPP as a potential mediator of the ataxin-3-degrading effect induced by KPNB1. We confirmed reduction of KPNB1 protein levels in MJD by analyzing two MJD transgenic mouse models and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from MJD patients. Our results reveal a yet undescribed regulatory function of KPNB1 in controlling the turnover of ataxin-3, thereby highlighting a new potential target of therapeutic value for MJD.
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Peng Y, Peng L, Chen Z, Peng H, Wang P, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang C, Shi Y, Hou X, Long Z, Yuan H, Wan N, Wan L, Xu K, Lei L, Wang S, He L, Xie Y, Gong Y, Deng Q, Zou G, Tang Z, Shen L, Xia K, Qiu R, Klockgether T, Tang B, Jiang H. The Natural History of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 in Mainland China: A 2-Year Cohort Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:917126. [PMID: 35865750 PMCID: PMC9294347 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.917126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The natural history of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) has been reported in several populations and shows heterogeneity in progression rate and affecting factors. However, it remains unexplored in the population of Mainland China. This study aimed to identify the disease progression rate and its potential affecting factors in patients with SCA3 in Mainland China. Participants and Methods We enrolled patients with genetically confirmed SCA3 in Mainland China. Patients were seen at three visits, i.e., baseline, 1 year, and 2 years. The primary outcome was the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), and the secondary outcomes were the Inventory of Non-Ataxia Signs (INAS) as well as the SCA Functional Index (SCAFI). Results Between 1 October 2015, and 30 September 2016, we enrolled 263 patients with SCA3. We analyzed 247 patients with at least one follow-up visit. The annual progression rate of SARA was 1.49 points per year (SE 0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33–1.65, p < 0.0001). The annual progression rates of INAS and SCAFI were 0.56 points per year (SE 0.05, 95% CI 0.47–0.66, p < 0.001) and −0.30 points per year (SE 0.01, 95% CI −0.33∼-0.28, p < 0.001), respectively. Faster progression in SARA was associated with longer length of the expanded allele of ATXN3 (p < 0.0001); faster progression in INAS was associated with lower INAS at baseline (p < 0.0001); faster decline in SCAFI was associated with shorter length of the normal allele of ATXN3 (p = 0.036) and higher SCAFI at baseline (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Our results provide quantitative data on the disease progression of patients with SCA3 in Mainland China and its corresponding affecting factors, which could facilitate the sample size calculation and patient stratification in future clinical trials. Trial Registration This study was registered with Chictr.org on 15 September 2015, number ChiCTR-OOC-15007124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linliu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huirong Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Puzhi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangping Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chunrong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Long
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linlin Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Keqin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijing Lei
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lang He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqing Gong
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Deng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangdong Zou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhichao Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Jiang,
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Altered retinal structure and function in Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 170:105774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Yinghong Y, Qian L, Bing S, Yingjun X, Wenzhi H, Bangzhu C, Xiaofang S. Generation of two induced pluripotent stem cell lines, GZHMCi009-A and GZHMCi010-A, derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two SCA3 patients with 14/74 CAG repeats of the ATXN3 mutation. Stem Cell Res 2022; 61:102782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Johnson SL, Prifti MV, Sujkowski A, Libohova K, Blount JR, Hong L, Tsou WL, Todi SV. Drosophila as a Model of Unconventional Translation in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071223. [PMID: 35406787 PMCID: PMC8997593 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA toxicity contributes to diseases caused by anomalous nucleotide repeat expansions. Recent work demonstrated RNA-based toxicity from repeat-associated, non-AUG-initiated translation (RAN translation). RAN translation occurs around long nucleotide repeats that form hairpin loops, allowing for translation initiation in the absence of a start codon that results in potentially toxic, poly-amino acid repeat-containing proteins. Discovered in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type (SCA) 8, RAN translation has been documented in several repeat-expansion diseases, including in the CAG repeat-dependent polyglutamine (polyQ) disorders. The ATXN3 gene, which causes SCA3, also known as Machado–Joseph Disease (MJD), contains a CAG repeat that is expanded in disease. ATXN3 mRNA possesses features linked to RAN translation. In this paper, we examined the potential contribution of RAN translation to SCA3/MJD in Drosophila by using isogenic lines that contain homomeric or interrupted CAG repeats. We did not observe unconventional translation in fly neurons or glia. However, our investigations indicate differential toxicity from ATXN3 protein-encoding mRNA that contains pure versus interrupted CAG repeats. Additional work suggests that this difference may be due in part to toxicity from homomeric CAG mRNA. We conclude that Drosophila is not suitable to model RAN translation for SCA3/MJD, but offers clues into the potential pathogenesis stemming from CAG repeat-containing mRNA in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean L. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.L.J.); (M.V.P.); (A.S.); (K.L.); (J.R.B.); (L.H.); (W.-L.T.)
| | - Matthew V. Prifti
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.L.J.); (M.V.P.); (A.S.); (K.L.); (J.R.B.); (L.H.); (W.-L.T.)
| | - Alyson Sujkowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.L.J.); (M.V.P.); (A.S.); (K.L.); (J.R.B.); (L.H.); (W.-L.T.)
| | - Kozeta Libohova
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.L.J.); (M.V.P.); (A.S.); (K.L.); (J.R.B.); (L.H.); (W.-L.T.)
| | - Jessica R. Blount
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.L.J.); (M.V.P.); (A.S.); (K.L.); (J.R.B.); (L.H.); (W.-L.T.)
| | - Luke Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.L.J.); (M.V.P.); (A.S.); (K.L.); (J.R.B.); (L.H.); (W.-L.T.)
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Wei-Ling Tsou
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.L.J.); (M.V.P.); (A.S.); (K.L.); (J.R.B.); (L.H.); (W.-L.T.)
| | - Sokol V. Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.L.J.); (M.V.P.); (A.S.); (K.L.); (J.R.B.); (L.H.); (W.-L.T.)
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence:
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Li J, Shu A, Sun Y, Yang W, Tang X, Pu H, Peng Y, Hu X, Qing Y, Wang J, Wan C, Zhou M, Zhang M. DNA methylation age acceleration is associated with age of onset in Chinese spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 patients. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 113:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs): decipher underlying basis of neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:259-268. [PMID: 34285347 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by the aggregation of neurotoxic proteins in the central nervous system. Aberrant protein accumulation in NDs is largely caused by the dysfunction of the two principal protein catabolism pathways, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). The two protein quality control pathways are bridged by ubiquitination, a post-translational modification that can induce protein degradation via both the UPS and the ALP. Perturbed ubiquitination leads to the formation of toxic aggregates and inclusion bodies that are deleterious to neurons. Ubiquitination is promoted by a cascade of ubiquitinating enzymes and counter-regulated by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). As fine-tuning regulators of ubiquitination and protein degradation, DUBs modulate the stability of ND-associated pathogenic proteins including amyloid β protein, Tau, and α-synuclein. Besides, DUBs also influence ND-associated mitophagy, protein secretion, and neuroinflammation. Given the various and critical functions of DUBs in NDs, DUBs may become potential therapeutic targets for NDs.
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Raposo M, Bettencourt C, Melo ARV, Ferreira AF, Alonso I, Silva P, Vasconcelos J, Kay T, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Costa MD, Vilasboas-Campos D, Bettencourt BF, Bruges-Armas J, Houlden H, Heutink P, Jardim LB, Sequeiros J, Maciel P, Lima M. Novel Machado-Joseph disease-modifying genes and pathways identified by whole-exome sequencing. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 162:105578. [PMID: 34871736 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD/SCA3) is a neurodegenerative polyglutamine disorder exhibiting a wide spectrum of phenotypes. The abnormal size of the (CAG)n at ATXN3 explains ~55% of the age at onset variance, suggesting the involvement of other factors, namely genetic modifiers, whose identification remains limited. Our aim was to find novel genetic modifiers, analyse their epistatic effects and identify disease-modifying pathways contributing to MJD variable expressivity. We performed whole-exome sequencing in a discovery sample of four age at onset concordant and four discordant first-degree relative pairs of Azorean patients, to identify candidate variants which genotypes differed for each discordant pair but were shared in each concordant pair. Variants identified by this approach were then tested in an independent multi-origin cohort of 282 MJD patients. Whole-exome sequencing identified 233 candidate variants, from which 82 variants in 53 genes were prioritized for downstream analysis. Eighteen disease-modifying pathways were identified; two of the most enriched pathways were relevant for the nervous system, namely the neuregulin signaling and the agrin interactions at neuromuscular junction. Variants at PARD3, NFKB1, CHD5, ACTG1, CFAP57, DLGAP2, ITGB1, DIDO1 and CERS4 modulate age at onset in MJD, with those identified in CFAP57, ACTG1 and DIDO1 showing consistent effects across cohorts of different geographical origins. Network analyses of the nine novel MJD modifiers highlighted several important molecular interactions, including genes/proteins previously related with MJD pathogenesis, namely between ACTG1/APOE and VCP/ITGB1. We describe novel pathways, modifiers, and their interaction partners, providing a broad molecular portrait of age at onset modulation to be further exploited as new disease-modifying targets for MJD and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Raposo
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Conceição Bettencourt
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Ana Rosa Vieira Melo
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Ana F Ferreira
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Alonso
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Silva
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Neurologia, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Teresa Kay
- Departamento de Genética Clínica, Hospital D. Estefânia, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Luiza Saraiva-Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica/Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Marta D Costa
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências da Vida e Saúde (ICVS), Escola de Medicina, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - Laboratório Associado, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Daniela Vilasboas-Campos
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências da Vida e Saúde (ICVS), Escola de Medicina, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - Laboratório Associado, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruno Filipe Bettencourt
- Serviço Especializado de Epidemiologia e Biologia Molecular (SEEBMO), Hospital de Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira (HSEIT), Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Jácome Bruges-Armas
- Serviço Especializado de Epidemiologia e Biologia Molecular (SEEBMO), Hospital de Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira (HSEIT), Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal; CHRC - Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas & CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London and Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom, London.
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Laura Bannach Jardim
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica/Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Sequeiros
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Maciel
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências da Vida e Saúde (ICVS), Escola de Medicina, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - Laboratório Associado, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Manuela Lima
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
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Li M, Chen X, Xu HL, Huang Z, Chen N, Tu Y, Gan S, Hu J. Brain structural abnormalities in the preclinical stage of Machado-Joseph disease/spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (MJD/SCA3): evaluation by MRI morphometry, diffusion tensor imaging and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging. J Neurol 2021; 269:2989-2998. [PMID: 34783886 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) could provide the added value for detecting brain microstructural alterations in the preclinical stage of Machado-Joseph disease/spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (MJD/SCA3) compared with MRI morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). METHODS Twenty preclinical MJD/SCA3 patients and 21 healthy controls were enrolled. Three b values DWI and 3D T1-weighted images were acquired at 3.0 T. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) approach was used to investigate the white matter (WM) alterations in the DTI metrics and NODDI metrics. Gray matter-based spatial statistics (GBSS) approach was used to investigate the grey matter (GM) alterations in the NODDI metrics. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approach was performed on the 3D T1-weighted images. The relationship between the cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat length and brain microstructural alterations of preclinical MJD/SCA3 was identified. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, the preclinical MJD/SCA3 patients showed decreased FA and NDI as well as increased MD, AD, and RD in the WM of cerebellum and brainstem (corrected P < 0.05), and decreased NDI in the GM of cerebellar vermis (corrected P < 0.05). The CAG repeat length in preclinical MJD/SCA3 patients was negatively correlated with the reduced FA and NDI of the infratentorial WM and the reduced NDI of the cerebellum, and positively with the increased MD and RD of the infratentorial WM. CONCLUSIONS NOODI can provide novel quantitative microstructural changes in MJD/SCA3 carriers, expanding our understanding of the gray and white matter (axons and dendrites) degeneration in this frequent ataxia syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengcheng Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 ChaZhong Rd, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ling Xu
- Department of Neurology, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ziqiang Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 ChaZhong Rd, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Naping Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 ChaZhong Rd, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Tu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 ChaZhong Rd, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shirui Gan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 ChaZhong Rd, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China. .,Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 ChaZhong Rd, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianping Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 ChaZhong Rd, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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