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Chung DJ, Wang CH, Liu PJ, Ng SK, Luo CK, Jwo SH, Li CT, Hsu DY, Fan CC, Wei TT. Targeting CREB-binding protein (CBP) abrogates colorectal cancer stemness through epigenetic regulation of C-MYC. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00838-9. [PMID: 39358564 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer worldwide with an increasing annual incidence. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play important roles in the occurrence, development, recurrence, and metastasis of CRC. The molecular mechanism regulating the development of colorectal CSCs remains unclear. The discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) through somatic cell reprogramming has revolutionized the fields of stem cell biology and translational medicine. In the present study, we converted hiPSCs into cancer stem-like cells by culture with conditioned medium (CM) from CRC cells. These transformed cells, termed hiPSC-CSCs, displayed cancer stem-like properties, including a spheroid morphology and the expression of both pluripotency and CSC markers. HiPSC-CSCs showed tumorigenic and metastatic abilities in mouse models. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype was observed in hiPSC-CSCs, which promoted their migration and angiogenesis. Interestingly, upregulation of C-MYC was observed during the differentiation of hiPSC-CSCs. Mechanistically, CREB binding protein (CBP) bound to the C-MYC promoter, while histone deacetylase 1 and 3 (HDAC1/3) dissociated from the promoter, ultimately leading to an increase in histone acetylation and C-MYC transcriptional activation during the differentiation of hiPSC-CSCs. Pharmacological treatment with a CBP inhibitor or abrogation of CBP expression with a CRISPR/Cas9-based strategy reduced the stemness of hiPSC-CSCs. This study demonstrates for the first time that colorectal CSCs can be generated from hiPSCs. The upregulation of C-MYC via histone acetylation plays a crucial role during the conversion process. Inhibition of CBP is a potential strategy for attenuating the stemness of colorectal CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Jung Chung
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Wang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Jung Liu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Kok Ng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Cong-Kai Luo
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Si-Han Jwo
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Tzu Li
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Yi Hsu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chu Fan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Tang Wei
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program in Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics (TIGP-CBMB), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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Martins-Ferreira R, Calafell-Segura J, Chaves J, Ciudad L, Martins da Silva A, Pinho e Costa P, Leal B, Ballestar E. Purinergic exposure induces epigenomic and transcriptomic-mediated preconditioning resembling epilepsy-associated microglial states. iScience 2024; 27:110546. [PMID: 39184445 PMCID: PMC11342283 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia play a crucial role in a range of neuropathologies through exacerbated activation. Microglial inflammatory responses can be influenced by prior exposures to noxious stimuli, like increased levels of extracellular adenosine and ATP. These are characteristic of brain insults like epileptic seizures and could potentially shape subsequent responses through epigenetic regulation. We investigated DNA methylation and expression changes in human microglia-like cells differentiated from monocytes following ATP-mediated preconditioning. We demonstrate that microglia-like cells display homeostatic microglial features, shown by surface markers, transcriptome, and DNA methylome. After exposure to ATP, TLR-mediated activation leads to an exacerbated pro-inflammatory response. These changes are accompanied by methylation and transcriptional reprogramming associated with enhanced immune-related functions. The reprogramming associated with ATP-mediated preconditioning leads to profiles found in microglial subsets linked to epilepsy. Purine-driven microglia immune preconditioning drives epigenetic and transcriptional changes that could contribute to altered functions of microglia during seizure development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Martins-Ferreira
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Pathology and Immunology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar – Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UPorto), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Autoimmunity and Neuroscience Group. Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Josep Calafell-Segura
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - João Chaves
- Autoimmunity and Neuroscience Group. Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
- Neurology Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António (CHUdSA), 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Ciudad
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - António Martins da Silva
- Autoimmunity and Neuroscience Group. Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
- Neurophysiology Service, CHUdSA 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Pinho e Costa
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Pathology and Immunology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar – Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UPorto), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Autoimmunity and Neuroscience Group. Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Leal
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Pathology and Immunology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar – Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UPorto), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Autoimmunity and Neuroscience Group. Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Epigenetics in Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Health Science Center (HSC), East China Normal University (ECNU), Shanghai 200241, China
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3
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Margetts AV, Vilca SJ, Bourgain-Guglielmetti F, Tuesta LM. Epigenetic heterogeneity shapes the transcriptional landscape of regional microglia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.08.607229. [PMID: 39149259 PMCID: PMC11326298 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.08.607229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, the innate immune cells in the central nervous system, exhibit distinct transcriptional profiles across brain regions that are important for facilitating their specialized function. There has been recent interest in identifying the epigenetic modifications associated with these distinct transcriptional profiles, as these may improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing the functional specialization of microglia. One obstacle to achieving this goal is the large number of microglia required to obtain a genome-wide profile for a single histone modification. Given the cellular and regional heterogeneity of the brain, this would require pooling many samples which would impede biological applications that are limited by numbers of available animals. To overcome this obstacle, we have adapted a method of chromatin profiling known as Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag-Direct) to profile histone modifications associated with regional differences in gene expression throughout the brain reward system. Consistent with previous studies, we find that transcriptional profiles of microglia vary by brain region. However, here we report that these regional differences also exhibit transcriptional network signatures specific to each region. Additionally, we find that these region-dependent network signatures are associated with differential deposition of H3K27ac and H3K7me3, and while the H3K27me3 landscape is remarkably stable across brain regions, the H3K27ac landscape is most consistent with the anatomical location of microglia which explain their distinct transcriptional profiles. Altogether, these findings underscore the established role of H3K27me3 in cell fate determination and support the active role of H3K27ac in the dynamic regulation of microglial gene expression. In this study, we report a molecular and computational framework that can be applied to improve our understanding of the role of epigenetic regulation in microglia in both health and disease, using as few as 2,500 cells per histone mark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Margetts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Samara J. Vilca
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Florence Bourgain-Guglielmetti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Luis M. Tuesta
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
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4
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Castro-Gomez S, Heneka MT. Innate immune activation in neurodegenerative diseases. Immunity 2024; 57:790-814. [PMID: 38599171 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Activation of the innate immune system following pattern recognition receptor binding has emerged as one of the major pathogenic mechanisms in neurodegenerative disease. Experimental, epidemiological, pathological, and genetic evidence underscores the meaning of innate immune activation during the prodromal as well as clinical phases of several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal dementia. Importantly, innate immune activation and the subsequent release of inflammatory mediators contribute mechanistically to other hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases such as aberrant proteostatis, pathological protein aggregation, cytoskeleton abnormalities, altered energy homeostasis, RNA and DNA defects, and synaptic and network disbalance and ultimately to the induction of neuronal cell death. In this review, we discuss common mechanisms of innate immune activation in neurodegeneration, with particular emphasis on the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and other receptors involved in the detection of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Castro-Gomez
- Center for Neurology, Department of Parkinson, Sleep and Movement Disorders, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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5
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Liu H, Li J, Wang X, Luo S, Luo D, Ge W, Ma C. Profiling of long non-coding RNAs in hippocampal-entorhinal system subfields: impact of RN7SL1 on neuroimmune response modulation in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:84. [PMID: 38582873 PMCID: PMC10999094 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is recognized as the predominant cause of dementia, and neuroimmune processes play a pivotal role in its pathological progression. The involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in AD has attracted widespread attention. Herein, transcriptomic analysis of 262 unique samples extracted from five hippocampal-entorhinal system subfields of individuals with AD pathology and without AD pathology revealed distinctive lncRNA expression profiles. Through differential expression and coexpression analyses, we identified 16 pivotal lncRNAs. Notably, RN7SL1 knockdown significantly modulated microglial responses upon oligomeric amyloid-β stimulation, resulting in a considerable decrease in proinflammatory cytokine production and subsequent neuronal damage. These findings highlight RN7SL1 as an essential neuroimmune-related lncRNA that could serve as a prospective target for AD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyou Liu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingying Li
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience Center, National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Luo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience Center, National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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6
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Zhu H, Guan A, Liu J, Peng L, Zhang Z, Wang S. Noteworthy perspectives on microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:223. [PMID: 37794488 PMCID: PMC10548593 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are so versatile that they not only provide immune surveillance for central nervous system, but participate in neural circuitry development, brain blood vessels formation, blood-brain barrier architecture, and intriguingly, the regulation of emotions and behaviors. Microglia have a profound impact on neuronal survival, brain wiring and synaptic plasticity. As professional phagocytic cells in the brain, they remove dead cell debris and neurotoxic agents via an elaborate mechanism. The functional profile of microglia varies considerately depending on age, gender, disease context and other internal or external environmental factors. Numerous studies have demonstrated a pivotal involvement of microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders, including negative affection, social deficit, compulsive behavior, fear memory, pain and other symptoms associated with major depression disorder, anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. In this review, we summarized the latest discoveries regarding microglial ontogeny, cell subtypes or state spectrum, biological functions and mechanistic underpinnings of emotional and behavioral disorders. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of microglia-targeted therapies of neuropsychiatric disorders, and propose outstanding questions to be addressed in future research of human microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Ao Guan
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jiayuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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Zheng M, Zhu T, Chen B, Zhao H, Lu X, Lu Q, Ni M, Cheng L, Han H, Ye T, Ye Y, Liu H, Huang C. Intranasal Monophosphoryl Lipid a Administration Ameliorates depression-like Behavior in Chronically Stressed Mice Through Stimulation of Microglia. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3160-3176. [PMID: 37358676 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03974-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
We and others have reported that systematic stimulation of the central innate immune system by a low dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can improve depression-like behavior in chronically stressed animals. However, it is unclear whether similar stimulation by intranasal administration could improve depression-like behavior in animals. We investigated this question using monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), a derivative of LPS that lacks the adverse effects of LPS but is still immuno-stimulatory. We found that a single intranasal administration of MPL at a dose of 10 or 20 µg/mouse, but not at a dose of 5 µg/mouse, ameliorated chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced depression-like behavior in mice, as evidenced by the decrease in immobility time in tail suspension test and forced swimming test and the increase in sucrose intake in sucrose preference test. In the time-dependent analysis, the antidepressant-like effect of a single intranasal MPL administration (20 µg/mouse) was observed 5 and 8 h but not 3 h after drug administration and persisted for at least 7 days. Fourteen days after the first intranasal MPL administration, a second intranasal MPL administration (20 µg/mouse) still showed an antidepressant-like effect. The innate immune response mediated by microglia might mediate the antidepressant-like effect of intranasal MPL administration, because both inhibition of microglial activation by pretreatment with minocycline and depletion of microglia by pretreatment with PLX3397 prevented the antidepressant-like effect of intranasal MPL administration. These results suggest that intranasal administration of MPL can produce significant antidepressant-like effects in animals under chronic stress conditions via stimulation of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bingran Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, #60 Middle Qingnian Road, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingxie Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou No.7 People's Hospital, 288# Yanling East Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou No.7 People's Hospital, 288# Yanling East Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, #66 Renmin South Road, Yancheng, 224006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Mukherjee S, Tarale P, Sarkar DK. Neuroimmune Interactions in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Potential Therapeutic Targets and Intervention Strategies. Cells 2023; 12:2323. [PMID: 37759545 PMCID: PMC10528917 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a set of abnormalities caused by prenatal exposure to ethanol and are characterized by developmental defects in the brain that lead to various overt and non-overt physiological abnormalities. Growing evidence suggests that in utero alcohol exposure induces functional and structural abnormalities in gliogenesis and neuron-glia interactions, suggesting a possible role of glial cell pathologies in the development of FASD. However, the molecular mechanisms of neuron-glia interactions that lead to the development of FASD are not clearly understood. In this review, we discuss glial cell pathologies with a particular emphasis on microglia, primary resident immune cells in the brain. Additionally, we examine the involvement of several neuroimmune molecules released by glial cells, their signaling pathways, and epigenetic mechanisms responsible for FASD-related alteration in brain functions. Growing evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in the communication between cells via transporting bioactive cargo from one cell to the other. This review emphasizes the role of EVs in the context of neuron-glia interactions during prenatal alcohol exposure. Finally, some potential applications involving nutritional, pharmacological, cell-based, and exosome-based therapies in the treatment of FASD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Mukherjee
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1573, USA; (S.M.); (P.T.)
- Hormone Laboratory Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Prashant Tarale
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1573, USA; (S.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Dipak K. Sarkar
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1573, USA; (S.M.); (P.T.)
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Mohammadi AH, Karimian M, Mirzaei H, Milajerdi A. Epigenetic modifications and obsessive-compulsive disorder: what do we know? Brain Struct Funct 2023:10.1007/s00429-023-02649-4. [PMID: 37204485 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic, severe disabling neuropsychiatric disorder whose pathophysiology is not yet well defined. Generally, the symptom onset occurs during pre-adult life and affects subjects in different life aspects, including professional and social relationships. Although robust evidence indicates the presence of genetic factors in the etiopathology of OCD, the entirely mechanisms are not totally clarified. Thus, the possible interactions between genes and environmental risk factors mediated by epigenetic mechanisms should be sought. Therefore, we provide a review of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms related to OCD with a deep focus on the regulation of critical genes of the central nervous system seeking possible potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Mohammadi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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10
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Liu G, Li T, Yang A, Zhang X, Qi S, Feng W. Knowledge domains and emerging trends of microglia research from 2002 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis and visualization study. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1057214. [PMID: 36688156 PMCID: PMC9849393 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1057214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia have been identified for a century. In this period, their ontogeny and functions have come to light thanks to the tireless efforts of scientists. However, numerous documents are being produced, making it challenging for scholars, especially those new to the field, to understand them thoroughly. Therefore, having a reliable method for quickly grasping a field is crucial. Methods We searched and downloaded articles from the Web of Science Core Collection with "microglia" or "microglial" in the title from 2002 to 2021. Eventually, 12,813 articles were located and, using CiteSpace and VOSviewer, the fundamental data, knowledge domains, hot spots, and emerging trends, as well as the influential literature in the field of microglia research, were analyzed. Results Following 2011, microglia publications grew significantly. The two prominent journals are Glia and J Neuroinflamm. The United States and Germany dominated the microglia study. The primary research institutions are Harvard Univ and Univ Freiburg, and the leading authors are Prinz Marco and Kettenmann Helmut. The knowledge domains of microglia include eight directions, namely neuroinflammation, lipopolysaccharide, aging, neuropathic pain, macrophages, Alzheimer's disease, retina, and apoptosis. Microglial phenotype is the focus of research; while RNA-seq, exosome, and glycolysis are emerging topics, a microglial-specific marker is still a hard stone. We also identified 19 influential articles that contributed to the study of microglial origin (Mildner A 2007; Ginhoux F 2010), identity (Butovsky O 2014), homeostasis (Cardona AE 2006; Elmore MRP 2014); microglial function such as surveillance (Nimmerjahn A 2005), movement (Davalos D 2005; Haynes SE 2006), phagocytosis (Simard AR 2006), and synapse pruning (Wake H 2009; Paolicelli RC 2011; Schafer DP 2012; Parkhurst CN 2013); and microglial state/phenotype associated with disease (Keren-Shaul H 2017), as well as 5 review articles represented by Kettenmann H 2011. Conclusion Using bibliometrics, we have investigated the fundamental data, knowledge structure, and dynamic evolution of microglia research over the previous 20 years. We hope this study can provide some inspiration and a reference for researchers studying microglia in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianhua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Anming Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Songtao Qi, ✉
| | - Wenfeng Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Wenfeng Feng, ✉
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11
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Huang M, Malovic E, Ealy A, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Microglial immune regulation by epigenetic reprogramming through histone H3K27 acetylation in neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1052925. [PMID: 37033967 PMCID: PMC10073546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1052925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic reprogramming is the ability of innate immune cells to form memories of environmental stimuli (priming), allowing for heightened responses to secondary stressors. Herein, we explored microglial epigenetic marks using the known inflammagen LPS as a memory priming trigger and Parkinsonian-linked environmental neurotoxic stressor manganese (Mn) as the secondary environmental trigger. To mimic physiological responses, the memory priming trigger LPS treatment was removed by triple-washing to allow the cells' acute inflammatory response to reset back before applying the secondary insult. Our results show that after the secondary Mn insult, levels of key proinflammatory markers, including nitrite release, iNOS mRNA and protein expression, Il-6, Il-α and cytokines were exaggerated in LPS-primed microglia. Our paradigm implies primed microglia retain immune memory that can be reprogrammed to augment inflammatory response by secondary environmental stress. To ascertain the molecular underpinning of this neuroimmune memory, we further hypothesize that epigenetic reprogramming contributes to the retention of a heightened immune response. Interestingly, Mn-exposed, LPS-primed microglia showed enhanced deposition of H3K27ac and H3K4me3 along with H3K4me1. We further confirmed the results using a PD mouse model (MitoPark) and postmortem human PD brains, thereby adding clinical relevance to our findings. Co-treatment with the p300/H3K27ac inhibitor GNE-049 reduced p300 expression and H3K27ac deposition, decreased iNOS, and increased ARG1 and IRF4 levels. Lastly, since mitochondrial stress is a driver of environmentally linked Parkinson's disease (PD) progression, we examined the effects of GNE-049 on primary trigger-induced mitochondrial stress. GNE-049 reduced mitochondrial superoxide, mitochondrial circularity and stress, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization, suggesting beneficial consequences of GNE-049 on mitochondrial function. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that proinflammatory primary triggers can shape microglial memory via the epigenetic mark H3K27ac and that inhibiting H3K27ac deposition can prevent primary trigger immune memory formation and attenuate subsequent secondary inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Huang
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Emir Malovic
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Alyssa Ealy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Huajun Jin
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Anumantha G. Kanthasamy,
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12
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Wu YG, Song LJ, Yin LJ, Yin JJ, Wang Q, Yu JZ, Xiao BG, Ma CG. The effects and potential of microglial polarization and crosstalk with other cells of the central nervous system in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:947-954. [PMID: 36254973 PMCID: PMC9827789 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system. During the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, stimulatory factors continuously act on the microglia causing abnormal activation and unbalanced phenotypic changes; these events have become a significant and promising area of research. In this review, we summarize the effects of microglial polarization and crosstalk with other cells in the central nervous system in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Our literature search found that phenotypic changes occur continuously in Alzheimer's disease and that microglia exhibit extensive crosstalk with astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons, and penetrated peripheral innate immune cells via specific signaling pathways and cytokines. Collectively, unlike previous efforts to modulate microglial phenotypes at a single level, targeting the phenotypes of microglia and the crosstalk with other cells in the central nervous system may be more effective in reducing inflammation in the central nervous system in Alzheimer's disease. This would establish a theoretical basis for reducing neuronal death from central nervous system inflammation and provide an appropriate environment to promote neuronal regeneration in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ge Wu
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Li-Juan Song
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China,Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Li-Jun Yin
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jun-Jun Yin
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qing Wang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jie-Zhong Yu
- Institute of Brain Science/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases/Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China,Institute of Brain Science/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases/Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, China,Correspondence to: Cun-Gen Ma, .
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13
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Cell-type-specific epigenetic effects of early life stress on the brain. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:326. [PMID: 35948532 PMCID: PMC9365848 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) induces long-term phenotypic adaptations that contribute to increased vulnerability to a host of neuropsychiatric disorders. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA, are a proposed link between environmental stressors, alterations in gene expression, and phenotypes. Epigenetic modifications play a primary role in shaping functional differences between cell types and can be modified by environmental perturbations, especially in early development. Together with contributions from genetic variation, epigenetic mechanisms orchestrate patterns of gene expression within specific cell types that contribute to phenotypic variation between individuals. To date, many studies have provided insights into epigenetic changes resulting from ELS. However, most of these studies have examined heterogenous brain tissue, despite evidence of cell-type-specific epigenetic modifications in phenotypes associated with ELS. In this review, we focus on rodent and human studies that have examined epigenetic modifications induced by ELS in select cell types isolated from the brain or associated with genes that have cell-type-restricted expression in neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Although significant challenges remain, future studies using these approaches can enable important mechanistic insight into the role of epigenetic variation in the effects of ELS on brain function.
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14
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Fernández-Arjona MDM, León-Rodríguez A, Grondona JM, López-Ávalos MD. Microbial neuraminidase induces TLR4-dependent long-term immune priming in the brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:945229. [PMID: 35966200 PMCID: PMC9366060 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.945229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune memory explains the plasticity of immune responses after repeated immune stimulation, leading to either enhanced or suppressed immune responses. This process has been extensively reported in peripheral immune cells and also, although modestly, in the brain. Here we explored two relevant aspects of brain immune priming: its persistence over time and its dependence on TLR receptors. For this purpose, we used an experimental paradigm consisting in applying two inflammatory stimuli three months apart. Wild type, toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR2 mutant strains were used. The priming stimulus was the intracerebroventricular injection of neuraminidase (an enzyme that is present in various pathogens able to provoke brain infections), which triggers an acute inflammatory process in the brain. The second stimulus was the intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (a TLR4 ligand) or Pam3CSK4 (a TLR2 ligand). One day after the second inflammatory challenge the immune response in the brain was examined. In wild type mice, microglial and astroglial density, as well as the expression of 4 out of 5 pro-inflammatory genes studied (TNFα, IL1β, Gal-3, and NLRP3), were increased in mice that received the double stimulus compared to those exposed only to the second one, which were initially injected with saline instead of neuraminidase. Such enhanced response suggests immune training in the brain, which lasts at least 3 months. On the other hand, TLR2 mutants under the same experimental design displayed an enhanced immune response quite similar to that of wild type mice. However, in TLR4 mutant mice the response after the second immune challenge was largely dampened, indicating the pivotal role of this receptor in the establishment of immune priming. Our results demonstrate that neuraminidase-induced inflammation primes an enhanced immune response in the brain to a subsequent immune challenge, immune training that endures and that is largely dependent on TLR4 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Mar Fernández-Arjona
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Grupo de investigación en Neuropsicofarmacología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana León-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal, Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Grondona
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal, Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Dolores López-Ávalos
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal, Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- *Correspondence: María Dolores López-Ávalos
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15
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Hong SM, Ju IG, Kim JH, Park SC, Choi JG, Sohn MW, Oh MS, Kim SY. The novel anti-neuroinflammatory functional food CCL01, a mixture of Cuscuta seed extracts and Lactobacillus paracasei NK112. Food Funct 2022; 13:7638-7649. [PMID: 35735022 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01150f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, which occurs due to microglia, is related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, the development of functional foods that down-regulate over-activated microglial cells to prevent the progression of neurodegenerative disorders has been proposed, since over-activated microglia induce a chronic source of neurotoxic factors and reduce neuronal survival. Thus, the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of a functional food mixture (CCL01) including Cuscuta seeds and Lactobacillus paracasei NK112 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced experimental models were investigated. In LPS-induced in vitro models, the expression levels of inflammatory mediators (e.g., inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide, and prostaglandin E2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6) were decreased upon CCL01 treatment. CCL01 showed an anti-neuroinflammatory effect in LPS-induced microglial cells via the inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway and the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. In the LPS-treated in vivo mouse models, the increased expression of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1), which indicates microglial activity, was markedly decreased upon treatment with CCL01 (50 and 200 mg kg-1) in the hippocampus and cortex areas of the mouse brains in comparison with the LPS-injected group. In addition, the groups to which CCL01 was administered had significantly decreased plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in the LPS-injected mouse models. Our data suggest that CCL01 may be a potential anti-neuroinflammatory agent that can prevent microglia overactivation, and it could be useful for developing functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Min Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Gyoung Ju
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, #26, Kyungheedaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, #26, Kyungheedaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheol Park
- MThera Pharma Co., Ltd, #102, 38, Magokjungang 8-ro 1-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gyu Choi
- MThera Pharma Co., Ltd, #102, 38, Magokjungang 8-ro 1-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Won Sohn
- MThera Pharma Co., Ltd, #102, 38, Magokjungang 8-ro 1-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, #26, Kyungheedaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, #26, Kyungheedaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, #26, Kyungheedaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea. .,Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
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16
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Komada M, Nishimura Y. Epigenetics and Neuroinflammation Associated With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Microglial Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:852752. [PMID: 35646933 PMCID: PMC9133693 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.852752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, fetal alcohol syndrome, and cerebral palsy. Converging lines of evidence from basic and clinical sciences suggest that dysregulation of the epigenetic landscape, including DNA methylation and miRNA expression, is associated with neuroinflammation. Genetic and environmental factors can affect the interaction between epigenetics and neuroinflammation, which may cause neurodevelopmental disorders. In this minireview, we focus on neuroinflammation that might be mediated by epigenetic dysregulation in microglia, and compare studies using mammals and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munekazu Komada
- Mammalian Embryology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yuhei Nishimura,
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Genetically modified mice for research on human diseases: A triumph for Biotechnology or a work in progress? THE EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2022-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Genetically modified mice are engineered as models for human diseases. These mouse models include inbred strains, mutants, gene knockouts, gene knockins, and ‘humanized’ mice. Each mouse model is engineered to mimic a specific disease based on a theory of the genetic basis of that disease. For example, to test the amyloid theory of Alzheimer’s disease, mice with amyloid precursor protein genes are engineered, and to test the tau theory, mice with tau genes are engineered. This paper discusses the importance of mouse models in basic research, drug discovery, and translational research, and examines the question of how to define the “best” mouse model of a disease. The critiques of animal models and the caveats in translating the results from animal models to the treatment of human disease are discussed. Since many diseases are heritable, multigenic, age-related and experience-dependent, resulting from multiple gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, it will be essential to develop mouse models that reflect these genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors from a developmental perspective. Such models would provide further insight into disease emergence, progression and the ability to model two-hit and multi-hit theories of disease. The summary examines the biotechnology for creating genetically modified mice which reflect these factors and how they might be used to discover new treatments for complex human diseases such as cancers, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Wang K, Yang C, Li H, Liu X, Zheng M, Xuan Z, Mei Z, Wang H. Role of the Epigenetic Modifier JMJD6 in Tumor Development and Regulation of Immune Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859893. [PMID: 35359945 PMCID: PMC8963961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
JMJD6 is a member of the Jumonji (JMJC) domain family of histone demethylases that contributes to catalyzing the demethylation of H3R2me2 and/or H4R3me2 and regulating the expression of specific genes. JMJD6-mediated demethylation modifications are involved in the regulation of transcription, chromatin structure, epigenetics, and genome integrity. The abnormal expression of JMJD6 is associated with the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors, including breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, colon carcinoma, glioma, prostate carcinoma, melanoma, liver carcinoma, etc. Besides, JMJD6 regulates the innate immune response and affects many biological functions, as well as may play key roles in the regulation of immune response in tumors. Given the importance of epigenetic function in tumors, targeting JMJD6 gene by modulating the role of immune components in tumorigenesis and its development will contribute to the development of a promising strategy for cancer therapy. In this article, we introduce the structure and biological activities of JMJD6, followed by summarizing its roles in tumorigenesis and tumor development. Importantly, we highlight the potential functions of JMJD6 in the regulation of tumor immune response, as well as the development of JMJD6 targeted small-molecule inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation and Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Haibin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, 908th Hospital of Chinese PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Yingtan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zixue Xuan
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zixue Xuan, ; Zhiqiang Mei, ; Haiyong Wang,
| | - Zhiqiang Mei
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zixue Xuan, ; Zhiqiang Mei, ; Haiyong Wang,
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zixue Xuan, ; Zhiqiang Mei, ; Haiyong Wang,
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Li F, Lu X, Ma Y, Gu Y, Ye T, Huang C. Monophosphoryl Lipid A Tolerance Against Chronic Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors in Mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:399-411. [PMID: 35015863 PMCID: PMC9154281 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Our recent studies reported that a single injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) before stress exposure prevents depression-like behaviors in stressed mice. Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) is a derivative of LPS that lacks the undesirable properties of LPS. We hypothesize that MPL can exert a prophylactic effect on depression. METHODS The experimental mice were pre-injected with MPL before stress exposure. Depression in mice was induced through chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Behavioral tests were conducted to identify depression-like behaviors. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and biochemical assays were performed to examine the gene and protein expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS A single MPL injection 1 day before stress exposure at the dosages of 400, 800, and 1600 μg/kg but not 200 μg/kg prevented CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. This effect of MPL, however, vanished with the extension of the interval time between drug injection and stress exposure from 1 day or 5 days to 10 days, which was rescued by a second MPL injection 10 days after the first MPL injection or by a 4× MPL injection 10 days before stress exposure. A single MPL injection (800 μg/kg) before stress exposure prevented CSDS-induced increases in the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Pre-inhibiting the innate immune stimulation by minocycline pretreatment (40 mg/kg) abrogated the preventive effect of MPL on CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors and neuroinflammatory responses in animal brains. CONCLUSIONS MPL, through innate immune stimulation, prevents stress-induced depression-like behaviors in mice by preventing neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ting Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Correspondence: Chao Huang, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China ()
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20
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Couch ACM, Berger T, Hanger B, Matuleviciute R, Srivastava DP, Thuret S, Vernon AC. Maternal immune activation primes deficiencies in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:410-422. [PMID: 34352366 PMCID: PMC8478664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis, the process in which new neurons are generated, occurs throughout life in the mammalian hippocampus. Decreased adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is a common feature across psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, depression- and anxiety-related behaviours, and is highly regulated by environmental influences. Epidemiological studies have consistently implicated maternal immune activation (MIA) during neurodevelopment as a risk factor for psychiatric disorders in adulthood. The extent to which the reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis in adulthood may be driven by early life exposures, such as MIA, is however unclear. We therefore reviewed the literature for evidence of the involvement of MIA in disrupting AHN. Consistent with our hypothesis, data from both in vivo murine and in vitro human models of AHN provide evidence for key roles of specific cytokines induced by MIA in the foetal brain in disrupting hippocampal neural progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation early in development. The precise molecular mechanisms however remain unclear. Nonetheless, these data suggest a potential latent vulnerability mechanism, whereby MIA primes dysfunction in the unique hippocampal pool of neural stem/progenitor cells. This renders offspring potentially more susceptible to additional environmental exposures later in life, such as chronic stress, resulting in the unmasking of psychopathology. We highlight the need for studies to test this hypothesis using validated animal models of MIA, but also to test the relevance of such data for human pathology at a molecular basis through the use of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) differentiated into hippocampal progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie C M Couch
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bjørn Hanger
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Deepak P Srivastava
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.
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21
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Melbourne JK, Chandler CM, Van Doorn CE, Bardo MT, Pauly JR, Peng H, Nixon K. Primed for addiction: A critical review of the role of microglia in the neurodevelopmental consequences of adolescent alcohol drinking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1908-1926. [PMID: 34486128 PMCID: PMC8793635 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is one of the most widely used recreational substances worldwide, with drinking frequently initiated during adolescence. The developmental state of the adolescent brain makes it vulnerable to initiating alcohol use, often in high doses, and particularly susceptible to alcohol-induced brain changes. Microglia, the brain parenchymal macrophages, have been implicated in mediating some of these effects, though the role that these cells play in the progression from alcohol drinking to dependence remains unclear. Microglia are uniquely positioned to sense and respond to central nervous system insult, and are now understood to exhibit innate immune memory, or "priming," altering their future functional responses based on prior exposures. In alcohol use disorders (AUDs), the role of microglia is debated. Whereas microglial activation can be pathogenic, contributing to neuroinflammation, tissue damage, and behavioral changes, or protective, it can also engage protective functions, providing support and mediating the resolution of damage. Understanding the role of microglia in adolescent AUDs is complicated by the fact that microglia are thought to be involved in developmental processes such as synaptic refinement and myelination, which underlie the functional maturation of multiple brain systems in adolescence. Thus, the role microglia play in the impact of alcohol use in adolescence is likely multifaceted. Long-term sequelae may be due to a failure to recover from EtOH-induced tissue damage, altered neurodevelopmental trajectories, and/or persistent changes to microglial responsivity and function. Here, we review critically the literature surrounding the effects of alcohol on microglia in models of adolescent alcohol misuse. We attempt to disentangle what is known about microglia from other neuroimmune effectors, to which we apply recent discoveries on the role of microglia in development and plasticity. Considered altogether, these studies challenge assumptions that proinflammatory microglia drive addiction. Alcohol priming microglia and thereby perturbing their homeostatic roles in neurodevelopment, especially during critical periods of plasticity such as adolescence, may have more serious implications for the neuropathogenesis of AUDs in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Melbourne
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Cassie M. Chandler
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Michael T. Bardo
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - James R. Pauly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kimberly Nixon
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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22
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NLRP3 Inflammasome Is Involved in Cocaine-Mediated Potentiation on Behavioral Changes in CX3CR1-Deficient Mice. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11100963. [PMID: 34683104 PMCID: PMC8540128 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the primary immunocompetent cells of the brain, are suggested to play a role in the development of drug addiction. Previous studies have identified the microglia-derived pro-inflammatory factor IL1β can promote the progression of cocaine addiction. Additionally, the activation status of microglia and “two-hit hypothesis” have been proposed in the field of drug addiction to explain how early life stress (ELS) could significantly increase the incidence of drug addiction in later life. However, the mechanisms underlying microglia prime and full activation and their roles in drug addiction remain greatly unexplored. Here, we employed CX3CR1-GFP mice (CX3CR1 functional deficiency, CX3CR1−/−) to explore whether primed microglia could potentiate cocaine-mediated behavioral changes and the possible underlying mechanisms. CX3CR1−/− mice revealed higher hyperlocomotion activity and conditional place preference than wild-type (WT) mice did under cocaine administration. In parallel, CX3CR1−/− mice showed higher activity of NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome than WT mice. Interestingly, CX3CR1 deficiency itself could prime NLRP3 signaling by increasing the expression of NLPR3 and affect lysosome biogenesis under basal conditions. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that the functional status of microglia could have an impact on cocaine-mediated reward effects, and NLRP3 inflammasome activity was associated with this phenomenon. This study was consistent with the two-hit hypothesis and provided solid evidence to support the involvement of microglia in drug addiction. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome may represent a novel therapeutic approach for ameliorating or blocking the development of drug addiction.
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23
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Epigenetic Modulation of Microglia Function and Phenotypes in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:9912686. [PMID: 34194489 PMCID: PMC8181095 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9912686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is one of the most remarkable hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including AD, PD, and ALS. Accumulating evidence indicates that microglia play both neuroprotective and detrimental roles in the onset and progression of NDDs. Yet, the specific mechanisms of action surrounding microglia are not clear. Modulation of microglia function and phenotypes appears to be a potential strategy to reverse NDDs. Until recently, research into the epigenetic mechanisms of diseases has been gradually developed, making it possible to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the epigenetic regulation of microglia in NDDs. This review highlights the function and phenotypes of microglia, elucidates the relationship between microglia, epigenetic modifications, and NDDs, as well as the possible mechanisms underlying the epigenetic modulation of microglia in NDDs with a focus on potential intervention strategies.
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24
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Han J, Fan Y, Zhou K, Blomgren K, Harris RA. Uncovering sex differences of rodent microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:74. [PMID: 33731174 PMCID: PMC7972194 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There are inherent structural and functional differences in the central nervous systems (CNS) of females and males. It has been gradually established that these sex-specific differences are due to a spectrum of genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal factors which actively contribute to the differential incidences, disease courses, and even outcomes of CNS diseases between sexes. Microglia, as principle resident macrophages in the CNS, play a crucial role in both CNS physiology and pathology. However, sex differences of microglia have been relatively unexplored until recently. Emerging data has convincingly demonstrated the existence of sex-dependent structural and functional differences of rodent microglia, consequently changing our current understanding of these versatile cells. In this review, we attempt to comprehensively outline the current advances revealing microglial sex differences in rodent and their potential implications for specific CNS diseases with a stark sex difference. A detailed understanding of molecular processes underlying microglial sex differences is of major importance in design of translational sex- and microglia-specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Han
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, CMM L8:04, Karolinska Sjukhuset, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Yueshan Fan
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, CMM L8:04, Karolinska Sjukhuset, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert A Harris
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, CMM L8:04, Karolinska Sjukhuset, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
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