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Fitzgerald PJ. Affective disorders and the loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential: Serotonin and beyond. Neurosci Lett 2024; 827:137734. [PMID: 38499279 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Identifying additional noninvasive biomarkers for affective disorders, such as unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), could aid in the diagnosis and treatment of these prevalent and debilitating neuropsychiatric conditions. One such candidate biomarker is the loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP), an event-related potential that measures responsiveness of the auditory cortex to different intensities of sound. The LDAEP has been associated with MDD and BD, including therapeutic response to particular classes of antidepressant drugs, while also correlating with several other neuropsychiatric disorders. It has been suggested that increased values of the LDAEP indicate low central serotonergic neurotransmission, further implicating this EEG measure in depression. Here, we briefly review the literature on the LDAEP in affective disorders, including its association with serotonergic signaling, as well as with that of other neurotransmitters such as dopamine. We summarize key findings on the LDAEP and the genetics of these neurotransmitters, as well as prediction of response to particular classes of antidepressants in MDD, including SSRIs versus noradrenergic agents. The possible relationship between this EEG measure and suicidality is addressed. We also briefly analyze acute pharmacologic studies of serotonin and/or dopamine precursor depletion and the LDAEP. In conclusion, the existing literature suggests that serotonin and norepinephrine may modulate the LDAEP in an opposing manner, and that this event-related marker may be of use in predicting response to chronic treatment with particular pharmacologic agents in the context of affective disorders, such as MDD and BD, including in the presence of suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Singh A, Pandey HR, Arya A, Agarwal V, Shree R, Kumar U. Altered white matter integrity in euthymic children with bipolar disorder: A tract-based spatial statistical analysis of diffusion tensor imaging. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:820-827. [PMID: 37597779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a serious mental illness that affects children and adolescents, characterized by episodes of mania, depression, and mixed episodes. Recent studies have suggested that abnormalities in the white matter (WM) may be a contributing factor. The neuropathogenesis of BD in children is not well-described, and research in this area is limited. Euthymic phase is a period in which clinical symptoms are present but not severe enough to significantly impact mood and daily behavior. In order to better understand the WM changes associated with BD in children, this study utilized Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), to investigate alterations in WM microstructure. 20 confirmed euthymic BD children (aged 7-16) and 20 typically developing children were included in the study. DTI scans were obtained using a 3 T Magnetom Skyra and were analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to examine changes in fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD). Results showed that compared to the healthy control group, the euthymic BD group exhibited increased FA, AD, RD, and MD values in several brain regions, including the thalamus, precentral corticospinal tract, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Conversely, decreased values were observed in the body of the corpus callosum and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. These findings suggest that alterations in WM microstructure are a hallmark of pediatric bipolar disorder. These findings provide important insights into the brain changes associated with pediatric bipolar disorder and open the door for new avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshita Singh
- Centre of Bio-Medical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow, India; Department of Information Technology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Himanshu R Pandey
- Centre of Bio-Medical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Amit Arya
- Department of Psychiatry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vivek Agarwal
- Department of Psychiatry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Raj Shree
- Department of Information Technology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Uttam Kumar
- Centre of Bio-Medical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow, India.
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Muñoz V, Muñoz-Caracuel M, Angulo-Ruiz BY, Gómez CM. Neurovascular coupling during auditory stimulation: event-related potentials and fNIRS hemodynamic. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:1943-1961. [PMID: 37658858 PMCID: PMC10517045 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Intensity-dependent amplitude changes (IDAP) have been extensively studied using event-related potentials (ERPs) and have been linked to several psychiatric disorders. This study aims to explore the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in IDAP paradigms, which related to ERPs could indicate the existence of neurovascular coupling. Thirty-three and thirty-one subjects participated in two experiments, respectively. The first experiment consisted of the presentation of three-tone intensities (77.9 dB, 84.5 dB, and 89.5 dB) lasting 500 ms, each type randomly presented 54 times, while the second experiment consisted of the presentation of five-tone intensities (70.9 dB, 77.9 dB, 84.5 dB, 89.5 dB, and 94.5 dB) in trains of 8 tones lasting 70 ms each tone, the trains were presented 20 times. EEG was used to measure ERP components: N1, P2, and N1-P2 peak-to-peak amplitude. fNIRS allowed the analysis of the hemodynamic activity in the auditory, visual, and prefrontal cortices. The results showed an increase in N1, P2, and N1-P2 peak-to-peak amplitude with auditory intensity. Similarly, oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations showed amplitude increases and decreases, respectively, with auditory intensity in the auditory and prefrontal cortices. Spearman correlation analysis showed a relationship between the left auditory cortex with N1 amplitude, and the right dorsolateral cortex with P2 amplitude, specifically for deoxyhemoglobin concentrations. These findings suggest that there is a brain response to auditory intensity changes that can be obtained by EEG and fNIRS, supporting the neurovascular coupling process. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of fNIRS application in auditory paradigms and highlights its potential as a complementary technique to ERPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Muñoz
- Human Psychobiology Laboratory, Experimental Psychology Department, University of Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Caracuel
- Human Psychobiology Laboratory, Experimental Psychology Department, University of Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | - Brenda Y. Angulo-Ruiz
- Human Psychobiology Laboratory, Experimental Psychology Department, University of Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Gómez
- Human Psychobiology Laboratory, Experimental Psychology Department, University of Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Jang KI, Kim S, Chae JH, Lee C. Machine learning-based classification using electroencephalographic multi-paradigms between drug-naïve patients with depression and healthy controls. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:270-277. [PMID: 37271294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroencephalography (EEG) is a supplementary diagnostic tool in psychiatry but lacks practical usage. EEG has demonstrated inconsistent diagnostic ability because major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder with complex pathologies. In clinical psychiatry, it is essential to detect these complexities using multiple EEG paradigms. Though the application of machine learning to EEG signals in psychiatry has increased, an improvement in its classification performance is still required clinically. We tested the classification performance of multiple EEG paradigms in drug-naïve patients with MDD and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Thirty-one drug-naïve patients with MDD and 31 HCs were recruited in this study. Resting-state EEG (REEG), the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP), and P300 were recorded for all participants. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers with t-test-based feature selection were used to classify patients and HCs. RESULTS The highest accuracy was 94.52 % when 14 selected features, including 12 P300 amplitudes (P300A) and two LDAEP features, were layered. The accuracy was 90.32 % when a SVM classifier for 30 selected features (14 P300A, 14 LDAEP, and 2 REEG) was layered in comparison to each REEG, P300A, and LDAEP, the best accuracies of which were 71.57 % (2-layered with LDA), 87.12 % (1-layered with LDA), and 83.87 % (6-layered with SVM), respectively. LIMITATIONS The present study was limited by small sample size and difference in formal education year. CONCLUSIONS Multiple EEG paradigms are more beneficial than a single EEG paradigm for classifying drug-naïve patients with MDD and HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-In Jang
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkean Kim
- Department of Human-Computer Interaction, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of psychiatry, College of medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chany Lee
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Sklar AL, Ren X, Chlpka L, Curtis M, Coffman BA, Salisbury DF. Diminished Auditory Cortex Dynamic Range and its Clinical Correlates in First Episode Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:679-687. [PMID: 36749310 PMCID: PMC10154701 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS There is growing appreciation for the contribution of sensory disruptions to disease morbidity in psychosis. The present study examined auditory cortex (AC) dynamic range: the scaling of neurophysiological responses to stimulus intensity, among individuals with a schizophrenia spectrum illness (FESz) and its relationship to clinical outcomes at disease onset. STUDY DESIGN Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was recorded from 35 FESz and 40 healthy controls (HC) during binaural presentation of tones at three intensities (75 dB, 80 dB, and 85 dB). MRIs were obtained to enhance cortical localization of MEG sensor-level activity. All participants completed the MATRICS cognitive battery (MCCB) and Global Functioning: Role and Social scales (GFR/GFS). Patients were administered the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). STUDY RESULTS FESz exhibited reduced AC response relative to HC. Enhancement of AC activity to tones of increasing intensity was blunted in FESz relative to HC. Reduced dynamic range (85-75 dB AC response) was associated with lower GFS (r = .58) and GFR (r = .45) scores, worse MCCB performance (r = .45), and increased PANSS Negative symptom subscale scores (r = -.55) among FESz, relationships not observed with AC responses to individual tones. CONCLUSION Beyond an impaired AC response to pure tones, FESz exhibit reduced dynamic range relative to HC. This impairment was correlated with markers of disease morbidity including poorer community functioning as well as cognitive and negative symptoms. The relationship with impaired social functioning may reflect the role of AC dynamic range in decoding the emotional content of language and highlights its importance to future therapeutic sensory remediation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo L Sklar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xi Ren
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Lydia Chlpka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Mark Curtis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian A Coffman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dean F Salisbury
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Flasbeck V, Engelmann J, Klostermann B, Juckel G, Mavrogiorgou P. Relationships between fear of flying, loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials and frontal alpha asymmetry. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 159:145-152. [PMID: 36724673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has suggested that fear of flying, which is defined as a situational, specific phobia, could overlap with depressive and anxiety disorders. Whether the neuronal dysfunctions including altered serotonergic activity in the brain and altered neural oscillations observed for depressive and anxiety disorders also overlap with alterations in fear of flying is unclear. Here, thirty-six participants with self-reported fear of flying (FF) and forty-one unaffected participants (NFF) were recruited. The participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the State-trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Fear of Flying Scale (FFS). EEG-recording was conducted during resting-state and during presentation of auditory stimuli with varying loudness levels for analysis of the Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potentials (LDAEP), which is suggested to be inversely related to central serotonergic activity. Participants with fear of flying did not differ from the control group with regard to BDI-II and STAI data. The LDAEP was higher over F4 electrode in the FF group compared to controls, whereas exploratory analysis suggest that differences between groups were conveyed by female participants. Moreover, the FF group showed relatively higher right frontal alpha activity compared to the control group, whereas no difference in frequency power (alpha, beta and theta) was observed. Thus, this study brought the first hint for reduced serotonergic activity in individuals with fear of flying and relatively higher right frontal activity. Thus, based on the preliminary findings, future research should aim to examine the boundaries with anxiety and depressive disorders and to clarify the distinct neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Flasbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Alexandrinenstraße 1-3, 44791, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Josefina Engelmann
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Alexandrinenstraße 1-3, 44791, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Bettina Klostermann
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Alexandrinenstraße 1-3, 44791, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Alexandrinenstraße 1-3, 44791, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Paraskevi Mavrogiorgou
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Alexandrinenstraße 1-3, 44791, Bochum, Germany.
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Ip CT, Ganz M, Ozenne B, Olbrich S, Beliveau V, Dam VH, Köhler-Forsberg K, Jørgensen MB, Frøkjær VG, Knudsen GM. Association between the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potential, serotonergic neurotransmission and treatment outcome in patients with depression. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 70:32-44. [PMID: 36863106 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) is associated with the effectiveness of antidepressant treatment in patients with major depressive disorders (MDD). Furthermore, both LDAEP and the cerebral serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT4R) density is inversely related to brain serotonin levels. We included 84 patients with MDD and 22 healthy controls to examined the association between LDAEP and treatment response and its association with cerebral 5-HT4R density. Participants underwent both EEG and 5-HT4R neuroimaging with [11C]SB207145 PET. Thirty-nine patients with MDD were re-examined after 8 weeks of treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors/serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SSRI/SNRI). We found that the cortical source of LDAEP was higher in untreated patients with MDD compared to healthy controls (p=0.03). Prior to SSRI/SNRI treatment, subsequent treatment responders had a negative association between LDAEP and depressive symptoms and a positive association between scalp LDAEP and symptom improvement at week 8. This was not found in source LDAEP. In healthy controls, we found a positive correlation between both scalp and source LDAEP and cerebral 5-HT4R binding but that was not observed in patients with MDD. We did not see any changes in scalp and source LDAEP in response to SSRI/SNRI treatment. These results support a theoretical framework where both LDAEP and cerebral 5-HT4R are indices of cerebral 5-HT levels in healthy individuals while this association seems to be disrupted in MDD. The combination of the two biomarkers may be useful for stratifying patients with MDD. Clinical Trials Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02869035?draw=1Registration number: NCT0286903.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Teng Ip
- Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Melanie Ganz
- Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Olbrich
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Beliveau
- Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vibeke H Dam
- Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristin Köhler-Forsberg
- Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin B Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe G Frøkjær
- Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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de Bustamante Simas ML, da Silva TL, dos Santos NRM, Lacerda AM. Mutually exclusive disorder-dependent hearing discomfort in first-episode psychosis and panic disorder: two experiments using the same auditory stimulus set and two similar musical sequences. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2022; 35:37. [PMID: 36480086 PMCID: PMC9732154 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-022-00239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the level of hearing tolerance in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and panic disorder (PD) as compared to two different groups of healthy controls (HC, HC2), one for each experiment, because we used two distinct psychophysical paradigms. We evaluated auditory discomfort of 28 volunteers (14 with FEP and 14 HC) in the first study and of 42 volunteers (21 with PD and 21 HC2) in the second study. We presented 20 sounds: 16 pure-tone frequency sweeps (specially designed for use with FEP) and 11 s or 13 s musical sequences from the very beginning of the music "Play the Game" (PLAY) from Queen and its reverses. The first procedure used a Likert-like 0-10 scale ranging from "nothing bad" to "too bad" where volunteers made vertical marks along a horizontal line according to their discomfort. The second procedure involved subjective magnitude estimation online due to the SARS-COV-19 pandemic. Sounds were placed online and played by PD and HC2 volunteers themselves after having listened to the standard (the first 8 s from RADIO, "Radio Ga Ga" by Queen). Then, PD and HC2 volunteers were asked to assign values equal to, or multiples of 10 that felt like, or proportional to, their hearing "discomfort" in comparison with Sound 00 (RADIO). Our findings showed that FEP volunteers assign more discomfort to the 16 specially designed frequency sweep stimuli that appear not to affect HC, HC2, and PD. On the other hand, musical sequences from PLAY caused strong discomfort to PD in the reverse mode, but did not seem to affect HC, HC2, and FEP. Further experiments using the exact same paradigm with FEP and PD are needed to explore these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lúcia de Bustamante Simas
- grid.411227.30000 0001 0670 7996Programa da Pós Graduação em Psicologia, Laboratório de Percepção Visual, Centro de Filosofia E Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Tamires Lima da Silva
- grid.411227.30000 0001 0670 7996Programa da Pós Graduação em Psicologia, Laboratório de Percepção Visual, Centro de Filosofia E Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Naianna Ribeiro Mocelin dos Santos
- grid.411227.30000 0001 0670 7996Programa da Pós Graduação em Psicologia, Laboratório de Percepção Visual, Centro de Filosofia E Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Aline Mendes Lacerda
- grid.411227.30000 0001 0670 7996Programa da Pós Graduação em Psicologia, Laboratório de Percepção Visual, Centro de Filosofia E Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50670-901 Brazil
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Park EJ, Park YM, Lee SH, Kim B. The Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potentials is associated with the Symptom Severity and Treatment in Boys with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 20:514-525. [PMID: 35879036 PMCID: PMC9329111 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.3.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Bongseog Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Changes in the TMS-evoked potential N100 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as a function of depression severity in adolescents. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:1339-1352. [PMID: 36029418 PMCID: PMC9550695 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation with simultaneous electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) revealed an imbalance between cortical excitation and inhibition (E/I) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in depression. As adolescence is a developmental period with an increase in depression prevalence and profound neural changes, it is crucial to study the relationship between depression and cortical excitability in adolescence. We aimed to investigate the cortical excitability of the DLPFC in adolescents with depression and a dependency of the TMS-evoked potential N100 on the depression severity. 36 clinical patients (12–18 years of age; 21 females) with a major depressive episode were assessed twice in a longitudinal design: shortly after admission (T0) and after six weeks of intervention (T1). GABA-B-mediated cortical inhibition in the left and right DLPFC, as assessed by the N100, was recorded with EEG. Significantly higher depression scores were reported at T0 compared to T1 (p < 0.001). N100 amplitudes were significantly increased (i.e., more negative) at T0 compared to T1 (p = 0.03). No significant hemispheric difference was found in the N100 component. The correlation between the difference in depression severity and the difference in N100 amplitudes (T0–T1) obtained during stimulation of the left DLPFC did not remain significant after correction for testing in both hemispheres. Higher N100 amplitudes during a state of greater depression severity are suggestive of an E/I imbalance in the DLPFC in adolescents with an acute depressive episode. The N100 reduction potentially reflects a normalization of DLPFC over inhibition in association with decreased depressive symptomatology, indicating severity dependency.
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Kangas ES, Vuoriainen E, Lindeman S, Astikainen P. Auditory event-related potentials in separating patients with depressive disorders and non-depressed controls: A narrative review. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 179:119-142. [PMID: 35839902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review brings together the findings regarding the differences in the auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) between patients with depressive disorder and non-depressed control subjects. These studies' results can inform us of the possible alterations in sensory-cognitive processing in depressive disorders and the potential of using these ERPs in clinical applications. Auditory P3, mismatch negativity (MMN) and loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) were the subjects of the investigation. A search in PubMed yielded 84 studies. The findings of the reviewed studies were not highly consistent, but some patterns could be identified. For auditory P3b, the common findings were attenuated amplitude and prolonged latency among depressed patients. Regarding auditory MMN, especially the amplitude of duration deviance MMN was commonly attenuated, and the amplitude of frequency deviance MMN was increased in depressed patients. In LDAEP studies, generally, no differences between depressed patients and non-depressed controls were reported, although some group differences concerning specific depression subtypes were found. This review posits that future research should investigate whether certain stimulus conditions are particularly efficient at separating depressed and non-depressed participant groups. Future studies should contrast responses in different subpopulations of depressed patients, as well as different clinical groups (e.g., depressive disorder and anxiety disorder patients), to investigate the specificity of the auditory ERP alterations for depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina S Kangas
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Elisa Vuoriainen
- Human Information Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences / Psychology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sari Lindeman
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Piia Astikainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Coffman BA, Ren X, Longenecker J, Torrence N, Fishel V, Seebold D, Wang Y, Curtis M, Salisbury DF. Aberrant attentional modulation of the auditory steady state response (ASSR) is related to auditory hallucination severity in the first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:188-196. [PMID: 35490500 PMCID: PMC9703618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The 40-Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR) is reduced early in schizophrenia, with differences evident even at the first episode of schizophrenia-spectrum psychosis (FESz). Although robust, there is high variability in effect size across studies, possibly due to differences in experimental control of attention and heterogeneity of symptom profiles across studies, both of which may affect the ASSR. We investigated the relationships among ASSR deficits, attention-mediated sensory gain, and auditory hallucinations in 25 FESz (15 male; 23.3 ± 4.5 years) and 32 matched healthy comparison subjects (HC, 22 male; 24.7 ± 5.8 years). ASSR was measured to 40-Hz click trains at three intensities (75, 80, and 85 dB) while participants attended or ignored stimuli. ASSR evoked power and inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) were measured using the Morlet wavelet transform. FESz did not show overall ASSR power reduction (p > 0.1), but power was significantly increased with attention in HC (p < 0.01), but not in FESz (p > 0.1). Likewise, FESz did not evince overall ASSR ITPC reduction (p > 0.1), and ITPC was significantly increased with attention in HC (p < 0.01), but not in FESz (p > 0.09). Attention-related change in ASSR correlated with auditory hallucination severity for power (r = -0.49, p < 0.05) and ITPC (r = -0.58, p < 0.01). FESz with auditory hallucinations may have pathologically increased basal excitability of auditory cortex and consequent reduced ability to further increase auditory cortex sensory gain with focused attention. These findings indicate hallucination-related pathophysiology early in schizophrenia and may guide novel intervention strategies aimed to modulate basal activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Coffman
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xi Ren
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Julia Longenecker
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natasha Torrence
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vanessa Fishel
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dylan Seebold
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yiming Wang
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark Curtis
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dean F. Salisbury
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Corresponding author. Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Forbes Ave, Suite 420, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. (D.F. Salisbury)
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Jang KI, Kim S, Lee C, Chae JH. Association between the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials and age in patients with schizophrenia and depression. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221109789. [PMID: 35808808 PMCID: PMC9274422 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221109789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although serotonergic dysfunction is significantly associated with major
depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), comparison of
serotonergic dysfunction in both diseases has received little attention.
Serotonin hypotheses have suggested diminished and elevated serotonin
activity in MDD and SCZ, respectively. However, the foundations underlying
these hypotheses are unclear regarding changes in serotonin
neurotransmission in the aging brain. The loudness dependence of auditory
evoked potentials (LDAEP) reflects serotonin neurotransmission. The present
study compared the LDAEP between patients with SCZ or MDD and healthy
controls (HCs). We further examined whether age was correlated with the
LDAEP and clinical symptoms. Methods This prospective clinical study included 105 patients with SCZ (n = 54) or
MDD (n = 51). Additionally, 35 HCs were recruited for this study. The LDAEP
was measured on the midline channels via 62 electroencephalography
channels. Results Patients with SCZ or MDD showed a significantly smaller mean LDAEP than those
in HCs. The LDAEP was positively correlated with age in patients with SCZ or
MDD. Conclusions Changes in central serotonergic activity could be indicated by evaluating the
LDAEP in patients with SCZ or MDD. Age-related reductions in serotonergic
activity may be screened using the LDAEP in patients with SCZ or MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-In Jang
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkean Kim
- Department of Human-Computer Interaction, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chany Lee
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Investigation of the Serotonergic Activity and the Serotonin Content in Serum and Platelet, and the Possible Role of the Serotonin Transporter in Patients with Depression. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12060178. [PMID: 35735388 PMCID: PMC9220674 DOI: 10.3390/bs12060178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the monoamine hypothesis, the development of depression is associated with dysfunctions of the serotonergic system. Alterations in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR), the serotonergic activity in the brain, and the content of serotonin (5-HT) have been related to depression and were examined separately by previous studies. This study investigates these parameters in 89 depressed patients and 89 healthy participants. We investigated the serotonergic activity measured by the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP). In addition to the examination of the serotonin content (serum and platelet), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used and 5-HTTLPR genotypes were analyzed. We observed a lower serotonin content in patients compared to healthy participants. Further, we noticed a correlation between anxiety and depression-associated symptoms with serotonergic activity. Patients treated with SSRI/SNRI showed decreased contents of serum serotonin compared to patients without any psychotropic medication or other psychotropic medications. Since the serotonergic activity, peripheral serotonin content, and 5-HTTLPR were unrelated, the results suggest independent alterations of central and peripheral serotonergic systems in depression. In line with this finding, serotonergic activity was related to anxiety and depression symptoms. Furthermore, the applied medication seems to influence serum serotonin content in patients with depression.
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15
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Ghaderi A, Brown EC, Clark DL, Ramasubbu R, Kiss ZHT, Protzner AB. Role of the serotonergic system in subcallosal DBS for treatment-resistant depression. Brain Stimul 2021; 15:211-213. [PMID: 34968745 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Ghaderi
- Departments of Psychology, Clinical Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - E C Brown
- Departments of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Mathison Centre, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - D L Clark
- Departments of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Mathison Centre, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - R Ramasubbu
- Departments of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Mathison Centre, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Z H T Kiss
- Departments of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Mathison Centre, University of Calgary, Canada.
| | - A B Protzner
- Department of Psychology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Mathison Centre, University of Calgary, Canada
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Bamberg C, Flasbeck V, Juckel G, Brüne M. Loudness Dependence of Auditory-evoked Potentials, a Marker of Central Serotonergic Activity, is Affected by Fasting and Selective Uptake of Food. Clin EEG Neurosci 2021; 52:391-399. [PMID: 33729043 DOI: 10.1177/15500594211000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin is an important neuromodulator involved in many physiological processes including mood and satiety. In the brain, serotonin is manufactured from tryptophan, as serotonin itself cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. Previous research has shown that blood-tryptophan levels increase upon ingestion of carbohydrates and decrease upon protein consumption. How this translates into serotonin availability is as yet under-researched. Therefore, we examined the effect of fasting versus consuming carbohydrates or protein on central serotonergic activity using a repeated-measures crossover design in a sample of 37 healthy men. The loudness dependence of auditory-evoked potentials (LDAEP) serves as a noninvasive method to study central serotonergic activity. Blood-glucose levels and mood changes were also monitored before and after the nutritional intervention. The intervention had a significant nutrition-specific effect on LDAEP and blood-glucose levels. A significant difference emerged between the fasting condition and satiety, with LDAEP being lower during satiety, irrespective of the type of food. Thus, this indicator of serotonergic activity increased after food consumption, which was further related to mood improvement. Moreover, the LDAEP differed between the 2 measurements only for the carbohydrate testing day, suggesting that LDAEP can be selectively modulated by the type of nutrition consumed. Our data further indicate a high intraindividual stability of LDAEP, as the electrophysiological signals were very similar in the fasting condition across the 2 testing days. Together, these findings demonstrate that the LDAEP can serve as a biological marker for central serotonergic activity, while at the same time being sensitive to nutritional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera Flasbeck
- 59970LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- 59970LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Brüne
- 59970LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
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17
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonergic dysfunction may play an important role in motor and nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). The loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) has been used to evaluate serotonergic activity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine central serotonergic activity using LDAEP in de novo PD according to the age at onset and changes in serotonergic activity after dopaminergic treatment. METHODS A total of 30 patients with unmedicated PD, 16 in the early-onset and 14 in the late-onset groups, were enrolled. All subjects underwent comprehensive neurological examination, laboratory tests, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, and LDAEP. The LDAEP was calculated as the slope of the two N1/P2 peaks measured at the Cz electrode, first at baseline conditions (pretreatment) and a second time after 12 weeks (post-treatment) following dopaminergic medications. RESULTS The absolute values of pretreatment N1/P2 LDAEP (early-onset: late-onset, 0.99 ± 0.68: 1.62 ± 0.88, p = 0.035) and post-treatment N1 LDAEP (early-onset: late-onset, -0.61 ± 0.61: -1.26 ± 0.91, p = 0.03) were significantly lower in the early-onset group compared with those of the late-onset group. In addition, a higher value of pretreatment N1/P2 LDAEP was significantly correlated with the late-onset group (coefficient = 1.204, p = 0.044). The absolute value of the N1 LDAEP decreased after 12 weeks of taking dopaminergic medication (pretreatment: post-treatment, -1.457 ± 1.078: -0.904 ± 0.812, p = 0.0018). CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this study, LDAEP could be a marker for serotonergic neurotransmission in PD. Central serotonergic activity assessed by LDAEP may be more preserved in early-onset PD patients and can be altered with dopaminergic medication.
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18
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Hwang M, Lee YJ, Lee M, Kang B, Lee YS, Hwang J, Woo SI, Hahn SW. Relationship Between the Loudness Dependence of the Auditory Evoked Potential and the Severity of Suicidal Ideation in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 19:323-333. [PMID: 33888661 PMCID: PMC8077063 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.2.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective The loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) is a reliable indicator that is inversely related to central serotonergic activity, and recent studies have suggested an association between LDAEP and suicidal ideation. This study investigated differences in LDAEP between patients with major depressive disorder and high suicidality and those with major depressive disorder and low suicidality compared to healthy controls. Methods This study included 67 participants: 23 patients with major depressive disorder with high suicidality (9 males, mean age 29.3 ± 15.7 years, total score of SSI-BECK ≥ 15), 22 patients with major depressive disorder with low suicidality (9 males, mean age 42.2 ± 14.4 years, total score of SSI-BECK ≤ 14), and 22 healthy controls (11 males, mean age 31.6 ± 8.7 years). Participants completed the following assessments: Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Scale for Suicidal ideation, State Anxiety Scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and LDAEP (measured at electrode Cz). Results There were no sex-related differences among groups (p = 0.821). The high-suicidality group exhibited significantly higher LDAEP compared to the low-suicidality group (0.82 ± 0.79 vs. 0.26 ± 0.36, p = 0.014). No significant differences were found between the control and high-suicidality (p = 0.281) or the control and low-suicidality groups (p = 0.236). Conclusion LDAEP was applied to demonstrate the association between serotonergic activity and suicidal ideation and suicide risk in major depression and may be a candidate of biological marker for preventing suicide in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Jung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byungjoo Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Sung Lee
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Jaeuk Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a component of the difference waveform derived from passive auditory oddball stimulation. Since its inception in 1978, this has become one of the most popular event-related potential techniques, with over two-thousand published studies using this method. This is a testament to the ingenuity and commitment of generations of researchers engaging in basic, clinical and animal research. Despite this intensive effort, high-level descriptions of the mechanisms theorized to underpin mismatch negativity have scarcely changed over the past four decades. The prevailing deviance detection theory posits that MMN reflects inattentive detection of difference between repetitive standard and infrequent deviant stimuli due to a mismatch between the unexpected deviant and a memory representation of the standard. Evidence for these mechanisms is inconclusive, and a plausible alternative sensory processing theory considers fundamental principles of sensory neurophysiology to be the primary source of differences between standard and deviant responses evoked during passive oddball stimulation. By frequently being restated without appropriate methods to exclude alternatives, the potentially flawed deviance detection theory has remained largely dominant, which could lead some researchers and clinicians to assume its veracity implicitly. It is important to have a more comprehensive understanding of the source(s) of MMN generation before its widespread application as a clinical biomarker. This review evaluates issues of validity concerning the prevailing theoretical account of mismatch negativity and the passive auditory oddball paradigm, highlighting several limitations regarding its interpretation and clinical application.
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20
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Kim JS, Kim S, Lee HS, Kwon YJ, Lee HY, Shim SH. Auditory evoked potentials and suicidal behaviors in patients with major depressive disorders. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7255. [PMID: 33790320 PMCID: PMC8012352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) has been proposed as a biological marker of central serotonergic activity related to suicides. This study’s objective was to analyze the difference in LDAEP between depressed patients with suicide attempts (SA) and suicidal ideation (SI). It included 130 participants (45 depressed patients with SA, 49 depressed patients with SI, and 36 healthy controls) aged > 18 years who exhibited LDAEP during electroencephalography. Psychological characteristics and event-related potentials of the three groups were compared. There was no significant difference in LDAEP between major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with SA and SI (p = 0.59). MDD patients with SI, who attempted suicide had significantly lower LDAEP than healthy controls (p = 0.01 and p = 0.01, respectively). However, the significance disappeared when psychological characteristics were controlled. Our results suggest that LDAEP might not be possible biomarkers for suicidal behaviors in patients with MDD. Further studies to assess the biological basis of suicide and identify the underlying dimensions that mediate the relationship between the biological basis and suicidal behaviors will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkean Kim
- Department of Human-Computer Interaction, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, 15588, South Korea
| | - Ho-Sung Lee
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergy, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Shim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea.
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21
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O'Reilly JA, Conway BA. Classical and controlled auditory mismatch responses to multiple physical deviances in anaesthetised and conscious mice. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:1839-1854. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. O'Reilly
- College of Biomedical Engineering Rangsit University Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Bernard A. Conway
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
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22
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Mismatch Negativity and Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potentials among Patients with Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder, and Bipolar I Disorder. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110789. [PMID: 33126640 PMCID: PMC7692302 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) and loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP), which are event-related potentials, have been investigated as biomarkers. MMN indicates the pre-attentive function, while LDAEP may be an index of central serotonergic activity. This study aimed to test whether MMN and LDAEP are useful biological markers for distinguishing patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), as well as the relationship between MMN and LDAEP. Fifty-five patients with major depressive episodes, aged 20 to 65 years, who had MDD (n = 17), BD type II (BIID) (n = 27), and BD type I (BID) (n = 11), were included based on medical records. Patients with MDD had a higher MMN amplitude than those with BID. In addition, the MMN amplitude in F4 positively correlated with the Korean version of mood disorder questionnaire scores (r = 0.37, p = 0.014), while the MMN amplitude in F3 correlated negatively with LDAEP (r = −0.30, p = 0.024). The odds ratios for the BID group and some variables were compared with those for the MDD group using multinomial logistic regression analysis. As a result, a significant reduction of MMN amplitude was found under BID diagnosis compared to MDD diagnosis (p = 0.015). This study supported the hypothesis that MMN amplitude differed according to MDD, BIID, and BID, and there was a relationship between MMN amplitude and LDAEP. These findings also suggested that BID patients had a reduced automatic and pre-attentive processing associated with serotonergic activity or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor.
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Ruohonen EM, Kattainen S, Li X, Taskila AE, Ye C, Astikainen P. Event-Related Potentials to Changes in Sound Intensity Demonstrate Alterations in Brain Function Related to Depression and Aging. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:98. [PMID: 32292334 PMCID: PMC7119431 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Measures of the brain's automatic electrophysiological responses to sounds represent a potential tool for identifying age- and depression-related neural markers. However, these markers have rarely been studied related to aging and depression within one study. Here, we investigated auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) in the brain that may show different alterations related to aging and depression. We used an oddball condition employing changes in sound intensity to investigate: (i) sound intensity dependence; (ii) sensory gating; and (iii) change detection, all within a single paradigm. The ERPs of younger (18-40 years) and older (62-80 years) depressed female participants and age-matched non-depressed participants were measured. Intensity dependence was examined as the difference between N1 responses to repeated high- and low-intensity sounds, sensory gating as N1 responses to rare and repeated sounds, and change detection as indexed by the mismatch negativity (MMN). We found that intensity dependence was greater in older participants than younger ones, indicating effects related to aging but not to depression. For sensory gating, we found depression- and age-related alterations as increased N1 responses. No group differences were found for MMN. Although a sensory gating deficit was expected in older adults, this study is the first to demonstrate age-related overexcitability in sound intensity dependency. The results indicate that automatic brain responses to sound intensity changes are suitable for studying age- and depression-related neural markers but may not be sensitive enough to differentiate the effects of aging and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M Ruohonen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Saara Kattainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Xueqiao Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Chaoxiong Ye
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Piia Astikainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces and wearable neurotechnologies are now used to measure real-time neural and physiologic signals from the human body and hold immense potential for advancements in medical diagnostics, prevention, and intervention. Given the future role that wearable neurotechnologies will likely serve in the health sector, a critical state-of-the-art assessment is necessary to gain a better understanding of their current strengths and limitations. In this chapter we present wearable electroencephalography systems that reflect groundbreaking innovations and improvements in real-time data collection and health monitoring. We focus on specifications reflecting technical advantages and disadvantages, discuss their use in fundamental and clinical research, their current applications, limitations, and future directions. While many methodological and ethical challenges remain, these systems host the potential to facilitate large-scale data collection far beyond the reach of traditional research laboratory settings.
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Serum Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potentials at Pretreatment and Posttreatment in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9100253. [PMID: 31561419 PMCID: PMC6826742 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Several studies have reported that increased TNF-α might be associated with tryptophan depletion, which eventually could result in MDD. However, other studies revealed that TNF-α increased serotonin firing in raphe. Therefore, whether TNF-α increases or decreases serotonin activity remains unclear. Here, we aimed to determine the relationship between serum TNF-α level and central serotonergic activity using the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) and standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA), as well as to evaluate the effects of antidepressants on TNF-α levels. Methods: LDAEP, serum TNF-α level, and depression severity were measured in 64 MDD outpatients pre and post 3 months of treatment. Results: Pretreatment TNF-α levels were negatively correlated with the pretreatment N1 sLORETA-LDAEP, P2 sLORETA-LDAEP, and N1/P2 sLORETA-LDAEP (p < 0.05). In multiple regression analysis for N1/P2 sLORETA-LDAEP, lower N1/P2 sLORETA-LDAEP was significantly related to higher TNF-α (CE = −0.047, p = 0.017) when all subjects were dichotomized based on the median TNF-α level (7.16 pg/mL) into pretreatment low- and high-TNF-α groups. In addition, the pretreatment Beck Depression Inventory, P2 LDAEP, and N1/P2 sLORETA-LDAEP were greater in the high-TNF-α groups than in the low-TNF-α groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the posttreatment TNF-α level was significantly decreased compared to the pretreatment TNF-α level (z = −2.581, p = 0.01). However, the posttreatment TNF-α levels were not associated with posttreatment LDAEP. Conclusions: Higher TNF-α level is associated with decreased LDAEP, which could indicate compensatory elevation of central serotonin activity in outpatients with MDD, although this effect disappeared and TNF-α level was reduced after three months of antidepressant treatment.
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Martinotti G, Montemitro C, Pettorruso M, Viceconte D, Alessi MC, Di Carlo F, Lucidi L, Picutti E, Santacroce R, Di Giannantonio M. Augmenting pharmacotherapy with neuromodulation techniques for the treatment of bipolar disorder: a focus on the effects of mood stabilizers on cortical excitability. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:1575-1588. [PMID: 31150304 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1622092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Mood stabilizers and antipsychotics have been demonstrated to be effective in Bipolar Disorder, with lithium as the gold standard. However, the presence of adverse events and treatment-resistance is still a relevant issue. To this respect, the use of brain stimulation techniques may be considered as an augmentation strategy, with both Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) having shown some level of efficacy in bipolar patients although clinical trials are still not sufficient to draw any conclusion. Areas covered: The authors have conducted a systematic review of the literature, in order to evaluate the role of mood stabilizers on neural activity and cortical excitability. Furthermore, the article reviews neuromodulation techniques and highlights the potential of integrating pharmacological first-line therapies with these techniques to treat BD patients. Expert opinion: The combination of neuromodulation techniques and available pharmacotherapies is a valuable opportunity which is not undermined by specific effects on cortical excitability and could improve BD patient outcome. Neurostimulation techniques may be considered safer than antidepressant treatments in BD, with a lower level of manic switches and may represent a new treatment strategy in BD depressive episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti , Chieti , Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology, Clinical Science, University of Hertfordshire , Herts , UK
| | - C Montemitro
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti , Chieti , Italy
| | - M Pettorruso
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti , Chieti , Italy
| | - D Viceconte
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti , Chieti , Italy
| | - M C Alessi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti , Chieti , Italy
| | - F Di Carlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti , Chieti , Italy
| | - L Lucidi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti , Chieti , Italy
| | - E Picutti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti , Chieti , Italy
| | - R Santacroce
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti , Chieti , Italy
| | - M Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti , Chieti , Italy
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Association of the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials with clinical changes to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with depression. J Affect Disord 2018; 238:451-457. [PMID: 29920440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment of depression has been well investigated, there are few biological predictors of clinical outcomes to rTMS treatment. Previous studies have suggested that the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) can be used as a predictor of response to antidepressant treatment. However, little is known about the association between rTMS and LDAEP. The present study aimed to investigate whether baseline LDAEP is associated with clinical changes to rTMS treatment in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and to explore the effect of high-frequency rTMS on LDAEP. METHODS Thirty patients were randomized to receive 15 sessions of active (n = 15) or sham rTMS (n = 15). LDAEP and clinical measures of depression were assessed before and after 10 Hz rTMS treatment for 15 days. RESULTS Baseline LDAEP was associated with changes in scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. There were no significant effects of rTMS on LDAEP. Patients with high LDAEP exhibited more favorable clinical changes than those with low LDAEP following treatment with rTMS. LIMITATIONS The sample was relatively small, and the participants were not divided into responders and non-responders group due to small sample. An influence of medication has not been controlled. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that high baseline LDAEP may be associated with favorable clinical changes to rTMS treatment in patients with MDD. Further studies are required to replicate and validate the potential use of LDAEP as a predictor of clinical changes to rTMS treatment.
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28
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Ritter PS, Schwabedal J, Brandt M, Schrempf W, Brezan F, Krupka A, Sauer C, Pfennig A, Bauer M, Soltmann B, Nikitin E. Sleep spindles in bipolar disorder - a comparison to healthy control subjects. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2018; 138:163-172. [PMID: 29974456 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorder is a severe mental disorder for which currently no reliable biomarkers exist. It has been shown that patients with schizophrenia but not with unipolar depression have a reduced density of fast sleep spindles during N2 sleep. The aim of this study was to assess fast sleep spindle density in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. METHODS Patients with bipolar disorder (n = 24) and healthy control subjects (n = 25) were assessed using all-night polysomnography. Sleep spindles within stage N2 sleep were identified by visual inspection and subdivided into fast (>13 Hz) and slow (≤13 Hz) spindles. All spindles were subsequently characterised by density, frequency, amplitude, duration and coherence. RESULTS Euthymic patients with bipolar disorder were found to have a reduced density and a lower mean frequency of fast spindles. Slow spindle density and frequency did not differ between groups. There were no differences regarding amplitude, duration or coherence. CONCLUSIONS A reduction in fast spindle density during N2 sleep points towards thalamic dysfunction as a potential neurobiological mechanism of relevance in bipolar disorder. In addition, a reduced sleep spindle density could be interpreted as a common endophenotype shared with schizophrenia but not unipolar depression and may - if replicated - be of utility in early recognition and risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Ritter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Schwabedal
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Brandt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - W Schrempf
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - F Brezan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Krupka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - C Sauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - B Soltmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - E Nikitin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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29
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Uhl I, Kulik A, Roser P, Theodoridou A, Wyss C, Norra C, Brüne M, Kawohl W, Juckel G. Central serotonergic function in patients with predominantly negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018. [PMID: 28641887 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Uhl
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Germany
| | - A Kulik
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Germany
| | - P Roser
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Germany
| | - A Theodoridou
- Psychiatric University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Wyss
- Psychiatric University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Norra
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Germany
| | - M Brüne
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Germany
| | - W Kawohl
- Psychiatric University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Germany.
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30
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Seha SNA, Hatzinakos D. Human recognition using transient auditory evoked potentials: a preliminary study. IET BIOMETRICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1049/iet-bmt.2017.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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31
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Teichert T. Loudness- and time-dependence of auditory evoked potentials is blunted by the NMDA channel blocker MK-801. Psychiatry Res 2017. [PMID: 28645081 PMCID: PMC5723527 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amplitudes of auditory evoked potentials (AEP) increase with the intensity/loudness of sounds (loudness-dependence of AEP, LDAEP), and the time between adjacent sounds (time-dependence of AEP, TDAEP). Both, blunted LDAEP and blunted TDAEP are markers of altered auditory function in schizophrenia (SZ). However, while blunted LDAEP has been attributed to altered serotonergic function, blunted TDAEP has been linked to altered NMDA receptor function. Despite phenomenological similarities of the two effects, no common pharmacological underpinnings have been identified. To test whether LDAEP and TDAEP are both affected by NMDA receptor blockade, two rhesus macaques passively listened to auditory clicks of 5 different intensities presented with stimulus-onset asynchronies ranging between 0.2 and 6.4s. 8 AEP components were analyzed, including the N85, the presumed human N1 homolog. LDAEP and TDAEP were estimated as the slopes of AEP amplitude with intensity and the logarithm of stimulus-onset asynchrony, respectively. On different days, AEPs were collected after systemic injection of MK-801 or vehicle. Both TDAEP and LDAEP of the N85 were blunted by the NMDA blocker MK-801 and recapitulate the SZ phenotype. In summary, LDAEP and TDAEP share important pharmacological commonalities that may help identify a common pharmacological intervention to normalize both electrophysiological phenotypes in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Teichert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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32
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Involvement of the Serotonin Transporter Gene in Accurate Subcortical Speech Encoding. J Neurosci 2017; 36:10782-10790. [PMID: 27798133 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1595-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A flourishing line of evidence has highlighted the encoding of speech sounds in the subcortical auditory system as being shaped by acoustic, linguistic, and musical experience and training. And while the heritability of auditory speech as well as nonspeech processing has been suggested, the genetic determinants of subcortical speech processing have not yet been uncovered. Here, we postulated that the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), a common functional polymorphism located in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4), is implicated in speech encoding in the human subcortical auditory pathway. Serotonin has been shown as essential for modulating the brain response to sound both cortically and subcortically, yet the genetic factors regulating this modulation regarding speech sounds have not been disclosed. We recorded the frequency following response, a biomarker of the neural tracking of speech sounds in the subcortical auditory pathway, and cortical evoked potentials in 58 participants elicited to the syllable /ba/, which was presented >2000 times. Participants with low serotonin transporter expression had higher signal-to-noise ratios as well as a higher pitch strength representation of the periodic part of the syllable than participants with medium to high expression, possibly by tuning synaptic activity to the stimulus features and hence a more efficient suppression of noise. These results imply the 5-HTTLPR in subcortical auditory speech encoding and add an important, genetically determined layer to the factors shaping the human subcortical response to speech sounds. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The accurate encoding of speech sounds in the subcortical auditory nervous system is of paramount relevance for human communication, and it has been shown to be altered in different disorders of speech and auditory processing. Importantly, this encoding is plastic and can therefore be enhanced by language and music experience. Whether genetic factors play a role in speech encoding at the subcortical level remains unresolved. Here we show that a common polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene relates to an accurate and robust neural tracking of speech stimuli in the subcortical auditory pathway. This indicates that serotonin transporter expression, eventually in combination with other polymorphisms, delimits the extent to which lifetime experience shapes the subcortical encoding of speech.
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33
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Wyss C, Tse DHY, Kometer M, Dammers J, Achermann R, Shah NJ, Kawohl W, Neuner I. GABA metabolism and its role in gamma-band oscillatory activity during auditory processing: An MRS and EEG study. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:3975-3987. [PMID: 28480987 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate are believed to have inhibitory and exhibitory neuromodulatory effects that regulate the brain's response to sensory perception. Furthermore, frequency-specific synchronization of neuronal excitability within the gamma band (30-80 Hz) is attributable to a homeostatic balance between excitation and inhibition. However, our understanding of the physiological mechanism underlying gamma rhythms is based on animal models. Investigations of the relationship between GABA concentrations, glutamate concentrations, and gamma band activity in humans were mostly restricted to the visual cortex and are conflicting. Here, we performed a multimodal imaging study combining magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) with electroencephalography (EEG) in the auditory cortex. In 14 healthy subjects, we investigated the impact of individual differences in GABA and glutamate concentration on gamma band response (GBR) following auditory stimulus presentation. We explored the effects of bulk GABA on the GBR across frequency (30-200 Hz) and time (-200 to 600 ms) and found no significant relationship. Furthermore, no correlations were found between gamma peak frequency or power measures and metabolite concentrations (GABA, glutamate, and GABA/glutamate ratio). These findings suggest that, according to MRS measurements, and given the auditory stimuli used in this study, GABA and glutamate concentrations are unlikely to play a significant role in the inhibitory and excitatory drive in the generation of gamma band activity in the auditory cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3975-3987, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wyss
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapie and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Desmond H Y Tse
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Kometer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapie and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Dammers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
| | - Rita Achermann
- Psychological Methods, Evaluation and Statistics, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.,JARA-Brain, Translational Medicine, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Wolfram Kawohl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapie and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irene Neuner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.,JARA-Brain, Translational Medicine, Jülich, Germany
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34
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Thelin J, Halje P, Nielsen J, Didriksen M, Petersson P, Bastlund JF. The translationally relevant mouse model of the 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome reveals deficits in neuronal spike firing matching clinical neurophysiological biomarkers seen in schizophrenia. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 220:124-136. [PMID: 27364459 PMCID: PMC5412918 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aim To date, the understanding and development of novel treatments for mental illness is hampered by inadequate animal models. For instance, it is unclear to what extent commonly used behavioural tests in animals can inform us on the mental and affective aspects of schizophrenia. Methods To link pathophysiological processes in an animal model to clinical findings, we have here utilized the recently developed Df(h15q13)/+ mouse model for detailed investigations of cortical neuronal engagement during pre‐attentive processing of auditory information from two back‐translational auditory paradigms. We also investigate if compromised putative fast‐spiking interneurone (FSI) function can be restored through pharmacological intervention using the Kv3.1 channel opener RE1. Chronic multi‐array electrodes in primary auditory cortex were used to record single cell firing from putative pyramidal and FSI in awake animals during processing of auditory sensory information. Results We find a decreased amplitude in the response to auditory stimuli and reduced recruitment of neurones to fast steady‐state gamma oscillatory activity. These results resemble encephalography recordings in patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, the probability of interneurones to fire with low interspike intervals during 80 Hz auditory stimulation was reduced in Df(h15q13)/+ mice, an effect that was partially reversed by the Kv3.1 channel modulator, RE1. Conclusion This study offers insight into the consequences on a neuronal level of carrying the 15q13.3 microdeletion. Furthermore, it points to deficient functioning of interneurones as a potential pathophysiological mechanism in schizophrenia and suggests a therapeutic potential of Kv3.1 channel openers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Thelin
- Neuroscience Research DK; H. Lundbeck A/S; Valby Denmark
- Neuronano Research Center; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - P. Halje
- Neuronano Research Center; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - J. Nielsen
- Neuroscience Research DK; H. Lundbeck A/S; Valby Denmark
| | - M. Didriksen
- Neuroscience Research DK; H. Lundbeck A/S; Valby Denmark
| | - P. Petersson
- Neuronano Research Center; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - J. F. Bastlund
- Neuroscience Research DK; H. Lundbeck A/S; Valby Denmark
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35
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Grass A, Bayer M, Schacht A. Electrophysiological Correlates of Emotional Content and Volume Level in Spoken Word Processing. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:326. [PMID: 27458359 PMCID: PMC4930929 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For visual stimuli of emotional content as pictures and written words, stimulus size has been shown to increase emotion effects in the early posterior negativity (EPN), a component of event-related potentials (ERPs) indexing attention allocation during visual sensory encoding. In the present study, we addressed the question whether this enhanced relevance of larger (visual) stimuli might generalize to the auditory domain and whether auditory emotion effects are modulated by volume. Therefore, subjects were listening to spoken words with emotional or neutral content, played at two different volume levels, while ERPs were recorded. Negative emotional content led to an increased frontal positivity and parieto-occipital negativity-a scalp distribution similar to the EPN-between ~370 and 530 ms. Importantly, this emotion-related ERP component was not modulated by differences in volume level, which impacted early auditory processing, as reflected in increased amplitudes of the N1 (80-130 ms) and P2 (130-265 ms) components as hypothesized. However, contrary to effects of stimulus size in the visual domain, volume level did not influence later ERP components. These findings indicate modality-specific and functionally independent processing triggered by emotional content of spoken words and volume level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Grass
- Courant Research Centre Text Structures, University of GöttingenGöttingen, Germany; Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate CognitionGöttingen, Germany
| | - Mareike Bayer
- Courant Research Centre Text Structures, University of Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annekathrin Schacht
- Courant Research Centre Text Structures, University of GöttingenGöttingen, Germany; Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate CognitionGöttingen, Germany
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36
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Jang KI, Lee SH, Huh HJ, Chae JH. Influence of the 5-HT3A Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Childhood Sexual Trauma on Central Serotonin Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145269. [PMID: 26701104 PMCID: PMC4689356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gene-environment interactions are important for understanding alterations in human brain function. The loudness dependence of auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) is known to reflect central serotonergic activity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5-HT3A serotonin receptor gene are associated with psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effect between 5-HT3A receptor gene polymorphisms and childhood sexual trauma on the LDAEP as an electrophysiological marker in healthy subjects. Methods A total of 206 healthy subjects were recruited and evaluated using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Peak-to-peak N1/P2 was measured at five stimulus intensities, and the LDAEP was calculated as the linear-regression slope. In addition, the rs1062613 SNPs of 5-HT3A (CC, CT, and TT) were analyzed in healthy subjects. Results There was a significant interaction between scores on the CTQ-sexual abuse subscale and 5-HT3A genotype on the LDAEP. Subjects with the CC polymorphism had a significantly higher LDEAP than T carriers in the sexually abused group. In addition, CC genotype subjects in the sexually abused group showed a significantly higher LDAEP compared with CC genotype subjects in the non-sexually abused group. Conclusions Our findings suggest that people with the CC polymorphism of the 5-HT3A gene have a greater risk of developing mental health problems if they have experienced childhood sexual abuse, possibly due to low central serotonin activity. Conversely, the T polymorphism may be protective against any central serotonergic changes following childhood sexual trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-In Jang
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyu Jung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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37
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Papesh MA, Hurley LM. Modulation of auditory brainstem responses by serotonin and specific serotonin receptors. Hear Res 2015; 332:121-136. [PMID: 26688176 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The neuromodulator serotonin is found throughout the auditory system from the cochlea to the cortex. Although effects of serotonin have been reported at the level of single neurons in many brainstem nuclei, how these effects correspond to more integrated measures of auditory processing has not been well-explored. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the effects of serotonin on far-field auditory brainstem responses (ABR) across a wide range of stimulus frequencies and intensities. Using a mouse model, we investigated the consequences of systemic serotonin depletion, as well as the selective stimulation and suppression of the 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors, on ABR latency and amplitude. Stimuli included tone pips spanning four octaves presented over a forty dB range. Depletion of serotonin reduced the ABR latencies in Wave II and later waves, suggesting that serotonergic effects occur as early as the cochlear nucleus. Further, agonists and antagonists of specific serotonergic receptors had different profiles of effects on ABR latencies and amplitudes across waves and frequencies, suggestive of distinct effects of these agents on auditory processing. Finally, most serotonergic effects were more pronounced at lower ABR frequencies, suggesting larger or more directional modulation of low-frequency processing. This is the first study to describe the effects of serotonin on ABR responses across a wide range of stimulus frequencies and amplitudes, and it presents an important step in understanding how serotonergic modulation of auditory brainstem processing may contribute to modulation of auditory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Papesh
- Indiana University, Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, 200 South Jordan Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Laura M Hurley
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, 1001 E. Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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38
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Hagenmuller F, Heekeren K, Meier M, Theodoridou A, Walitza S, Haker H, Rössler W, Kawohl W. The Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potentials (LDAEP) in individuals at risk for developing bipolar disorders and schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 127:1342-1350. [PMID: 26639170 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potentials (LDAEP) is considered as an indicator of central serotonergic activity. Alteration of serotonergic neurotransmission was reported in bipolar disorders and schizophrenia. In line with previous reports on clinically manifest disorders, we expected a weaker LDAEP in subjects at risk for bipolar disorders and schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. METHODS We analyzed LDAEP of individuals at risk for developing bipolar disorders (n=27), with high-risk status (n=74) and ultra-high-risk status for schizophrenia (n=86) and healthy controls (n=47). RESULTS The LDAEP did not differ between subjects at risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorders and controls. Among subjects without medication (n=122), the at-risk-bipolar group showed a trend towards a weaker LDAEP than both the high-risk and the ultra-high-risk groups for schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS The LDAEP did not appear as a vulnerability marker for schizophrenia or bipolar disorders. This suggests that an altered LDAEP may not be measurable until the onset of clinically manifest disorder. However, the hypothesis that pathogenic mechanisms leading to bipolar disorders may differ from those leading to schizophrenia is supported. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study investigating LDAEP in a population at risk for bipolar disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Hagenmuller
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karsten Heekeren
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Magali Meier
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anastasia Theodoridou
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helene Haker
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wulf Rössler
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wolfram Kawohl
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Šilhán P, Jelínková M, Walter U, Pavlov Praško J, Herzig R, Langová K, Školoudík D. Transcranial sonography of brainstem structures in panic disorder. Psychiatry Res 2015; 234:137-43. [PMID: 26371456 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Panic disorder has been associated with altered serotonin metabolism in the brainstem raphe. The aim of study was to evaluate the BR echogenicity on transcranial sonography (TCS) in panic disorder. A total of 96 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the "derivation" cohort, and 26 healthy volunteers and 26 panic disorder patients were enrolled in the "validation" cohort. TCS echogenicity of brainstem raphe and substantia nigra was assessed on anonymized images visually and by means of digitized image analysis. Significantly reduced brainstem raphe echogenicity was detected more frequently in panic disorder patients than in controls using both visual (68% vs. 31%) and digitized image analysis (52% vs. 12%). The optimal cut-off value of digitized brainstem raphe echogenicity indicated the diagnosis of panic disorder with a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 73%, and corresponded to the 30th percentile in the derivation cohort. Reduced brainstem raphe echogenicity was associated with shorter treatment duration, and, by trend, lower severity of anxiety. No relationship was found between echogenicity of brainstem raphe or substantia nigra and age, gender, severity of panic disorder, or severity of depression. Patients with panic disorder exhibit changes of brainstem raphe on TCS suggesting an alteration of the central serotonergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Šilhán
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Jelínková
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, 17 listopadu 1780, CZ-708 56 Ostrava, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, Hospital Karviná-Ráj, Czech Republic
| | - Uwe Walter
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ján Pavlov Praško
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Herzig
- Department of Neurology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Langová
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Školoudík
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, 17 listopadu 1780, CZ-708 56 Ostrava, Czech Republic; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Park YM, Jung E, Kim HS, Hahn SW, Lee SH. Differences in central serotoninergic transmission among patients with recent onset, sub-chronic, and chronic schizophrenia as assessed by the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials. Schizophr Res 2015; 168:180-4. [PMID: 26232871 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that abnormalities in serotonin systems are associated with schizophrenia. The loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) has been used as a metric of central serotonin activity. The present study aimed to evaluate LDAEP in patients with schizophrenia of differing chronicity. Sixty-four patients with schizophrenia and 50 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. LDAEP and psychometric ratings, such as the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), were measured. The cohort was stratified into three subgroups according to the duration of illness: recent onset (<2years, n=21), sub-chronic (2-9years, n=28), and chronic (≥10years, n=15) groups. The LDAEP differed significantly among the three groups. A post-hoc analysis (Bonferroni) demonstrated that the LDAEP differed significantly between the recent onset and chronic groups (p=0.029), and between the healthy control and chronic groups (p=0.008). Age, sex, dosage of antipsychotics, and smoking did not significantly affect the group differences. In the correlation analysis, there was a significant correlation of LDAEP values with illness duration (r=-0.259, p=0.045). The present study verifies that the LDAEP is related to the duration of illness in patients with schizophrenia. This suggests that central serotonin neurotransmission is changeable, and it may depend on the chronicity of schizophrenia pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoo Jung
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Sook Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Graßnickel V, Illes F, Juckel G, Uhl I. Loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) in clinical monitoring of suicidal patients with major depression in comparison with non-suicidal depressed patients and healthy volunteers: A follow-up-study. J Affect Disord 2015; 184:299-304. [PMID: 26120809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Differences in central serotonergic function due to affective disorders and due to extraordinary situations like suicidality may be visualized using the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP). Twenty patients (mean age 43.25 ± 10.85, age range 20-61, 11 male) suffering from a major depressive episode who had either acutely attempted suicide or who had suicidal plans and behavior, which are reflected by item 3 of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ≥ 3 (suicidality), were included in the study. Furthermore, we intended to compare their LDAEP to those of non-suicidal depressed patients as well as to healthy volunteers, each matched according to age and gender. LDAEP measurement and psychometric tests took place about 2, 5, 9, 16 and 30 days after acute suicidal action or suicide attempts. In contrast to previous results, significant differences in LDAEP could not have been shown in between the suicidal group, or by comparing results of suicidal patients to non-suicidal depressed patients or to healthy volunteers. However, when the LDAEP of non-suicidal depressed patients were compared to healthy volunteers, there was a trend for a higher LDAEP in the healthy volunteers. Further studies are necessary to detect and describe further influences on serotonergic function and confounding factors like medication, smoking, age, gender, comorbidities and methods of suicidal attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Graßnickel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Alexandrinenstrasse 1-3, 44791 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Franciska Illes
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Alexandrinenstrasse 1-3, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Alexandrinenstrasse 1-3, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Idun Uhl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Alexandrinenstrasse 1-3, 44791 Bochum, Germany
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Prediction of long-term treatment response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) using scalp and source loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) analysis in patients with major depressive disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6251-65. [PMID: 25794285 PMCID: PMC4394530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16036251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) is inversely related to central serotonergic activity, with a high LDAEP reflecting weak serotonergic neurotransmission and vice versa, though the findings in humans have been less consistent. In addition, a high pretreatment LDAEP appears to predict a favorable response to antidepressant treatments that augment the actions of serotonin. The aim of this study was to test whether the baseline LDAEP is correlated with response to long-term maintenance treatment in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS Scalp N1, P2 and N1/P2 LDAEP and standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography-localized N1, P2, and N1/P2 LDAEP were evaluated in 41 MDD patients before and after they received antidepressant treatment (escitalopram (n = 32, 10.0 ± 4.0 mg/day), sertraline (n = 7, 78.6 ± 26.7 mg/day), and paroxetine controlled-release formulation (n = 2, 18.8 ± 8.8 mg/day)) for more than 12 weeks. A treatment response was defined as a reduction in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score of >50% between baseline and follow-up. RESULTS The responders had higher baseline scalp P2 and N1/P2 LDAEP than nonresponders (p = 0.017; p = 0.036). In addition, changes in total BDI score between baseline and follow-up were larger in subjects with a high baseline N1/P2 LDAEP than those with a low baseline N1/P2 LDAEP (p = 0.009). There were significantly more responders in the high-LDAEP group than in the low-LDAEP group (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study reveal that a high baseline LDAEP is associated with a clinical response to long-term antidepressant treatment.
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Lijffijt M, Lane SD, Moeller FG, Steinberg JL, Swann AC. Trait impulsivity and increased pre-attentional sensitivity to intense stimuli in bipolar disorder and controls. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 60:73-80. [PMID: 25455512 PMCID: PMC9067584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity and sensation seeking are stimulus-oriented traits. Because they differ in degree of intention and planning, they may have distinct neurophysiological mechanisms. Impulsivity is prominent in bipolar disorder, and may be related to pre-attentional information filtering and stimulus-orientation. We investigated specificity of relationships between impulsivity and sensitivity to stimulus intensity in bipolar disorder and controls, using intensity-sensitivity of auditory evoked potentials. Seventy-six subjects (37 healthy controls, 39 with bipolar disorder) were administered an intensity-sensitivity paradigm. Additional measures included Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and Eysenck Impulsivity and Venturesomeness scores. State-dependent rapid-response impulsivity was measured using the Immediate Memory Task. Intensity-sensitivities of the auditory evoked P1N1, N1P2, P1, N1, and P2 potentials were assessed as the slope of amplitude relative to loudness. Analyses used general linear models (GLM) with impulsivity-related measures as dependent variables and age, gender, education, and diagnosis as dependent variables. BIS-11 total, motor, and attentional impulsivity scores correlated positively with pre-attentional N1 and P1N1 intensity-sensitivity slopes in bipolar disorder, but not in controls. BIS-11 nonplanning and Eysenck Venturesomeness scores did not correlate with intensity-sensitivity. Intensity-sensitivity slopes did not correlate with rapid-response impulsivity. Correlations between N1 or P1N1 slopes and BIS-11 scores in bipolar disorder were not affected by age, education, WAIS, treatment, symptoms, or gender. Trait impulsivity in bipolar disorder may be related to poorly modulated stimulus-driven late pre-attentional responses to stimuli, potentially resulting in exaggerated responses to intense stimuli even before conscious awareness. Components of trait impulsivity are physiologically heterogenous relative to intensity-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Lijffijt
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM350, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Scott D Lane
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - F Gerard Moeller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Joel L Steinberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Alan C Swann
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, 2002 E. Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM350, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Wyss C, Boers F, Kawohl W, Arrubla J, Vahedipour K, Dammers J, Neuner I, Shah N. Spatiotemporal properties of auditory intensity processing in multisensor MEG. Neuroimage 2014; 102 Pt 2:465-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Lee SH, Park YC, Yoon S, Kim JI, Hahn SW. Clinical implications of loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials in patients with atypical depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 54:7-12. [PMID: 24865151 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) has been proposed as a useful biomarker of serotonin activity, and the LDAEP value is low in patients with melancholic depression. In this study, we evaluated LDAEP levels in patients with atypical depression. METHODS We recruited 53 patients with atypical depression and 68 patients with non-atypical depression. Subjects were evaluated by the Atypical Depression Diagnostic Scale (ADDS), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA), Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSI), Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) scales, and Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS). To determine LDAEP, the peak-to-peak N1/P2 was measured at five stimulus intensities and the LDAEP was calculated as the linear-regression slope. RESULTS Patients with atypical depression had stronger LDAEP values and higher BAS and HPS scores than those with non-atypical depression. LDAEP showed a pattern of gradual decrease according to ADDS score hierarchy in patients with major depressive disorder. In the atypical depression group, LDAEP showed significant negative correlation with the BSI score and significant positive correlation with BAS score. In the non-atypical depression group, LDAEP did not show any significant correlations with the scores of psychological scales. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there is a relatively deficient serotonergic activity in patients with atypical depression and that LDAEP reflects mood reactivity. The transient drop of serotonergic activity induced by mood vulnerability might contribute to suicidal tendencies in patients with atypical depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Juhwa-ro 170, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Juhwa-ro 170, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Cheon Park
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Juhwa-ro 170, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkyung Yoon
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Juhwa-ro 170, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-In Kim
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Juhwa-ro 170, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University of College of Medicine, 22, Daesagwan-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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A mouse model that recapitulates cardinal features of the 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome including schizophrenia- and epilepsy-related alterations. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:128-37. [PMID: 24090792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide scans have uncovered rare copy number variants conferring high risk of psychiatric disorders. The 15q13.3 microdeletion is associated with a considerably increased risk of idiopathic generalized epilepsy, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia. METHODS A 15q13.3 microdeletion mouse model (Df[h15q13]/+) was generated by hemizygous deletion of the orthologous region and characterized with focus on schizophrenia- and epilepsy-relevant parameters. RESULTS Df(h15q13)/+ mice showed marked changes in neuronal excitability in acute seizure assays, with increased propensity to develop myoclonic and absence-like seizures but decreased propensity for clonic and tonic seizures. Furthermore, they had impaired long-term spatial reference memory and a decreased theta frequency in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Electroencephalogram characterization revealed auditory processing deficits similar to those observed in schizophrenia. Gamma band power was increased during active state, but evoked gamma power following auditory stimulus (40 Hz) was dramatically reduced, mirroring observations in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, Df(h15q13)/+ mice showed schizophrenia-like decreases in amplitudes of auditory evoked potentials. Although displaying a grossly normal behavior, Df(h15q13)/+ mice are more aggressive following exposure to mild stressors, similar to what is described in human deletion carriers. Furthermore, Df(h15q13)/+ mice have increased body weight, and a similar increase in body weight was subsequently found in a sample of human subjects with 15q13.3 deletion. CONCLUSIONS The Df(h15q13)/+ mouse shows similarities to several alterations related to the 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome, epilepsy, and schizophrenia, offering a novel tool for addressing the underlying biology of these diseases.
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Park YM, Lee BH, Lee SH. The association between serum lipid levels, suicide ideation, and central serotonergic activity in patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2014; 159:62-5. [PMID: 24679391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some evidence that low lipid levels cause suicide in depressed patients. The purpose of this study was to identify whether low serum lipid levels are associated with suicide ideation or are correlated with central serotonin function. METHODS Auditory processing for the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) was measured in 73 outpatients with major depressive disorder. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered on the same day as measurement of the LDAEP. In addition, serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured. All subjects had received antidepressant monotherapy. RESULTS The depressed subjects were divided into those with and without suicide ideation according to the score for HAMD item 3 or BDI item 9. TG levels differed significantly between the two groups, whereas body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and LDAEP did not. The scores for HAMD item 3 and BDI item 9 were negatively correlated with TG levels (p=0.045 and 0.026, respectively). The LDAEP was negatively correlated with TG levels (p=0.012). Although there was tendency toward a negative correlation between the LDAEP and serum LDL, it did not reach statistical significance (p=0.068). LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design of this study means that baseline serum lipid levels were not measured. CONCLUSION The findings of this study revealed a relationship between TG and suicide ideation that is independent of both BMI and body weight. Furthermore, serum lipid levels were associated with central serotonergic activity, as assessed using the LDAEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 2240, Daehwa-dong, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang 411-706, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bun-Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 2240, Daehwa-dong, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang 411-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 2240, Daehwa-dong, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang 411-706, Republic of Korea
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Hilbert K, Lueken U, Beesdo-Baum K. Neural structures, functioning and connectivity in Generalized Anxiety Disorder and interaction with neuroendocrine systems: a systematic review. J Affect Disord 2014; 158:114-26. [PMID: 24655775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the neurobiological basis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) has considerably expanded in recent years. However, many studies investigated different domains and used different methods and paradigms. Therefore, this review aims to integrate the findings to date and to identify the core correlates of neurobiological underpinnings of GAD discovered so far. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of original papers investigating neural correlates, connectivity, or structural changes as well as reporting changes in the serotonergic system, noradrenergic system and cortisol levels in DSM-IV-defined GAD samples until December 2013. RESULTS Studies have identified abnormal amygdala and prefrontal cortex activation in patients and decreased functional connectivity between these areas. Furthermore, studies showed increased gray matter volume and decreased structural connectivity between these structures. Neuroendocrine findings are less consistent, but increased reactivity of the noradrenergic system and perpetuations in the cortisol secretion have been reported. LIMITATIONS Only studies on DSM-IV defined Generalized Anxiety Disorder which employed a group comparison were included. CONCLUSIONS Current research suggests a distinct set of neurobiological alterations in Generalized Anxiety Disorder. However, future research on the interaction between these structures and systems and on the specificity of these findings in relation to other mental disorders is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hilbert
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Lueken
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Beesdo-Baum
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Park YM, Lee BH, Um TH, Kim S. Serum BDNF levels in relation to illness severity, suicide attempts, and central serotonin activity in patients with major depressive disorder: a pilot study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91061. [PMID: 24663244 PMCID: PMC3963843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are correlated with the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP). The question of whether there is a difference in BDNF levels between depressive patients according to their illness severity, history of suicide attempts, and central serotonin activity was also addressed. A sample of 51 patients who met the criteria for major depressive disorder following diagnosis using axis I of the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – text revision comprised the study subjects. The patients were stratified into two subgroups based on their illness severity, history of suicide attempts, and their LDAEP values. The LDAEP was evaluated by measuring the auditory event-related potentials, and serum BDNF was measured using blood sampling before beginning medication with serotonergic agents. There was no difference in serum BDNF levels between the two patient subgroups. The subgroup with moderate-to-severe depression (n = 16) was reanalyzed after stratifying it into two subgroups according to LDAEP and BDNF values (dichotomized at the medians into low and high). The high-LDAEP subgroup had higher serum BDNF levels and total Barratt Impulsiveness Scale score than the low-LDAEP subgroup (p = 0.03 and 0.036, respectively). Serum BDNF levels were positively correlated with LDAEP and total Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) score (r = 0.56, p = 0.025, and r = 0.59, p = 0.016, respectively). The high-BDNF subgroup had a higher LDAEP and total BHS score than the low-BDNF subgroup (p = 0.046 and p = 0.011, respectively). This is the first study to demonstrate a relationship between the BDNF level and LDAEP in Asian depressive patients. Intriguingly, the high-BDNF subgroup (divided according to illness severity) exhibited a more severe psychopathology on some psychometric rating scales, a finding that conflicts with previous results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Bun-Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Eulji Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Um
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sollip Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Park YM. Relationship between SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction and central serotonergic activity based on the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:551-5. [PMID: 24005532 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE It has been hypothesized that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-induced sexual dysfunction can occur more frequently in patients with higher central serotonergic activity, and that this higher serotonergic activity can induce inhibition of sexual desire, ejaculation, and orgasm. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction and increased serotonin. METHOD Event-related potentials for the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) were measured in 46 patients at a single time point. The subjects' scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Antidepressant Side-Effect Checklist were also determined by the investigators at the same time point. All patients had received SSRI monotherapy. RESULTS Overall, 37 % (17/46) of the patients experienced some form of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction: lack of sexual desire, impotence, orgasm, and menstrual abnormality or mastalgia were experienced by 21.7, 8.3, 15.2, and 20.6 % of the patients, respectively. The subjects were thus divided into two groups-those with and without sexual dysfunction-and their data were compared. There was a tendency for the LDAEP to be lower in the group with sexual dysfunction (1.04 ± 0.77 μV) than the group without sexual dysfunction (1.45 ± 0.86 μV), although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.086). Furthermore, the distribution of the frequency of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction differed marginally significantly between patients with low and high LDAEP, dichotomized according to the median LDAEP on the Cz electrode (χ (2) = 3.664, p = 0.056). CONCLUSIONS There was a relatively high frequency of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction in patients with low LDAEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, 2240, Daehwa-Dong, Ilsan Seo-Gu, Goyang, 411-706, Republic of Korea,
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