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Diaw SH, Delcambre S, Much C, Ott F, Kostic VS, Gajos A, Münchau A, Zittel S, Busch H, Grünewald A, Klein C, Lohmann K. DYT-THAP1: exploring gene expression in fibroblasts for potential biomarker discovery. Neurogenetics 2024; 25:141-147. [PMID: 38498291 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-024-00752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Dystonia due to pathogenic variants in the THAP1 gene (DYT-THAP1) shows variable expressivity and reduced penetrance of ~ 50%. Since THAP1 encodes a transcription factor, modifiers influencing this variability likely operate at the gene expression level. This study aimed to assess the transferability of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in neuronal cells related to pathogenic variants in the THAP1 gene, which were previously identified by transcriptome analyses. For this, we performed quantitative (qPCR) and Digital PCR (dPCR) in cultured fibroblasts. RNA was extracted from THAP1 manifesting (MMCs) and non-manifesting mutation carriers (NMCs) as well as from healthy controls. The expression profiles of ten of 14 known neuronal DEGs demonstrated differences in fibroblasts between these three groups. This included transcription factors and targets (ATF4, CLN3, EIF2A, RRM1, YY1), genes involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling (BDKRB2, LPAR1), and a gene linked to apoptosis and DNA replication/repair (CRADD), which all showed higher expression levels in MMCs and NMCs than in controls. Moreover, the analysis of genes linked to neurological disorders (STXBP1, TOR1A) unveiled differences in expression patterns between MMCs and controls. Notably, the genes CUEDC2, DRD4, ECH1, and SIX2 were not statistically significantly differentially expressed in fibroblast cultures. With > 70% of the tested genes being DEGs also in fibroblasts, fibroblasts seem to be a suitable model for DYT-THAP1 research despite some restrictions. Furthermore, at least some of these DEGs may potentially also serve as biomarkers of DYT-THAP1 and influence its penetrance and expressivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvie Delcambre
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Christoph Much
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fabian Ott
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vladimir S Kostic
- Institute of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Agata Gajos
- Department of Extrapyramidal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-647, Poland
| | - Alexander Münchau
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Simone Zittel
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
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2
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Ferhat AT, Verpy E, Biton A, Forget B, De Chaumont F, Mueller F, Le Sourd AM, Coqueran S, Schmitt J, Rochefort C, Rondi-Reig L, Leboucher A, Boland A, Fin B, Deleuze JF, Boeckers TM, Ey E, Bourgeron T. Excessive self-grooming, gene dysregulation and imbalance between the striosome and matrix compartments in the striatum of Shank3 mutant mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1139118. [PMID: 37008785 PMCID: PMC10061084 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1139118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism is characterized by atypical social communication and stereotyped behaviors. Mutations in the gene encoding the synaptic scaffolding protein SHANK3 are detected in 1-2% of patients with autism and intellectual disability, but the mechanisms underpinning the symptoms remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized the behavior of Shank3 Δ11/Δ11 mice from 3 to 12 months of age. We observed decreased locomotor activity, increased stereotyped self-grooming and modification of socio-sexual interaction compared to wild-type littermates. We then used RNAseq on four brain regions of the same animals to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). DEGs were identified mainly in the striatum and were associated with synaptic transmission (e.g., Grm2, Dlgap1), G-protein-signaling pathways (e.g., Gnal, Prkcg1, and Camk2g), as well as excitation/inhibition balance (e.g., Gad2). Downregulated and upregulated genes were enriched in the gene clusters of medium-sized spiny neurons expressing the dopamine 1 (D1-MSN) and the dopamine 2 receptor (D2-MSN), respectively. Several DEGs (Cnr1, Gnal, Gad2, and Drd4) were reported as striosome markers. By studying the distribution of the glutamate decarboxylase GAD65, encoded by Gad2, we showed that the striosome compartment of Shank3 Δ11/Δ11 mice was enlarged and displayed much higher expression of GAD65 compared to wild-type mice. Altogether, these results indicate altered gene expression in the striatum of Shank3-deficient mice and strongly suggest, for the first time, that the excessive self-grooming of these mice is related to an imbalance in the striatal striosome and matrix compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allain-Thibeault Ferhat
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3571, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elisabeth Verpy
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3571, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne Biton
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Forget
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3571, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice De Chaumont
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3571, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Florian Mueller
- Imagerie et Modélisation, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3691, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Marie Le Sourd
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3571, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Coqueran
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3571, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Julien Schmitt
- Cerebellum Navigation and Memory Team, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Neurosciences Paris Seine, CNRS UMR 8246, Inserm UMR-S 1130, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Rochefort
- Cerebellum Navigation and Memory Team, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Neurosciences Paris Seine, CNRS UMR 8246, Inserm UMR-S 1130, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Laure Rondi-Reig
- Cerebellum Navigation and Memory Team, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Neurosciences Paris Seine, CNRS UMR 8246, Inserm UMR-S 1130, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Aziliz Leboucher
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3571, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Bertrand Fin
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
- Centre d’Étude du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France
| | - Tobias M. Boeckers
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elodie Ey
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3571, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm UMR-S 1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3571, IUF, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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3
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Swierkosz-Lenart K, Dos Santos JFA, Elowe J, Clair AH, Bally JF, Riquier F, Bloch J, Draganski B, Clerc MT, Pozuelo Moyano B, von Gunten A, Mallet L. Therapies for obsessive-compulsive disorder: Current state of the art and perspectives for approaching treatment-resistant patients. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1065812. [PMID: 36873207 PMCID: PMC9978117 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1065812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the ten most disabling diseases according to the WHO, only 30-40% of patients suffering from OCD seek specialized treatment. The currently available psychotherapeutic and pharmacological approaches, when properly applied, prove ineffective in about 10% of cases. The use of neuromodulation techniques, especially Deep Brain Stimulation, is highly promising for these clinical pictures and knowledge in this domain is constantly evolving. The aim of this paper is to provide a summary of the current knowledge about OCD treatment, while also discussing the more recent proposals for defining resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Swierkosz-Lenart
- Department of Psychiatry, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Age Avancé (SUPAA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Prilly, Switzerland
| | | | - Julien Elowe
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, West Sector, Prangins, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, North Sector, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Hélène Clair
- Sorbonne University, UPMC Paris 06 University, INSERM, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
| | - Julien F. Bally
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Françoise Riquier
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Service of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jocelyne Bloch
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Service of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging (LREN), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marie-Thérèse Clerc
- Department of Psychiatry, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Age Avancé (SUPAA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Beatriz Pozuelo Moyano
- Department of Psychiatry, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Age Avancé (SUPAA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Department of Psychiatry, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Age Avancé (SUPAA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Luc Mallet
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, DMU IMPACT, Département Médical-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor - Albert Chenevier, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
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4
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McBride SD, Roberts K, Hemmings AJ, Ninomiya S, Parker MO. The impulsive horse: comparing genetic, physiological and behavioral indicators to that of human addiction. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113896. [PMID: 35777460 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Stress and genotype elicit changes in impulse control in a range of species that are attributable to adaptations in both the central and peripheral nervous system. We examined aspects of this mechanism in the horse by assessing the effect of a dopamine receptor genotype (DRD4) and central dopaminergic tone (measured via spontaneous blink rate [SBR] and behavioral initiation rate [BIR]), on measures of impulsivity, compulsivity (3-choice serial reaction time task) and sympathetic/ parasympathetic system balance (heart rate variability [HRV]). Genotype did not have a significant effect on any of the parameters measured. SBR but not BIR correlated significantly with levels of impulsivity. There was no clear association of HRV parameters with either measures of central dopaminergic activity or impulsivity/compulsivity. Overall, some elements of the data suggest that the horse may be a useful animal model for assessing the genetic and environmental factors that lead to the physiological and behavioral phenotype of human addiction, particularly when considering the relationship between central dopaminergic tone and impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D McBride
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA
| | - K Roberts
- Royal Agricultural University, Stroud Road, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6JS
| | - A J Hemmings
- Royal Agricultural University, Stroud Road, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6JS
| | - S Ninomiya
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - M O Parker
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO1 2DT
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5
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Zamanian-Azodi M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Rezaei Tavirani M. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Interactome Profile Analysis: A Perspective From Molecular Mechanism. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 12:187-198. [PMID: 34925715 PMCID: PMC8672674 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.12.2.941.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of the complex neuropsychiatric conditions. This disorder disables individuals in many different aspects of their personal and social life. Interactome analysis may provide a better understanding of this disorder’s molecular origin and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: In this study, the OCD-associated genes were extracted from the literature. The criterion for gene selection was to choose genes with at least one significant report. Furthermore, by applying Cytoscape and its plugins, protein-protein interaction network, and gene ontology of the 31 candidate genes related to OCD from genetic association studies is examined. The cross-validation method was used for network centrality assessment. Results: A scale-free network, including 1940 nodes and 3269 edges for 31 genes, was constructed. According to the network centrality evaluation, ESR1, TNFα, DRD2, DRD4, HTR1B, HTR2A, and CDH2 showed the highest values and can be considered hub-bottlenecks elements. It is also confirmed by the number of 123 cross-validation tests that the frequency of these essential genes remains unaltered against the initial seed genes’ changes with the accuracy of 0.962. Besides, enrichment analysis identified four highlighted biological processes related to the 31 candidate genes. The top biological processes are determined as dopamine transport, learning, memory, and monoamine transport. Conclusion: Among 31 initial genes, 7 were introduced as crucial elements for onset and development in OCD and can be suggested for further investigations. Furthermore, the complex molecular origin of OCD requires high-throughput screening for diagnosis and treatment goals. The findings are a possible valuable source to establish molecular-based diagnostic tools for OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Zamanian-Azodi
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Rezaei Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Bellia F, Vismara M, Annunzi E, Cifani C, Benatti B, Dell'Osso B, D'Addario C. Genetic and epigenetic architecture of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: In search of possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:554-571. [PMID: 33213890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a prevalent and severe clinical condition whose hallmarks are excessive, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). The onset of symptoms generally occurs during pre-adult life and typically affects subjects in different aspects of their life's, compromising social and professional relationships. Although robust evidence suggests a genetic component in the etiopathogenesis of OCD, the causes of the disorder are still not completely understood. It is thus of relevance to take into account how genes interact with environmental risk factors, thought to be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. We here provide an overview of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of OCD, focusing on the modulation of key central nervous system genes, in the attempt to suggest possible disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bellia
- Faculty of Bioscience, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Matteo Vismara
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Eugenia Annunzi
- Faculty of Bioscience, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Gabriele D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Beatrice Benatti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, Milano, Italy; CRC "Aldo Ravelli", University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, Milano, Italy; CRC "Aldo Ravelli", University of Milan, Milano, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, CA, USA.
| | - Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Balachander S, Meier S, Matthiesen M, Ali F, Kannampuzha AJ, Bhattacharya M, Kumar Nadella R, Sreeraj VS, Ithal D, Holla B, Narayanaswamy JC, Arumugham SS, Jain S, Reddy YJ, Viswanath B. Are There Familial Patterns of Symptom Dimensions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:651196. [PMID: 33959055 PMCID: PMC8093508 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.651196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous illness, and emerging evidence suggests that different symptom dimensions may have distinct underlying neurobiological mechanisms. We aimed to look for familial patterns in the occurrence of these symptom dimensions in a sample of families with at least two individuals affected with OCD. Methods: Data from 153 families (total number of individuals diagnosed with DSM-5 OCD = 330) recruited as part of the Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders using Stem Cells (ADBS) was used for the current analysis. Multidimensional Item Response Theory (IRT) was used to extract dimensional scores from the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) checklist data. Using linear mixed-effects regression models, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), for each symptom dimension, and within each relationship type were estimated. Results: IRT yielded a four-factor solution with Factor 1 (Sexual/Religious/Aggressive), Factor 2 (Doubts/Checking), Factor 3 (Symmetry/Arranging), and Factor 4 (Contamination/Washing). All except for Factor 1 were found to have significant ICCs, highest for Factor 3 (0.41) followed by Factor 4 (0.29) and then Factor 2 (0.27). Sex-concordant dyads were found to have higher ICC values than discordant ones, for all the symptom dimensions. No major differences in the ICC values between parent-offspring and sib-pairs were seen. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that there is a high concordance of OCD symptom dimensions within multiplex families. Symptom dimensions of OCD might thus have significant heritability. In view of this, future genetic and neurobiological studies in OCD should include symptom dimensions as a key parameter in their analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Balachander
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.,Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Sandra Meier
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Manuel Matthiesen
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Furkhan Ali
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.,Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Anand Jose Kannampuzha
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.,Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Mahashweta Bhattacharya
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.,Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Nadella
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Vanteemar S Sreeraj
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Dhruva Ithal
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Bharath Holla
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Janardhanan C Narayanaswamy
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.,Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Shyam Sundar Arumugham
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Yc Janardhan Reddy
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.,Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain Disorders Using Stem Cells, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
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8
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Bey K, Weinhold L, Grützmann R, Heinzel S, Kaufmann C, Klawohn J, Riesel A, Lennertz L, Schmid M, Ramirez A, Kathmann N, Wagner M. The polygenic risk for obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with the personality trait harm avoidance. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2020; 142:326-336. [PMID: 32786038 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex psychiatric disorder with a substantial genetic contribution. While the specific variants underlying OCD's heritability are still unknown, findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) corroborate the importance of common SNPs explaining the phenotypic variance in OCD. Investigating associations between the genetic liability for OCD, as reflected by a polygenic risk score (PRS), and potential endophenotypes of the disorder, such as the personality trait harm avoidance, may aid the understanding of functional pathways from genes to diagnostic phenotypes. METHODS We derived PRS for OCD at several P-value thresholds based on the latest Psychiatric Genomics Consortium OCD GWAS (2688 cases, 7037 controls) in an independent sample of OCD patients (n = 180), their unaffected first-degree relatives (n = 108) and healthy controls (n = 200). Using linear regression, we tested whether these PRS are associated with the personality trait harm avoidance. RESULTS Results showed that OCD PRS significantly predicted OCD status, with patients having the highest scores and relatives having intermediate scores. Furthermore, the genetic risk for OCD was associated with harm avoidance across the entire sample, and among OCD patients. As indicated by mediation analyses, harm avoidance mediated the association between the OCD PRS and OCD caseness. These results were observed at multiple P-value thresholds and persisted after the exclusion of patients with a current comorbid major depressive or anxiety disorder. CONCLUSION Our findings support the polygenic nature of OCD and further validate harm avoidance as a candidate endophenotype and diathesis of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bey
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - L Weinhold
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - R Grützmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Heinzel
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Kaufmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Klawohn
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Riesel
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Lennertz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Schmid
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - N Kathmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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9
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Alemany-Navarro M, Cruz R, Real E, Segalàs C, Bertolín S, Rabionet R, Carracedo Á, Menchón JM, Alonso P. Looking into the genetic bases of OCD dimensions: a pilot genome-wide association study. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:151. [PMID: 32424139 PMCID: PMC7235014 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The multidimensional nature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been consistently reported. Clinical and biological characteristics have been associated with OCD dimensions in different ways. Studies suggest the existence of specific genetic bases for the different OCD dimensions. In this study, we analyze the genomic markers, genes, gene ontology and biological pathways associated with the presence of aggressive/checking, symmetry/order, contamination/cleaning, hoarding, and sexual/religious symptoms, as assessed via the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (DY-BOCS) in 399 probands. Logistic regression analyses were performed at the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) level. Gene-based and enrichment analyses were carried out for common (SNPs) and rare variants. No SNP was associated with any dimension at a genome-wide level (p < 5 × 10-8). Gene-based analyses showed one gene to be associated with hoarding (SETD3, p = 1.89 × 10-08); a gene highly expressed in the brain and which plays a role in apoptotic processes and transcriptomic changes, and another gene associated with aggressive symptoms (CPE; p = 4.42 × 10-6), which is involved in neurotrophic functions and the synthesis of peptide hormones and neurotransmitters. Different pathways or biological processes were represented by genes associated with aggressive (zinc ion response and lipid metabolism), order (lipid metabolism), sexual/religious (G protein-mediated processes) and hoarding (metabolic processes and anion transport) symptoms after FDR correction; while no pathway was associated with contamination. Specific genomic bases were found for each dimension assessed, especially in the enrichment analyses. Further research with larger samples and different techniques, such as next-generation sequencing, are needed to better understand the differential genetics of OCD dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alemany-Navarro
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. .,OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Raquel Cruz
- grid.11794.3a0000000109410645Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CIBERER, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Real
- grid.418284.30000 0004 0427 2257Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411129.e0000 0000 8836 0780OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cinto Segalàs
- grid.418284.30000 0004 0427 2257Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411129.e0000 0000 8836 0780OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Bertolín
- grid.411129.e0000 0000 8836 0780OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Rabionet
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), CIBERER, and Dept. Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- grid.11794.3a0000000109410645Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CIBERER, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain ,Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, SERGAS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose M. Menchón
- grid.418284.30000 0004 0427 2257Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411129.e0000 0000 8836 0780OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pino Alonso
- grid.411129.e0000 0000 8836 0780OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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10
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du Mortier JAM, Visser HAD, van Balkom AJLM, van Megen HJGM, Hoogendoorn AW, Glas G, van Oppen P. Examining the factor structure of the self-report Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Symptom Checklist. Psychiatry Res 2019; 271:299-305. [PMID: 30521999 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions are important in studies about the pathogenesis and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. More than 30 factor analytic studies using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Symptom Checklist (Y-BOCS-SC) interview version have been published. However, a drawback of the Y-BOCS-SC interview is that it is time-consuming for the clinician. Baer's self-report version of the Y-BOCS-SC could be a less time-consuming alternative. The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure of Baer's self-report Y-BOCS-SC. In a sample of 286 patients, we performed two factor analyses, one using categories and one using items of the Y-BOCS-SC. Using category-level data, we identified four factors; when using items we identified six factors. Symptom dimensions for contamination/cleaning, symmetry/repeating/counting/ordering and hoarding were found in both analyses. The impulsive aggression, pathological doubt, sexual, religious somatic and checking categories formed one factor in the analysis using category-level data and divided into three factors using item-level data. These factors correspond with studies using the interview version and support our hypothesis that the self-report version of the Y-BOCS-SC could be an alternative for the interview version.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henny A D Visser
- GGz Centraal, Innova Postbus 3051, 3800 DB Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J L M van Balkom
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, APH-research Institute, Department of Psychiatry and GGZ inGeest, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Adriaan W Hoogendoorn
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, APH-research Institute, Department of Psychiatry and GGZ inGeest, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Glas
- Dimence Groep, Postbus 473, 8000 AL Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia van Oppen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, APH-research Institute, Department of Psychiatry and GGZ inGeest, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been seen to run in families and genetics help to understand its heritability. In this review, we summarize older studies which focused on establishing the familial nature of OCD, including its various dimensions of symptoms, and we focus on recent findings from studies using both the candidate gene approach and genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. The family studies and twin studies establish the heritability of OCD. Candidate gene approaches have implicated genes in the serotonergic, glutamatergic, and dopaminergic pathways. GWAS has not produced significant results possibly due to the small sample size. Newer techniques such as gene expression studies in brain tissue, stem cell technology, and epigenetic studies may shed more light on the complex genetic basis of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Purty
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Department of Behavioral Science and Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jack F. Samuels
- Department of Behavioral Science and Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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12
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Taj M J RJ, Ganesh S, Shukla T, Deolankar S, Nadella RK, Sen S, Purushottam M, Reddy YCJ, Jain S, Viswanath B. BDNF gene and obsessive compulsive disorder risk, symptom dimensions and treatment response. Asian J Psychiatr 2018; 38:65-69. [PMID: 29079096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Genetic etiology of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) has been investigated extensively, with mixed results across candidate gene studies. The dimensional subtypes of OCD are shown to better correlate with brain imaging endophenotypes and thus could potentially enhance the power of genetic association. In this study, we perform a case control analysis of association of a single nucleotide polymorphism rs6265(Val66Met) in Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor gene, that has been previously implicated in a variety of psychiatric syndromes, and examine its association with symptom dimensions of OCD. METHODS Individuals diagnosed to have OCD (n=377) and controls (n=449) of South Indian origin were genotyped for polymorphism rs6265 (196G/A, Val66Met). Detailed phenotypic assessment of the cases were carried out in the cases using structured instruments. The genotypic association was tested for clinical variables such as age of onset, gender, family history, co-morbidity, treatment response, and factor analyzed OCD symptom dimensions. RESULTS The allele 'A' frequency was found to be significantly higher in the controls, as compared to cases suggesting a protective effect. The contamination/washing symptom dimension score was significantly lower in carriers of 'A' allele which remained significant even after testing for confounding effects on linear regression. CONCLUSIONS Our results support findings from previous studies on a possible protective effect of the 'Met' allele at the Val66Met locus in OCD. Its association with lower scores on the contamination/washing dimension is a novel finding of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Jabeen Taj M J
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Suhas Ganesh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Tulika Shukla
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sayali Deolankar
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Ravi K Nadella
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Somdatta Sen
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Meera Purushottam
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Y C Janardhan Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India.
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13
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Bakhtiari M, Shleizer-Burko S, Gymrek M, Bansal V, Bafna V. Targeted genotyping of variable number tandem repeats with adVNTR. Genome Res 2018; 28:1709-1719. [PMID: 30352806 PMCID: PMC6211647 DOI: 10.1101/gr.235119.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing is increasingly used to identify Mendelian variants in clinical pipelines. These pipelines focus on single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and also structural variants, while ignoring more complex repeat sequence variants. Here, we consider the problem of genotyping Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs), composed of inexact tandem duplications of short (6–100 bp) repeating units. VNTRs span 3% of the human genome, are frequently present in coding regions, and have been implicated in multiple Mendelian disorders. Although existing tools recognize VNTR carrying sequence, genotyping VNTRs (determining repeat unit count and sequence variation) from whole-genome sequencing reads remains challenging. We describe a method, adVNTR, that uses hidden Markov models to model each VNTR, count repeat units, and detect sequence variation. adVNTR models can be developed for short-read (Illumina) and single-molecule (Pacific Biosciences [PacBio]) whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing, and show good results on multiple simulated and real data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Bakhtiari
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Sharona Shleizer-Burko
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Melissa Gymrek
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Vikas Bansal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Vineet Bafna
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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14
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Bragdon LB, Gibb BE, Coles ME. Does neuropsychological performance in OCD relate to different symptoms? A meta-analysis comparing the symmetry and obsessing dimensions. Depress Anxiety 2018; 35:761-774. [PMID: 29920848 DOI: 10.1002/da.22785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigations of neuropsychological functioning in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have produced mixed results for deficits in executive functioning (EF), attention, and memory. One potential explanation for varied findings may relate to the heterogeneity of symptom presentations, and different clinical or neurobiological characteristics may underlie these different symptoms. METHODS We investigated differences in neuropsychological functioning between two symptoms groups, obsessing/checking (O/C) and symmetry/ordering (S/O), based on data suggesting an association with different motivations: harm avoidance and incompleteness, respectively. Ten studies (with 628 patients) were included and each investigation assessed at least one of 14 neuropsychological domains. RESULTS The S/O domain demonstrated small, negative correlations with overall neuropsychological functioning, performance in EF, memory, visuospatial ability, cognitive flexibility, and verbal working memory. O/C symptoms demonstrated small, negative correlations with memory and verbal memory performance. A comparison of functioning between symptom groups identified large effect sizes showing that the S/O dimension was more strongly related to poorer neuropsychological performance overall, and in the domains of attention, visuospatial ability, and the subdomain of verbal working memory. CONCLUSIONS Findings support existing evidence suggesting that different OCD symptoms, and their associated core motivations, relate to unique patterns of neuropsychological functioning, and, potentially dysfunction in different neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Bragdon
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY
| | - Brandon E Gibb
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY
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15
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Effect of dopamine receptor D4 ( DRD4 ) haplotypes on general psychopathology in patients with eating disorders. Gene 2018; 654:43-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Grover S, Sarkar S, Gupta G, Kate N, Ghosh A, Chakrabarti S, Avasthi A. Factor analysis of symptom profile in early onset and late onset OCD. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:631-635. [PMID: 29033063 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the factor structure of early and late onset OCD. Additionally, cluster analysis was conducted in the same sample to assess the applicability of the factors. 345 participants were assessed with Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale symptom checklist. Patients were classified as early onset (onset of symptoms at age ≤ 18 years) and late onset (onset at age > 18 years) OCD depending upon the age of onset of the symptoms. Factor analysis and cluster analysis of early-onset and late-onset OCD was conducted. The study sample comprised of 91 early onset and 245 late onset OCD subjects. Males were more common in the early onset group. Differences in the frequency of phenomenology related to contamination related, checking, repeating, counting and ordering/arranging compulsions were present across the early and late onset groups. Factor analysis of YBOCS revealed a 3 factor solution for both the groups, which largely concurred with each other. These factors were named as hoarding and symmetry (factor-1), contamination (factor-2) and aggressive, sexual and religious factor (factor-3). To conclude this study shows that factor structure of symptoms of OCD seems to be similar between early-onset and late-onset OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
| | - Siddharth Sarkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Gourav Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Natasha Kate
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Abhishek Ghosh
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Subho Chakrabarti
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Ajit Avasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
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17
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Shavitt RG, Requena G, Alonso P, Zai G, Costa DLC, de Bragança Pereira CA, do Rosário MC, Morais I, Fontenelle L, Cappi C, Kennedy J, Menchon JM, Miguel E, Richter PMA. Quantifying dimensional severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder for neurobiological research. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 79:206-212. [PMID: 28673486 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Current research to explore genetic susceptibility factors in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has resulted in the tentative identification of a small number of genes. However, findings have not been readily replicated. It is now broadly accepted that a major limitation to this work is the heterogeneous nature of this disorder, and that an approach incorporating OCD symptom dimensions in a quantitative manner may be more successful in identifying both common as well as dimension-specific vulnerability genetic factors. As most existing genetic datasets did not collect specific dimensional severity ratings, a specific method to reliably extract dimensional ratings from the most widely used severity rating scale, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), for OCD is needed. This project aims to develop and validate a novel algorithm to extrapolate specific dimensional symptom severity ratings in OCD from the existing YBOCS for use in genetics and other neurobiological research. To accomplish this goal, we used a large data set comprising adult subjects from three independent sites: the Brazilian OCD Consortium, the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto, Canada and the Hospital of Bellvitge, in Barcelona, Spain. A multinomial logistic regression was proposed to model and predict the quantitative phenotype [i.e., the severity of each of the five homogeneous symptom dimensions of the Dimensional YBOCS (DYBOCS)] in subjects who have only YBOCS (categorical) data. YBOCS and DYBOCS data obtained from 1183 subjects were used to build the model, which was tested with the leave-one-out cross-validation method. The model's goodness of fit, accepting a deviation of up to three points in the predicted DYBOCS score, varied from 78% (symmetry/order) to 84% (cleaning/contamination and hoarding dimensions). These results suggest that this algorithm may be a valuable tool for extracting dimensional phenotypic data for neurobiological studies in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseli G Shavitt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campo, 785/3(o). andar-sala 7. CEP 01060-970 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Guaraci Requena
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo, R. do Matão, 1010 - Vila Universitaria, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Pino Alonso
- OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental, Carlos III Health Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gwyneth Zai
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Suite FG42, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Daniel L C Costa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campo, 785/3(o). andar-sala 7. CEP 01060-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Bragança Pereira
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo, R. do Matão, 1010 - Vila Universitaria, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Maria Conceição do Rosário
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit (UPIA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Borges Lagoa 570, CEP04038-020 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivanil Morais
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campo, 785/3(o). andar-sala 7. CEP 01060-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Fontenelle
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Av. Venceslau Braz, 71 fundos. Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-140, Brazil
| | - Carolina Cappi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campo, 785/3(o). andar-sala 7. CEP 01060-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James Kennedy
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Suite FG42, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Jose M Menchon
- OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental, Carlos III Health Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Euripedes Miguel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campo, 785/3(o). andar-sala 7. CEP 01060-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peggy M A Richter
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Suite FG42, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
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18
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Mattina GF, Steiner M. The need for inclusion of sex and age of onset variables in genetic association studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder: Overview. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 67:107-16. [PMID: 26827635 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous mental disorder that significantly impairs an individual's functioning. The candidate gene approach has proven to be a useful tool in investigating potential risk genes for OCD, but genetic studies have been largely inconclusive. Etiologically distinct forms of obsessive-compulsive disorder based on sex and age of onset have been identified, yet many genetic studies fail to examine the association by these subtypes. Due to the sexually dimorphic nature of the disorder, positive associations have been found with OCD in males only, suggesting the potential for identifying risk genes that contribute to OCD in women, such as perinatal OCD. This review includes a brief overview of the disorder and its subtypes, with a current update on candidate genes that may contribute to OCD using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genome wide association studies (GWAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Francesca Mattina
- MiNDS Neuroscience, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Meir Steiner
- MiNDS Neuroscience, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada; Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada.
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19
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Nespoli E, Rizzo F, Boeckers TM, Hengerer B, Ludolph AG. Addressing the Complexity of Tourette's Syndrome through the Use of Animal Models. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:133. [PMID: 27092043 PMCID: PMC4824761 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by fluctuating motor and vocal tics, usually preceded by sensory premonitions, called premonitory urges. Besides tics, the vast majority—up to 90%—of TS patients suffer from psychiatric comorbidities, mainly attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The etiology of TS remains elusive. Genetics is believed to play an important role, but it is clear that other factors contribute to TS, possibly altering brain functioning and architecture during a sensitive phase of neural development. Clinical brain imaging and genetic studies have contributed to elucidate TS pathophysiology and disease mechanisms; however, TS disease etiology still is poorly understood. Findings from genetic studies led to the development of genetic animal models, but they poorly reflect the pathophysiology of TS. Addressing the role of neurotransmission, brain regions, and brain circuits in TS disease pathomechanisms is another focus area for preclinical TS model development. We are now in an interesting moment in time when numerous innovative animal models are continuously brought to the attention of the public. Due to the diverse and largely unknown etiology of TS, there is no single preclinical model featuring all different aspects of TS symptomatology. TS has been dissected into its key symptomst hat have been investigated separately, in line with the Research Domain Criteria concept. The different rationales used to develop the respective animal models are critically reviewed, to discuss the potential of the contribution of animal models to elucidate TS disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Nespoli
- Competence in Neuro Spine Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberach an der Riss, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of UlmUlm, Germany
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Department of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of UlmUlm, Germany; Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of UlmUlm, Germany
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm Ulm, Germany
| | - Bastian Hengerer
- Competence in Neuro Spine Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Andrea G Ludolph
- Department of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm Ulm, Germany
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López-Solà C, Fontenelle LF, Verhulst B, Neale MC, Menchón JM, Alonso P, Harrison BJ. DISTINCT ETIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES ON OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE SYMPTOM DIMENSIONS: A MULTIVARIATE TWIN STUDY. Depress Anxiety 2016; 33:179-91. [PMID: 26630089 PMCID: PMC4775288 DOI: 10.1002/da.22455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by five major dimensions, including contamination/washing, harm/checking, symmetry/ordering, hoarding, and forbidden thoughts. How these dimensions may relate etiologically to the symptoms of other obsessive-compulsive related disorders (OCRDs) and anxiety disorders (ADs) is not well known. The aim of this study was to examine the genetic and environmental overlap between each major obsessive-compulsive dimension with the symptoms of other OCRDs and ADs. METHODS Two thousand four hundred ninety-five twins of both sexes, aged between 18 and 45 years, were recruited from the Australian Twin Registry. Measures used scores on four dimensions (obsessing (forbidden thoughts), washing, checking, and ordering) of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised, Dysmorphic Concerns Questionnaire, Hoarding Rating Scale, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Social Phobia Inventory, and Stress subscale of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. Multivariate twin modeling methods using continuous and categorized variables were performed, also controlling for age and gender. RESULTS Our findings suggested that forbidden thoughts and washing demonstrated the strongest genetic overlap with other AD symptoms, while ordering was genetically related to OCRD symptoms. Common genetic influences on checking symptoms were best estimated when modeling OCRDs together with AD symptoms. Common environmental factors of ordering and checking were shared with AD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Important shared genetic and environmental risk factors exist between OCD, OCRDs, and ADs, but which vary alongside the expression of its major dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara López-Solà
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute—IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, CIBERSAM (G17), Barcelona, Spain,Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo F. Fontenelle
- Programa de Transtornos Obsessivo-Compulsivos e de Ansiedade, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,lnstituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,Instituto de Saúde da Comunidade, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Brad Verhulst
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics (VIPBG), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Michael C. Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics (VIPBG), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - José M. Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute—IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, CIBERSAM (G17), Barcelona, Spain,Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pino Alonso
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute—IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, CIBERSAM (G17), Barcelona, Spain,Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ben J. Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia,Correspondence: Ben J. Harrison, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, 3053 Melbourne, Australia.
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Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Gene Polymorphisms in Specific Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder Patients’ Subgroups. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 58:129-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Lochner C, McGregor N, Hemmings S, Harvey BH, Breet E, Swanevelder S, Stein DJ. Symmetry symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder: clinical and genetic correlates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 38:17-23. [PMID: 26291046 PMCID: PMC7115475 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: In obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), symmetry-related symptoms may be important. Although clinical correlates of symmetry-related symptoms have been identified in OCD, few data exist on genetic associations. Animal studies indicate involvement of dopamine in symmetry-related behavior, suggesting this may be relevant to analogous symptoms in OCD. Alterations in dopamine may also reflect environmental influences. However, the association of symmetry-related symptomatology, early adversity, and polymorphisms in dopaminergic genes has not been investigated in OCD. Methods: Clinical information and polymorphisms in key dopaminergic genes were compared between OCD patients with primary symmetry symptoms and those without. Results: OCD patients with primary symmetry symptoms comprised 46.6% (n=210) of the sample (n=451), and were older (p < 0.01), had longer illness duration (p < 0.01), higher OCD severity scores (p = 0.01), and greater comorbidity (p < 0.01) than those without. In Caucasians (n=343), genotype frequency differed significantly between groups for ANKK1 rs1800497, with more OCD patients with symmetry symptoms being homozygous for the A2 (CC) genotype (χ2 = 7.296; p = 0.026). Conclusion: Symmetry symptoms have some distinct clinical features and may represent a marker of severity in OCD. However, clinical associations, in combination with the association found with the ANKK1 rs1800497 A2 variant, suggest that primary symmetry symptoms may represent a distinctive clinical and psychobiological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lochner
- MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Nathaniel McGregor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Sian Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Elsie Breet
- MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Dan J Stein
- MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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De Berardis D, Serroni N, Campanella D, Rapini G, Olivieri L, Feliziani B, Carano A, Valchera A, Iasevoli F, Tomasetti C, Mazza M, Fornaro M, Perna G, Di Nicola M, Martinotti G, Di Giannantonio M. Alexithymia, responsibility attitudes and suicide ideation among outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: an exploratory study. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 58:82-7. [PMID: 25591904 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is psychiatric disorder with a significant suicide risk, and the presence of alexithymia may increase this risk. As several studies attribute an important role, in OCD, to responsibility, the aims of this study were to evaluate possible clinical differences between patients positive or not for alexithymia concerning disorder severity, responsibility attitudes and suicide ideation and investigate which variables were associated with increased suicide ideation. METHODS 104 adult outpatients with OCD were recruited. Alexithymia was measured with Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), attitude about responsibility was tested with Responsibility Attitude Scale (RAS), suicide ideation was assessed with Scale of Suicide Ideation (SSI) and depressive symptoms were evaluated with Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Score of item #11 on the Y-BOCS was considered as a measure of insight. RESULTS Patients positive for alexithymia showed higher responsibility attitudes and more severe suicide ideation. In a blockwise regression model, the presence of lower insight, higher RAS scores and difficulty in identifying feelings dimension of TAS-20 were associated with higher SSI scores. CONCLUSIONS OCD patients with alexithymia may show higher disorder severity, lower insight and inflated responsibility, all related to suicide ideation, independently from depressive symptoms. Implications were discussed and study limitations considered and reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico De Berardis
- NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", ASL 4, Teramo, Italy; Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti, Chieti Scalo, Italy.
| | - Nicola Serroni
- NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", ASL 4, Teramo, Italy
| | - Daniela Campanella
- NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", ASL 4, Teramo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Rapini
- NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", ASL 4, Teramo, Italy
| | - Luigi Olivieri
- NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", ASL 4, Teramo, Italy
| | - Barbara Feliziani
- NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", ASL 4, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Carano
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti, Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Valchera
- Hermanas Hospitalarias, FoRiPsi, Villa S. Giuseppe Hospital, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Psychopharmacotherapeutics, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Psychopharmacotherapeutics, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Mazza
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Perna
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Hermanas Hospitalarias, FoRiPsi, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Villa San Benedetto Menni, Albese con Cassano, Como, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marco Di Nicola
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Hermanas Hospitalarias, FoRiPsi, Villa S. Giuseppe Hospital, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti, Chieti Scalo, Italy
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Arumugham SS, Cherian AV, Baruah U, Viswanath B, Narayanaswamy JC, Math SB, Reddy YCJ. Comparison of clinical characteristics of familial and sporadic obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:1520-5. [PMID: 25088515 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous condition with evidence of familiality in a considerable proportion of patients. A classification into familial and sporadic forms has been proposed to explain the heterogeneity. The current study aims to compare the demographic, clinical and comorbidity patterns of patients with and without a family history of OCD in first-degree relatives. METHOD 802 consecutive patients who consulted a specialty OCD Clinic at a tertiary care psychiatric hospital in India were evaluated with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, and the Clinical Global Impression Scale. Family history was assessed by interviewing patients and at least one first-degree relative. RESULTS Family history of OCD was seen in 152 patients (19%). Family history was associated with juvenile onset (Χ(2)=19.472, p<0.001), obsessions of contamination (Χ(2)=6.658, p=0.01), hoarding (Χ(2)=4.062, p=0.032), need for symmetry (Χ(2)=3.95, p=0.047), washing compulsion (Χ(2)=7.923, p=0.005), ordering compulsions (Χ(2)=6.808, p=0.009), repeating compulsions (Χ(2)=4.950, p=0.026) and compulsions by proxy (Χ(2)=7.963, p=0.005). Family history was also associated with greater severity of OCD (t=-2.31, p=0.022) and compulsions (t=-3.09, p=0.002) and longer duration of illness at presentation (t=-2.93, p=0.004). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that familial OCD may have distinctive clinical features. Studying familial forms of OCD may offer unique insight in to understanding the genetic basis of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sundar Arumugham
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India 560029.
| | - Anish V Cherian
- Department of Psychiatry, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE University, Mangalore, India 575018
| | - Upasana Baruah
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India 560029
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India 560029
| | - Janardhanan C Narayanaswamy
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India 560029
| | - Suresh Bada Math
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India 560029
| | - Y C Janardhan Reddy
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India 560029
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Pharmacological, experimental therapeutic, and transcranial magnetic stimulation treatments for compulsivity and impulsivity. CNS Spectr 2014; 19:50-61. [PMID: 24176028 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852913000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been recently drawn apart from anxiety disorder by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) and clustered together with related disorders (eg, hoarding, hair pulling disorder, skin picking), which with it seems to share clinical and neurophysiological similarities. Recent literature has mainly explored brain circuitries (eg, orbitofrontal cortex, striatum), molecular pathways, and genes (eg, Hoxb8, Slitrk5, Sapap3) that represent the new target of the treatments; they also lead the development of new probes and compounds. In the therapeutic field, monotherapy with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is recommendable, but combination or augmentation with a dopaminergic or glutamatergic agent is often adopted. A promising therapy for OCD is represented by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which is suitable to treat compulsivity and impulsivity depending on the protocol of stimulation and the brain circuitries targeted.
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Abstract
The obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a frequent disease with a high comorbidity. The usual treatment is a combination of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment. However, 30% of patients still have persistent and severe symptoms, with an important functional impact. These last years, the integration of the new neuroanatomical, neurochemical, neuropsychological, genetic and phenomenological data, allows a better understanding of the physiopathology and the development of new treatments for OCD, as neuromodulation for the severe and refractory cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Flores Alves Dos Santos
- Service de psychiatrie de liaison et intervention crise, hôpitaux universitaires de Genève (HUG), Genève, Suisse - Équipe BEBG (behavior, emotion and basal ganglia), Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM), hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Luc Mallet
- Équipe BEBG (behavior, emotion and basal ganglia), Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM), hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France - Fondation FondaMental, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, 94000 Créteil, France
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Viswanath B, Taj M J RJ, Purushottam M, Kandavel T, Shetty PH, Reddy YCJ, Jain S. No association between DRD4 gene and SRI treatment response in obsessive compulsive disorder: need for a novel approach. Asian J Psychiatr 2013; 6:347-8. [PMID: 23810146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Manoach DS, Agam Y. Neural markers of errors as endophenotypes in neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:350. [PMID: 23882201 PMCID: PMC3714549 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning from errors is fundamental to adaptive human behavior. It requires detecting errors, evaluating what went wrong, and adjusting behavior accordingly. These dynamic adjustments are at the heart of behavioral flexibility and accumulating evidence suggests that deficient error processing contributes to maladaptively rigid and repetitive behavior in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies reveal highly reliable neural markers of error processing. In this review, we evaluate the evidence that abnormalities in these neural markers can serve as sensitive endophenotypes of neuropsychiatric disorders. We describe the behavioral and neural hallmarks of error processing, their mediation by common genetic polymorphisms, and impairments in schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and autism spectrum disorders. We conclude that neural markers of errors meet several important criteria as endophenotypes including heritability, established neuroanatomical and neurochemical substrates, association with neuropsychiatric disorders, presence in syndromally-unaffected family members, and evidence of genetic mediation. Understanding the mechanisms of error processing deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders may provide novel neural and behavioral targets for treatment and sensitive surrogate markers of treatment response. Treating error processing deficits may improve functional outcome since error signals provide crucial information for flexible adaptation to changing environments. Given the dearth of effective interventions for cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders, this represents a potentially promising approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara S Manoach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Charlestown, MA, USA
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