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Wei Y, Su W, Zhang T, Webler R, Tang X, Zheng Y, Tang Y, Xu L, Cui H, Zhu J, Qian Z, Ju M, Long B, Zhao J, Chen C, Zeng L, Zhang T, Wang J. Structural and functional abnormalities across clinical stages of psychosis: A multimodal neuroimaging investigation. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 99:104153. [PMID: 39047353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural and functional neurobiological abnormalities have been observed in schizophrenia. Previous studies have concentrated on specific illness stages, obscuring relationships between functional/structural changes and disorder progression. The present study aimed to quantify structural and functional abnormalities across different clinical stages using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). METHODS Fifty-four participants with first-episode schizophrenia (FES), 120 with clinically high risk of psychosis (CHR), and 111 healthy controls (HCs) underwent functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure oxyhemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) during the verbal fluency task. Among them, 28FES, 64CHR and 55HC also finished sMRI. Oxy-Hb and gray matter volume (GMV) were compared among the three groups while controlling for covariates, including age, sex, years of education, and task performance. Mediation analysis was utilized to determine the mediating effect of GMV on Oxy-Hb and cognition. RESULTS Compared with the HC group, CHR and FES groups showed significantly reduced brain activity. However, there were no significant differences between the FES and CHR. Pronounced GMV increase in the right frontal pole area (F = 4.234, p = 0.016) was identified in the CHR and FES groups. Mediation analysis showed a significant mediation effect of the right frontal pole GMV between Channel 31 Oxy-Hb and processing speed (z = 2.105, p = 0.035) and attention/vigilance (z = 1.992, p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Brain activation and anatomical deficits were observed in different brain regions, suggesting that anatomical and functional abnormalities are dissociated in the early stages of psychosis. The relationship between neural activity and anatomy may reflect a specific pathophysiology related to cognitive deterioration in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wenjun Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tingyu Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ryan Webler
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Xiaochen Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuchen Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Huiru Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Junjuan Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhenying Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Mingliang Ju
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Bin Long
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lingyun Zeng
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, ShenZhen, China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Zhou Y, Lin J, Li C, Zheng Y, Meng Z, Teng Y, Tao M. A fNIRS investigation of menopausal-related symptoms and brain cortical activity in menopause. J Affect Disord 2024; 353:101-108. [PMID: 37979627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to delineate the association between menopausal-related symptoms and brain cortical hemodynamics in peri-postmenopause women. METHODS Cross-sectional data from a total of 358 Han-Chinese women who visited the Menopause Clinic in the Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital from August 2019 to August 2022. Menopausal-related symptoms were analyzed through Kupperman index (KMI) scale and PSQI scale, while cerebral blood flow was measured using a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Multiple linear regression model was used to assess the risk factors for subregions of brain hemodynamic response. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding factors, we identified that menopausal symptom (B = -1.575, 95 % CI (-2.661, -0.488), p = 0.005) and duration of menopause (B = -14.583, 95 % CI (-26.753, -4.192), p = 0.007) were independently associated with the lower brain hemodynamic response in the prefrontal lobe, while in the temporal lobe, overweight (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2) was negatively associated with the lower brain cortical activity (B = -36.882, 95 % CI (-72.708, -1.056), p = 0.044) after adjusting for other confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS Our findings proposed that menopausal symptom and overweight should be attached great importance to the postmenopausal women, which provides clinical evidence for the feasible early detection and effective prevention such as menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) of brain health in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200126, People's Republic of China
| | - Changbin Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasonography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheying Meng
- Department of Ultrasonography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Yincheng Teng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minfang Tao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Feng Y, Liu L, Jiang G, Wang M. Abnormal prefrontal cortical activation during the GO/NOGO and verbal fluency tasks in adult patients with comorbid generalized anxiety disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An fNIRS study. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 172:281-290. [PMID: 38428164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are commonly reported comorbidities. Adult GAD patients with comorbid ADHD are often underdiagnosed and undertreated. To explore the clinical value of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data for assisting in the accurate diagnosis of ADHD in individuals with GAD, haemoglobin (HbO) concentration changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were detected via fNIRS in 49 patients with both GAD and ADHD, 46 patients with GAD, and 34 healthy controls (HCs) during a verbal fluency task (VFT) and a GO/NOGO task. The correlations between PFC fNIRS data and the severity of inattention and hyperactivity symptoms assessed using the adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) were analyzed. Our results showed that, during the GO/NOGO task, channels in the left dorsolateral PFC (channels 28 and 29) were hyperactivated, while channels in the medial PFC (channels 36, 37, and 47) were hypoactivated in participants with ADHD and GAD compared with those with GAD alone. During the VFT, compared with the HC group, both the ADHD + GAD group and the GAD group exhibited significantly decreased HbO activation in the medial PFC (channels 37, 38, and 48) and in the left ventrolateral PFC (channel 39); moreover, no difference was found between the ADHD + GAD group and the GAD group. Activation in the left dorsolateral PFC (channels 28 and 29) during the GO/NOGO task showed a significant positive correlation with ASRS-inattention scores. Our results indicated that fNIRS data collected during the GO/NOGO task may help to distinguish patients with comorbid GAD and ADHD from those with GAD alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaju Feng
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Linfeng Liu
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Jiang
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China.
| | - Minjian Wang
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China.
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Chen H, Zhou M, Han L, Manoharasetty A, Yu Z, Luo H. Efficacy and executive function of solution-focused brief therapy on adolescent depression. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1246986. [PMID: 38525259 PMCID: PMC10957764 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1246986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the efficacy and impact on executive function of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) in treating Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in adolescents. Methods A total of 129 adolescents diagnosed with MDD were enrolled in the study. Out of these, 28 adolescents were assigned to the SFBT group, while 25 were part of the Active Control group (AC group), receiving psychodynamic psychotherapy. Executive function, depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed at baseline, at the time of the third intervention, the sixth intervention, and the 10th intervention. Results After the third intervention, the scores of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) of the participants in the SFBT group decreased significantly, which had the cumulative effect at the 6th and 10th interventions. The verbal fluency task (VFT) performances of the SFBT group participants yielded significantly higher scores after the third intervention and remained increasing at the 6th and 10th interventions. The AC group steadily decreased after the intervention. Analysis of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data revealed a progressive and significant increase in the average oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in the SFBT group compared to the AC group after the 10th intervention. Conclusions SFBT might improve depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as executive function of adolescent depression. Clinical trial registration https://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300067909.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisi Chen
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- Internal Medicine Department, Hangzhou Linping District Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Han
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Advaith Manoharasetty
- Institute for International Education, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghe Yu
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Ren Y, Cui G, Feng K, Zhang X, Yu C, Liu P. A scoping review of utilization of the verbal fluency task in Chinese and Japanese clinical settings with near-infrared spectroscopy. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1282546. [PMID: 38525251 PMCID: PMC10957746 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1282546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review targets the application of the Verbal Fluency Task (VFT) in conjunction with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for diagnosing psychiatric disorders, specifically in the contexts of China and Japan. These two countries are at the forefront of integrating fNIRS with VFT in clinical psychiatry, often employing this combination as a complementary tool alongside traditional psychiatric examinations. Our study aims to synthesize research findings on the hemodynamic responses elicited by VFT task in clinical settings of the two countries, analyzing variations in task design (phonological versus semantic), stimulus modality (auditory versus visual), and the impact of language typology. The focus on China and Japan is crucial, as it provides insights into the unique applications and adaptations of VFT in these linguistically and culturally distinct environments. By exploring these specific cases, our review underscores the importance of tailoring VFT to fit the linguistic and cultural context, thereby enhancing its validity and utility in cross-cultural psychiatric assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Ren
- Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Cui
- Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Pozi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Ma CC, Lin YY, Chung YA, Park SY, Huang CCY, Chang WC, Chang HA. The two-back task leads to activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia patients with predominant negative symptoms: a fNIRS study and its implication for tDCS. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:585-597. [PMID: 38227007 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06769-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has shown some potential as an adjunctive intervention for ameliorating negative symptoms of schizophrenia, but its efficacy requires optimization. Recently, 'functional targeting' of stimulation holds promise for advancing tDCS efficacy by coupling tDCS with a cognitive task where the target brain regions are activated by that task and further specifically polarized by tDCS.The study used 48-channel functional near infra-red spectroscopy (fNIRS) aiming to determine a cognitive task that can effectively induce a cortical activation of the left DLPFC in schizophrenia patients with predominant negative symptoms before running a tDCS trial. Sixty schizophrenia patients with predominant negative symptoms completed measures of clinical and psychosocial functioning characteristics and assessments across cognitive domains. Hemodynamic changes during n-back working memory tasks with different cognitive loads (1-back and 2-back) and verbal fluency test (VFT) were measured using fNIRS. For n-back tasks, greater signal changes were found when the task required elevated cognitive load. One sample t-test revealed that only 2-back task elicited significant activation in left DLPFC (t = 4.23, FDR-corrected p = 0.0007). During VFT, patients failed to show significant task-related activity in left DLPFC (one sample t-test, t = -0.25, FDR-corrected p > 0.05). Our study implies that 2-back task can effectively activate left DLPFC in schizophrenia patients with predominant negative symptoms. This neurophysiologically-validated task is considered highly potential to be executed in conjunction with high-definition tDCS for "functional targeting" of the left DLPFC to treat negative symptoms in a double-blind randomized sham-control trial, registered on ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (ID: NCT05582980).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Beitou Branch, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng-Kung Road, Sec. 2, Nei-Hu District, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yue Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sonya Youngju Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Wei-Chou Chang
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Beitou Branch, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng-Kung Road, Sec. 2, Nei-Hu District, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Luo B, Qiu C, Chang L, Lu Y, Dong W, Liu D, Xue C, Yan J, Zhang W. Altered brain network centrality in Parkinson's disease patients after deep brain stimulation: a functional MRI study using a voxel-wise degree centrality approach. J Neurosurg 2023; 138:1712-1719. [PMID: 36334296 DOI: 10.3171/2022.9.jns221640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After deep brain stimulation (DBS), patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) show improved motor symptoms and decreased verbal fluency, an effect that occurs before the initiation of DBS in the subthalamic nucleus. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of DBS on whole-brain degree centrality (DC) and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) in PD patients. METHODS The authors obtained resting-state functional MRI data of 28 PD patients before and after DBS surgery. All patients underwent MRI scans in the off-stimulation state. The DC method was used to evaluate the effects of DBS on whole-brain FC at the voxel level. Seed-based FC analysis was used to examine network function changes after DBS. RESULTS After DBS surgery, PD patients showed significantly weaker DC values in the left middle temporal gyrus, left supramarginal gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus, but significantly stronger DC values in the midbrain, left precuneus, and right precentral gyrus. FC analysis revealed decreased FC values within the default mode network (DMN). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the DC of DMN-related brain regions decreased in PD patients after DBS surgery, whereas the DC of the motor cortex increased. These findings provide new evidence for the neural effects of DBS on voxel-based whole-brain networks in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Luo
- Departments of1Functional Neurosurgery
| | - Chang Qiu
- Departments of1Functional Neurosurgery
| | - Lei Chang
- Departments of1Functional Neurosurgery
| | - Yue Lu
- Departments of1Functional Neurosurgery
| | | | | | | | - Jun Yan
- 4Geriatric Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Xu H, Wang Y, Wang YM, Cao Y, Li P, Hu Y, Xia G. Insomniacs show greater prefrontal activation during verbal fluency task compared to non-insomniacs: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy investigation of depression in patients. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:217. [PMID: 36997897 PMCID: PMC10064712 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that insomnia affects human prefrontal function and that there are specific patterns of brain activation to counteract sleep and improve cognition. However, the effects of insomnia on the prefrontal cortex of MDD (major depressive disorder) patients and the patterns of activation to counteract sleep in MDD patients remain unclear. The aim of this study is to examine this using fNIRS (functional near-infrared spectroscopy). METHODS Eighty depressed patients and 44 healthy controls were recruited for this study. fNIRS was used to assess changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin ([oxy-Hb]) in the prefrontal cortex of all participants during the VFT (verbal fluency test) and to record the number of words created to assess cognitive ability. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep quality, and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (24-item) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (14-item) were used to assess the severity of depression and anxiety. RESULTS When comparing patients, the healthy control group had significantly higher [oxy-Hb] values in the bilateral prefrontal cortex during VFT than the MDD group. In the MDD group, the [oxy-Hb] values in all brain regions except the right DLPFC were significantly higher in the group with insomnia than in the group without insomnia, but their VFT performance was significantly lower than in the group without insomnia and the healthy group. PSQI scores were positively correlated with [oxy-Hb] values in some left-brain regions, whereas HAMD and HAMA scores were not correlated with [oxy-Hb] values. CONCLUSION The PFC was significantly less active during VFT in those with MDD than in healthy controls. All brain regions, except the right DLPFC, were significantly more active in MDD patients with insomnia than in those without insomnia, suggesting that sleep quality needs to be an important indicator in fNIRS screening. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the severity of insomnia in the left VLPFC and the level of activation, suggesting a role for the left brain region in the neurophysiology of overcoming sleepiness in MDD patients. these findings may provide new ideas for the treatment of MDD patients in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION Our experiment was registered in the China Clinical Trial Registry (registration number ChiCTR2200065622) on November 10.( The first patient was recruited in 10/11/2022.).
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Affiliation(s)
- HuaSen Xu
- Department of psychiatry, Affliated Hospital to Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - YuXing Wang
- Department of psychiatry, Affliated Hospital to Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Ming Wang
- Department of psychiatry, Affliated Hospital to Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.
| | - YaQi Cao
- Department of psychiatry, Affliated Hospital to Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - PeiFan Li
- Department of psychiatry, Affliated Hospital to Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - YongXue Hu
- Department of psychiatry, Affliated Hospital to Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - GuangYuan Xia
- Department of psychiatry, Affliated Hospital to Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
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Hou Y, Zhang L, Chen X, Wang Y, Jiang T, Qi Q, Zhang C, Shi C. Study on brain function of the frontal lobe in patients with functional gastroduodenal disease by near-infrared functional imaging. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114182. [PMID: 36916402 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE functional gastroduodenal disease is the main type of functional gastrointestinal disease in the clinical department of Gastroenterology and psychosomatic medicine at present, which accounts for a large proportion of outpatients in gastroenterology. The main manifestations are epigastric pain, dyspepsia, belching, chronic nausea, and vomiting. The purpose of this study is to explore the changes in brain function in patients with functional gastroduodenal diseases through experiments to reveal the possible central etiology and development process. METHODS the functional changes of the prefrontal lobe in patients with functional gastroduodenal diseases and normal controls were detected and analyzed by near-infrared brain imaging. At the same time, SCL-90 was used to evaluate the mental health status of patients with functional gastroduodenal diseases and normal controls. The changes in the autonomic nerve system in patients and normal controls were detected and compared by heart rate variability trend chart. RESULTS the activity of left prefrontal lobe areas s8-d8, s10-d4, s10-d10 and s10-d15 in patients with functional gastroduodenal disease was significantly lower than normal controls (p < 0.05). The SCL-90 scale showed that there were significant differences between patients with functional gastroduodenal disease and normal controls, especially in depression, compulsion, anxiety, somatization, interpersonal sensitivity and hostility (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in lf/hf values detected by the HRV trend chart (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION the function of the left frontal lobe is decreased in patients with functional gastroduodenal disease. The autonomic nervous system may be related to the connection system between the brain center and internal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Hou
- Department of medical psychology and Department of Gastroenterology, the eighth medical center of the General Hospital of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of medical psychology and Department of Gastroenterology, the eighth medical center of the General Hospital of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Department of medical psychology and Department of Gastroenterology, the eighth medical center of the General Hospital of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- Department of medical psychology and Department of Gastroenterology, the eighth medical center of the General Hospital of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Tong Jiang
- Department of medical psychology and Department of Gastroenterology, the eighth medical center of the General Hospital of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qinjiazi Qi
- Department of medical psychology and Department of Gastroenterology, the eighth medical center of the General Hospital of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chuanxiao Zhang
- Department of medical psychology and Department of Gastroenterology, the eighth medical center of the General Hospital of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Department of medical psychology and Department of Gastroenterology, the eighth medical center of the General Hospital of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, China
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Tran BX, Nguyen TT, Boyer L, Fond G, Auquier P, Nguyen HSA, Tran HTN, Nguyen HM, Choi J, Le HT, Latkin CA, Nathan KI, Husain SF, McIntyre RS, Ho CSH, Zhang MWB, Ho RCM. Differentiating people with schizophrenia from healthy controls in a developing Country: An evaluation of portable functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as an adjunct diagnostic tool. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1061284. [PMID: 36778640 PMCID: PMC9910791 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1061284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate portable functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device as an adjunct diagnostic tool in Vietnam to assess hemodynamics when people with schizophrenia and healthy controls performed cognitive tasks. METHODS One hundred fifty-seven participants were divided into schizophrenia (n = 110) and healthy controls group (n = 47), which were recruited by match of age, and gender. Hemodynamic responses in the frontal cortex were monitored with a 48-channel portable device during the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT) and Verbal Fluency Test (VFT). General linear model compared the differences in oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) levels between the two groups. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) graph was generated for each neuroanatomical area. RESULTS People with schizophrenia did not show significant activation in the frontal lobe during the SCWT and VFT as compared to pre-task. During the VFT, the area under the ROC curve of the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral frontopolar prefrontal cortex, and bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex were greater than 0.7 (p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the right orbitofrontal cortex was maximal during the VFT (AUC = 0.802, 95%CI = 0.731-0.872). The Youden's index reached a peak (0.57) at the optimal cut-point value (HbO2 cutoff <0.209 μmol/ml for schizophrenia) in which the sensitivity was 85%; specificity was 72%; positive predictive value (PPV) was 0.88; negative predictive value (NPV) was 0.68 and correct classification rate was 76%. DISCUSSION Assessing hemodynamics during VFT by portable fNIRS offers the potential as an adjunct diagnostic tool for schizophrenia in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tham Thi Nguyen
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Laurent Boyer
- EA 3279, CEReSS, Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Fond
- EA 3279, CEReSS, Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Auquier
- EA 3279, CEReSS, Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Huong Thi Le
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Carl A Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kalpana Isabel Nathan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Syeda F Husain
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cyrus S H Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvyn W B Zhang
- Family Medicine and Primary Care, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Zhang K, Jin X, He Y, Wu S, Cui X, Gao X, Huang C, Luo X. Atypical frontotemporal cortical activity in first-episode adolescent-onset schizophrenia during verbal fluency task: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1126131. [PMID: 36970264 PMCID: PMC10030837 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1126131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Frontotemporal cortex dysfunction has been found to be associated with cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). In patients with adolescent-onset SCZ, a more serious type of SCZ with poorer functional outcome, cognitive impairment appeared to occur at an early stage of the disease. However, the characteristics of frontotemporal cortex involvement in adolescent patients with cognitive impairment are still unclear. In the present study, we aimed to illustrate the frontotemporal hemodynamic response during a cognitive task in adolescents with first-episode SCZ. Methods Adolescents with first-episode SCZ who were aged 12-17 and demographically matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. We used a 48-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system to record the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) in the participants' frontotemporal area during a verbal fluency task (VFT) and analyzed its correlation with clinical characteristics. Results Data from 36 adolescents with SCZ and 38 HCs were included in the analyses. Significant differences were found between patients with SCZ and HCs in 24 channels, mainly covering the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, superior and middle temporal gyrus and frontopolar area. Adolescents with SCZ showed no increase of oxy-Hb concentration in most channels, while the VFT performance was comparable between the two groups. In SCZ, the intensity of activation was not associated with the severity of symptoms. Finally, receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that the changes in oxy-Hb concentration could help distinguish the two groups. Conclusion Adolescents with first-episode SCZ showed atypical cortical activity in the frontotemporal area during the VFT, and fNIRS features might be more sensitive indicators in cognitive assessment, indicating that the characteristic hemodynamic response pattern might be potential imaging biomarkers for this population.
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12
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Koike S, Sakakibara E, Satomura Y, Sakurada H, Yamagishi M, Matsuoka J, Okada N, Kasai K. Shared functional impairment in the prefrontal cortex affects symptom severity across psychiatric disorders. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2661-2670. [PMID: 33336641 PMCID: PMC9647535 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720004742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prefrontal deficits in psychiatric disorders have been investigated using functional neuroimaging tools; however, no studies have tested the related characteristics across psychiatric disorders considering various demographic and clinical confounders. METHODS We analyzed 1558 functional brain measurements using a functional near-infrared spectroscopy during a verbal fluency task from 1200 participants with three disease spectra [196 schizophrenia, 189 bipolar disorder (BPD), and 394 major depressive disorder (MDD)] and 369 healthy controls along with demographic characteristics (age, gender, premorbid IQ, and handedness), task performance during the measurements, clinical assessments, and medication equivalent doses (chlorpromazine, diazepam, biperiden, and imipramine) in a consistent manner. The association between brain functions and demographic and clinical variables was tested using a general linear mixed model (GLMM). Then, the direction of relationship between brain activity and symptom severity, controlling for any other associations, was estimated using a model comparison of structural equation models (SEMs). RESULTS The GLMM showed a shared functional deficit of brain activity and a schizophrenia-specific delayed activity timing in the prefrontal cortex (false discovery rate-corrected p < 0.05). Comparison of SEMs showed that brain activity was associated with the global assessment of functioning scores in the left inferior frontal gyrus opercularis (IFGOp) in BPD group and the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, and the left superior frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus triangularis, and IFGOp in MDD group. CONCLUSION This cross-disease large-sample neuroimaging study with high-quality clinical data reveals a robust relationship between prefrontal function and behavioral outcomes across three major psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Koike
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior (CiSHuB), 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Eisuke Sakakibara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Satomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hanako Sakurada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mika Yamagishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Jun Matsuoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior (CiSHuB), 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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13
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Wang Y, Feng S, Yang R, Hou W, Wu X, Chen L. The learning-relative hemodynamic modulation of cortical plasticity induced by a force-control motor training. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:922725. [PMID: 36161184 PMCID: PMC9492923 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.922725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel motor skills are generally acquired through repetitive practices which are believed to be strongly related to neural plasticity mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the learning-relative hemodynamic modulation of cortical plasticity induced by long-term motor training. Methods An 8-day participation-control program was conducted. Eighteen right-handed healthy participants were recruited and randomly assigned into the training (12) and control groups (6). The training group were arranged to undergo the 8-day block-designed motor training which required to repeat a visuomotor force-control task. The functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to continuously monitor the cortical hemodynamic response during training. Two transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measurements were performed before and after training to evaluate the cortical excitability changes. The transfer effects of learning were also investigated. Results The behavior performance was quantified via score execution accuracy to illustrate the fast/slow learning stages as experience cumulated. The cortical hemodynamic activations mapped by fNIRS exhibited a temporal evolution trends that agreed the expansion–renormalization model, which assumed the brain modulation against skill acquisition includes complex mechanisms of neural expansion, selection, and renormalization. Functional connectivity (FC) analysis showed the FC strength was maintained, while the measured homodynamic activation returned to baseline after certain level of skill acquisition. Furthermore, the TMS results demonstrated a significant increase of motor evoked potential (MEP) on the targeted muscle for the trained participants, who significantly outperformed the untrained subjects in learning transfer investigation. Conclusion The study illustrated the expansion–renormalization trends during continuous motor training, and relative analysis showed the functional connectivity enhancement may be maintained after amplitude renormalization of cortical hemodynamic activations. The TMS findings further gave an implication of neural facilitations on the descending motor pathway when brain activation returned to renormalization status after certain level of learning stages was achieved, and the learning can transfer to enhance the performance while encountering similar tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wensheng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Service Robot Control Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Service Robot Control Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Service Robot Control Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Chen
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14
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Luo B, Dong W, Chang L, Qiu C, Lu Y, Liu D, Xue C, Zhang L, Liu W, Zhang W, Yan J. Altered Interhemispheric Functional Connectivity Associated With Early Verbal Fluency Decline After Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:799545. [PMID: 35431904 PMCID: PMC9011328 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.799545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experience a decline in verbal fluency (VF) immediately after undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). This phenomenon is thought to be related to surgical microlesions. Purpose We investigated the alterations in interhemispheric functional connectivity after STN-DBS in PD patients. We also evaluated the correlation between these changes and decreased VF scores. Method Overall, 30 patients with PD were enrolled in the study. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed twice, once before and once after DBS, in PD patients. Voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) was applied in order to evaluate the synchronicity of functional connectivity between the hemispheres. Result After undergoing STN-DBS, PD patients demonstrated reduced VMHC value in the posterior cerebellum lobe, angular gyrus, precuneus/posterior cingulate gyrus (PCC), supramarginal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus (SFG) (medial and dorsolateral) and middle frontal gyrus (MFG). In addition, we observed a significant positive correlation between the altered VMHC value in the SFG and MFG and the change of phonemic VF scores. Conclusion PD patients demonstrated an interhemispheric coordination disorder in the prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, supramarginal gyrus and DMN after undergoing STN-DBS. The positive correlation between reduced VMHC value in the SFG and MFG and the changes of VF scores provides a novel understanding with regard to the decline of VF after DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Luo
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Dong
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang Qiu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongming Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Xue
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Wenbin Zhang,
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jun Yan,
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15
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Shinba T, Kariya N, Matsuda S, Arai M, Itokawa M, Hoshi Y. Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy Shows Anterior Prefrontal Blood Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia but Not in Major Depressive Disorder. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22041594. [PMID: 35214493 PMCID: PMC8877487 DOI: 10.3390/s22041594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies using various brain imaging methods have reported prefrontal blood flow disturbances in psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. In both disorders, alterations of the resting blood flow, in addition to that of the activation in response to task load, have been shown, but the results are not consistent. The present study aimed to examine the anterior prefrontal hemoglobin concentration at the resting state in schizophrenia and depression using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIR-TRS), which estimates the optical absorption coefficients and calculates the absolute concentrations of oxygenated (oxy-Hb), deoxygenated (deoxy-Hb), and total (total-Hb; sum of oxy-Hb and deoxy-Hb) hemoglobin. Their ratios to systemic blood hemoglobin concentration (blood-Hb) were also assessed. In agreement with our previous data, total-Hb and total-Hb/blood-Hb in schizophrenia were significantly lower. The present study further revealed that both oxy-Hb/blood-Hb and deoxy-Hb/blood-Hb in schizophrenia were reduced. In depression, total-Hb, total-Hb/blood-Hb, oxy-Hb, and oxy-Hb/blood-Hb were higher than in schizophrenia and were not different from the control. The oxygen saturation (oxy-Hb/total-Hb), in addition to the optical pathlengths, did not show group differences. Lowered oxy-Hb/blood-Hb and deoxy-Hb/blood-Hb together with unchanged oxygen saturation may indicate that the prefrontal blood volume is reduced in schizophrenia. The present findings suggest that NIR-TRS is useful in analyzing the hemodynamic aspects of prefrontal dysfunction in schizophrenia and differentiating schizophrenia from depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikazu Shinba
- Department of Psychiatry, Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital, Shizuoka 422-8527, Japan
- Autonomic Nervous System Consulting, Shizuoka 422-8527, Japan
- Maynds Tower Mental Clinic, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan; (N.K.); (S.M.)
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (M.A.); (M.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-54-285-6171
| | - Nobutoshi Kariya
- Maynds Tower Mental Clinic, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan; (N.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Saori Matsuda
- Maynds Tower Mental Clinic, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan; (N.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Makoto Arai
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (M.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Masanari Itokawa
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (M.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Yoko Hoshi
- Department of Biomedical Optics, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan;
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16
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Wang HY, Ren L, Li T, Pu L, Huang X, Wang S, Song C, Liang Z. The impact of anxiety on the cognitive function of informal Parkinson's disease caregiver: Evidence from task-based and resting-state fNIRS. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:960953. [PMID: 36159948 PMCID: PMC9492928 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.960953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Informal Parkinson's disease (PD) caregivers are considered to experience high levels of caregiver burden, negatively affecting the health of caregivers. However, few studies explored the relationship between anxiety in caregiver burden and cognitive function in informal PD caregivers. Although, no study has even investigated the neural mechanisms underlying this connection. This study aimed to conduct comprehensive cognitive and clinical assessments and evaluate brain activity from task-based state and resting-state using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). A total of ten informal PD caregivers and 15 matched, healthy, non-caregivers were recruited. Comprehensive cognitive and clinical assessments were conducted to evaluate five cognitive domains and mental states. Neural activity induced by verbal fluency task (VFT) and brain connectivity during resting state were monitored, and their correlations with the neuropsychological and clinical tests were explored. Our results showed that compared to non-caregiver, an informal PD caregiver exhibited no difference in most cognitive domains of function but performed better in attentional function, along with higher levels of anxiety. Decreased activation over prefrontal regions during VFT and hypo-connectivity within the frontoparietal network (FPN) and between default mode network (DMN) and FPN in the resting state were confirmed in this study as a result of the negative effects of anxiety on the brain. Furthermore, Spearman's correlation found that neural activity in FPN during task-based state and resting state was negatively correlated with the severity of anxiety. These findings indicate that despite normal or even better cognitive function, informal PD caregivers have impaired brain function, and this deficit in neural activity was related to anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lu Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lanlan Pu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhanhua Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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17
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Huang J, Zhang J, Zhang T, Wang P, Zheng Z. Increased Prefrontal Activation During Verbal Fluency Task After Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment in Depression: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:876136. [PMID: 35444573 PMCID: PMC9013767 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.876136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown the clinical effect of 2 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for depression; however, its underlying neural mechanisms are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of rTMS on the activity of the prefrontal cortex in patients with depression, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). METHODS Forty patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 40 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Patients underwent 4 weeks of 2 Hz TMS delivered to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). fNIRS was used to measure the changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin ([oxy-Hb]) in the prefrontal cortex during a verbal fluency task (VFT) in depressed patients before and after rTMS treatment. The severity of depression was assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-24 item (HAMD-24). RESULTS Prior to rTMS, depressed patients exhibited significantly smaller [oxy-Hb] values in the bilateral prefrontal cortex during the VFT compared with the healthy controls. After 4 weeks of 2 Hz right DLPFC rTMS treatment, increased [oxy-Hb] values in the bilateral frontopolar prefrontal cortex (FPPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and left DLPFC during the VFT were observed in depressed patients. The increased [oxy-Hb] values from baseline to post-treatment in the right VLPFC in depressed patients were positively related to the reduction of HAMD score following rTMS. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the function of the prefrontal cortex in depressed patients was impaired and could be recovered by 2 Hz rTMS. The fNIRS-measured prefrontal activation during a cognitive task is a potential biomarker for monitoring depressed patients' treatment response to rTMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Huang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tingyu Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Fu X, Quan W, Liu L, Li T, Dong W, Wang J, Tian J, Yan J, Liao J. Similarities and Differences in Brain Activation Between Patients With Schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:853428. [PMID: 35558422 PMCID: PMC9086627 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.853428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) share several epidemiological and clinical features, but the neurobiological substrates shared by these two diseases remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the similarities and differences in brain function between them using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Eventually, 130 SZ patients, 70 OCD and 75 normal controls (NCs) were enrolled. A 52-channel NIRS instrument was used to detect the concentration changes in oxygenated hemoglobin ([oxy-Hb]) during the verbal fluency task. Ten regions of interests (ROIs) were defined: the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), frontopolar cortex (FPC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), inferior prefrontal gyrus (IFG) and temporal gyrus (TG). Through two different analysis strategies based on channels or ROIs, we compared the [oxy-Hb] changes in three groups by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc tests. Across 52 channels, compared to the NC group, both SZ and OCD groups exhibited reduced activity in 17 channels, including left FPC, left DLPFC, bilateral OFC, IFG, middle TG, supplementary motor cortex and Broca's area, while SZ showed lower activity in channel 35 (right OFC) than OCD patients. Across all ROIs, compared to the NC group, both SZ and OCD groups showed reduced activity in 7 ROIs, including left FPC, bilateral OFC, IFG and TG, while SZ showed lower activity in the right OFC than OCD group, which were almost consistent with the results based on channels. This study suggests SZ and OCD present with some similar neuropathological changes, while SZ shows more severe impairment in the right OFC than OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Fu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.,Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenxiang Quan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Tian Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Wentian Dong
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jiuju Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Ju Tian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jinmin Liao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
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Xia D, Quan W, Wu T. Optimizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) channels for schizophrenic identification during a verbal fluency task using metaheuristic algorithms. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:939411. [PMID: 35923448 PMCID: PMC9342670 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.939411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to reduce the complexity of the 52-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system to facilitate its usage in discriminating schizophrenia during a verbal fluency task (VFT). METHODS Oxygenated hemoglobin signals obtained using 52-channel fNIRS from 100 patients with schizophrenia and 100 healthy controls during a VFT were collected and processed. Three features frequently used in the analysis of fNIRS signals, namely time average, functional connectivity, and wavelet, were extracted and optimized using various metaheuristic operators, i.e., genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and their parallel and serial hybrid algorithms. Support vector machine (SVM) was used as the classifier, and the performance was evaluated by ten-fold cross-validation. RESULTS GA and GA-dominant algorithms achieved higher accuracy compared to PSO and PSO-dominant algorithms. An optimal accuracy of 87.00% using 16 channels was obtained by GA and wavelet analysis. A parallel hybrid algorithm (the best 50% individuals assigned to GA) achieved an accuracy of 86.50% with 8 channels on the time-domain feature, comparable to the reported accuracy obtained using 52 channels. CONCLUSION The fNIRS system can be greatly simplified while retaining accuracy comparable to that of the 52-channel system, thus promoting its applications in the diagnosis of schizophrenia in low-resource environments. Evolutionary algorithm-dominant optimization of time-domain features is promising in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xia
- China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxiang Quan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Tongning Wu
- China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Beijing, China
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20
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Devezas MÂM. Shedding light on neuroscience: Two decades of functional near-infrared spectroscopy applications and advances from a bibliometric perspective. J Neuroimaging 2021; 31:641-655. [PMID: 34002425 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive optical brain-imaging technique that detects changes in hemoglobin concentration in the cerebral cortex. fNIRS devices are safe, silent, portable, robust against motion artifacts, and have good temporal resolution. fNIRS is reliable and trustworthy, as well as an alternative and a complement to other brain-imaging modalities, such as electroencephalography or functional magnetic resonance imaging. Given these advantages, fNIRS has become a well-established tool for neuroscience research, used not only for healthy cortical activity but also as a biomarker during clinical assessment in individuals with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disease, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and cancer screening. Owing to its wide applicability, studies on fNIRS have increased exponentially over the last two decades. In this study, scientific publications indexed in the Web of Science databases were collected and a bibliometric-type methodology was developed. For this purpose, a comprehensive science mapping analysis, including top-ranked authors, journals, institutions, countries, and co-occurring keywords network, was conducted. From a total of 2310 eligible documents, 6028 authors and 531 journals published fNIRS-related papers, Fallgatter published the highest number of articles and was the most cited author. University of Tübingen in Germany has produced the most trending papers since 2000. USA was the most prolific country with the most active institutions, followed by China, Japan, Germany, and South Korea. The results also revealed global trends in emerging areas of research, such as neurodevelopment, aging, and cognitive and emotional assessment.
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21
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Li J, Mu J, Shen C, Yao G, Feng K, Zhang X, Liu P. Abnormal Cortical Activation Patterns Among Chinese-Speaking Schizophrenia Patients During Category and Letter Verbal Fluency Tasks Revealed by Multi-Channel Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:790732. [PMID: 34899442 PMCID: PMC8663721 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.790732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has many advantages over other neuroimaging modalities for routine measurement of task-dependent cortical activation, but most fNIRS studies of schizophrenia have used letter fluency tasks (LFTs). Further, performances on category fluency tasks (CFTs) and LFTs may be distinct in Chinese patients due to the unique semantic features of Chinese written characters. To identify unique disease biomarkers measurable by fNIRS in Chinese schizophrenia patients, this study compared cortical oxygenated hemoglobin changes ([oxy-Hb]) during a Chinese LFT and CFT between patients and healthy controls. Methods: Inpatients of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University were recruited from Match 2020 to July 2021. The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate psychiatric symptoms. Dynamic changes in [oxy-Hb], an indicator of neural activity, were measured during CFT and LFT performance by 52-channel fNIRS. Results: Forty-seven schizophrenia inpatients and 29 healthy controls completed all tests. Schizophrenia patients showed significant cortical activation at 15 channels covering the left hemisphere and 17 channels over the right hemisphere during the CFT. During the LFT, activity was significantly increased at only six channels, all over the left hemisphere (FDR P < 0.05). In healthy controls, significant [oxy-Hb] increases were found at 24 channels over the left hemisphere and 19 channels over the right hemisphere during CFT. While during the LFT, the significant increases were found at 7 channels all over the left hemisphere (FDR P < 0.05). When years of education was included as a covariate, the schizophrenia group demonstrated no significant hypoactivation relative to healthy controls at any channel after FDR correction (FDR P < 0.05) during CFT while demonstrated significant hypoactivation at channel 11 during LFT (FDR P < 0.05). There were no significant associations between PANSS scores and [oxy-Hb] changes after FDR correction (FDR P < 0.05). Conclusions: Left lateralization during CFT was reduced among schizophrenia patients and may be related to the semantic deficit. The Chinese-CFT could be a more sensitive indicator of frontal-temporal dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Junlin Mu
- Department of Neuroelectrophysiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chenyu Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital (Tsinghua University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine), Beijing, China
| | - Guanqun Yao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital (Tsinghua University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital (Tsinghua University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine), Beijing, China
| | - Pozi Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital (Tsinghua University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine), Beijing, China
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22
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Wen D, Lang X, Zhang H, Li Q, Yin Q, Chen Y, Xu Y. Task and Non-task Brain Activation Differences for Assessment of Depression and Anxiety by fNIRS. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:758092. [PMID: 34803768 PMCID: PMC8602554 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.758092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment of the patients with major depression (MD) or the combined anxiety and depression (A&D) depend on the questionnaire, sometimes accompanied by tasks such as verbal fluency task (VFT). Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is emerging as an auxiliary diagnostic tool to evaluate brain function, providing an objective criterion to judge psychoses. At present, the conclusions derived from VFT or rest (non-task) studies are controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if task performs better than non-task in separating healthy people from psychiatric patients. In this study, healthy controls (HCs) as well as the patients with MD or A&D were recruited (n = 10 for each group) to participate in the non-task and VFT tasks, respectively, and the brain oxygenation was longitudinally evaluated by using fNIRS. An approach of spectral analysis is used to analyze cerebral hemoglobin parameters (i.e., Oxy and Deoxy), characterizing the physiological fluctuations in the non-task and task states with magnitude spectrum and average power. Moreover, the standard deviation of oxygenation responses during the non-task was compared with the peak amplitude during the task, with the aim to explore the sensitivity of the VFT task to brain activation. The results show that there is no significant difference (p > 0.05) among the three groups in average power during non-task. The VFT task greatly enhanced the magnitude spectrum, leading to significant difference (p < 0.05) in average power between any of two groups (HC, MD, and A&D). Moreover, 40% patients with A&D have an intermediate peak (around 0.05 Hz) in the magnitude spectrum when performing the VFT task, indicating its advantage in characterizing A&D. We defined a rate of the non-task standard variation to the task peak amplitude (namely, SD-to-peak rate) and found that this rate is larger than 20% in 90% of the MD subjects. By contrast, only 40% HC subjects have an SD-to-peak rate larger than 20%. These results indicate that the non-task may not be sufficient to separate MD or A&D from HC. The VFT task could enhance the characteristics of the magnitude spectrum, but its intensity needs to be elevated so as to properly explore brain functions related to psychoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wen
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuenan Lang
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiqi Li
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qin Yin
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yulu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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23
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Yang J, Ji X, Quan W, Liu Y, Wei B, Wu T. Classification of Schizophrenia by Functional Connectivity Strength Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Front Neuroinform 2020; 14:40. [PMID: 33117140 PMCID: PMC7575761 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2020.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been widely employed in the objective diagnosis of patients with schizophrenia during a verbal fluency task (VFT). Most of the available methods depended on the time-domain features extracted from the data of single or multiple channels. The present study proposed an alternative method based on the functional connectivity strength (FCS) derived from an individual channel. The data measured 100 patients with schizophrenia and 100 healthy controls, who were used to train the classifiers and to evaluate their performance. Different classifiers were evaluated, and support machine vector achieved the best performance. In order to reduce the dimensional complexity of the feature domain, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. The classification results by using an individual channel, a combination of several channels, and 52 ensemble channels with and without the dimensional reduced technique were compared. It provided a new approach to identify schizophrenia, improving the objective diagnosis of this mental disorder. FCS from three channels on the medial prefrontal and left ventrolateral prefrontal cortices rendered accuracy as high as 84.67%, sensitivity at 92.00%, and specificity at 70%. The neurophysiological significance of the change at these regions was consistence with the major syndromes of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yang
- China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Beijing, China.,Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxiang Quan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yunshan Liu
- China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Beijing, China.,School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Wei
- China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Beijing, China.,School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xian, China
| | - Tongning Wu
- China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Beijing, China
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24
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Song M, Suda M, Aoyama Y, Takei Y, Sato T, Fukuda M, Mikuni M. Similar activation patterns in the prefrontal cortex for Chinese and Japanese verbal fluency tests with syllable cues as revealed by near-infrared spectroscopy. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2020; 42:924-931. [PMID: 32981449 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2020.1825637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The verbal fluency test (VFT) is utilized in neuropsychology to evaluate the cognitive function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the human brain. We present a novel Chinese VFT similar to the established Japanese VFT; both tests prompt a syllable to the subject. However, it was uncertain whether the Chinese VFT can activate the PFC and whether PFC activation patterns are similar between the two tests. Here we administered the Chinese VFT to 30 native Chinese speakers and the Japanese VFT to 30 native Japanese speakers. We used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to observe PFC activation. Then we compared the similarities between the Chinese VFT and the Japanese VFT. The subjects generated an average of 12.8 ± 4.7 words during the Chinese VFT. NIRS indicates that the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin during the test was significantly higher than those before and after the test. It exhibited similar PFC activation patterns with the Japanese VFT. The novel Chinese VFT can activate the PFC in the human brain effectively in Chinese speakers. Our work thus provides the first validated phonetically cued Chinese VFT, unique from other not strictly phonemic Chinese VFTs, and facilitates the diagnosis of various PFC-related cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiao Song
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Friendship Hospital , Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Masashi Suda
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine , Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Aoyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine , Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takei
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine , Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Sato
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine , Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masato Fukuda
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine , Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masahiko Mikuni
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine , Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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25
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Classification of Schizophrenia by Seed-based Functional Connectivity using Prefronto-Temporal Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 344:108874. [PMID: 32710923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is one of the most serious mental disorders. Currently, the diagnosis of schizophrenia mainly relies on scales and doctors' experience. Recently, functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been used to distinguish schizophrenia from other mental disorders. The conventional classification methods utilized time-course features from single or multiple fNIRS channels. NEW METHOD The fNIRS data were obtained from 52 channels covering the frontotemporal cortices in 200 patients with schizophrenia and 100 healthy subjects during a Chinese verbal fluency task. The channels with significant between-group differences were selected as the seeds. Functional connectivity (FC) was calculated for each seed, and FCs with significant between-group differences were selected as the features for classification. RESULTS The proposed method reduced the number of channels to 26 while achieving overall classification accuracy, sensitivity and specificity values as high as 89.67%, 93.00% and 86.00%, respectively, outperforming most of the reported results. The superior performance was attributed to the cross-scale neurological changes related to schizophrenia, which were employed by the classification method. In addition, the method provided multiple classification criteria with similar accuracy, consequently increasing the flexibility and reliability of the results. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS This is the first fNIRS study to classify schizophrenia based on FCs. This method integrated information from regional modulation, segregation and integration. The classification performance outperformed most of the classification methods described in previous studies. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a reliable method with a high level of accuracy and a low level of instrumental complexity to identify patients with schizophrenia.
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26
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Li S, Zhou H, Yu Y, Lyu H, Mou T, Shi G, Hu S, Huang M, Hu J, Xu Y. Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the cognitive impairment induced by sleep deprivation: a randomized trial. Sleep Med 2020; 77:270-278. [PMID: 32843299 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Currently, an efficient method for improving cognitive impairment due to sleep deprivation (SD) is lacking. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) during SD on reversing the adverse effects of SD. METHODS A total of 66 healthy people were randomized into the rTMS group and sham group. Both groups were deprived of sleep for 24 h. During SD, participants were asked to complete several cognitive tasks and underwent mood assessments. Saliva cortisol levels, plasma concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), precursor BDNF (proBDNF), and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and frontal blood activation were detected before and after SD. The rTMS group received real rTMS stimulation for 2 sessions of 10 Hz rTMS (40 trains of 50 pulses with a 20-second intertrain interval) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the sham group received sham stimulation during SD. RESULTS Twenty-four hours of SD induced a reduced accuracy in the n-back task, increases in both anxiety and depression, increased cortisol levels, decreased frontal blood activation and decreased BDNF levels in healthy people. Notably, rTMS improved the hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and decreased frontal blood activation induced by SD, and reduced the consumption of plasma proBDNF. CONCLUSIONS Twenty-four hours of SD induced a cognitive impairment. The administration of high-frequency rTMS during sleep deprivation exerted positive effects on HPA axis and frontal activation and might help alleviate cognitive impairment in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangda Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hetong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueran Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hailong Lyu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Mou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gongde Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Manli Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China.
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27
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Validating a functional near-infrared spectroscopy diagnostic paradigm for Major Depressive Disorder. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9740. [PMID: 32546704 PMCID: PMC7298029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced haemodynamic response in the frontotemporal cortices of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) has been demonstrated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Most notably, changes in cortical oxy-haemoglobin during a Japanese phonetic fluency task can differentiate psychiatric patients from healthy controls (HC). However, this paradigm has not been validated in the English language. Therefore, the present work aimed to distinguish patients with MDD from HCs, using haemodynamic response measured during an English letter fluency task. One hundred and five HCs and 105 patients with MDD took part in this study. NIRS signals during the verbal fluency task (VFT) was acquired using a 52-channel system, and changes in oxy-haemoglobin in the frontal and temporal regions were quantified. Depression severity, psychosocial functioning, pharmacotherapy and psychiatric history were noted. Patients with MDD had smaller changes in oxy-haemoglobin in the frontal and temporal cortices than HCs. In both regions of interest, oxy-haemoglobin was not associated with any of the clinical variables studied. 75.2% and 76.5% of patients with MDD were correctly classified using frontal and temporal region oxy-haemoglobin, respectively. Haemodynamic response measured by fNIRS during an English letter fluency task is a promising biomarker for MDD.
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28
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Liao J, Li T, Dong W, Wang J, Tian J, Liu J, Quan W, Yan J. Reduced prefrontal-temporal cortical activation during verbal fluency task in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy study. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 109:33-40. [PMID: 30468975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging studies by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have focused on the role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the reported areas in the PFC were inconsistent in OCD, and correlations between hemodynamic response and clinical symptoms have not been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the hemodynamic response related to the verbal fluency task (VFT) and assess the relationship between activation and clinical status in OCD patients using a 52-channel NIRS with a wide coverage over the prefrontal and temporal cortices. Seventy patients with OCD and 70 age-, gender- and education level-matched healthy control subjects were examined by NIRS. The relative concentration changes of oxygenated hemoglobin ([oxy-Hb]) were measured. The Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) was used to evaluate the severity of OCD symptoms. Compared to healthy controls group, OCD patients showed smaller [oxy-Hb] changes in most areas of the prefrontal and temporal cortex, including the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), bilateral inferior prefrontal cortex (IPFC), bilateral frontopolar cortex (FPC), left superior temporal gyrus (STG), and bilateral middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Furthermore, the [oxy-Hb] changes in the right FPC were negatively correlated with the Y-BOCS obsessions score and Y-BOCS total score, and the [oxy-Hb] changes in the left OFC were negatively correlated with the Y-BOCS compulsions score. These results suggest that patients with OCD have reduced prefrontal-temporal cortex hemodynamic responses, and that the abnormalities of brain activation were associated with the severity of OCD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmin Liao
- Inpatient Unit, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, NHC (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tian Li
- Inpatient Unit, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, NHC (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wentian Dong
- Department of Translational Medicine, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, NHC (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiuju Wang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, NHC (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ju Tian
- Department of Translational Medicine, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, NHC (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Translational Medicine, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, NHC (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenxiang Quan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, NHC (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jun Yan
- Inpatient Unit, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, NHC (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China.
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Prefrontal cortex dysfunction during verbal fluency task after atypicalantipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia: A near-infrared spectroscopy imaging study. Neurosci Lett 2018; 686:101-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Barahimi S, Einalou Z, Dadgostar M. STUDIES ON SCHIZOPHRENIA AND DEPRESSIVE DISEASES BASED ON FUNCTIONAL NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING: APPLICATIONS, BASIS AND COMMUNICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.4015/s101623721830002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Many investigations have been carried out on functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) applications in depression and schizophrenia patients that are most mysterious and costliest mental disorders in current society. fNIRS is a new optical method which assesses brain cortex hemodynamic and nervous activities non-invasively and it has been used in medicine as a study tool. Most of the researches of this approach have assessed the homodynamic response of frontal and temporal regions by means of various cognitive tasks. In this research, first, the cognitive task execution techniques have been explained concisely, and then some findings of fNIRS-based researches about depression and schizophrenia have been summarized and assessed. In fNIRS studies that have used various devices with different number of channels, the brain cortex functionality in schizophrenia and depressive patients has been investigated. The results demonstrate that a decrease in prefrontal regions activities can be observed in schizophrenia and depressive patients. Also more detailed studies illustrate ventrolateral, prefrontal and frontopolar region disorders. In severe depressive patients, a decrease in activities of prefrontal and temporal regions has been detected. Therefore, by paying attention to the deficiencies in these regions’ functions, it is possible to treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekoufe Barahimi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Einalou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Dadgostar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Palsetia D, Chandrasekhar K, Reddy MS, De Sousa A, Karia S. Executive function in patients with schizophrenia based on socio-occupational impairment: A cross-sectional study. Ind Psychiatry J 2018; 27:181-189. [PMID: 31359969 PMCID: PMC6592205 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_85_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive dysfunction deficit is the functionally most important cognitive deficit noted in schizophrenia. There is a dearth of Indian literature on the subject. The current study aimed at studying these executive functions in patients with schizophrenia in remission. METHODOLOGY Sixty outpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia as per international classification of diseases-10 criteria; in remission as measured by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores were divided into two groups using the personal and social performance scale. The patients with and without socio-occupational impairment formed the two groups. All patients were administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop test, Color Trails Test 1 and 2, Phonemic Fluency (Controlled Oral Word Association Test), and category fluency (animal names test) tests and the tower of London test to ascertain deficits in executive functions. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS The two groups were well matched. The group with socio-occupational impairment showed a lesser number of categories completed (P = 0.001), more perseverative errors (P = 0.001), and greater percentage of the same (P = 0.001) on the WCST. Statistically significant differences between both groups were observed for scores on phonemic fluency (P = 0.012) and category fluency (P = 0.049) tests as well as the Tower of London test (P = 0.021). They also showed differences on the Stroop test and Color Trail tests, but this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Performance on executive function tests is significantly correlated with functional outcome. It is important that future studies explore the role of these tests as a marker of socio-occupational impairment in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delnaz Palsetia
- Department of Psychiatry, Asha Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - K Chandrasekhar
- Department of Psychiatry, Asha Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - M S Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, Asha Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Avinash De Sousa
- Department of Psychiatry, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sagar Karia
- Department of Psychiatry, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Sun JJ, Liu XM, Shen CY, Feng K, Liu PZ. Abnormal prefrontal brain activation during a verbal fluency task in bipolar disorder patients with psychotic symptoms using multichannel NIRS. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:3081-3090. [PMID: 30519029 PMCID: PMC6239130 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s176153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bipolar disorder (BD) patients with psychotic symptoms (BDp) worsens prognosis and decreases rates of recovery. The study investigated cognitive performance and brain function between BD patients in depressive episode with and without psychotic symptoms to find potential neurobiological markers associated with psychotic features of BD patients in depressive episode. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-one patients without psychotic symptoms and 29 patients with psychotic symptoms diagnosed with bipolar I disorder with a current depressive episode were included in the present study. The neural function of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cognitive performance among BDp, BD patients without psychotic symptoms, and 23 healthy controls (HC) were examined using near-infrared spectroscopy during verbal fluency task (VFT). RESULTS 1) Both the BD groups exhibited significantly worse performance of VFT and lower activation of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) changes in the bilateral ventrolateral PFC compared with the HC group. 2) Within the BD group, VFT performance was not significantly different. 3) The prefrontal activation of oxy-Hb changes in the BDp patients was significantly lower than that in the BD patients without psychotic symptoms in the right dorsolateral PFC. 4) Activation of oxy-Hb changes in right dorsolateral PFC was negatively correlated with the severity of psychotic symptoms in BDp patients. CONCLUSION The prefrontal function differs between BD patients in depressive episode with or without psychotic symptoms measured with near-infrared spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Yu Quan Hospital, Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- Yu Quan Hospital, Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,
| | - Chen-Yu Shen
- Yu Quan Hospital, Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,
| | - Kun Feng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Yu Quan Hospital, Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,
| | - Po-Zi Liu
- Yu Quan Hospital, Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,
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Pu S, Nakagome K, Itakura M, Ohtachi H, Iwata M, Nagata I, Kaneko K. Right Frontotemporal Cortex Mediates the Relationship between Cognitive Insight and Subjective Quality of Life in Patients with Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:16. [PMID: 29456514 PMCID: PMC5801421 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although prior studies identified a relationship between cognitive insight and subjective quality of life (QOL) in patients with schizophrenia, the brain regions mediating this relationship remain unknown. Recent studies have shown that the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex may be particularly important for cognitive insight in individuals with schizophrenia. Here, we examined whether frontotemporal function mediates the relationship between cognitive insight and QOL in 64 participants, including 32 patients with schizophrenia and 32 healthy controls. Cognitive insight was measured using the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS), while participants' subjective QOL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-form Health Survey. Frontotemporal function was evaluated during a verbal fluency task using multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy. Consistent with previous findings, we found that frontotemporal function was impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Interestingly, our data also revealed that the right ventrolateral PFC and the right anterior part of the temporal cortex significantly mediated the relationship between the self-reflectiveness (SR) subscale of the BCIS and subjective QOL. These findings suggest that cognitive insight, particularly SR, is associated with subjective QOL in patients with schizophrenia via right frontotemporal function. The findings of this study provide important insight into a QOL model of schizophrenia, which may guide the development of cost-effective interventions that target frontotemporal function in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong Pu
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Itakura
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohtachi
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwata
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Izumi Nagata
- National Hospital Organization, Tottori Medical Center, Tottori-shi, Japan
| | - Koichi Kaneko
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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Koike S, Satomura Y, Kawasaki S, Nishimura Y, Kinoshita A, Sakurada H, Yamagishi M, Ichikawa E, Matsuoka J, Okada N, Takizawa R, Kasai K. Application of functional near infrared spectroscopy as supplementary examination for diagnosis of clinical stages of psychosis spectrum. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 71:794-806. [PMID: 28692185 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Research efforts aiming at neuroimaging-aided differential diagnosis for psychiatric disorders have been progressing rapidly. A previous multisite study has developed a supplementary diagnostic system using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) that can be easily applied to clinical settings. However, few neuroimaging biomarkers have been developed for the psychosis spectrum with various clinical stages. METHODS We employed the fNIRS as a clinical examination device for 143 participants, comprising 47 ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) individuals, 30 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP), 34 patients with chronic schizophrenia (ChSZ), and 33 healthy controls, who were independent of the previous study. A 12-month follow-up measurement was also carried out on 34 UHR individuals (72%), 21 patients with FEP (70%), and 33 controls. The fNIRS algorithm variables used for classification were the intensity and timing of prefrontal activation following the start of the cognitive task as used in the previous multisite study. RESULTS The discrimination rate by timing of activation was modest but it became acceptable after adjusting confounding factors. Discrimination by intensity of activation was not improved by similar adjustment. A total of 63.8%, 86.7%, and 81.3% patients were classified as UHR, FEP, and ChSZ, respectively; and 85.1%, 86.7%, and 71.9% of patients in these groups, respectively, were classified as being on the psychosis spectrum. In the follow-up measurement, 88.2% of individuals with UHR and 95.0% of patients with FEP were successfully classified into the psychosis spectrum group. CONCLUSION The fNIRS for supplementary clinical examination could be validly applied to differentiating people with the psychosis spectrum in various clinical stages. The fNIRS is a candidate biological marker for aiding diagnosis of psychosis spectrum in routine clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Koike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.,University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM).,Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Yoshihiro Satomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Shingo Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.,Application Development Office, Hitachi Medical Corporation, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukika Nishimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Akihide Kinoshita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hanako Sakurada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Mika Yamagishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Eriko Ichikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Jun Matsuoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ryu Takizawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
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Reduced language lateralization in first episode schizophrenia: A near infrared spectroscopy study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 78:96-104. [PMID: 28499897 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diminished functional lateralization in language-related areas is found in chronic schizophrenia (SZ). However, whether this reduced lateralization exists at the early stage of SZ remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate language lateralization in first episode schizophrenia (FES) using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during a letter version of verbal fluency test (VFT). METHODS A total of 28 FES patients and 33 healthy controls (HCs) underwent NIRS while performing a VFT. Six regions of interests (ROIs) were defined: the bilateral frontal-, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and temporal regions. Laterality index (LI) was calculated and compared between the two groups in ROIs. In addition, we investigated whether language lateralization was correlated with severity of clinical symptoms. RESULTS Across all ROIs, LI was significantly reduced in FES patients (p=0.037) compared to controls in the IFG region. In addition, LI was not found to be correlated with VFT performance, the PANSS positive, negative or general psychopathology subscales. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated a diminution of leftward functional lateralization in the IFG during a VFT in FES patients. This is the first NIRS study to report reduced functional lateralization in patients at the early stage of schizophrenia.
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36
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Kim HY, Seo K, Jeon HJ, Lee U, Lee H. Application of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to the Study of Brain Function in Humans and Animal Models. Mol Cells 2017; 40:523-532. [PMID: 28835022 PMCID: PMC5582298 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive optical imaging technique that indirectly assesses neuronal activity by measuring changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in tissues using near-infrared light. fNIRS has been used not only to investigate cortical activity in healthy human subjects and animals but also to reveal abnormalities in brain function in patients suffering from neurological and psychiatric disorders and in animals that exhibit disease conditions. Because of its safety, quietness, resistance to motion artifacts, and portability, fNIRS has become a tool to complement conventional imaging techniques in measuring hemodynamic responses while a subject performs diverse cognitive and behavioral tasks in test settings that are more ecologically relevant and involve social interaction. In this review, we introduce the basic principles of fNIRS and discuss the application of this technique in human and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Yeong Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988,
Korea
| | - Kain Seo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988,
Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul 06351,
Korea
| | - Unjoo Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hallym University, Kangwon 24252,
Korea
| | - Hyosang Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988,
Korea
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37
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Wang J, Lv B, Quan W, Wydell TN, Tian J, Wang P, Liu J, Dong W. Right fronto-temporal activation differs between Chinese first-episode and recurrent Major Depression Disorders during a verbal fluency task: A near-infrared spectroscopy study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 264:68-75. [PMID: 28463749 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuju Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bin Lv
- China Academy of Telecommunication Research of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxiang Quan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Taeko N Wydell
- Centre for Cognition and Neuroimaging, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Ju Tian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wentian Dong
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China.
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Kumar V, Shivakumar V, Chhabra H, Bose A, Venkatasubramanian G, Gangadhar BN. Functional near infra-red spectroscopy (fNIRS) in schizophrenia: A review. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 27:18-31. [PMID: 28558892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The research on the alterations in functional connectivity in schizophrenia has been facilitated by development of an array of functional neuroimaging techniques. Functional Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a novel diffuse optical neuromonitring method with its own advantages and limitations. The advantages of fNIRS have made it to be frequently used as a research tool by medical community in different settings. In fNIRS the property of haemoglobin to absorb near infrared light is used to measure brain activity. It provides the indirect measurement of the neuronal activity in the areas of interest. The advantage of fNIRS being less restrictive has made it to be used more commonly in the research of psychiatric disorders in general, schizophrenia in particular. The fNIRS studies on patients with schizophrenia have shown haemodynamic hypo activation primarily in the prefrontal cortex during various cognitive tasks. In this review, initially we have briefly explained the basic principles of fNIRS followed by detailed review of fNIRS findings in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Venkataram Shivakumar
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Harleen Chhabra
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Anushree Bose
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Bangalore N Gangadhar
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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Mubarik A, Tohid H. Frontal lobe alterations in schizophrenia: a review. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2016; 38:198-206. [DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2015-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objective: To highlight the changes in the frontal lobe of the human brain in people with schizophrenia. Methods: This was a qualitative review of the literature. Results: Many schizophrenic patients exhibit functional, structural, and metabolic abnormalities in the frontal lobe. Some patients have few or no alterations, while some have more functional and structural changes than others. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows structural and functional changes in volume, gray matter, white matter, and functional activity in the frontal lobe, but the mechanisms underlying these changes are not yet fully understood. Conclusion: When schizophrenia is studied as an essential topic in the field of neuropsychiatry, neuroscientists find that the frontal lobe is the most commonly involved area of the human brain. A clear picture of how this lobe is affected in schizophrenia is still lacking. We therefore recommend that further research be conducted to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of this psychiatric dilemma.
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40
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Pu S, Nakagome K, Itakura M, Yamanashi T, Sugie T, Miura A, Satake T, Iwata M, Nagata I, Kaneko K. Self-reported social functioning and prefrontal hemodynamic responses during a cognitive task in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2015; 234:121-9. [PMID: 26382107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Impaired social functioning is a characteristic of schizophrenia that affects patients' quality of life. The aim of the study was to assess prefrontal hemodynamic responses during a cognitive task and establish its influence on psychiatric symptoms, cognitive function, global functioning, and self-reported social functioning in patients with schizophrenia. Thirty-three patients with schizophrenia and 30 age-and sex-matched healthy controls participated in the study. We measured hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal and superior temporal cortical surface areas with 52-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during a verbal fluency task (VFT). Self-reported social functioning was assessed using the Social Functioning Scale (SFS). Regional hemodynamic responses were significantly smaller in the prefrontal and temporal regions in subjects with schizophrenia than in the controls, and prefrontal hemodynamic responses during the VFT showed a strong correlation with SFS total scores. These results suggest an association between self-reported social functioning and prefrontal activation in subjects with schizophrenia. The present study provides evidence that NIRS imaging could be helpful in understanding the neural basis of social functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong Pu
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Masashi Itakura
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yamanashi
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takuya Sugie
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Akehiko Miura
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takahiro Satake
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwata
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Izumi Nagata
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Koichi Kaneko
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
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41
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Li Z, Wang Y, Quan W, Wu T, Lv B. Evaluation of different classification methods for the diagnosis of schizophrenia based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 241:101-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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