1
|
Lin W, Yuan Y, Xu L, Wang W. Recent Progress in Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Flame Retardance and Fire-Warning Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:1858. [PMID: 38675677 PMCID: PMC11055176 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene-like 2D nanomaterials, such as graphene, MXene, molybdenum disulfide, and boron nitride, present a promising avenue for eco-friendly flame retardants. Their inherent characteristics, including metal-like conductivity, high specific surface area, electron transport capacity, and solution processability, make them highly suitable for applications in both structural fire protection and fire alarm systems. This review offers an up-to-date exploration of advancements in flame retardant composites, utilizing pristine graphene-like nanosheets, versatile graphene-like nanosheets with multiple functions, and collaborative systems based on these nanomaterials. Moreover, graphene-like 2D nanomaterials exhibit considerable potential in the development of early fire alarm systems, enabling timely warnings. This review provides an overview of flame-retarding and fire-warning mechanisms, diverse multifunctional nanocomposites, and the evolving trends in the development of fire alarm systems anchored in graphene-like 2D nanomaterials and their derivatives. Ultimately, the existing challenges and prospective directions for the utilization of graphene-like 2D nanomaterials in flame retardant and fire-warning applications are put forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China;
| | - Yao Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China;
| | - Lulu Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang W, Tu C, Tian Q, Wang K, Yang C, Ma C, Xu X, Yan W. Synergistic Effects of 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-Based Derivative and Modified Sepiolite on Flame-Retarded Poly (Ethylene Oxide)-Poly (Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate) Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:45. [PMID: 38201710 PMCID: PMC10781121 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-based derivative (PN-DOPO) combined with aluminium phosphates-coated sepiolite (Sep@AlPO4) was used to improve the flame retardance, thermal stability and mechanical performances of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blends. The synergistic effects of PN-DOPO and Sep@AlPO4 on flame-retarded PEO/PBAT composites were systematically discussed. Results indicated that introducing 5 wt% Sep@AlPO4 with 10 wt% PN-DOPO into PEO/PBAT achieved a V-1 rating for the UL-94 test and increased the limiting oxygen index value to 23.7%. Moreover, the peak heat release rate (p-HRR), average HRR and total heat release values of PEO/PBAT/PN10%/Sep5% composites decreased by 35.6%, 11.0% and 23.0% compared with those of PEO/PBAT, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results confirmed that PN-DOPO/Sep@AlPO4 enhanced the initial thermal stability and char yield of PEO/PBAT matrix, and TGA/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry results revealed that the composites exhibited the characteristic absorption peaks of phosphorous-containing groups and an increase in gas-phase volatiles during thermal degradation. The morphological structures of the residues indicated that PN-DOPO and Sep@AlPO4 mixtures produced a more dense and continuous char layer on the composite surface during burning. Rheological behaviour revealed that higher complex viscosity and modulus values of PEO/PBAT/PN-DOPO/Sep@AlPO4 sample could also promote the crosslinking network structure of condensed phases during combustion. Furthermore, the PEO/PBAT/PN-DOPO/Sep@AlPO4 composites exhibited superior elongation at break and flexural performance than the PEO/PBAT system. All results demonstrated that the PEO/PBAT system modified with PN-DOPO/Sep@AlPO4 showed remarkable flame retardance, and improved thermal stability and mechanical properties, indicating its potential application in areas requiring fire safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijiang Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China; (C.T.); (Q.T.); (K.W.); (C.Y.); (C.M.); (X.X.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Chunyun Tu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China; (C.T.); (Q.T.); (K.W.); (C.Y.); (C.M.); (X.X.)
| | - Qin Tian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China; (C.T.); (Q.T.); (K.W.); (C.Y.); (C.M.); (X.X.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Kui Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China; (C.T.); (Q.T.); (K.W.); (C.Y.); (C.M.); (X.X.)
| | - Chunlin Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China; (C.T.); (Q.T.); (K.W.); (C.Y.); (C.M.); (X.X.)
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China; (C.T.); (Q.T.); (K.W.); (C.Y.); (C.M.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaolu Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China; (C.T.); (Q.T.); (K.W.); (C.Y.); (C.M.); (X.X.)
| | - Wei Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China; (C.T.); (Q.T.); (K.W.); (C.Y.); (C.M.); (X.X.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang 550014, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Liu B, Chen R, Wang Y, Han Z, Wang C, Weng L. Synergistic Effect of Nano-Silica and Intumescent Flame Retardant on the Fire Reaction Properties of Polypropylene Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4759. [PMID: 37445072 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (nano-silica) were used as synergistic agents with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) to enhance flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP) in this research. The composites were prepared using a melt-mixing method. The influences of nano-silica on the fire performance of composites were thoroughly discussed, which promotes understanding of nano-silica on the flame-retardant performance of polypropylene composite. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) results indicated that the nano-silica with a diameter of about 95 ± 3.9 nm were dispersed favorably in the composite matrix, which might elevate its synergistic effect with intumescent flame retardant and improve the flame retardancy of polypropylene composite. The synergistic effects between nano-silica and intumescent flame retardant on PP composites were studied using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 test, and cone calorimeter test (CCT). The total amount of flame retardant was maintained at 30%. When the dosage of nano-silica was 1 wt.%, the LOI value of PP/IFR/Si1.0 composite reached 27.3% and its UL-94 classification reached V-1. Based on the parameters of the CCT, the introduction of nano-silica induced composites with depressed heat release rate (HRR) and peak heat release rate (PHRR). The PHRR of PP/IFR/Si0.5 was only 295.8 kW/m2, which was 17% lower than that of PP/IFR. Moreover, the time to PHRR of PP/IFR/Si0.5 was delayed to 396 s, which was about 36 s later than that without nano-silica. EDS was used to quantitatively analyze the distribution of silica in charred residue. The EDS results indicated that the silica tended to accumulate on the surface during the fire. The surface accumulation characteristic of silica endows it with the enhanced flame-retardant properties of polypropylene composite at a very small dosage (as low as 1 wt.%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Wang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Baoqiang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruiyang Chen
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhidong Han
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ling Weng
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu T, Han X, Wang H, Zhang Z, Lu S. Multi-functional bio-film based on sisal cellulose nanofibres and carboxymethyl chitosan with flame retardancy, water resistance, and self-cleaning for fire alarm sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124740. [PMID: 37150370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and environmentally friendly bio-based films have attracted significant attention as next-generation fire-responsive sensors. However, the low structural stability, durability, and flame retardancy of pure bio-based films limit their application in outdoor and extreme environments. Here, we report the design of a sustainable bio-based composite film assembled from carboxymethyl-modified sisal fibre microcrystals (C-MSF), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), graphene nanosheets (GNs), phytic acid (PA), and trivalent iron ions (Fe3+). Cross-linking between Fe3+ and the C-MSF/CMC matrix and the formation of PA-Fe3+ complexes on the surface of the film imparted excellent mechanical properties, chemical stability, self-cleaning ability, and flame retardancy to the bio-film. Furthermore, the bio-film produced a reversible and sensitive response to temperature at 55.3-214.1 °C, and a fire alarm system made from the bio-film had a fire-response time of 4.6 s. In addition, the char layer of the bio-film retained a stable cyclic response to temperature, enabling it to serve as a fire resurgence sensor with a response time of 2.3 s and recovery time of 11.2 s. This work provides a simple pathway for the fabrication of self-cleaning, flame retardant, and water-resistant bio-films that can be assembled into fire alarm systems for the real-time monitoring of fire accidents and resurgence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber, Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China; Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiaokun Han
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber, Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - He Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber, Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Zuocai Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Shaorong Lu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Multifunctional bio-films based on silk nanofibres/peach gum polysaccharide for highly sensitive temperature, flame, and water detection. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123472. [PMID: 36736982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Given their environment friendliness, light weight, and availability, bio-films have attracted wide interest for various applications in sensor materials. However, obtaining sensors with good environmental stability, excellent flame retardancy, and high wet strength remains a challenge. Herein, we prepared sensitive water, temperature and flame-responsive multi-function bio-films (named as PSCG bio-films) by combining peach gum polysaccharide, silk nanofibres, citric acid, and graphene. The PSCG bio-films demonstrated good flexibility, rapid and consistent water absorption, and stable wet strength at different temperatures. The bio-films showed excellent water sensitivity and rapid fire responsiveness within a short time frame (2 s); moreover, the response and recovery times of the bio-films in the temperature range of 50-150 °C were 0.1 and 0.3 s, respectively. In addition, the bio-films can be applied to micro-sized fire early warning devices and personalized breath monitoring. Our work presents a facile and green approach (without toxic solvent) to fabricate multi-function sensors with applications in various industries.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu Y, Zhu L, Dai L, Hu Z, Li L, Xiang H, Zhou Z, Zhu M. Enhancing flame retardancy of polyphenylene sulfide nanocomposite fibers by the synergistic effect of catalytic crosslinking and physical barrier. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20230032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Liping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Lu Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Zexu Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
- College of Mechanical and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Lili Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Hengxue Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Idumah CI. Recently emerging advancements in thermal conductivity and flame retardancy of MXene polymeric nanoarchitectures. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2121220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. I. Idumah
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Polymer Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Lin F, Wu Y, Wang S, Liu Z, Song L. Synergistic flame retardant effect of cerium‐based
DOPO
derivative and intumescent flame retardants in polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen China
| | - Fenglong Lin
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen China
| | - Yincai Wu
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen China
| | - Shenglong Wang
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen China
| | | | - Lijun Song
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wen Q, Chen Y, Wang X, Pei H. Synergistic Effect of 4A Molecular Sieve on Intumescent Ternary H-Bonded Complex in Flame-Retarding of Polypropylene. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020374. [PMID: 36679255 PMCID: PMC9861832 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a ternary hydrogen (H)-bonded complex intumescent flame retardant (TH-IFR) of melamine (ME) · phosphoric acid (PA)…pentaerythritol (PER) was synthesized through hydrothermal reaction. The combination of the synthesized TH-IFR with 4A molecular sieve as the synergist was used for the first time to improve the flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP). The involved structure, morphology, flame retardancy, flame-retarding mechanism and mechanical properties of the prepared PP composites were systematically investigated. The results show that incorporation of 1 wt% synergist 4A shows the optimum synergistic effect, and the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the flame-retarded (FR) PP composites are significantly improved. Incorporation of 4A could change the pyrolysis process of the entire system and promote the char-forming chemical interaction, thereby further enhancing the flame retardancy of FR PP composite. The synergistically flame-retarding mechanism of 4A is explained by the significantly improved quality and quantity of the solid-phase char layer, which is formed through generation of SiO2 and Al2O3 substances, and also participation of PP macromolecular chains in the final char layer formation during burning. Furthermore, the improved dispersion and compatibility of TH-IFR in the composite is largely beneficial to the improvement of flame retardancy and mechanical properties.
Collapse
|
10
|
Muhammed Raji A, Hambali HU, Khan ZI, Binti Mohamad Z, Azman H, Ogabi R. Emerging trends in flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam and its composites: A review. J CELL PLAST 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x221144564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the superior thermal insulating attributes of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) compared to other insulating materials (expanded and extruded polystyrene, mineral wool), it remains the most dominant insulating material and most studied polymer foam. Like other polyurethane foam, RPUF is highly flammable, necessitating the incorporation of flame retardants (FR) during production to lower combustibility, promoting its continuous use as insulation material in construction, transportation, and others. The popular approaches for correcting the high flammability of RPUF are copolymerization and blending (with FR). The second method has proven to be most effective as there are limited trade-offs in RPUF properties. Meanwhile, the high flammability of RPUF is still a significant hindrance in emerging applications (sensors, space travel, and others), and this has continuously inspired research in the flame retardancy of RPUF. In this study, properties, and preparation methods of RPUF are described, factors responsible for the high flammability of PUF are discussed, and flame retardancy of RPUF is thoroughly reviewed. Notably, most FR for RPUF are inorganic nanoparticles, lignin, intumescent FR systems of expandable graphite (EG), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and hybridized APP or EG with other FR. These could be due to their ease of processing, low cost, and being environmentally benign. Elaborate discussion on RPUF FR mechanisms were also highlighted. Lastly, a summary and future perspectives in fireproofing RPUF are provided, which could inspire the design of new FR for RPUF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwasiu Muhammed Raji
- Enhanced Polymer Research Group, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
- Department of Polymer and Textile Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Hambali Umar Hambali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Zahid Iqbal Khan
- Enhanced Polymer Research Group, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Binti Mohamad
- Enhanced Polymer Research Group, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Azman
- Enhanced Polymer Research Group, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Raphael Ogabi
- INSA Center Val de Loire, University Orleans, Bourges, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yan WJ, Xu S, Tian XY, Min JJ, Liu SC, Ding CJ, Wang NL, Hu Y, Fan QX, Li JS, Zeng HY. Novel bio-based lignosulfonate and Ni(OH)2 nanosheets dual modified layered double hydroxide as an eco-friendly flame retardant for polypropylene. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
12
|
Synthesis of a novel DOPO-substituted charring agent containing triazine for reducing the fire hazard of polypropylene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
13
|
Gao Q, Zhao H, Zhou XL, Liu FY, Jiao YH, Xie JX, Qu HQ, Xu JZ, Ma HY. Flame retardant, combustion and thermal degradation properties of polypropylene composites treated with the mixture of pentaerythritol, nickel hydroxystannate and expandable graphite. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Fang Q, Zhan Y, Chen X, Wu R, Zhang W, Wang Y, Wu X, He Y, Zhou J, Yuan B. A bio-based intumescent flame retardant with biomolecules functionalized ammonium polyphosphate enables polylactic acid with excellent flame retardancy. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
15
|
Fan C, Gao Y, Li Y, Yan L, Zhuang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z. A flame‐retardant and optically transparent wood composite. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuangang Fan
- School of Civil Engineering Central South University Changsha China
| | - Yuxin Gao
- School of Civil Engineering Central South University Changsha China
| | - Yuhao Li
- School of Civil Engineering Central South University Changsha China
| | - Long Yan
- School of Civil Engineering Central South University Changsha China
| | - Yanzhen Zhuang
- School of Civil Engineering Central South University Changsha China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University Changsha China
| | - Zhengyang Wang
- School of Civil Engineering Central South University Changsha China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu J, Xu S, Ding CJ, Liu ZH, Yan WJ, Hu Y, Zhong CZ, Cui XX, Wu K, Zeng HY. Novel carbon microspheres prepared by xylose decorated with layered double hydroxide as an effective eco-friendly flame retardant for polypropylene. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
17
|
Polyimide Copolymers and Nanocomposites: A Review of the Synergistic Effects of the Constituents on the Fire-Retardancy Behavior. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15114014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based polymer can catch fire when used as cathode material in batteries and supercapacitors, due to short circuiting. Polyimide is known to exhibit flame retardancy by forming char layer in condensed phase. The high char yield of polyimide is attributed to its aromatic nature and the existence of a donor–acceptor complex in its backbone. Fabrication of hybrid polyimide material can provide better protection against fire based on multiple fire-retardancy mechanisms. Nanocomposites generally show a significant enhancement in mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Nanoparticles, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, can enhance flame retardancy in condensed phase by forming a dense char layer. Silicone-based materials can also provide fire retardancy in condensed phase by a similar mechanism as polyimide. However, some inorganic fire retardants, such as phosphazene, can enhance flame retardancy in gaseous phase by releasing flame inhibiting radicals. The flame inhibiting radicals generated by phosphazene are released into the gaseous phase during combustion. A hybrid system constituted of polyimide, silicone-based additives, and phosphazene would provide significant improvement in flame retardancy in both the condensed phase and gas phase. In this review, several flame-retardant polyimide-based systems are described. This review which focuses on the various combinations of polyimide and other candidate fire-retardant materials would shed light on the nature of an effective multifunctional flame-retardant hybrid materials.
Collapse
|
18
|
Effect of high-energy electrons on the thermal, mechanical and fire safety properties of fire-retarded polypropylene nanocomposites. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
19
|
Fire-retardant properties of functionalised graphene nanoplatelets/modified polybutadiene hybrid composite material: a technical note. J RUBBER RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42464-022-00148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
20
|
Kim MH, Noh HJ, Baek JB, Jeon IY. Neohexene graphitic nanoplatelets for reinforced low-density polyethylene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02980-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
21
|
Zhang Y, Pan Z, Yang J, Chen J, Chen K, Yan K, Meng X, Zhang X, He M. Study on the suppression mechanism of (NH4)2CO3 and SiC for polyethylene deflagration based on flame propagation and experimental analysis. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Zheng Z, Xia Y, Liao C, Liu Y, Chai W, Niu E, Hu Z. Fabrication of starch-based multi-source integrated halogen-free flame retardant in improving the fire safety of polypropylene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
23
|
Yu X, Wang B, Jia P, Yin Z, Tang G, Zhou X, Lu T, Guo L, Song L, Hu Y. Effects of graphene nanosheets decorated by cerium stannate on the enhancement of flame retardancy and mechanical performances of flexible polyurethane foam composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths Baotou China
| | - Bibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Pengfei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Zhenting Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Gang Tang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan Anhui China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths Baotou China
| | - Tingting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths Baotou China
| | - Liying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths Baotou China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Synthesis of a bio-based flame retardant via a facile strategy and its synergistic effect with ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardancy of polylactic acid. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
25
|
Yang Y, Díaz Palencia JL, Wang N, Jiang Y, Wang DY. Nanocarbon-Based Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites. Molecules 2021; 26:4670. [PMID: 34361823 PMCID: PMC8348979 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nanocarbon materials have attracted the interest of researchers due to their excellent properties. Nanocarbon-based flame retardant polymer composites have enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties compared with traditional flame retardant composites. In this article, the unique structural features of nanocarbon-based materials and their use in flame retardant polymeric materials are initially introduced. Afterwards, the flame retardant mechanism of nanocarbon materials is described. The main discussions include material components such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerene (in preparing resins), elastomers, plastics, foams, fabrics, and film-matrix materials. Furthermore, the flame retardant properties of carbon nanomaterials and their modified products are summarized. Carbon nanomaterials not only play the role of a flame retardant in composites, but also play an important role in many aspects such as mechanical reinforcement. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for future development of carbon nanomaterials in flame-retardant polymeric materials are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Preparation of Special Functional Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - José Luis Díaz Palencia
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Na Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Preparation of Special Functional Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
- Shenyang Research Institute of Industrial Technology for Advanced Coating Materials, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Preparation of Special Functional Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
- Shenyang Research Institute of Industrial Technology for Advanced Coating Materials, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - De-Yi Wang
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Superior radical scavenging and catalytic carbonization capacities of bioderived assembly modified ammonium polyphosphate as a mono-component intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
27
|
Cheng L, Wang J, Qiu S, Wang J, Zhou Y, Han L, Zou B, Xu Z, Hu Y, Ma C. Supramolecular wrapped sandwich like SW-Si 3N 4 hybrid sheets as advanced filler toward reducing fire risks and enhancing thermal conductivity of thermoplastic polyurethanes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 603:844-855. [PMID: 34237602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A sandwich-like melamine/phytic acid/silicon nitride hybrid (SW-Si3N4) sheets were prepared by supramolecular wrapping as the hybrid flame retardants for thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The introduction of Si3N4 sheets as a template could not only induce the generation of two-dimensional phytic/melamine (PAMA) capping layers, but also produce the synergistic flame-retardant effect on TPU composites. Cone test showed that heat release rate (HRR), smoke production rate (SPR) and total smoke production (TSP) values of TPU were decreased obviously by adding SW-Si3N4. TG-IR test indicated the dramatic inhibition of aromatic compound, hydrocarbons, CO and HCN release. Besides, the thermal conductivity of composites was obviously improved by adding SW-Si3N4. This work may provide better reference for developing multi-functional TPU composites for diverse application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shuilai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Junling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control, College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control, College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Longfei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhoumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ali I, Kim NK, Bhattacharyya D. Effects of Graphene Nanoplatelets on Mechanical and Fire Performance of Flax Polypropylene Composites with Intumescent Flame Retardant. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134094. [PMID: 34279433 PMCID: PMC8271726 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) additives in natural fiber-based polymer composites enhances the fire-retardant properties, but it generally has a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties, such as tensile and flexural strengths. In this work, the feasibility of graphene as a reinforcement additive and as an effective synergist for IFR-based flax-polypropylene (PP) composites was investigated. Noticeable improvements in tensile and flexural properties were achieved with the addition of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) in the composites. Furthermore, better char-forming ability of GNP in combination with IFR was observed, suppressing HRR curves and thus, lowering the total heat release (THR). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) detected a reduction in the decomposition rate due to strong interfacial bonding between GNP and PP, whereas the maximum decomposition rate was observed to occur at a higher temperature. The saturation point for the IFR additive along with GNP has also been highlighted in this study. A safe and effective method of graphene encapsulation within PP using the fume-hood set-up was achieved. Finally, the effect of flame retardant on the flax–PP composite has been simulated using Fire Dynamics Simulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-272-074-878
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kavimani V, Gopal PM, Sumesh KR, Elanchezhian R. Improvement on mechanical and flame retardancy behaviour of bio-exfoliated graphene-filled epoxy/glass fibre composites using compression moulding approach. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
30
|
Sarkar PK, Kandasubramanian B. Metals to polymer composites for submerged hull: a paradigm shift. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1930048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pramit Kumar Sarkar
- Structural Composite Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced, Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, India
- Submarine Design Department – East Yard, Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd, Mumbai, Dockyard Road, Mazgaon, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Structural Composite Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced, Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ullah S, Ahmad F, Al‐Sehemi AG, Raza MR, Assiri MA, Irfan A, Oñate E, Yeoh GH. Effects of expandable graphite on char morphology and pyrolysis of epoxy based intumescent
fire‐retardant
coating. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ullah
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiz Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar Malaysia
| | - Abdullah G. Al‐Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Rafi Raza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering COMSATS University Islamabad Sahiwal Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Ali Assiri
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugenio Oñate
- International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) Barcelona Spain
| | - Guan Heng Yeoh
- Mechanical Engineering University of New South Wales Kensington New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen Y, Li J, Lai X, Li H, Zeng X. N
‐alkoxyamine‐containing macromolecular intumescent flame‐retardant‐decorated ZrP nanosheet and their synergism in flame‐retarding polypropylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yishen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Xuejun Lai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Xingrong Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Application of r-GO-MMT Hybrid Nanofillers for Improving Strength and Flame Retardancy of Epoxy/Glass Fibre Composites. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6627743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanomaterials as a strengthening agent in the fabrication of polymer nanocomposites has gained significant attention due to distinctive properties which can be utilised in structural applications. In this study, reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) and montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay were used as filler materials to fabricate hybrid epoxy-based nanocomposites. The synergistic effect of nanomaterials on flammability and mechanical behaviour of nanocomposites were studied. Results revealed that the addition of nanofiller showcases 97% and 44.5% improvement in tensile and flexural strength. However, an increment in the percentage of filler material over 0.3% exhibits a decremental mechanical property trend. Likewise, the addition of nanofiller increases the nonignition timing of the glass-fibre-reinforced epoxy composites. Fracture surface morphology displays the occurrence of the ductile fracture mechanism owing to the presence of hybrid fillers.
Collapse
|
34
|
Kumar B, Agumba DO, Pham DH, Latif M, Dinesh, Kim HC, Alrobei H, Kim J. Recent Research Progress on Lignin-Derived Resins for Natural Fiber Composite Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1162. [PMID: 33916412 PMCID: PMC8038635 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
By increasing the environmental concerns and depletion of petroleum resources, bio-based resins have gained interest. Recently, lignin, vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde), and divanillin (6,6'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dimethoxybiphenyl-3,3'-dicarbaldehyde)-based resins have attracted attention due to the low cost, environmental benefits, good thermal stability, excellent mechanical properties, and suitability for high-performance natural fiber composite applications. This review highlights the recent use of lignin, vanillin, and divanillin-based resins with natural fiber composites and their synthesized processes. Finally, discussions are made on the curing kinetics, mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and bio-based resins' adhesion property.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijender Kumar
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea; (B.K.); (D.O.A.); (D.H.P.); (M.L.); (D.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Dickens O. Agumba
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea; (B.K.); (D.O.A.); (D.H.P.); (M.L.); (D.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Duc H. Pham
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea; (B.K.); (D.O.A.); (D.H.P.); (M.L.); (D.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Muhammad Latif
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea; (B.K.); (D.O.A.); (D.H.P.); (M.L.); (D.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Dinesh
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea; (B.K.); (D.O.A.); (D.H.P.); (M.L.); (D.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Hyun Chan Kim
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea; (B.K.); (D.O.A.); (D.H.P.); (M.L.); (D.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Hussein Alrobei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea; (B.K.); (D.O.A.); (D.H.P.); (M.L.); (D.); (H.C.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Preparation and performance of novel APP/NaY–Fe suppressant for coal dust explosion. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2020.104374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
36
|
Cao C, Yuan B. Thermally induced fire early warning aerogel with efficient thermal isolation and flame‐retardant properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengran Cao
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Bihe Yuan
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wu K, Xu S, Tian XY, Zeng HY, Hu J, Guo YH, Jian J. Renewable lignin-based surfactant modified layered double hydroxide and its application in polypropylene as flame retardant and smoke suppression. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 178:580-590. [PMID: 33631261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel and environmentally friendly lignin-based surfactant sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) modified layered double hydroxide (LDH) flame retardant (LDH-LS) was fabricated via co-precipitation method, and subsequently incorporated into polypropylene (PP) matrix to obtain the PP and LDH-LS composites (PP/LDH-LS) by melt blending method. The XRD, FT-IR and XPS results indicated that SLS had successfully modified LDH by adsorbing on the surface of the LDH nanosheet. The WCA and SEM results revealed that the hydrophobic property of LDH-LS had been evidently improved, and it displayed a more homogeneous dispersion than virgin LDH in the PP matrix. Furthermore, cone calorimetry tests (CCT) illustrated that the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke release (TSR) of PP/LDH-LS composites exhibited declines of 62.9%, 25.1%, and 43.3% compared with those of Neat PP, respectively. Besides, the PP/LDH-LS achieved a LOI value of 29.4% and a UL-94 V-0 rating, whereas the PP/LDH showed only a LOI value of 25.2% and a UL-94 V-2 rating at 20 wt% loading. These improvements of flame retardant properties can be attributed to that the well-dispersed LDH-LS and synergistic flame retardancy between LDH and SLS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - Xian-Yao Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zeng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - Jie Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Hui Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Jian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Huang C, Yuan B, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Li P, Chen X, Yun Y, Chen G, Feng M, Li Y. Investigation on thermokinetic suppression of ammonium polyphosphate on sucrose dust deflagration: Based on flame propagation, thermal decomposition and residue analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123653. [PMID: 32827861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is applied to suppress the deflagration of sucrose dust. Through the systematic research on flame propagation images and temperature, decomposition behavior of powder samples and the compositions of deflagration residue, the suppression performance and mechanism of APP on sucrose deflagration are profoundly summarized. Timing diagrams show that APP contributes to reduce deflagration flame brightness, increases ignition delay time and flame fault area. The minimum inerting concentration of APP for sucrose deflagration is determined to be 8 %. From the collected deflagration flame temperature curves, it is confirmed that APP can delay peak temperature arrival time, weaken temperature fluctuation, and decrease peak values of flame temperature and temperature rising rate. Through the analysis on thermal decomposition of samples and deflagration residue, it is reflected that APP has superior composite suppression effect. It can not only absorb reaction heat, but also decrease deflagration exotherm to improve thermal stability of sucrose particles. Thus, the easily oxidized components in sucrose are protected, and deflagration intensity is effectively weakened. This work provides a new solution for prevention and suppression deflagration of dust waste in sugar industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuyuan Huang
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bihe Yuan
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Hongming Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yalong Yun
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China; The 713 Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Gongqing Chen
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengmeng Feng
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yuan B, Wang Y, Chen G, Yang F, Zhang H, Cao C, Zuo B. Nacre-like graphene oxide paper bonded with boric acid for fire early-warning sensor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123645. [PMID: 32853891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Boric acid-modified graphene oxide (GO-BA) paper is prepared by a green and facile water evaporation-induced self-assembly method, and its application as an early fire-alarm sensor is investigated. The nacre structure is constructed by assembling graphene oxide (GO) and boric acid (BA) as brick and mortar, respectively. Compared with pure GO paper, improved thermal-oxidative stability is obtained for GO-BA. GO nanosheets are bonded with BA molecules by forming hydrogen bonds between hydroxyl in BA and the rich oxygen-containing functional groups on GO. Notably, the insulating GO-BA paper can be rapidly thermally reduced to conductive reduced graphene oxide under flame exposure, thus providing an ideal fire-alarm response with a quick flame-detection time of ∼0.8 s. In addition, boron oxide formed under flame attack covers the surface of GO, inhibiting further oxidation of GO paper, and effectively extending the duration time of GO-BA under combustion. These results indicate that the GO-BA paper prepared has a broad prospect in the field of fire early-alarm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bihe Yuan
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gongqing Chen
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fangzhou Yang
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongming Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Chengran Cao
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Boyu Zuo
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zuo B, Yuan B. Flame‐retardant cellulose nanofiber aerogel modified with graphene oxide and sodium montmorillonite and its fire‐alarm application. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Zuo
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Bihe Yuan
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hohenwarter D, Mattausch H, Fischer C, Berger M, Haar B. Analysis of the Fire Behavior of Polymers (PP, PA 6 and PE-LD) and Their Improvement Using Various Flame Retardants. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13245756. [PMID: 33339416 PMCID: PMC7768491 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The fire behavior of polymers is examined primarily with the time-dependent heat release rate (HRR) measured with a cone calorimeter. The HRR is used to examine the fire behavior of materials with and without flame retardants, especially Polypropylene (PP-Copo) and Polyethylene (PE-LD). Polypropylene is stored for up to 99 days under normal conditions and the heat release rate shows especially changes about 100 s after irradiation with cone calorimeter, which may be caused by aging effects. The effect of crosslinking to the burning behavior of PP was examined too. Polyamides (PA 6) are irradiated with a radiation intensity of 25 kW/m2 to 95 kW/m2 and fire-related principles between radiation intensity and time to ignition can be derived from the measurement results. In order to comprehensively investigate the fire behavior of PP (also with flame retardant additives), the samples were also exposed to a flame, according to UL 94 with small power (50 W) and is inflamed with the power of a few 100 W. The irradiation causes different trigger mechanisms for the flame retardant additives in a plastic than the flame exposure. It is shown that the compound, which is favorable for irradiation, is not necessarily good for flame exposure. It can be seen that expandable graphite alone or with the addition of other additives is a very effective flame retardant for PP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Hohenwarter
- Federal Testing Center TGM, Department of Plastics Technology and Environmental Engineering, Wexstrasse 19-23, 1200 Wien, Austria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-33126-650
| | - Hannelore Mattausch
- Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Polymer Processing, Otto-Gloeckel-Strasse 2, 8700 Leoben, Austria;
| | - Christopher Fischer
- Laboratory for Polymer Engineering (LKT) at TGM, Wexstrasse 19-23, 1200 Wien, Austria;
| | - Matthias Berger
- Federal Testing Center TGM, Department of Plastics Technology and Environmental Engineering, Wexstrasse 19-23, 1200 Wien, Austria;
| | - Bernd Haar
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Roseggerstraße 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Sabet M, Soleimani H, Mohammadian E, Hosseini S. Impact of inclusion of graphene oxide nanosheets on polypropylene thermal characteristics. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-020-00864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
44
|
Goodwin DG, Shen SJ, Lyu Y, Lankone R, Barrios AC, Kabir S, Perreault F, Wohlleben W, Nguyen T, Sung L. Graphene/polymer nanocomposite degradation by ultraviolet light: The effects of graphene nanofillers and their potential for release. Polym Degrad Stab 2020; 182:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109365. [PMID: 36936609 PMCID: PMC10021000 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ultraviolet (UV)-induced degradation of graphene/polymer nanocomposites was investigated in this study. Specifically, the effect of few-layer graphene nanofillers on the degradation of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and the release potential of graphene from the degraded nanocomposite surfaces were assessed. Graphene/TPU (G/TPU) nanocomposites and neat TPU were UV-exposed under both dry and humid conditions in the NIST SPHERE, a precisely controlled, high intensity UV-weathering device. Neat TPU and G/TPU were characterized over the time course of UV exposure using color measurements and infrared spectroscopy, for appearance and chemical changes, respectively. Changes in thickness and surface morphology were obtained with scanning electron microscopy. A new fluorescence quenching measurement approach was developed to identify graphene sheets at the nanocomposite surface, which was supported by contact angle measurements. The potential for graphene release from the nanocomposite surface was evaluated using a tape-lift method followed by microscopy of any particles present on the tape. The findings suggest that graphene improves the service life of TPU with respect to UV exposure, but that graphene becomes exposed at the nanocomposite surface over time, which may potentially lead to its release when exposed to small mechanical forces or upon contact with other materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G. Goodwin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Corresponding author. (D.G. Goodwin Jr)
| | - Shih-Jia Shen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Yadong Lyu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Ronald Lankone
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Ana C. Barrios
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S. College Ave, Tempe, AZ, 85281
| | - Samir Kabir
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - François Perreault
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S. College Ave, Tempe, AZ, 85281
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- BASF SE, Dept. Material Physics & Analytics, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, Ludwigshafen, 67056, Germany
| | - Tinh Nguyen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Lipiin Sung
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Song Y, Zong X, Shan X, Zhang X, Zou G, Zhao C, Li J. Synergistic effect of fly ash on hydroxymethylated lignin‐containing flame retardant polypropylene: Flame retardancy and thermal stability. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Faculty of Materials Science & Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Xu Zong
- Faculty of Materials Science & Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Xueying Shan
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Guoxiang Zou
- Faculty of Materials Science & Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Caixia Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science & Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Jinchun Li
- Faculty of Materials Science & Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang L, Liang Y, Hu Y, Hu W. Synergistic suppression effects of flame retardant, porous minerals and nitrogen on premixed methane/air explosion. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2020.104263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
47
|
Guo X, Geng J, Sun B, Xu Q, Li Y, Xie S, Xue Y, Yan H. Great enhancement of efficiency of intumescent flame retardants by titanate coupling agent and polysiloxane. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Jiangtao Geng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Bin Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Qi Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Yibo Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Shiwei Xie
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Yuanyuan Xue
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Hong Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials (Taiyuan University of Technology), Ministry of Education Taiyuan China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Seidi F, Movahedifar E, Naderi G, Akbari V, Ducos F, Shamsi R, Vahabi H, Saeb MR. Flame Retardant Polypropylenes: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081701. [PMID: 32751298 PMCID: PMC7464193 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) is a commodity plastic known for high rigidity and crystallinity, which is suitable for a wide range of applications. However, high flammability of PP has always been noticed by users as a constraint; therefore, a variety of additives has been examined to make PP flame-retardant. In this work, research papers on the flame retardancy of PP have been comprehensively reviewed, classified in terms of flame retardancy, and evaluated based on the universal dimensionless criterion of Flame Retardancy Index (FRI). The classification of additives of well-known families, i.e., phosphorus-based, nitrogen-based, mineral, carbon-based, bio-based, and hybrid flame retardants composed of two or more additives, was reflected in FRI mirror calculated from cone calorimetry data, whatever heat flux and sample thickness in a given series of samples. PP composites were categorized in terms of flame retardancy performance as Poor, Good, or Excellent cases. It also attempted to correlate other criteria like UL-94 and limiting oxygen index (LOI) with FRI values, giving a broad view of flame retardancy performance of PP composites. The collected data and the conclusions presented in this survey should help researchers working in the field to select the best additives among possibilities for making the PP sufficiently flame-retardant for advanced applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Seidi
- Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Elnaz Movahedifar
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (E.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Ghasem Naderi
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (E.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Vahideh Akbari
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
| | - Franck Ducos
- Université de Lorraine, IUT de Moselle Est, IUTSGM, 57600 Forbach, France;
| | - Ramin Shamsi
- Research and Development Center, Marun Petrochemical Company, Mahshahr 63531 69311, Iran;
| | - Henri Vahabi
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
- Correspondence: (H.V.); or (M.R.S.); Tel.: +33-(0)38-793-9186 (H.V.); +98-912-826-4307 (M.R.S.); Fax: +33-(0)38-793-9101 (H.V.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
- Correspondence: (H.V.); or (M.R.S.); Tel.: +33-(0)38-793-9186 (H.V.); +98-912-826-4307 (M.R.S.); Fax: +33-(0)38-793-9101 (H.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Babu K, Rendén G, Afriyie Mensah R, Kim NK, Jiang L, Xu Q, Restás Á, Esmaeely Neisiany R, Hedenqvist MS, Försth M, Byström A, Das O. A Review on the Flammability Properties of Carbon-Based Polymeric Composites: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071518. [PMID: 32650531 PMCID: PMC7408100 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon based fillers have attracted a great deal of interest in polymer composites because of their ability to beneficially alter properties at low filler concentration, good interfacial bonding with polymer, availability in different forms, etc. The property alteration of polymer composites makes them versatile for applications in various fields, such as constructions, microelectronics, biomedical, and so on. Devastations due to building fire stress the importance of flame-retardant polymer composites, since they are directly related to human life conservation and safety. Thus, in this review, the significance of carbon-based flame-retardants for polymers is introduced. The effects of a wide variety of carbon-based material addition (such as fullerene, CNTs, graphene, graphite, and so on) on reaction-to-fire of the polymer composites are reviewed and the focus is dedicated to biochar-based reinforcements for use in flame retardant polymer composites. Additionally, the most widely used flammability measuring techniques for polymeric composites are presented. Finally, the key factors and different methods that are used for property enhancement are concluded and the scope for future work is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Babu
- Center for Polymer Composites and Natural Fiber Research, Tamil Nadu 625005, India;
| | - Gabriella Rendén
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials Division, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Rhoda Afriyie Mensah
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (R.A.M.); (L.J.); (Q.X.)
| | - Nam Kyeun Kim
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (R.A.M.); (L.J.); (Q.X.)
| | - Qiang Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (R.A.M.); (L.J.); (Q.X.)
| | - Ágoston Restás
- Department of Fire Protection and Rescue Control, National University of Public Service, H-1011 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
- Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran;
| | - Mikael S. Hedenqvist
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials Division, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (M.S.H.); (O.D.)
| | - Michael Försth
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden; (M.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexandra Byström
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden; (M.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Oisik Das
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
- Correspondence: (M.S.H.); (O.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yin S, Ren X, Lian P, Zhu Y, Mei Y. Synergistic Effects of Black Phosphorus/Boron Nitride Nanosheets on Enhancing the Flame-Retardant Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane and Its Flame-Retardant Mechanism. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071487. [PMID: 32635235 PMCID: PMC7408627 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We applied black phosphorene (BP) and hexagonal boron nitride (BN) nanosheets as flame retardants to waterborne polyurethane to fabricate a novel black phosphorus/boron nitride/waterborne polyurethane composite material. The results demonstrated that the limiting oxygen index of the flame-retarded waterborne polyurethane composite increased from 21.7% for pure waterborne polyurethane to 33.8%. The peak heat release rate and total heat release of the waterborne polyurethane composite were significantly reduced by 50.94% and 23.92%, respectively, at a flame-retardant content of only 0.4 wt%. The superior refractory performances of waterborne polyurethane composite are attributed to the synergistic effect of BP and BN in the gas phase and condensed phase. This study shows that black phosphorus-based nanocomposites have great potential to improve the fire resistance of polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Yin
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (S.Y.); (P.L.); (Y.Z.)
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xinlin Ren
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (S.Y.); (P.L.); (Y.Z.)
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, Kunming 650500, China
- Correspondence: (X.R.); (Y.M.); Tel.: +86-138-8855-1958 (Y.M.)
| | - Peichao Lian
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (S.Y.); (P.L.); (Y.Z.)
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuanzhi Zhu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (S.Y.); (P.L.); (Y.Z.)
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yi Mei
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (S.Y.); (P.L.); (Y.Z.)
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, Kunming 650500, China
- Correspondence: (X.R.); (Y.M.); Tel.: +86-138-8855-1958 (Y.M.)
| |
Collapse
|