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Cheng H, Wu Y, Hsu W, Lin F, Wang S, Zeng J, Zhu Q, Song L. Green and economic flame retardant prepared by the one-step method for polylactic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127291. [PMID: 37806420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Resolving the flammability of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) while ensuring its environmental friendliness and preserving key flame retardancy and mechanical properties represents a critical challenge. We have successfully developed a highly efficient and environmentally friendly flame retardant called Hexamethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid amine (HDME). The flame retardancy of PLA/HDME composites was significantly improved, as indicated by the LOI value of 29.1 % and UL-94 V-0 rating for PLA/3.5 HDME with only 3.5 % HDME addition. The results show a 23.4 % reduction in the total heat release (THR), a 40.0 % increase in the time to ignition (TTI), and a 21.2 % increase in the flame propagation index (FPI) compared to original PLA. Flame retardant mechanism of HDME involves the gas phase, condensed phase, and interrupted heat exchange effects. The HDME also preserved the original mechanical properties of PLA, with the elongation at break and tensile strength retention of PLA/3.5 HDME reaching 93.05 % and 89.65 %. This work provides a simple and efficient method for flame retardant modification of PLA, which can expand its application scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Cheng
- Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen, China
| | - Yincai Wu
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen, China
| | - Wayne Hsu
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen, China
| | - Fenglong Lin
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen, China
| | - Shenglong Wang
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen, China
| | - Junwei Zeng
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiuyin Zhu
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen, China
| | - Lijun Song
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen, China.
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2
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Huang W, Tu C, Tian Q, Wang K, Yang C, Ma C, Xu X, Yan W. Synergistic Effects of 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-Based Derivative and Modified Sepiolite on Flame-Retarded Poly (Ethylene Oxide)-Poly (Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate) Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:45. [PMID: 38201710 PMCID: PMC10781121 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-based derivative (PN-DOPO) combined with aluminium phosphates-coated sepiolite (Sep@AlPO4) was used to improve the flame retardance, thermal stability and mechanical performances of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blends. The synergistic effects of PN-DOPO and Sep@AlPO4 on flame-retarded PEO/PBAT composites were systematically discussed. Results indicated that introducing 5 wt% Sep@AlPO4 with 10 wt% PN-DOPO into PEO/PBAT achieved a V-1 rating for the UL-94 test and increased the limiting oxygen index value to 23.7%. Moreover, the peak heat release rate (p-HRR), average HRR and total heat release values of PEO/PBAT/PN10%/Sep5% composites decreased by 35.6%, 11.0% and 23.0% compared with those of PEO/PBAT, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results confirmed that PN-DOPO/Sep@AlPO4 enhanced the initial thermal stability and char yield of PEO/PBAT matrix, and TGA/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry results revealed that the composites exhibited the characteristic absorption peaks of phosphorous-containing groups and an increase in gas-phase volatiles during thermal degradation. The morphological structures of the residues indicated that PN-DOPO and Sep@AlPO4 mixtures produced a more dense and continuous char layer on the composite surface during burning. Rheological behaviour revealed that higher complex viscosity and modulus values of PEO/PBAT/PN-DOPO/Sep@AlPO4 sample could also promote the crosslinking network structure of condensed phases during combustion. Furthermore, the PEO/PBAT/PN-DOPO/Sep@AlPO4 composites exhibited superior elongation at break and flexural performance than the PEO/PBAT system. All results demonstrated that the PEO/PBAT system modified with PN-DOPO/Sep@AlPO4 showed remarkable flame retardance, and improved thermal stability and mechanical properties, indicating its potential application in areas requiring fire safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiang Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China; (C.T.); (Q.T.); (K.W.); (C.Y.); (C.M.); (X.X.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Chunyun Tu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China; (C.T.); (Q.T.); (K.W.); (C.Y.); (C.M.); (X.X.)
| | - Qin Tian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China; (C.T.); (Q.T.); (K.W.); (C.Y.); (C.M.); (X.X.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Kui Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China; (C.T.); (Q.T.); (K.W.); (C.Y.); (C.M.); (X.X.)
| | - Chunlin Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China; (C.T.); (Q.T.); (K.W.); (C.Y.); (C.M.); (X.X.)
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China; (C.T.); (Q.T.); (K.W.); (C.Y.); (C.M.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaolu Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China; (C.T.); (Q.T.); (K.W.); (C.Y.); (C.M.); (X.X.)
| | - Wei Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China; (C.T.); (Q.T.); (K.W.); (C.Y.); (C.M.); (X.X.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang 550014, China
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3
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Yang XM, Qiu S, Yusuf A, Sun J, Zhai Z, Zhao J, Yin GZ. Recent advances in flame retardant and mechanical properties of polylactic acid: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125050. [PMID: 37257540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale application of ecofriendly polymeric materials has become a key focus of scientific research with the trend toward sustainable development. Mechanical properties and fire safety are two critical considerations of biopolymers for large-scale applications. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a flammable, melt-drop carrying, and strong but brittle polymer. Hence, it is essential to achieve both flame retardancy and mechanical enhancement to improve safety and broaden its application. This study reviews the recent research on the flame retardant functionalization and mechanical reinforcement of PLA. It classifies PLA according to the type of the flame retardant strategy employed, such as surface-modified fibers, modified nano/micro fillers, small-molecule and macromolecular flame retardants, flame retardants with fibers or polymers, and chain extension or crosslinking with other flame retardants. The functionalization strategies and main parameters of the modified PLA systems are summarized and analyzed. This study summarizes the latest advances in the fields of flame retardancy and mechanical reinforcement of PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Yang
- Zhejiang Ruico Advanced Material Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Abdulmalik Yusuf
- E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/Profesor Aranguren 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jun Sun
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongjie Zhai
- Zhejiang Ruico Advanced Material Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junhuan Zhao
- Zhejiang Ruico Advanced Material Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313018, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Guang-Zhong Yin
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1.800, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Baochai L, Bakar AA, Mohamad Z. An overview of the recent advances in flame retarded poly(lactic acid). POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Baochai
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
- Department of Applied Chemistry Hengshui University Hengshui China
| | - Aznizam Abu Bakar
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Zurina Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
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5
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Yi X, Huang J, Tong Y, Zhao H, Cao X, Wu W. Self-Assembled Serpentine Ni 3Si 2O 5(OH) 4 Hybrid Sheets with Ammonium Polyphosphate for Fire Safety Enhancement of Polylactide Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235255. [PMID: 36501647 PMCID: PMC9741248 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polylactide (PLA) has been widely utilized in people's daily lives. In order to improve the fire safety of PLA, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was self-assembled onto the surface of serpentine Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 through the electrostatic method, followed by mixing with PLA by melt compounding. The APP-modified serpentine (serpentine@APP) dispersed uniformly in the PLA matrix. Compared with pure PLA, the PLA composite with 2 wt% serpentine@APP reduced the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) by 43.9% and 16.3%, respectively. The combination of APP and serpentine exhibited suitable synergistic flame-retardant effects on the fire safety enhancement of PLA. In addition, the dynamical rheological tests revealed that the presence of APP and serpentine could reduce the viscosity of PLA composites. The plasticizing effects of APP and serpentine benefited the processing of PLA. The mechanical properties of PLA/serpentine@APP maintained suitable performance as pure PLA. This study provided a feasible way to enhance the fire safety of PLA without sacrificing its mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingshu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yizhang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - Xianwu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (W.W.)
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6
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Long L, Xu W, Xu T, Xu G, Xiang Y, Shan C, He M, Qin S, Yu J. Reactable versus soluble
DOPO
derivatives in poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) composites: Flame retardance, mechanical properties and morphology. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Long
- Guizhou Material Industrial Technology Institute National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Guizhou Material Industrial Technology Institute National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Tao Xu
- Guizhou Material Industrial Technology Institute National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Guomin Xu
- Guizhou Material Industrial Technology Institute National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Yushu Xiang
- Guizhou Material Industrial Technology Institute National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Chunyan Shan
- Guizhou Material Industrial Technology Institute National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Min He
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Shuhao Qin
- Guizhou Material Industrial Technology Institute National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Jie Yu
- Guizhou Material Industrial Technology Institute National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
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7
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Yang Y, Fu T, Song F, Song X, Wang XL, Wang YZ. Wood-burning processes in variable oxygen atmospheres: Thermolysis, fire, and smoke release behavior. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Liu Q, Feng D, Zhao W, Xie D, Mei Y. A green, effective, and synergistic flame retardant for poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Chan JX, Wong JF, Hassan A, Othman N, Razak JA, Nirmal U, Hashim S, Ching YC, Yunos MZ, Yahaya R, Gunathilake TSU. Synthetic wollastonite nanofiber for polybutylene terephthalate nanocomposite: Mechanical, thermal, tribological and flammability properties. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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10
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Xiao D, Zheng MT, Wu FJ, Cao XX, Huang XF, Huang L, Xiao XQ. Fabrication of novel renewable furan-based phosphorus and its applications in poly (lactic acid): Thermal, flammability, crystallization and mechanical properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Cui X, Wu Q, Sun J, Gu X, Li H, Zhang S. Preparation of 4-formylphenylboronic modified chitosan and its effects on the flame retardancy of poly(lactic acid). Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Sun J, Zhang D, Wei K, Tan F, He M, Bao D, Qin S. Synthesis and Characterization of P-PPD-Ph-Conjugated Flame Retardant. Front Chem 2022; 10:956322. [PMID: 35923254 PMCID: PMC9339991 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.956322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The conjugated flame retardants have rarely been studied. A conjugate flame-retardant 4, 4'-{1″, 4″-phenylene-bis [amino- (10‴-oxy10‴-hydro-9‴-hydrogen- 10‴λ5-phosphaphenanthrene-10″-yl)-methyl]}-diphenol (P-PPD-Ph) was synthesized and added into the polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. The P-PPD-Ph-conjugated flame-retardant structure was tested by FTIR, 1H, and 31P NMR analysis. The thermal and rheological properties of PLA/P-PPD-PH-conjugated flame-retardant composites were investigated. The results showed that P-PPD-Ph-conjugated flame retardant affects PLA/P-PPD-PH-conjugated flame-retardant composites for promoting the formation of a carbon layer when the P-PPD-Ph-conjugated flame-retardant content was 15% and the residual carbon ratio for PLA/P-PPD-PH-conjugated flame-retardant composites increased by 4.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhuo Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering of Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
- Polymer Composites Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
| | - Daohai Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering of Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
- Polymer Composites Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Daohai Zhang, ; Dongmei Bao, ; Shuhao Qin,
| | - Ke Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
| | - Fang Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering of Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
- Polymer Composites Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
| | - Min He
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
| | - Dongmei Bao
- School of Chemical Engineering of Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Daohai Zhang, ; Dongmei Bao, ; Shuhao Qin,
| | - Shuhao Qin
- School of Chemical Engineering of Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Daohai Zhang, ; Dongmei Bao, ; Shuhao Qin,
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13
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Synergistic Effects of DOPO-Based Derivative and Organo-Montmorillonite on Flame Retardancy, Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122372. [PMID: 35745948 PMCID: PMC9227306 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP), as a general thermoplastic polymer, is broadly used in different fields. However, the high flammability, melt dripping and poor mechanical properties of PP are a constraint to the expansion of its applications. In this paper, PP composites containing a combination of a phenethyl-bridged DOPO derivative (PN-DOPO) and organic montmorillonite (OMMT) were prepared via melt blending. The synergistic effects of PN-DOPO and OMMT on the flame retardancy, thermal stability and mechanical properties of PP composites were investigated systematically. The results showed that 20 wt% addition of PN-DOPO with OMMT improved the flame retardancy of PP composites. In particular, the introduction of 17 wt% PN-DOPO and 3 wt% OMMT increased the LOI values of the PP matrix from 17.2% to 23.6%, and the sample reached the V-0 level and reduced the heat release rate and total heat release. TGA indicated that OMMT could improve the thermal stability of the PP/PN-DOPO blends and promote the char residues of PP systems. Rheological behaviour showed a higher storage modulus, loss modulus and complex viscosity of PP/PN-DOPO/OMMT composites, suggesting a more effective network structure. In addition, the tensile strength, flexural properties and impact strength of the PP/PN-DOPO/OMMT composites actually increased for a good dispersion effect. Combined with the char layer analysis, the introduction of OMMT promoted more continuous and compact structural layers containing an aluminium-silicon barrier and phosphorus-containing carbonaceous char in the condensed phase. OMMT can improve the flame retardancy, thermal stability and mechanical properties of PP, and, thus, PN-DOPO/OMMT blends can serve as an efficient synergistic system for flame-retarded PP composites.
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14
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Xu T, Qian D, Hu Y, Zhu Y, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Xu H, Mao Z. Assembled hybrid films based on sepiolite, phytic acid, polyaspartic acid and Fe 3+ for flame-retardant cotton fabric. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2022-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To impart durable flame retardant property to cotton fabric, a kind of multilayered hybrid film based on environmentally friendly phytic acid, sepiolite, polyaspartic acid, and Fe3+ were deposited on the surface of cotton fabric by layer-by-layer and spraying method to form a dense protective layer. Compared with cotton fabric, hybrid film coated cotton showed excellent flame retardant property and low fire hazard, which can be demonstrated by vertical flame test, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter test. After-flame time and after-glow time of hybrid film coated cotton is 1 s and 1 s, respectively. LOI value of hybrid film coated cotton increased by 44.4% compared with control sample. Cone calorimeter test revealed a total heat release rate reduction of 52.6% and peak heat release rate reduction of 73.6% for hybrid film coated cotton fabric. This work demonstrates that the hybrid film composed of phytic acid, sepiolite, polyaspartic acid, and Fe3+ could improve the durable flame retardant property of cotton fabric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education , Donghua University , Shanghai , 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Di Qian
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education , Donghua University , Shanghai , 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Yelei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education , Donghua University , Shanghai , 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education , Donghua University , Shanghai , 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education , Donghua University , Shanghai , 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Linping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education , Donghua University , Shanghai , 201620 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Ministry of Education , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education , Donghua University , Shanghai , 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Mao
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education , Donghua University , Shanghai , 201620 , P. R. China
- National Dyeing and Finishing Engineering Technology Research Center , Donghua University , No. 2999, North Renmin Road, Songjiang District , Shanghai 201620 , P. R. China
- National Manufacturing Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing and Finishing Technology , Taian , Shandong Province , 271000 , P. R. China
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15
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Preparation and characteristics of sepiolite-waterborne polyurethane composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2021-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A kind of organic/inorganic composite material composed of waterborne polyurethane and sepiolite was prepared in this work. Sepiolite was organically modified by three kinds of silane coupling agents, and then compounded with waterborne polyurethane through layer-by-layer method in order to prepare composite materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) show the crystal and chemistry structure of sepiolite samples, and confirmed the preparation of organic sepiolite. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed the surface microstructure and elemental content of sepiolite and organic sepiolite, and was consistent with the XRD results. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) examination of waterborne polyurethane composites surfaces showed that sepiolite particles were regularly dispersed in the waterborne polyurethane matrix. Thermal resistance of waterborne polyurethane composites was determined by thermogravimetry analyzer (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry analyzer (DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gas chromatography (GC), and mass chromatography (MS). Mechanical behavior was examined by tensile strength tester, showed higher break strength than that of the control waterborne polyurethane. Therefore, organically modified sepiolite was considered to be a kind of wonderful inorganic material that could be used to improve the thermal stability and mechanical property of polymer.
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Li X, Liang D, Hu Z, He J, Bian X, Cui J. Synergistic effects of polyoxometalate‐based ionic liquid‐doped sepiolite in intumescent flame‐retardant high‐density polyethylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology North University of China Taiyuan China
- Department of Materials Engineering Taiyuan Institute of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Dong Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology North University of China Taiyuan China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology North University of China Taiyuan China
| | - Jilai He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology North University of China Taiyuan China
| | - Xiangcheng Bian
- Department of Materials Engineering Taiyuan Institute of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Jianlan Cui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology North University of China Taiyuan China
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Progress in Biodegradable Flame Retardant Nano-Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050741. [PMID: 33673607 PMCID: PMC7957674 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper summarizes the results obtained in the course of the development of a specific group of biocomposites with high functionality of flame retardancy, which are environmentally acceptable at the same time. Conventional biocomposites have to be altered through different modifications, to be able to respond to the stringent standards and environmental requests of the circular economy. The most commonly produced types of biocomposites are those composed of a biodegradable PLA matrix and plant bast fibres. Despite of numerous positive properties of natural fibres, flammability of plant fibres is one of the most pronounced drawbacks for their wider usage in biocomposites production. Most recent novelties regarding the flame retardancy of nanocomposites are presented, with the accent on the agents of nanosize (nanofillers), which have been chosen as they have low or non-toxic environmental impact, but still offer enhanced flame retardant (FR) properties. The importance of a nanofiller’s geometry and shape (e.g., nanodispersion of nanoclay) and increase in polymer viscosity, on flame retardancy has been stressed. Although metal oxydes are considered the most commonly used nanofillers there are numerous other possibilities presented within the paper. Combinations of clay based nanofillers with other nanosized or microsized FR agents can significantly improve the thermal stability and FR properties of nanocomposite materials. Further research is still needed on optimizing the parameters of FR compounds to meet numerous requirements, from the improvement of thermal and mechanical properties to the biodegradability of the composite products. Presented research initiatives provide genuine new opportunities for manufacturers, consumers and society as a whole to create a new class of bionanocomposite materials with added benefits of environmental improvement.
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A Novel Silicon/Phosphorus Co-Flame Retardant Polymer Electrolyte for High-Safety All-Solid-State Lithium Ion Batteries. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122937. [PMID: 33316901 PMCID: PMC7763094 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing a solid polymer electrolyte with superior flame retardancy and lithium-ion transportation properties is still a challenge. Herein, an intrinsic silicon/phosphorus co-flame retardant polymer solid electrolyte was prepared by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) co-polymerized with silicon and phosphorus-containing monomers. Due to the synergistic flame-retardant effect of silicon and phosphorus elements, this polymer electrolyte exhibits excellent thermal stability and flame resistance. Moreover, the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte at 25 °C is as high as 2.98 × 10−5 S/cm when the mass ratio of LiN(SO2CF3)2 (LiTFSI) and the prepared polymer electrolyte is 10:1. What is more, the LiFePO4/Li all-solid-state battery assembled with this solid electrolyte can work stably at a high temperature of 60 °C and exhibits a specific capacity of 129.2 mAh/g at 0.2 C after 100 cycles, providing a promising application prospect for high-safety lithium-ion batteries.
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Zhang Q, Zhang X, Cheng W, Li Z, Li Q. In situ-synthesis of calcium alginate nano-silver phosphate hybrid material with high flame retardant and antibacterial properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1615-1625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Hu X, Sun J, Li X, Qian L, Li J. Effect of
phosphorus–nitrogen
compound on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polylactic acid. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hu
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Lijun Qian
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Juan Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
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21
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Liu L, Xu Y, He Y, Xu M, Wang W, Li B. A facile strategy for enhancing the fire safety of unsaturated polyester resins through introducing an efficient mono‐component intumescent flame retardant. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lubin Liu
- Key Lab of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of EducationNortheast Forestry University Harbin China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Yue Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Yintong He
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Miaojun Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Wen Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Lab of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of EducationNortheast Forestry University Harbin China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University Harbin China
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