1
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Lai M, Wang Y, Li F, Zhao J. Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Lignosulfonate-Based Phosphorus-Containing Intermediates and Its Composite Si-P-C Silicone-Acrylic Emulsion Coating for Flame-Retardant Plywood. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:12573-12593. [PMID: 38843172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Through the substitution reaction between 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and sodium lignosulfonate (LS), a novel phosphorus-containing sodium lignosulfonate (DAL) was successfully synthesized via the solvothermal method and used as a multifunctional flame retardant to prepare a novel silicone-acrylic emulsion (SAE) composite Si-P-C coating. The structure of DAL was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (solid-state 13C NMR and 31P NMR). The results demonstrated that incorporating an appropriate dosage of DAL (0.9 g, 1.5 wt %) into SAE-based composite coatings enhances flame retardancy and reduces heat release and smoke production during burning. The peak heat release rate (p-HRR) decreases from 236.7 to 120.3 kW·m-2, total smoke production (TSP) decreases by 71.1%, and the flame-retardant index increases from 1.00 to 4.58. Meanwhile, the coating is transformed into a dense and nonflammable vitreous polyphosphate barrier layer during the firing process to prevent heat or mass transfer. Furthermore, the pyrolysis kinetics identify that the 3D Z-L-T model governs the coatings' pyrolysis, and the appropriate DAL makes the pyrolysis Eα climb from 300.98 to 331.30 kJ·mol-1 at 358-439 °C. Hence, this study presents a new synthesis method of multifunctional flame retardant DAL, studies the excellent properties and cross-linking mechanism of DAL-doped SAE-composite Si-P-C coatings, and explores a halogen-free, low-carbon, and clean eco-technology strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- MengYao Lai
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - YaChao Wang
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycling, Ministry of Education, Mianyang 621010, China
- Engineering Research Center of Technical Textiles, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Fan Li
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - JiangPing Zhao
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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2
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Parcheta-Szwindowska P, Habaj J, Krzemińska I, Datta J. A Comprehensive Review of Reactive Flame Retardants for Polyurethane Materials: Current Development and Future Opportunities in an Environmentally Friendly Direction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5512. [PMID: 38791552 PMCID: PMC11121908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyurethanes are among the most significant types of polymers in development; these materials are used to produce construction products intended for work in various conditions. Nowadays, it is important to develop methods for fire load reduction by using new kinds of additives or monomers containing elements responsible for materials' fire resistance. Currently, additive antipyrines or reactive flame retardants can be used during polyurethane material processing. The use of additives usually leads to the migration or volatilization of the additive to the surface of the material, which causes the loss of the resistance and aesthetic values of the product. Reactive flame retardants form compounds containing special functional groups that can be chemically bonded with monomers during polymerization, which can prevent volatilization or migration to the surface of the material. In this study, reactive flame retardants are compared. Their impacts on polyurethane flame retardancy, combustion mechanism, and environment are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Parcheta-Szwindowska
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (J.H.); (I.K.); (J.D.)
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3
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Zheng Q, Nong G, Li N. Preparation and Structural Analysis of a Water-Soluble Aminated Lignin. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1237. [PMID: 38732706 PMCID: PMC11085782 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignin is insoluble in water, thereby limiting its use in the synthesis of adhesives. Therefore, in this study, an aminated lignin compound was prepared through a lignin amination reaction to increase the amount of raw lignin material that can be used in the synthesis of adhesives; moreover, structural analysis was conducted. The main result of this was the introduction of amino groups into phenolic hydroxyl groups in the hydrolyzing lignin from the raw lignin materials, thus generating the product of aminated lignin. The resulting particle sizes were about 100 nm, the average molecular weight was 57,627 g/mol, and the water solubility of the aminated lignin was about 0.45 g/100 mL. Therefore, the water solubility of raw lignin was greatly improved. The proposed reaction mechanism of phenolic hydroxyl groups and carboxylic acid groups in lignin is a reaction with ammonia molecules; thus, the successful introduction of amino groups generated the aminated lignin compounds. Hence, this article enriches the scientific theory of lignin reactions and provides a reference for the widespread application of raw lignin materials in the field of adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guangzai Nong
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Ning Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
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4
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Fang YG, Lin JY, Zhang YC, Qiu QW, Zeng Y, Li WX, Wang ZY. A reactive compatibilization with the compound containing four epoxy groups for polylactic acid/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/thermoplastic starch ternary bio-composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129998. [PMID: 38336326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
How to effectively improve the poor interfacial adhesion between polylactic acid/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PLA/PBAT) matrix and thermoplastic starch (TPS) is still a challenge. Therefore, this work aims to introduce a convenient method to enhance the performance of PLA/PBAT/TPS blend by melt reactive extrusion. Here, using 4,4'-methylene-bis(N,N-diglycidyl-aniline) (MBDG) containing four epoxy groups as a reactive compatibilizer, and respectively using 1-methylimidazole (MI) or triethylenediamine (TD) as a catalyzer, serial PLA/PBAT/TPS ternary bio-composites are successfully prepared via melt reactive extrusion. The results showed that, under the catalysis of organic base, especially MI, the epoxy groups of MBDG can effectively react with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of PLA/PBAT and hydroxyl groups in TPS to form chain-expanded and cross-linked structures. The tensile strength of the composites is increased by 20.0 % from 21.1 MPa, and the elongation at break is increased by 182.4 % from 17.6 % owing to the chain extension and the forming of cross-linked structures. The molecular weight, thermal stability, crystallinity, and surface hydrophobicity of the materials are gradually improved with the increase of MBDG content. The melt fluidity of the composites is also improved due to the enhancement of compatibility. The obtained PLA/PBAT/TPS materials have the potential to be green plastic products with good properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gan Fang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Jian-Yun Lin
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; Guangdong Esquel Textiles Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528500, PR China.
| | - You-Cai Zhang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Qi-Wen Qiu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Yong Zeng
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Wen-Xi Li
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
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5
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Xiang S, Tang B, Feng J, Lin X, Liu F, Yang H, Feng X, Wan C. Eco-Friendly One-Pot Supramolecular-Assembly of P-N Flame Retardant for Fire-Safe Epoxy Resin. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300358. [PMID: 37572054 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardant treatment of epoxy resins (EP) to reduce their flammability for extending their range of applications attracts considerable attention. However, the synthesis process of conventional flame retardants is complicated and involves organic hazardous solvents. Meanwhile, how to ensure both the flame-retardant and mechanical properties is a long-standing and actual difficult problem. In this work, a supramolecular flame retardant (named ATPFR) is facilely created by one-pot reaction, using cheap and accessible raw materials in an ecologically benign aqueous solvent. ATPFR is applied to improve the fire safety of EP. With only 5 wt% ATPFR addition, EP can reach the limiting oxygen index of 28.5% and the UL-94 V-0 rating with a significant "blow-out effect." The cone calorimetry test reveals that the EP thermoset with 5 wt% ATPFR has a 75.8% reduction in the peak heat release rate (p-HRR) and a 67.3% reduction in the peak smoke production rate (p-SPR), respectively, compared with the pure EP. Additionally, EP composites with the small amount of ATPFR exhibit a slight decrease and maintain good mechanical properties. Therefore, the facile synthesis and application of this supramolecular flame retardant provide a reliable way for the construction of polymer materials with environment-friendly and effective flame-retardant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Xiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Bin Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xiaming Feng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Chaojun Wan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400044, China
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6
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Design of P-decorated POSS towards flame-retardant, mechanically-strong, tough and transparent epoxy resins. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 640:864-876. [PMID: 36907147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy resins (EPs) are known for their durability, strength, and adhesive properties, which make them a versatile and popular material for use in a variety of applications, including chemical anticorrosion, small electronic devices, etc. However, EP is highly flammable due to its chemical nature. In this study, phosphorus-containing organic-inorganic hybrid flame retardant (APOP) was synthesized by introducing 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10‑phosphaphenathrene (DOPO) into cage-like octaminopropyl silsesquioxane (OA-POSS) via Schiff base reaction. The improved flame retardancy of EP was achieved by combining the physical barrier of inorganic Si-O-Si with the flame-retardant capability of phosphaphenanthrene. EP composites containing 3 wt% APOP passed the V-1 rating with a value of LOI of 30.1% and showed an apparent reduction in smoke release. Additionally, the combination of the inorganic structure and the flexible aliphatic segment in the hybrid flame retardant provides EP with molecular reinforcement, while the abundance of amino groups facilitates a good interface compatibility and outstanding transparency. Accordingly, EP containing 3 wt% APOP increased in tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength by 66.0 %, 78.6 %, and 32.3 %, respectively. The EP/APOP composites had a bending angle lower than 90°, and their successful transition to a tough material highlights the potential of this innovative combination of the inorganic structure and the flexible aliphatic segment. In addition, the relevant flame-retardant mechanism revealed that the APOP promoted the formation of a hybrid char layer containing P/N/Si for EP and produced phosphorus-containing fragments during combustion, showing flame-retardant effects in both condensed and vapor phases. This research offers innovative solutions for reconciling flame retardancy & mechanical performances and strength & toughness for polymers.
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7
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Zhang Y, Lin F, Wu Y, Wang S, Liu Z, Song L. Synergistic flame retardant effect of cerium‐based
DOPO
derivative and intumescent flame retardants in polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen China
| | - Fenglong Lin
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen China
| | - Yincai Wu
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen China
| | - Shenglong Wang
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen China
| | | | - Lijun Song
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen China
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8
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Wang X, Wu K, Zhou C, Pan Z, Feng L, Cheng Q, Zhou H. Phenylenediamine‐phenyl phosphonic acid salts toward good flame retardancy and smoke suppression epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Kunxiong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhiquan Pan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Lu Feng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Qingrong Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
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9
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Wang YC, Li F, Zhao JP. Novel halogen‐free
Si‐C‐P
flame‐retarding coatings constructed by
DOPO
/flake graphite co‐doping silica fume‐based geopolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Chao Wang
- State Key Lab of Subtropical Building Science South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- School of Resources Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycling Ministry of Education Mianyang China
| | - Fan Li
- School of Resources Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an China
| | - Jiang Ping Zhao
- School of Resources Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an China
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10
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Lu J, Cai B, Xu W, Wang L, Luo Z, Wang B. A Nitrogen-Rich DOPO-Based Derivate for Increasing Fire Resistance of Epoxy Resin with Comparable Transparency. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16020519. [PMID: 36676259 PMCID: PMC9865245 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To endow synergistically epoxy resin (EP) with excellent fire resistance and high optical transparency, a nitrogen-rich DOPO-based derivate (named as FATP) was synthesized and incorporated into EP. It showed that the incorporation of the FATP reduced the fire hazard of the EP, as demonstrated by the fact that the EP/4% FATP blends gained a UL-94 V-0 rating and an LOI value of 35%, with the lowest values of the THR (86.7 MJ/m2), the PHRR (1059.3 kW/m2), and the TSP (89.6 MJ/m2). The presence of the FATP also reduced the thermal stability and the crosslinking density whilst improving the curing reaction and the storage modulus of the EP/FATP blends. The TG-FTIR spectra showed that •HPO/•PO free radicals and some nonflammable gases (HN3 and NH3) were produced during the pyrolysis, and the characterization (SEM, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS) of char residues confirmed that the FATP facilitated the formation of continuous and compact carbon layers of greater graphitization degree. It was thus concluded that the FATP played the flame-retardant roles in both the gas and condensed phases. Furthermore, the FREPs kept almost identical transparency as the pristine EP, and mechanical properties were also slightly enhanced. The FREPs presented in this work show promising applications in the fields of advanced optical technology.
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11
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Highly efficient phosphorous-containing flame retardant for transparent epoxy resin with good mechanical properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Wang W, Chen G, Wu S, Liu Y, Wang Q. Solvent‐free synthesis of phosphate‐containing imidazole fluid for flame retardant one‐component epoxy resin with long pot life, low curing temperature and fast curing rate. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Gang Chen
- Polymer Research Center Baosheng Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd. Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Shulong Wu
- Polymer Research Center Baosheng Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd. Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
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13
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Chen R, Dongmei B, Jiang J, Sun C, Chen H, Zhang M. Effect of 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde on transparency and mechanical properties of EP modified with aminopyridine-based DOPO derivative. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221142758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two effective flame retardant additives hsalaminopyridine phosphaphenanthrene (HAD) and methoaminopyridine phosphaphenanthrene (MAD) were respectively prepared with DOPO, aminopyridine, salicylaldehyde and 3-Methoxysalicylaldehyde. Subsequently, HAD and MAD was added into epoxy resin (EP) respectively, and flame retardancy of EP/HAD and EP/MAD thermosets were dramatically enhanced. The result of cone calorimeter (CC) test revealed that both HAD and MAD showed perfect smoke suppression performance. In respect of transmittance and mechanical properties, there was a huge difference between HAD and MAD. The introduction of HAD dramatically harmed transmittance and mechanical properties of EP, while, EP/10%MAD was transparent and nearly possessed the same mechanical properties with pure EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- West Anhui University, Luan, China
| | | | | | | | - Han Chen
- West Anhui University, Luan, China
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14
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Wang S, Wu W, Chen Q, Ding Z, Li S, Zhang A, Tang T, Liu J, Okoye PU. Preparation of DOPO‐derived magnesium phosphate whisker and its synergistic effect with ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardancy and mechanical property of epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer and Catalyst Synthesis Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer and Catalyst Synthesis Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer and Catalyst Synthesis Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang China
| | - Zhan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer and Catalyst Synthesis Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang China
| | - Sanxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer and Catalyst Synthesis Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang China
| | - Ailing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer and Catalyst Synthesis Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Changchun China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Changchun China
| | - Patrick U. Okoye
- Laboratorio de Bioenergía Instituto de Energías Renovables (IER‐UNAM) Temixco Mexico
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15
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Zhang C, Cai R, Xu C, Xia H, Zhu Y, Zhang S. A void surface flame retardant strategy for polymeric
polyHIPEs. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Ruiyun Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Chuanbang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Hongwei Xia
- Wuxi New Hongtai Electric Technology Co., Ltd. Wuxi China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Shengmiao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Wuxi New Hongtai Electric Technology Co., Ltd. Wuxi China
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16
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Zhou Y, Li W, Zhu J, Liang S, Xie Q, Jiang M. Superior flame retardant and cost-effective aromatic polyoxydiazole fibers enabled by 2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Transparent, flame retardant, mechanically strengthened and low dielectric EP composites enabled by a reactive bio-based P/N flame retardant. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Guo Y, Rong H, Yu Y, Chen T, Chen Z, Suo Y, Zhang Q, Li C, Jiang J. A facile method for synthesis of novel phenyl phosphates flame retardants and their application in epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Hu Rong
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Yuan Yu
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Tingting Chen
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Yifan Suo
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Qingwu Zhang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Changxin Li
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Juncheng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
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19
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Wang W, Lei L, Bao Q, Liu Y, Wang Q. Synthesis of a triazine charring agent containing hydroxyl and triazine ring and its flame retardant application in thermoplastic polyolefin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Li Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qiuru Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
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20
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Jiang Z, Ma S, Zhang G, Song D, Wang Y, Lao F. Effect of a chitosan-based flame retardant with a caged structure on unsaturated polyester resin. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2029890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianping College of Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su Ma
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongdong Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fujing Lao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianping College of Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Multi‐element heterocyclic compound derived from
DOPO
and thiadiazole toward flame‐retardant epoxy resin with satisfactory mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Wang H, Yuan J, Wang Y, Ma Y, Lyu S, Zhu Z. A nitrogen heterocyclic/phosphaphenanthrene derivative as a reactive additive for simultaneous improvement of flame retardancy, mechanical and dielectric properties of epoxy resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Yang Y, Xiao D. Fabrication of two multifunctional phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardants toward improving the fire safety of epoxy resin. E-POLYMERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2022-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
To improve the fire safety of epoxy resin (EP), two novel phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardants, which named as diphenyl allylphosphoramidate (DPCA) and N-allyl-P, P-diphenylphosphinic amide (DCA), were synthesized by acyl chloride reaction and introduced into EP for fabricating EP composites. The combustion tests showed that incorporation of 5 wt% DPCA or 5 wt% DCA into EP led to the exceptional limited oxygen index (LOI) value (27.1% or 31.6%). Besides, the peak of heat release rate of EP-5 wt% DPCA and EP-5 wt% DCA was reduced by 40.69% and 36.69%, respectively, compared to pure EP. The enhanced fire resistance of EP was ascribed to the trapping effect of fillers in the gas phase and the charring effect in the condensed phase. Furthermore, ultraviolet-visible spectra revealed that both EP-5 wt% DPCA and EP-5 wt% DCA have considerable transparency. This study is expected to broaden the application of EP in the industrial area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology , Fuzhou , Fujian , 350108 , China
| | - Dan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology , Fuzhou , Fujian , 350108 , China
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24
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Han Y, Jin L, Xu T, Zhao H, Wang X, Yuan L, Chen L. A novel phosphorus compound acting as a substitute of
DOPO
for flame retard of epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Liang Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Tingting Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Xinlong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Lailai Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Lixin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
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25
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Lu X, Gu X. Fabrication of a bi-hydroxyl-bi-DOPO compound with excellent quenching and charring capacities for lignin-based epoxy resin. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:539-552. [PMID: 35217079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, lignin-based epoxy resins (EP) were fabricated using lignin, phenol and glyoxal as crosslinking reagents. For improving the flame retardancy, a bi-DOPO compound with bi-hydroxyl structure was successfully synthesized, containing excellent quenching and charring capacities. Good pyrolysis behaviors of as-synthesized flame retardant resulted in significant quenching effect via structure decomposition to release PO and PO2 free radicals for capturing reactive H and OH radicals produced from epoxy combustion. With addition of 0.18 wt% phosphorus, epoxy composite (10% LPG-ER-4) passed V-0 rating with high limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 35.2%. Cone calorimeter tests showed that heat release (including heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release (THR)) from combustion was reduced with assistance of flame retardant. Char residue analyses illustrated that bi-hydroxyl structure in DOPO-based flame retardant benefited the formation of char layer with higher compactness and integrity to serve as a protective shell of interior epoxy matrix. Furthermore, exterior pore size of char residue was narrowed or blocked to avoid the release of heat and volatiles generated from combustion. This study provided a feasible method to improve flame retardancy of lignin-based EP and proposed flame-retardant mechanism both in gaseous and solid phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
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26
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Qiao H, Su L, Liu C, Zhang H, Chen M. From laboratory to industrialization: Eco‐friendly flame retardant endowing epoxy resin with excellent flame retardancy, transparency, and mechanical properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Qiao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Liping Su
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Canpei Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Huagui Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Mingfeng Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
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27
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Eco-friendly thermally insulating cellulose aerogels with exceptional flame retardancy, mechanical property and thermal stability. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.104159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Yang Y, Li Z, Wu G, Chen W, Huang G. A novel biobased intumescent flame retardant through combining simultaneously char-promoter and radical-scavenger for the application in epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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29
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Li D, Zhang Z, Wang S, Xu M, Li B. A monomolecular intumescent flame retardant for improvement simultaneously of fire safety, smoke suppression, and mechanical properties of epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Miaojun Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Bin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
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30
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Peng W, Nie SB, Xu YX, Yang W. A tetra-DOPO derivative as highly efficient flame retardant for epoxy resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Xu Q, Zhang S, Su Z, Li D, Liang S, Li B, Lian T, Qin X, Jiang M, Liu P. A novel 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide‐based reactive flame retardant for epoxy resin: Synthesis, properties, and comparison. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Xu
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shengchang Zhang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zexi Su
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Dazhe Li
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shuheng Liang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Tingting Lian
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xiangpu Qin
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Mengjin Jiang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Pengqing Liu
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
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32
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Liu SH, Ke CY, Chiang CL. Thermal Stability, Smoke Density, and Flame Retardance of Ecotype Bio-Based Flame Retardant Agricultural Waste Bagasse/Epoxy Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172977. [PMID: 34503018 PMCID: PMC8434128 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study, agricultural waste bagasse was used as a bio-based flame retardant for reducing the flammability of epoxy. Specifically, an interpenetrating network (IPN) was formed through a ring opening reaction between the hydroxyl functional group of bagasse and the epoxy group of triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), forming Bagasse@TGIC. Next, 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) was mixed with Bagasse@TGIC, inducing a reaction between the active hydrogen of DOPO and the epoxy group of TGIC, ultimately forming Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO with an IPN structure. Finally, the novel flame retardant was added to epoxy to create a composite. The integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT) of pure epoxy is 619 °C; after the introduction of the 30 wt% flame retardant, the IPDT of the resultant composite material increased to 799 °C, greatly increasing the thermal stability by 29%. After the addition of the Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO flame retardant, the limiting oxygen index increased from 21% for the pure epoxy to 29% for the composite, and the UL-94 rating improved from failing rating for the pure epoxy and V-0 rating for the composite. The Raman spectrum indicated that the addition of Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO IPN substantially increased the biochar yield during the burning process, increasing thermal stability. These results confirmed that the epoxy/Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO composite had substantial flame retarding effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Hao Liu
- Department of Ammunition Engineering and Explosion Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China;
| | - Cing-Yu Ke
- Green Flame Retardant Material Research Laboratory, Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Lung Chiang
- Green Flame Retardant Material Research Laboratory, Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2631-8652-4008
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33
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Luo Z, Chen Z, Wei J, Wang D, Chen H, Chen R. A transparent and intumescent phosphaphenanthrene/phenylpyrazole-containing epoxy resin system and its flame retardancy. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008321992412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel intumescent flame retardant, PPMD, was designed from phosphaphenanthrene and nitrogen heterocycles through the two-step gut reactions of 1,4-phthalaldehyde and 3-methyl-1-phe-nylpyrazol-5-ylamine. After determination of its structure by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared analyses, PPMD was added to an epoxy resin (EP) to facilitate a curing process. Thus, EP/PPMD samples with excellent transparency and flame retardancy were acquired. For example, the EP sample satisfied the UL-94 V-0 standard and achieved a limiting oxygen index value of 30.5% because of the incorporation of 5 wt% PPMD. The cone calorimeter test of the EP/5% PPMD sample revealed that its total smoke production (TSP) and total heat release (THR) values of EP/5% PPMD was only 22.5% and 56.4% of the control group, respectively. Moreover, the average effective heat of combustion (av-EHC) value of EP/5% PPMD was reduced by 34.1%, indicating that PPMD possessed high flame-inhibition activity and smoke suppression efficiency. The flame-retardant mechanisms of PPMD were also investigated in gas phase by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and in condensed phase by XPS and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Luo
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
- West Anhui University, Luan, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Chizhou University, Chizhou, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Han Chen
- West Anhui University, Luan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
- West Anhui University, Luan, China
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34
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Hu D, Liu H, Ding Y, Ma W. Synergetic integration of thermal conductivity and flame resistance in nacre-like nanocellulose composites. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 264:118058. [PMID: 33910753 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Highly thermally conductive and flame resistant nanocellulose-based composites can synchronously achieve efficient thermal dissipation and low fire hazards of electronic devices, which shows great promise in next-generation green and flexible electronics. However, it has long been intractable to optimize the high thermal conductivity (TC) and flame resistance simultaneously. Herein, synergetic integration of high TC and flame resistance in nacre-like nanocellulose composites has been successfully achieved by the vacuum-assisted filtration of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and functionalized boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS-p-APP). Benefiting from the highly oriented hierarchical microstructure, strong hydrogen-bonding interaction, and successful immobilization of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), the as-obtained CNFs/BNNS-p-APP composite film achieves a high in-plane TC of 9.1 W m-1 K-1 and outstanding flame resistance. Meantime, this eco-friendly nanocellulose-based composite also exhibits remarkable flexibility, folding endurance, and mechanical robustness, robustness, which may open up a new opportunity for the thermal management of flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Dongguan, 523808, PR China
| | - Huaqing Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Yong Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Wenshi Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Dongguan, 523808, PR China.
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35
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Huang Z, Wang Z. Synthesis of a bio‐based piperazine phytate flame retardant for epoxy resin with improved flame retardancy and smoke suppression. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Huang
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Zhengzhou Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University) Ministry of Education Shanghai China
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36
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Pang F, Liu X, Zheng X, Lin Y, Jian R. An intrinsic flame retardant epoxy resin with high transparency and strengthened mechanical property. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fu‐Qu Pang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Xin‐Duo Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Xian‐Ting Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Yu‐Cai Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Rong‐Kun Jian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
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37
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Ielo I, Giacobello F, Sfameni S, Rando G, Galletta M, Trovato V, Rosace G, Plutino MR. Nanostructured Surface Finishing and Coatings: Functional Properties and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2733. [PMID: 34067241 PMCID: PMC8196899 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review presents current literature on different nanocomposite coatings and surface finishing for textiles, and in particular this study has focused on smart materials, drug-delivery systems, industrial, antifouling and nano/ultrafiltration membrane coatings. Each of these nanostructured coatings shows interesting properties for different fields of application. In this review, particular attention is paid to the synthesis and the consequent physico-chemical characteristics of each coating and, therefore, to the different parameters that influence the substrate deposition process. Several techniques used in the characterization of these surface finishing coatings were also described. In this review the sol-gel method for preparing stimuli-responsive coatings as smart sensor materials is described; polymers and nanoparticles sensitive to pH, temperature, phase, light and biomolecules are also treated; nanomaterials based on phosphorus, borates, hydroxy carbonates and silicones are used and described as flame-retardant coatings; organic/inorganic hybrid sol-gel coatings for industrial applications are illustrated; carbon nanotubes, metallic oxides and polymers are employed for nano/ultrafiltration membranes and antifouling coatings. Research institutes and industries have collaborated in the advancement of nanotechnology by optimizing conversion processes of conventional materials into coatings with new functionalities for intelligent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Ielo
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN–CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.I.); (F.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Fausta Giacobello
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN–CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.I.); (F.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Sfameni
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN–CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.I.); (F.G.); (S.S.)
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio, S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Rando
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Analytical Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Maurilio Galletta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Analytical Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Valentina Trovato
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Viale Marconi 5, 24044 Dalmine (BG), Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Rosace
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Viale Marconi 5, 24044 Dalmine (BG), Italy;
| | - Maria Rosaria Plutino
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN–CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.I.); (F.G.); (S.S.)
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38
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39
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Zhang D, Meng D, Ma Z, Zhang Z, Ning H, Wang Y. Synthesis of a novel organic–inorganic hybrid flame retardant based on Ca(
H
2
PO
4
)
2
and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and its performance in polyvinyl alcohol. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Material Science, School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design Ministry of Education Lanzhou China
| | - Dehai Meng
- Department of Material Science, School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design Ministry of Education Lanzhou China
| | - Zhongying Ma
- Department of Material Science, School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design Ministry of Education Lanzhou China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Material Science, School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design Ministry of Education Lanzhou China
| | - Haozhe Ning
- Department of Material Science, School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design Ministry of Education Lanzhou China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Material Science, School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design Ministry of Education Lanzhou China
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40
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Towards Selection Charts for Epoxy Resin, Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Their Fibre-Fabric Composites with Flame Retardants. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051181. [PMID: 33802309 PMCID: PMC7959149 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins are the most used thermosetting polymers. They are commonly used in electronics, construction, marine, automotive and aircraft industries. Moreover, reinforcing both epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins with carbon or glass fibre in a fabric form has enabled them to be used in high-performance applications. However, their organic nature as any other polymeric materials made them highly flammable materials. Enhancing the flame retardancy performance of thermosetting polymers and their composites can be improved by the addition of flame-retardant materials, but this comes at the expense of their mechanical properties. In this regard, a comprehensive review on the recent research articles that studied the flame retardancy of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin and their composites were covered. Flame retardancy performance of different flame retardant/polymer systems was evaluated in terms of Flame Retardancy index (FRI) that was calculated based on the data extracted from the cone calorimeter test. Furthermore, flame retardant selection charts that relate between the flame retardancy level with mechanical properties in the aspects of tensile and flexural strength were presented. This review paper is also dedicated to providing the reader with a brief overview on the combustion mechanism of polymeric materials, their flammability behaviour and the commonly used flammability testing techniques and the mechanism of action of flame retardants.
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41
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Wang J, Tang H, Yu X, Xu J, Pan Z, Zhou H. Reactive organophosphorus flame retardant for transparency, low‐flammability, and mechanical reinforcement epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hao Tang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xuejun Yu
- National Phosphorus Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Three Gorges Public Inspection and Testing Center Yichang China
| | - Jin Xu
- Institue of Pharmaceutical Science King's College London UK
| | - Zhiquan Pan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
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42
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Sun B, Li S, Jiang X, Zhu X, Kong XZ. Synthesis of post‐modified poly(ester‐amino) microspheres via
aza‐Michael
precipitation polymerization and its use for enzyme immobilization. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Jinan Jinan China
| | - Shusheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Jinan Jinan China
| | - Xubao Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Jinan Jinan China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Jinan Jinan China
| | - Xiang Z. Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Jinan Jinan China
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43
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Wang H, Li S, Zhu Z, Yin X, Wang L, Weng Y, Wang X. A novel DOPO-based flame retardant containing benzimidazolone structure with high charring ability towards low flammability and smoke epoxy resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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44
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Chen Z, Xu Y, Yu Y, Chen T, Zhang Q, Li C, Jiang J. Polyaniline-modified Fe2O3 / expandable graphite: A system for promoting the flame retardancy, mechanical properties and electrical properties of epoxy resin. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Dai S, Yu X, Chen R, Zhou H, Pan Z. Transparent epoxy resin material with excellent fire retardancy enabled by a P/N/S containing flame retardant. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengsong Dai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xuejun Yu
- Three Gorges Public Inspection and Testing Center Hubei China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhiquan Pan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
- Three Gorges Public Inspection and Testing Center Hubei China
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46
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Guo S, Bao M, Ni X. The synthesis of meltable and highly thermostable
triazine‐DOPO
flame retardant and its application in
PA66. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyuan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai People's Republic of China
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47
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Xie W, Huang S, Liu S, Zhao J. Phosphorus-based triazine compound endowing epoxy thermosets with excellent flame retardancy and enhanced mechanical stiffness. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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48
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Luo H, Rao W, Zhao P, Wang L, Liu Y, Yu C. An efficient organic/inorganic phosphorus–nitrogen–silicon flame retardant towards low-flammability epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Hu Z, Zhong Z, Gong X. Flame retardancy, thermal properties, and combustion behaviors of intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene containing (poly) piperazine pyrophosphate and melamine polyphosphate. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hu
- China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Chongqing Research Institute Chongqing China
- Chongqing Copolyforce Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd Chongqing China
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Zhong
- China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Chongqing Research Institute Chongqing China
- Chongqing Copolyforce Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd Chongqing China
| | - Xiao‐Di Gong
- China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Chongqing Research Institute Chongqing China
- Chongqing Copolyforce Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd Chongqing China
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50
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Luo H, Rao W, Liu Y, Zhao P, Wang L, Yu C. Novel
multi‐element DOPO
derivative toward
low‐flammability
epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiang Luo
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non‐ferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and DevicesCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT) Guilin China
| | - Wenhui Rao
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non‐ferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and DevicesCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT) Guilin China
- Center for Degradable and Flame‐Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non‐ferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and DevicesCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT) Guilin China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non‐ferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and DevicesCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT) Guilin China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non‐ferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and DevicesCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT) Guilin China
| | - Chuanbai Yu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non‐ferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and DevicesCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology (GUT) Guilin China
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