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Gulshan S, Shafaghat H, Wang S, Dai L, Tang C, Fu W, Wen Y, Wang CH, Evangelopoulos P, Yang W. Kinetic investigation on the catalytic pyrolysis of plastic fractions of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE): A mathematical deconvolution approach. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 187:156-166. [PMID: 39043078 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has become a critical environmental problem. Catalytic pyrolysis is an ideal technique to treat and convert the plastic fraction of WEEE into chemicals and fuels. Unfortunately, research using real WEEE remains relatively limited. Furthermore, the complexity of WEEE complicates the analysis of its pyrolytic kinetics. This study applied the Fraser-Suzuki mathematical deconvolution method to obtain the pseudo reactions of the thermal degradation of two types of WEEE, using four different catalysts (Al2O3, HBeta, HZSM-5, and TiO2) or without a catalyst. The main contributor(s) to each pseudo reaction were identified by comparing them with the pyrolysis results of the pure plastics in WEEE. The nth order model was then applied to estimate the kinetic parameters of the obtained pseudo reactions. In the low-grade electronics pyrolysis, the pseudo-1 reaction using TiO2 as a catalyst achieved the lowest activation energy of 92.10 kJ/mol, while the pseudo-2 reaction using HZSM-5 resulted in the lowest activation energy of 101.35 kJ/mol among the four catalytic cases. For medium-grade electronics, pseudo-3 and pseudo-4 were the main reactions for thermal degradation, with HZSM-5 and TiO2 yielding the lowest pyrolytic activation energies of 75.24 and 226.39 kJ/mol, respectively. This effort will play a crucial role in comprehending the pyrolysis kinetic mechanism of WEEE and propelling this technology toward a brighter future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Gulshan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, Stockholm 11428, Sweden
| | - Hoda Shafaghat
- Division of Bioeconomy and Health, Department of Biorefinery and Energy, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB, Piteå 941 28, Sweden
| | - Shule Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, Stockholm 11428, Sweden; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Nanjing, China; International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leilei Dai
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States of America
| | - Chuchu Tang
- Program of Visual Arts, Faculty of Creative Arts, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Wenming Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Yuming Wen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Chi-Hwa Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Panagiotis Evangelopoulos
- Division of Bioeconomy and Health, Department of Biorefinery and Energy, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB, Piteå 941 28, Sweden
| | - Weihong Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, Stockholm 11428, Sweden
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Choi OK, Song EH, Kim H. Hydrothermal dechlorination strategy for high-quality oil recovery from polyvinyl chloride. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174599. [PMID: 38986706 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The global production of PVC is around 3.5 million tons each year. Unfortunately, the disposal of PVC waste releases toxic substances such as hydrochloric acid, polychlorinated dioxins, and furans, which can harm the environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a safe and environmentally friendly thermochemical treatment method that reduces the damage caused by HCl gas produced during PVC pyrolysis and improves the quality of pyrolysis oil. Hydrothermal treatment technology is one of the potential dechlorination strategies for PVC. However, its efficiency is reduced in the supercritical region, while the additives used result in secondary pollution and increased operating costs. This study is pioneering in its approach, aiming to produce high-quality oil with reduced chlorine through low-temperature hydrothermal treatment of PVC, all without additives. The results are promising, indicating that by administering steam at 250 °C with a 2.0-3.0 g-steam/g-feed ratio, we can significantly reduce chlorine content to 0.13 % while achieving an oil yield of up to 14.9 % from PVC. The hydrothermal process can reduce CO2 emissions by 15-43 % compared to pyrolysis methods, providing a simultaneous opportunity for carbon neutrality and resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Kyung Choi
- Bio Resource Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering, Yongin 17180, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Hye Song
- Bio Resource Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering, Yongin 17180, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Bio Resource Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering, Yongin 17180, Republic of Korea
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Kato K, Koga N. The physico-geometrical reaction pathway and kinetics of multistep thermal dehydration of calcium chloride dihydrate in a dry nitrogen stream. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12358-12371. [PMID: 38595319 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00790e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Several inorganic hydrates exhibit reversible reactions of thermal dehydration and rehydration, which is potentially applicable to thermochemical energy storage. Detailed kinetic information on both forward and reverse reactions is essential for refining energy storage systems. In this study, factors determining the reaction pathway and kinetics of the multistep thermal dehydration of inorganic hydrates to form anhydride via intermediate hydrates were investigated as exemplified by the thermal dehydration of CaCl2·2H2O (CC-DH) in a stream of dry N2. The formation of CaCl2·H2O (CC-MH) as the intermediate hydrate is known during the thermal dehydration of CC-DH to form its anhydride (CC-AH). However, the two-step kinetic modeling based on the chemical reaction pathway considering the formation of the CC-MH intermediate failed in terms of the reaction stoichiometry and kinetic behavior of the component reaction steps. The kinetic modeling was refined by considering the physico-geometrical reaction mechanism and the self-generated reaction conditions to be a three-step reaction. The multistep reaction was explained as comprising the surface reaction of the thermal dehydration of CC-DH to CC-AH and subsequent contracting geometry-type reactions from CC-DH to CC-MH and from CC-MH to CC-AH occurring consecutively in the core of the reacting particles surrounded by the surface product layer of CC-AH. The acceleration of the linear advancement rate of the reaction interface during both contracting geometry-type reactions was revealed through multistep kinetic analysis and was described by a decrease in the water vapor pressure at the reaction interface as the previous reaction step proceeded and terminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kato
- Department of Science Education, Division of Educational Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
| | - Nobuyoshi Koga
- Department of Science Education, Division of Educational Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
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Xu H, Cheng D, Zhao L, Dong H. Exploring multistep bischofite waste pyrolysis: insights from advanced kinetic analysis and thermogravimetric techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:13867-13882. [PMID: 38265584 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Pyrolysis technology is crucial for realizing waste bischofite resource utilization. However, previous studies overlooked the complexity of multistep pyrolysis, resulting in a lack of thorough knowledge of the pyrolysis behavior and kinetics. The pyrolysis products were characterized using XRD and FTIR to indicate the bischofite pyrolysis behavior. Additionally, the multistep kinetics was studied using the segmented single-step reaction (SSSR) and Fraser-Suzuki combined kinetic (FSCK) methods. The results show that the bischofite pyrolysis is divided into dehydration and hydrolysis. The former refers to removing crystalline water from MgCl2·nH2O (n = 4,6). At the same time, the latter is related to the removal of HCl, characterized by the strengthening of the Mg-O bond in the FTIR analysis and the emergence of MgOHCl·1.5H2O in the XRD examination. The two main stages are divided into three dehydration reactions (D-1, D-2, D-3) and three hydrolysis reactions (H-1, H-2, H-3) by DTG-DDTG or Fraser-Suzuki deconvolution. Compared with the SSSR method, the FSCK method has improved model repeatability for multistep kinetic parameters. Following Fraser-Suzuki deconvolution, the FSCK method creates almost the same activation energy results when using the Friedman (FR), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Vyazovkin (VZK). This work provides fundamental data to promote the maximizing waste bischofite resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlu Xu
- SEP Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Daokuan Cheng
- SEP Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- SEP Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Dong
- SEP Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China.
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Jia Y, Man P, Guo X, Deng L, Li Y. Effects of Overload on Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Cross-Linked Polyethylene Copper Wires. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3954. [PMID: 37836003 PMCID: PMC10575378 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During an overload fault in an energized wire, the hot metal core modifies the structure of the insulation material. Therefore, understanding the thermal decomposition kinetics of the insulation materials of the overloaded wire is essential for fire prevention and control. This study investigates the thermal decomposition process of new and overloaded cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) copper wires using thermogravimetry-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and cone calorimetry. The thermal decomposition onset temperature and activation energy of the overloaded XLPE insulation materials were reduced by approximately 15 K and 20 kJ mol-1, respectively, and its reaction mechanism function changed from D-ZLT3 to A2 (0 < α < 0.5). The FTIR shows that the major spectral components produced during the pyrolysis of the XLPE insulation material are C-H stretching, H2O, CO2, C-H scissor vibrations, and C=O and C=C stretching. Additionally, the four functional groups in the PE chains produced the spectral components in the following decreasing order of wavenumber: C-H stretching > CO2 > C-H scissor vibration > C=O and C=C stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liang Deng
- Forensic Science Institute, China People’s Police University, Langfang 065000, China; (Y.J.); (P.M.); (X.G.)
| | - Yang Li
- Forensic Science Institute, China People’s Police University, Langfang 065000, China; (Y.J.); (P.M.); (X.G.)
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Hara M, Koga N. Physico-geometrical kinetic insight into multistep thermal dehydration of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:12081-12096. [PMID: 37097261 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01323e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The origin of the multistep thermal dehydration of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD)) to form γ-calcium diphosphate (γ-calcium pyrophosphate (γ-CPP)) via calcium hydrogen phosphate anhydride (dibasic calcium phosphate anhydride (DCPA)) was investigated from a specific viewpoint of physico-geometrical constraints generated during the reaction. The overall thermal dehydration was separated into five partially overlapping steps through systematic kinetic analysis. The first three steps and the residual two steps were attributed to the thermal dehydration of DCPD to form DCPA and of DCPA to form γ-CPP, respectively. The first to third steps were kinetically characterized by the surface reaction of plate-like particles controlled by nucleation and growth, the movement of the reaction interface inward to the plate by releasing water vapor through voids formed in the surface product layer, and the rapid escape of water vapor accompanied by the cleavage of plate-like particles into slices, respectively. The contributions of each component step varied with the heating conditions and atmospheric water vapor pressure. The subsequent dehydration of DCPA proceeded in two steps by the release of trapped water molecules in amorphous DCPA induced by its gradual crystallization and the dehydration of DCPA to form poorly crystalline γ-CPP, which continued to grow during the fifth mass loss step and exhibited a detectable exothermic phenomenon after the mass loss was completed. The possible causes of the variation in the multistep reaction features with reaction conditions were discussed by correlating the kinetic analysis results with the crystallographic and morphological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Hara
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Science Education, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
| | - Nobuyoshi Koga
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Science Education, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
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Pyrolysis Process of Mixed Microplastics Using TG-FTIR and TED-GC-MS. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15010241. [PMID: 36616592 PMCID: PMC9824846 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics have become a ubiquitous contaminant in the environment. The present study focuses on the identification, characterization, and quantification techniques for tracking microplastics. Due to their unique compositional structure, unambiguous identification of individual polymers in various plastic samples, usually comprised of mixtures of individual polymers, remains a challenge. Therefore, there is limited research on the pyrolysis characterization of mixed samples. In this study, two analytical methods, TG-FTIR and TED-GC-MS combined with thermogravimetric analysis were used to evaluate the thermal-degradation process of individual and mixed samples of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The primary interaction was the volatilization of terephthalic acid bound to chlorine molecules. The reduction of vinyl-ester functional groups and aromatic hydrocarbon intermediates related to olefin branching was confirmed. Char formation was increased, due to aromatic compounds from PET and PVC. All of the polymers used in the study may be underestimated in quantity, due to combined volatilizations during pyrolysis. TG-FTIR and TED-GC-MS showed forceful advantages in identifying mixed microplastics through different discrimination mechanisms. The study provides deep insight into pyrolysis behaviors and the interactions of mixed polymers, and the obtained results can help better comprehend the complex pyrolysis process.
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Zushi Y, Iwasaki S, Koga N. Effect of atmospheric water vapor on independent-parallel thermal dehydration of a compacted composite of an inorganic hydrate: sodium carbonate monohydrate grains comprising crystalline particles and a matrix. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29827-29840. [PMID: 36468312 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04699g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of atmospheric water vapor on the thermal dehydration of sodium carbonate monohydrate (SC-MH), which was characterized as cubic grains of a compacted composite comprising columnar SC-MH crystals and a matrix, was systematically assessed using a humidity-controlled thermogravimetry system at various atmospheric water vapor pressures (p(H2O)). The thermal dehydration of the SC-MH compacted composite occurred via an induction period (IP) and partially overlapping two-step mass loss steps due to the thermal dehydration of the SC-MH matrix and columnar crystals. All component reaction steps were retarded with an increase in the p(H2O) value. The kinetics of individual reaction steps were universally described over different temperatures and p(H2O) values based on a kinetic equation that considered p(H2O) and the equilibrium pressure of the thermal dehydration. Additionally, the physico-geometrical consecutive surface reaction (SR) and subsequent phase boundary-controlled reaction (PBR) model was employed to describe the first mass loss step. The difference between the effects of atmospheric p(H2O) on SR and PBR processes was parameterized via an advanced kinetic analysis. The kinetic behavior of the second mass loss step was discussed based on a three-dimensional contracting geometry model with accelerating reaction interface advancement, where the changes in the rate behavior with atmospheric p(H2O) were explained by the total effect of atmospheric and self-generated p(H2O) on the kinetics. The present results provide additional insights into the independent-parallel thermal decomposition kinetics of composite materials by considering the effects of atmospheric and self-generated gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Zushi
- Department of Science Education, Division of Educational Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
| | - Shun Iwasaki
- Department of Science Education, Division of Educational Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
| | - Nobuyoshi Koga
- Department of Science Education, Division of Educational Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
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Bei J, Xu X, Zhan M, Li X, Jiao W, Khachatryan L, Wu A. Revealing the Mechanism of Dioxin Formation from Municipal Solid Waste Gasification in a Reducing Atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14539-14549. [PMID: 36164751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gasification is an effective technology for the thermal disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) with lower dioxin emission compared to the prevailing incineration process. Nevertheless, the mechanism of dioxin formation in the reducing atmosphere during the gasification process was seldomly explored. Herein, the effects of the atmosphere, temperature, and chlorine source were systematically investigated in terms of dioxin distribution. With CO2 and H2O as gasification agents, a reducing reaction atmosphere was formed with abundant H2 which effectively suppressed the generation of C-Cl, contributing to a substantial decrease of dioxin concentration by ∼80% compared to the incineration process. The formation of dioxin was favored at temperatures below 700 °C with its peak concentration achieved at 500 °C. It was unveiled that inorganic chlorine played a dominant role in the reducing atmosphere, with a lower proportion of C-O-C/O-C═O on residual slag compared to an oxidizing atmosphere. Additionally, the generated H2 reduced the concentration of dioxins by attacking C-Cl and inhibiting the crucial Deacon reaction for dioxin formation, validated by density functional theory calculation. Eventually, the formation route paradigm and the reaction mechanism of dioxin formation from MSW gasification were revealed, facilitating and rationally guiding the control of dioxin emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Bei
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xu Xu
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingxiu Zhan
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wentao Jiao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Lavrent Khachatryan
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Angjian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Liu X, Yang F, Li M, Wang S, Sun C. From polyvinyl chloride waste to activated carbons: the role of occurring additives on porosity development and gas adsorption properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:154894. [PMID: 35364165 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of waste plastic to carbon materials has been considered as a potential approach for plastic recycling. In this study, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic, one of the most widely used polymers, was used as a single precursor to prepare porous carbons via chemical activation process. The results showed that KOH activation followed by acid washing was an effective strategy to recover all calcium- and up to 92% of titanium-based compounds, the main metal additives in PVC, in the form of soluble salt. Those metal additives in PVC acted as a type of hard template, which benefit the development of microporosity and carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption. Textural characterization demonstrated that the prepared carbons possessed high surface area and pore volume of up to 2507 m2/g and 1.11 cm3/g, respectively. At 0 °C and 100 kPa, the PVC-derived carbon, PH_73, which has highest ultra-micropore volume among all samples, exhibited excellent CO2 adsorption capacity of 6.90 mmol/g and high CO2/N2 selectivity. Converting the non-degradable PVC into high-quality porous carbon materials could be considered as a potential strategy for plastic waste recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Fangming Yang
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Mengbin Li
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Shaobo Wang
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chenggong Sun
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Zushi Y, Iwasaki S, Koga N. Physico-geometrical kinetics of the thermal dehydration of sodium carbonate monohydrate as a compacted composite of inorganic hydrate comprising crystalline particles and matrix. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15736-15748. [PMID: 35730487 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01948e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of the thermal dehydration of compacted composite grains of Na2CO3·H2O (SC-MH) comprising columnar SC-MH crystalline particles and an SC-MH matrix were investigated as a model system for composites of the same compound with a porphyritic texture. The presence of an induction period was confirmed as a novel finding for the thermal dehydration of SC-MH. The subsequent mass loss process was characterized as a partially overlapping two-step process attributed to the consecutive reactions of SC-MH matrix and columnar SC-MH crystalline particles. The overlapping nature of two reaction steps was revealed by determining the contributions and kinetic parameters of the individual reaction steps via a kinetic deconvolution analysis. Furthermore, the initial mass loss process caused by the thermal dehydration of the SC-MH matrix was characterized as a physico-geometrical consecutive process comprising a surface reaction and a subsequent three-dimensional (3D)-phase boundary-controlled reaction. The subsequent thermal dehydration of the columnar SC-MH crystalline particles compacted in the grains was characterized as being geometrically constrained by 3D-interface shrinkage, forming two reaction interfaces during the overlapping stage of the two reaction steps. It was expected from the kinetic results that the linear advancement rate of the second reaction interface was influenced by the water vapor produced at the reaction interface of the first reaction step. This caused the linear advancement rate of the second reaction interface to accelerate as the reaction proceeded due to contraction of the first reaction interface and completion of the first reaction step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Zushi
- Department of Science Education, Division of Educational Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
| | - Shun Iwasaki
- Department of Science Education, Division of Educational Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
| | - Nobuyoshi Koga
- Department of Science Education, Division of Educational Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
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Resentera AC, Perejón A, Esquivel MR, Pérez-Maqueda LA, Rodriguez MH. Thermal behavior of ammonium fluorosilicates complexes: Obtaining and kinetic analysis. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Koga N, Kikuchi S. Thermally Stimulated Liquid Na–CaCO3 Reaction: A Physicogeometrical Kinetic Approach toward the Safety Assessment of Na-Cooled Fast Reactors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Koga
- Department of Science Education, Division of Educational Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan
| | - Shin Kikuchi
- Fast Reactor Cycle System Research and Development Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 4002 Narita, Oarai, Higashi-Ibaraki 311-1393, Japan
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14
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Aoki Y, Koga N. Individual effects of atmospheric water vapor and carbon dioxide on the kinetics of the thermal decomposition of granular malachite. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:11039-11053. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00838f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of atmospheric water vapor and CO2 on the thermal decomposition of granular malachite as a model process for the thermal decomposition of large and compact...
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15
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Iwasaki S, Zushi Y, Koga N. Advanced kinetic approach to the multistep thermal dehydration of calcium sulfate dihydrate under different heating and water vapor conditions: kinetic deconvolution and universal isoconversional analyses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9492-9508. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00640e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to identify the kinetic features of individual reaction steps of the multistep thermal dehydration of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CS-DH) to anhydride via hemihydrate (CS-HH) intermediate by achieving...
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16
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Okazaki T, Hara M, Muravyev NV, Koga N. Thermally induced dehydration reactions of monosodium L-glutamate monohydrate: dehydration of solids accompanied by liquefaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:129-141. [PMID: 34901979 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04734e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the mechanistic features and kinetics of the thermal decomposition of solids accompanied by liquefaction as exemplified by the thermal dehydration reactions of monosodium L-glutamate monohydrate (MSG-MH). The thermal dehydration of MSG-MH occurs via two mass-loss processes comprising the elimination of crystalline water and intramolecular dehydration. Multistep kinetic behaviors and the liquefaction during both thermal dehydration processes were evidenced by systematic thermoanalytical measurements and in situ microscopic observations. During the thermal dehydration of crystalline water, the liquefaction of the surface product layer occurred midway through the reaction, and the subsequent reaction proceeded with a geometrical constraint, where the solid reactant was covered by a liquid surface layer, affording a solid anhydride. The intramolecular dehydration of the solid anhydride yielded a liquid product on the surface of the reacting particles, and the internal solid reactant dissolved in the liquid product. Subsequently, the intramolecular dehydration proceeded in the liquid phase to afford liquid sodium pyroglutamate. The net kinetic behavior of the physico-geometrical reaction steps in each thermal dehydration process was revealed using kinetic approaches based on cumulative and conjunct kinetic equations. The advanced kinetic approaches employed to reveal the specific kinetic features of the heterogeneous reaction processes in solid-liquid-gas systems are described in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Okazaki
- Department of Science Education, Division of Educational Sciences, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
| | - Masami Hara
- Department of Science Education, Division of Educational Sciences, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
| | - Nikita V Muravyev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nobuyoshi Koga
- Department of Science Education, Division of Educational Sciences, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
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Banerjee A, Vithusha T, Krishna BB, Kumar J, Bhaskar T, Ghosh D. Pyrolysis of de-oiled yeast biomass of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa IIPL32: Kinetics and thermodynamic parameters using thermogravimetric analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125534. [PMID: 34325397 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for natural resources has highlighted the need to search for unutilized carbon resource that satisfy the demand and pose a minor threat to the environment. Yeast is a microbe with large industrial applications, and the biomass leftover after fermentation needs utilization for achieving increased efficiency. De-oiled yeast biomass (DYB), the residue after yeast lipid extraction, has not yet been evaluated for its potential application in the pyrolysis process. The present study was performed to understand its detailed pyrolysis kinetics. The observed activation energy (87-216 KJ/mol), random nucleation mechanism, pre-exponential factor (7.87 × 1031-3.24 × 1031/min), and thermodynamic profile showed the DYB pyrolysis process to be feasible. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Banerjee
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19 Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India
| | - T Vithusha
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Bhavya B Krishna
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19 Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19 Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19 Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India
| | - Debashish Ghosh
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19 Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India.
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18
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Aoki Y, Yamamoto Y, Koga N. Thermal decomposition of spherically granulated malachite: physico-geometrical constraints and overall kinetics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15107-15118. [PMID: 34250996 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02519h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thermal decomposition of spherically granulated malachite particles was investigated to unveil the specific kinetic features of the reaction in samples in granular form toward the improvement of the thermal processing of malachite as a precursor of functional CuO. Granular malachite underwent thermal decomposition via a partially overlapping two-step mass loss process upon heating the sample in a stream of dry N2 gas. Morphologically, the process was characterized by swelling of the granular particles and cleavage divisions of the surface layer. The kinetics of the thermal decomposition was investigated through step-by-step kinetic analyses of the systematically recorded thermoanalytical curves. Finally, the kinetics of the component reaction steps was separately characterized by performing a kinetic deconvolution analysis. The first reaction step, which contributed approximately 25% to the overall reaction and followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, was attributed to the thermal decomposition of the granular particle surface. The as-produced surface product layer impeded the diffusional removal of the gaseous products, i.e., CO2 and water vapor, from the interior of the granular particles, which caused swelling of the granular particles owing to an increase in the internal gaseous pressure and the cleavage division of the surface product layer by crack formation. The second mass loss step occurred inside the granular particles under significant variations in the self-generated reaction conditions and geometrical constraints and reached its maximum rate midway through the reaction. Possible causes of the observed specific rate behavior are discussed from the viewpoint of physico-geometrical kinetics in the solid-gas system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Aoki
- Department of Science Education, Division of Educational Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
| | - Yui Yamamoto
- Department of Science Education, Division of Educational Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
| | - Nobuyoshi Koga
- Department of Science Education, Division of Educational Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
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19
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Tone T, Koga N. Thermally Induced Aragonite-Calcite Transformation in Freshwater Pearl: A Mutual Relation with the Thermal Dehydration of Included Water. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13904-13914. [PMID: 34095682 PMCID: PMC8173615 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the relationship between the aragonite-calcite (A-C) transformation and the thermal dehydration of included water in the biomineralized aragonite construction using freshwater pearl. These thermally induced processes occur in the same temperature region. The thermal dehydration of included water was characterized through thermoanalytical investigations as an overlapping of three dehydration steps. Each dehydration step was separated through kinetic deconvolution analysis, and the kinetic parameters were determined. A single-step behavior of the A-C transformation was evidenced using high-temperature X-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry for the heat-treated samples. The kinetics of the A-C transformation was analyzed using the conversion curves under isothermal and linear nonisothermal conditions. The A-C transformation occurred in the corresponding temperature region of the thermal dehydration, ranging from the second half of the second dehydration step to the first half of the third dehydration step. Because the thermal dehydration process is constrained by the contracting geometry kinetics, the movement of the thermal dehydration reaction interface can be a trigger for the A-C transformation. In this scheme, the overall kinetics of the A-C transformation in the biomineralized aragonite construction is regulated by a contracting geometry.
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20
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Perejón A, Sánchez-Jiménez PE, García-Garrido C, Pérez-Maqueda LA. Kinetic study of complex processes composed of non-independent stages: pyrolysis of natural rubber. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Cruz PPR, Silva LC, Fiuza‐Jr RA, Polli H. Thermal dehydrochlorination of pure PVC polymer: Part I—thermal degradation kinetics by thermogravimetric analysis. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Pimenta R. Cruz
- Grupo de Energia e Ciência de Materiais (GECIM), Departamento de Físico‐Química, Instituto de Química Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Campus Universitário de Ondina Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Leonardo Cerqueira Silva
- Grupo de Energia e Ciência de Materiais (GECIM), Departamento de Físico‐Química, Instituto de Química Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Campus Universitário de Ondina Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Raildo A. Fiuza‐Jr
- Laboratório de Catálise e Materiais (LABCAT) / Grupo de Pesquisa em Eletroquímica, Energia e Materiais (GPEEM), Departamento de Química Geral e Inorgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147 Campus Universitário de Ondina Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Humberto Polli
- Grupo de Energia e Ciência de Materiais (GECIM), Departamento de Físico‐Química, Instituto de Química Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Campus Universitário de Ondina Salvador Bahia Brazil
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22
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Jelić D. Thermal Stability of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Molecules 2021; 26:E238. [PMID: 33466393 PMCID: PMC7795217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion drug delivery systems (ASD DDS) were proved to be efficient for the enhancement of solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. One of the major keys for successful preparation of ASD is the selection of appropriate excipients, mostly polymers, which have a crucial role in improving drug solubility and its physical stability. Even though, excipients should be chemically inert, there is some evidence that polymers can affect the thermal stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). The thermal stability of a drug is closely related to the shelf-life of pharmaceutical products and therefore it is a matter of high pharmaceutical relevance. An overview of thermal stability of amorphous solids is provided in this paper. Evaluation of thermal stability of amorphous solid dispersion is perceived from the physicochemical perspective, from a kinetic (motions) and thermodynamic (energy) point of view, focusing on activation energy and fragility, as well all other relevant parameters for ASD design, with a glance on computational kinetic analysis of solid-state decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Jelić
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Banja Luka, dr Mladena Stojanovića 2a, 78 000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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23
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Iwasaki S, Koga N. Thermal dehydration of calcium sulfate dihydrate: physico-geometrical kinetic modeling and the influence of self-generated water vapor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22436-22450. [PMID: 32996506 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04195e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complex kinetic behaviors in the thermal dehydration of CaSO4·2H2O under varying water vapor pressure (p(H2O)) conditions impel researchers in the field of solid-state kinetics to gain a more comprehensive understanding. Both self-generated and atmospheric p(H2O) are responsible for determining the reaction pathways and the overall kinetic behaviors. This study focuses on the influence of the self-generated water vapor to obtain further insights into the complexity of the kinetic behaviors. The single-step mass-loss process under conditions generating a low p(H2O) was characterized kinetically by a physico-geometrical consecutive induction period, surface reaction, and phase boundary-controlled reaction, along with the evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the individual physico-geometrical reaction steps. Under the conditions in which more p(H2O) was generated, the overall reaction to form the anhydride was interpreted as a three-step process, comprising the initial reaction (direct dehydration to the anhydride) and a subsequent two-step reaction via the intermediate hemihydrate, which was caused by the variations in the self-generated p(H2O) conditions as the reaction advanced. The variations in the reaction pathways and kinetics behaviors under the self-generated p(H2O) conditions are discussed through a systematic kinetic analysis conducted using advanced kinetic approaches for the multistep process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Iwasaki
- Department of Science Education, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
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24
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Nonisothermal Kinetic Analysis and AC Conductivity for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)/Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanocomposite. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/1254301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of polyvinyl chlorine (PVC)/zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles was investigated. To improve the dispersion and distribution of zinc nanoparticles within the host polymer (PVC), they were treated with water before being added to the polymer. The nanocomposite samples were prepared by casting method using different weight ratios of ZnO nanoparticles. The prepared nanocomposite samples were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Both thermal stability and kinetic analysis of the prepared samples were investigated. The ZnO nanoparticles lower the activation energy and decrease the thermal stability of PVC. Kissinger, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose models were used in the nonisothermal kinetic analysis of PVC/ZnO nanocomposite samples. The thermal stability behavior due to the addition of zinc oxide nanoparticles was explained and correlated with the behavior of the kinetic parameters of the samples. The AC conductivity as function of frequency and temperature was also investigated. The addition of ZnO nanoparticle increases the AC conductivity, and the temperature-independent region decreased by increasing temperature. Both S and A coefficients were predicted using the Jonscher power law and OriginLab software. The trends of S and A coefficients were discussed based on the glass transition of the host polymer.
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25
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Kodani S, Iwasaki S, Favergeon L, Koga N. Revealing the effect of water vapor pressure on the kinetics of thermal decomposition of magnesium hydroxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:13637-13649. [PMID: 32519687 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00446d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to establish an advanced kinetic theory for reactions in solid state and solid-gas systems, achieving a universal kinetic description over a range of temperature and partial pressure of reactant or product gases. The thermal decomposition of Mg(OH)2 to MgO was selected as a model reaction system, and the effect of water vapor pressure p(H2O) on the kinetics was investigated via humidity controlled thermogravimetry. The reaction rate of the thermal decomposition process at a constant temperature was systematically decreased by increasing the p(H2O) value, accompanied by an increase in the sigmoidal feature of mass-loss curves. Under nonisothermal conditions at a given heating rate, mass-loss curves shifted systematically to higher temperatures depending on the p(H2O) value. The kinetic behavior under different temperature and p(H2O) conditions was universally analyzed by introducing an accommodation function (AF) of the form (P°/p(H2O))a[1 - (p(H2O)/Peq(T))b], where P° and Peq(T) are the standard and equilibrium pressures, respectively, into the fundamental kinetic equation. Two kinetic approaches were examined based on the isoconversional kinetic relationship and a physico-geometrical consecutive reaction model. In both the kinetic approaches, universal kinetic descriptions are achieved using the modified kinetic equation with the AF. The kinetic features of thermal decomposition are revealed by correlating the results from the two universal kinetic approaches. Furthermore, advanced features for the kinetic understanding of thermal decomposition of solids revealed by the universal kinetic descriptions are discussed by comparing the present kinetic results with those reported previously for the thermal decomposition of Ca(OH)2 and Cu(OH)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoki Kodani
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Science Education, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
| | - Shun Iwasaki
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Science Education, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
| | - Loïc Favergeon
- Mines Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5307 LGF, Centre Spin, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Nobuyoshi Koga
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Science Education, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
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27
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Zhang L, Zhu Y, Yin W, Guo B, Rao F, Ku J. Isothermal Coal-Based Reduction Kinetics of Fayalite in Copper Slag. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:8605-8612. [PMID: 32337423 PMCID: PMC7178331 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The coal-based reduction of fayalite was characterized using thermogravimetric (TG) and differential TG methods with reduction temperatures from 1123 to 1273 K. The results of fayalite isothermal reduction indicate that the reduction process is divided two stages. The corresponding apparent activation energy E was gained using the isoconversional and model-fitting methods. At the first stage, the effect of temperature on the reduction degree was not clear, and the phase boundary chemical reaction was the controlling step, with an apparent activation energy E value of 175.32-202.37 kJ·mol-1. At the second stage, when the temperature was more than 1123 K, the conversion degree and the reaction rate increased nonlinearly with increasing temperature, and two-dimensional diffusion, three-dimensional diffusion, one-dimensional diffusion, and phase boundary-controlled reaction were the controlling stages, with an apparent activation energy E ranging from 194.81 to 248.96 kJ·mol-1. For the whole reduction process, the average activation energy E and pre-exponential factor A were 185.07-225.67 kJ·mol-1 and 0.796-0.797 min-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- College of Zijin
Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yu Zhu
- College of Zijin
Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, PR China
| | - Wanzhong Yin
- College of Zijin
Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, PR China
- Fuzhou
University-Zijin Mining Group Joint Research Center for Comprehensive
Utilization of Mineral Resources, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
- School of Resources & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 11, Lane Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Bao Guo
- College of Zijin
Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, PR China
| | - Feng Rao
- College of Zijin
Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jiangang Ku
- College of Zijin
Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, PR China
- Fuzhou
University-Zijin Mining Group Joint Research Center for Comprehensive
Utilization of Mineral Resources, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
- . Phone: +86 0591 22865210. Fax: +86 0591 22865211
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28
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Wang Z, Xie T, Ning X, Liu Y, Wang J. Thermal degradation kinetics study of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheath for new and aged cables. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 99:146-153. [PMID: 31476639 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The thermal degradation dynamics of new and aged PVC sheaths was studied in detail. The results illustrated that compared to new PVC sheath, the onset decomposition of aged PVC sheath mainly happened at higher temperature with larger peak value of mass loss rate. Three model-free methods most commonly used were employed to estimate the activation energy values at different conversions. It was noted that the aged PVC sheath exhibited greater entire activation energy than new PVC sheath. Two thermal degradation regions were observed based on the activation energy variation with conversion. The threshold of conversion for two regions was 0.6 for new PVC sheath and 0.5 for aged PVC sheath. The possible reaction mechanism was predicted by generalized master-plots method. The reaction model corresponding to each region showed observed difference between new and aged PVC sheaths. The compensation effect was also used to calculate the related pre-exponential factor. The variation of thermal degradation behavior could be ascribed to the changes of chemical composition, molecular structure, composition proportion and various additives after thermal aging. Besides, the thermal degradation process was reconstructed by an ANN model and it indicated that the predicted data fitted well with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Tian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Xiaoyao Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yuchuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
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29
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Evaluation of the thermal stabilization behavior of hydrotalcite against organic stabilizers for plasticized PVC films. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Hajibeygi M, Jafarzadeh H. Effects of phosphorus-containing aromatic polyamide and organo-modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the thermal, combustion and mechanical properties of polyvinyl chloride. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02968-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Thermal Decomposition of Maya Blue: Extraction of Indigo Thermal Decomposition Steps from a Multistep Heterogeneous Reaction Using a Kinetic Deconvolution Analysis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132515. [PMID: 31324066 PMCID: PMC6651835 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Examining the kinetics of solids’ thermal decomposition with multiple overlapping steps is of growing interest in many fields, including materials science and engineering. Despite the difficulty of describing the kinetics for complex reaction processes constrained by physico-geometrical features, the kinetic deconvolution analysis (KDA) based on a cumulative kinetic equation is one practical method of obtaining the fundamental information needed to interpret detailed kinetic features. This article reports the application of KDA to thermal decomposition of clay minerals and indigo–clay mineral hybrid compounds, known as Maya blue, from ancient Mayan civilization. Maya blue samples were prepared by heating solid mixtures of indigo and clay minerals (palygorskite and sepiolite), followed by purification. The multistep thermal decomposition processes of the clay minerals and Maya blue samples were analyzed kinetically in a stepwise manner through preliminary kinetic analyses based on a conventional isoconversional method and mathematical peak deconvolution to finally attain the KDA. By comparing the results of KDA for the thermal decomposition processes of the clay minerals and the Maya blue samples, information about the thermal decomposition steps of the indigo incorporated into the Maya blue samples was extracted. The thermal stability of Maya blue samples was interpreted through the kinetic characterization of the extracted indigo decomposition steps.
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32
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The Use of POSS-Based Nanoadditives for Cable-Grade PVC: Effects on its Thermal Stability. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071105. [PMID: 31261966 PMCID: PMC6681030 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticized–Poly(vinyl chloride) (P-PVC) for cables and insulation requires performances related to outdoor, indoor and submarine contexts and reduction of noxious release of HCl-containing fumes in case of thermal degradation or fire. Introducing suitable nanomaterials in polymer-based nanocomposites can be an answer to this clue. In this work, an industry-compliant cable-grade P-PVC formulation was added with nanostructured materials belonging to the family of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS). The effects of the nanomaterials, alone and in synergy with HCl scavenging agents as zeolites and hydrotalcites, on the thermal stability and HCl evolution of P-PVC were deeply investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and reference ASTM methods. Moreover, hardness and mechanical properties were studied in order to highlight the effects of these additives in the perspective of final industrial uses. The data demonstrated relevant improvements in the thermal stability of the samples added with nanomaterials, already with concentrations of POSS down to 0.31 phr and interesting additive effects of POSS with zeolites and hydrotalcites for HCl release reduction without losing mechanical performances.
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Hadi AG, Yousif E, El-Hiti GA, Ahmed DS, Jawad K, Alotaibi MH, Hashim H. Long-Term Effect of Ultraviolet Irradiation on Poly(vinyl chloride) Films Containing Naproxen Diorganotin(IV) Complexes. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132396. [PMID: 31261834 PMCID: PMC6650850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) photodegrades with long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation, it is desirable to develop methods that enhance the photostability of PVC. In this study, new aromatic-rich diorganotin(IV) complexes were tested as photostabilizers in PVC films. The diorganotin(IV) complexes were synthesized in 79-86% yields by reacting excess naproxen with tin(IV) chlorides. PVC films containing 0.5 wt % diorganotin(IV) complexes were irradiated with ultraviolet light for up to 300 h, and changes within the films were monitored using the weight loss and the formation of specific functional groups (hydroxyl, carbonyl, and polyene). In addition, changes in the surface morphologies of the films were investigated. The diorganotin(IV) complexes enhanced the photostability of PVC, as the weight loss and surface roughness were much lower in the films with additives than in the blank film. Notably, the dimethyltin(IV) complex was the most efficient photostabilizer. The polymeric film containing this complex exhibited a morphology of regularly distributed hexagonal pores, with a honeycomb-like structure-possibly due to cross-linking and interactions between the additive and the polymeric chains. Various mechanisms, including direct absorption of ultraviolet irradiation, radical or hydrogen chloride scavenging, and polymer chain coordination, could explain how the diorganotin(IV) complexes stabilize PVC against photodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angham G Hadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Babylon University, Babil 51002, Iraq
| | - Emad Yousif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq.
| | - Gamal A El-Hiti
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dina S Ahmed
- Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering, Al-Mansour University College, Baghdad 64021, Iraq
| | - Khudheyer Jawad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Babylon University, Babil 51002, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Hayal Alotaibi
- National Center for Petrochemicals Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hassan Hashim
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq
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Muravyev NV, Pivkina AN, Koga N. Critical Appraisal of Kinetic Calculation Methods Applied to Overlapping Multistep Reactions. Molecules 2019; 24:E2298. [PMID: 31234317 PMCID: PMC6631284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal decomposition of solids often includes simultaneous occurrence of the overlapping processes with unequal contributions in a specific physical quantity variation during the overall reaction (e.g., the opposite effects of decomposition and evaporation on the caloric signal). Kinetic analysis for such reactions is not a straightforward, while the applicability of common kinetic calculation methods to the particular complex processes has to be justified. This study focused on the critical analysis of the available kinetic calculation methods applied to the mathematically simulated thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data. Comparing the calculated kinetic parameters with true kinetic parameters (used to simulate the thermoanalytical curves), some caveats in the application of the Kissinger, isoconversional Friedman, Vyazovkin and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods, mathematical and kinetic deconvolution approaches and formal kinetic description were highlighted. The model-fitting approach using simultaneously TG and DSC data was found to be the most useful for the complex processes assumed in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Muravyev
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nobuyoshi Koga
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Science Education, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
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35
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Dong S, Jia Y, Xu X, Luo J, Han J, Sun X. Crystallization and properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/layered double hydroxide nanocomposites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 539:54-64. [PMID: 30576988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) generally suffers from low crystallization rate and long molding duration, which as a result limit its application as engineering plastics. To overcome these drawbacks, series of PET/layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites were prepared by a solution blending process. The effect of metal composition (MgAl and CaAl) and organo-modification (stearic acid intercalated) for LDH fillers on the crystallization behavior of the nanocomposites was investigated. It was revealed that, compared with PET/CaAl-LDH, the PET/MgAl-LDH nanocomposite exhibits a higher crystallization temperature and faster crystallization rate, which is associated with the superior nucleation ability of MgAl-LDH. The nucleation mechanism of PET induced by LDHs was explored by means of Avrami equation and theory of Hoffman-Lauritzen, pointing out that the incorporation of LDHs reduce the free energy of nucleation and the fold surface free energy of PET. In order to improve the compatibility between LDH and PET, stearic acid (SA) intercalated MgAl-LDH was prepared and filled into PET matrix. The resultant PET/MgAl-LDH-SA shows a further enhanced crystallization temperature and accelerated crystallization rate, in comparison with PET/MgAl-LDH nanocomposites. In addition, the thermal stability, gas barrier and mechanical properties of PET/LDH composites were improved upon incorporation of LDH fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yingqi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xiaozhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jianeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jingbin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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36
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Hara D, Nishikawa K, Koga N. Characterization of Carbon/Carbon Composites by Kinetic Deconvolution Analysis for a Thermal Oxidation Process: An Examination Using a Series of Mechanical Pencil Leads. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Hara
- Department of Science Education, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nishikawa
- Department of Science Education, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Koga
- Department of Science Education, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan
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37
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Guan YW, Li J, Liu Y, Yan QL. Reaction kinetics and a physical model of the charring layer by depositing Al 2O 3 at ultra-high temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:24418-24426. [PMID: 30221294 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04169e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thermochemical ablation of insulation material caused by slag deposition in solid rocket motors has increasingly attracted researchers' attention. Understanding the ablation mechanism and the ability to calculate reaction kinetics parameters determine the height of the thermal protection design for advanced solid rocket motors. In this work, the interaction of the Al2O3-C system is determined through static ablation experiments. Using X-ray diffraction, HSC thermodynamic software, and a thermogravimetric analyser, the carbon thermal reduction of alumina is analysed and the reaction mechanism and physical model are obtained. Isothermal experiments at 1700-1850 °C and mathematical analysis provide the kinetic parameters of the overall and step-by-step reactions. The results show that the overall reaction of the Al2O3-C system involves three steps. The overall reaction kinetics are described by the contracting area model R2 with apparent activation and frequency factors estimated as 254.5 kJ mol-1 and 5.5 × 106 min-1, respectively. The distribution reaction kinetics of steps 1 and 2 are described by the first-order chemical reaction control model (F1) and that of step 3 is described by the one-dimensional diffusion control model (D1). The corresponding activation energies are 107.9 kJ mol-1, 240.3 kJ mol-1, and 567.5 kJ mol-1, and frequency factors are 625.94 min-1, 8.3 × 105 min-1, and 1.6 × 1014 min-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Guan
- Science and Technology on Combustion, Internal Flow, and Thermal-Structure Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China.
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38
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García-Garrido C, Pérez- Maqueda LA, Criado JM, Sánchez-Jiménez PE. Combined kinetic analysis of multistep processes of thermal decomposition of polydimethylsiloxane silicone. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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39
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Vyazovkin S. "Nothing Can Hide Itself from Thy Heat": Understanding Polymers via Unconventional Applications of Thermal Analysis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800334. [PMID: 30033550 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This article surveys some exciting possibilities and results offered by less common, yet essential applications of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The applications are concerned with the most commonly studied processes of the glass transition, crystallization, melting, polymerization, and degradation. Issues related to the glass transition include the non-Arrhenius temperature dependence and fragility, kinetic complexity of physical aging, evaluation of cooperatively rearranging regions, and rigid amorphous fraction. Discussion of crystallization covers separation of heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation, crystallization controlled by physical aging, and the use of isoconversional methods for determining the Hoffman-Lauritzen parameters. For melting, the role of reorganization and nucleation control is emphasized. For the thermal degradation and polymerization, advanced kinetic treatments as a way of obtaining mechanistic insights are discussed, and the possibility of studying both processes during continuous cooling is stressed. The possibility of using TGA for monitoring polycondensation is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Vyazovkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 S. 14th Street, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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40
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Koga N, Kameno N, Tsuboi Y, Fujiwara T, Nakano M, Nishikawa K, Iwasaki Murata A. Multistep thermal decomposition of granular sodium perborate tetrahydrate: a kinetic approach to complex reactions in solid-gas systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12557-12573. [PMID: 29693102 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01138a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article demonstrates a kinetic approach to partially overlapping multistep chemical reactions in solid-gas systems as exemplified by the thermal decomposition of granular sodium perborate tetrahydrate. This reaction proceeds via successive thermal dehydration and decomposition occurring at different temperatures to form sodium metaborate. Each reaction process comprises several kinetic steps originating from different physicochemical and physico-geometric phenomena. The partially overlapping multistep processes were characterized using available thermoanalytical techniques and microscopic observations. Conventional isoconversional kinetic analysis and empirical mathematical deconvolution were applied to each reaction process as preliminary kinetic approaches to extracting provable kinetic information. Then, each reaction process was analyzed kinetically based on a cumulative kinetic equation, i.e., kinetic deconvolution analysis. The results of the kinetic deconvolution analysis were further examined by comparison with other kinetic information for the specific kinetic steps obtained from different thermoanalytical measurements. From the results of this comprehensive kinetic approach, the kinetic features of the thermal dehydration and decomposition processes were revealed by identifying their contributing physicochemical and physico-geometric phenomena and evaluating their influences on the overall multistep processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Koga
- Department of Science Education, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8524, Japan.
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41
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Muravyev NV, Koga N, Meerov DB, Pivkina AN. Kinetic analysis of overlapping multistep thermal decomposition comprising exothermic and endothermic processes: thermolysis of ammonium dinitramide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:3254-3264. [PMID: 28083583 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on kinetic modeling of a specific type of multistep heterogeneous reaction comprising exothermic and endothermic reaction steps, as exemplified by the practical kinetic analysis of the experimental kinetic curves for the thermal decomposition of molten ammonium dinitramide (ADN). It is known that the thermal decomposition of ADN occurs as a consecutive two step mass-loss process comprising the decomposition of ADN and subsequent evaporation/decomposition of in situ generated ammonium nitrate. These reaction steps provide exothermic and endothermic contributions, respectively, to the overall thermal effect. The overall reaction process was deconvoluted into two reaction steps using simultaneously recorded thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) curves by considering the different physical meanings of the kinetic data derived from TG and DSC by P value analysis. The kinetic data thus separated into exothermic and endothermic reaction steps were kinetically characterized using kinetic computation methods including isoconversional method, combined kinetic analysis, and master plot method. The overall kinetic behavior was reproduced as the sum of the kinetic equations for each reaction step considering the contributions to the rate data derived from TG and DSC. During reproduction of the kinetic behavior, the kinetic parameters and contributions of each reaction step were optimized using kinetic deconvolution analysis. As a result, the thermal decomposition of ADN was successfully modeled as partially overlapping exothermic and endothermic reaction steps. The logic of the kinetic modeling was critically examined, and the practical usefulness of phenomenological modeling for the thermal decomposition of ADN was illustrated to demonstrate the validity of the methodology and its applicability to similar complex reaction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Muravyev
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nobuyoshi Koga
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Science Education, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8524, Japan
| | - Dmitry B Meerov
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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42
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Koga N. Physico-Geometric Approach to the Kinetics of Overlapping Solid-State Reactions. RECENT ADVANCES, TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64062-8.00012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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43
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Nisar J, Khan MS, Iqbal M, Shah A, Ali G, Sayed M, Khan RA, Shah F, Mahmood T. Thermal decomposition study of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of commercially available oxides catalysts. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Nisar
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry; University of Peshawar; Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sufaid Khan
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry; University of Peshawar; Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Munawar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Lahore; Lahore Pakistan
| | - Afzal Shah
- Department of Chemistry; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Ali
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry; University of Peshawar; Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Sayed
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry; University of Peshawar; Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology; Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Faheem Shah
- Department of Chemistry; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology; Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Nano Sciences and Catalysis Division; National Centre for Physics; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
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44
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Li M, Liang YD, Wu YX, Li KS. Synergistic effect of complexes of ethylenediamine double maleamic acid radical and lanthanum (III) with pentaerythritol on the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride). Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Vyazovkin S. Isoconversional Kinetics of Polymers: The Decade Past. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 38. [PMID: 28009078 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This article surveys the decade of progress accomplished in the application of isoconversional methods to thermally stimulated processes in polymers. The processes of interest include: crystallization and melting of polymers, gelation of polymer solutions and gel melting, denaturation (unfolding) of proteins, glass transition, polymerization and crosslinking (curing), and thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation. Special attention is paid to the kinetics of polymeric nanomaterials. The article discusses basic principles for understanding the variations in the activation energy and emphasizes the possibility of using models for linking such variations to the parameters of individual kinetic steps. It is stressed that many kinetic effects are not linked to a change in the activation energy alone and may arise from changes in the preexponential factor and reaction model. Also noted is that some isoconversional methods are inapplicable to processes taking place on cooling and cannot be used to study such processes as the melt crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Vyazovkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 S. 14th Street, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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46
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Li M, Zhang J, Xin J, Huang K, Li S, Wang M, Xia J. Design of green zinc-based thermal stabilizers derived from tung oil fatty acid and study of thermal stabilization for PVC. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF; Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Xiangshan Road, Beijing l00091; People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering; SFA; Nanjing 210042 People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory, Nanjing 210042; People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Composite Materials and Engineering Center; Washington State University; Pullman Washington 99164
| | - Junna Xin
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and Composite Materials and Engineering Center; Washington State University; Pullman Washington 99164
| | - Kun Huang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF; Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering; SFA; Nanjing 210042 People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory, Nanjing 210042; People's Republic of China
| | - Shouhai Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF; Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Xiangshan Road, Beijing l00091; People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering; SFA; Nanjing 210042 People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory, Nanjing 210042; People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF; Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
| | - Jianling Xia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF; Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Xiangshan Road, Beijing l00091; People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering; SFA; Nanjing 210042 People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory, Nanjing 210042; People's Republic of China
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47
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Thermal degradation of poly(lactic acid) oligomer: Reaction mechanism and multistep kinetic behavior. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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49
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Boughattas I, Ferry M, Dauvois V, Lamouroux C, Dannoux-Papin A, Leoni E, Balanzat E, Esnouf S. Thermal degradation of γ-irradiated PVC: I-dynamical experiments. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Yu J, Sun L, Ma C, Qiao Y, Yao H. Thermal degradation of PVC: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 48:300-314. [PMID: 26687228 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This review summarized various chemical recycling methods for PVC, such as pyrolysis, catalytic dechlorination and hydrothermal treatment, with a view to solving the problem of energy crisis and the impact of environmental degradation of PVC. Emphasis was paid on the recent progress on the pyrolysis of PVC, including co-pyrolysis of PVC with biomass/coal and other plastics, catalytic dechlorination of raw PVC or Cl-containing oil and hydrothermal treatment using subcritical and supercritical water. Understanding the advantage and disadvantage of these treatment methods can be beneficial for treating PVC properly. The dehydrochlorination of PVC mainly happed at low temperature of 250-320°C. The process of PVC dehydrochlorination can catalyze and accelerate the biomass pyrolysis. The intermediates from dehydrochlorination stage of PVC can increase char yield of co-pyrolysis of PVC with PP/PE/PS. For the catalytic degradation and dechlorination of PVC, metal oxides catalysts mainly acted as adsorbents for the evolved HCl or as inhibitors of HCl formation depending on their basicity, while zeolites and noble metal catalysts can produce lighter oil, depending the total number of acid sites and the number of accessible acidic sites. For hydrothermal treatment, PVC decomposed through three stages. In the first region (T<250°C), PVC went through dehydrochlorination to form polyene; in the second region (250°C<T<350°C), polyene decomposed to low-molecular weight compounds; in the third region (350°C<T), polyene further decomposed into a large amount of low-molecular weight compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lushi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Chuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
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