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Kheradmandkeysomi M, Salehi A, Jalali A, Omranpour H, Tafreshi OA, Naguib HE, Park CB. Enhancing Mechanical Performance of High-Density Polyethylene at Different Environmental Conditions with Outstanding Foamability through In-Situ Rubber Nanofibrillation: Exploring the Impact of Interface Modification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29291-29304. [PMID: 38776211 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we utilized in situ nanofibrillation of thermoplastic polyester ether elastomer (TPEE) within a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix to enhance the rheological properties, foamability, and mechanical characteristics of the HDPE nanocomposite at both room and subzero temperatures. Due to the inherent polarity differences between these two components, TPEE is thermodynamically incompatible with the nonpolar HDPE. To address this compatibility issue, we employed a compatibilizer, styrene/ethylene-butylene/styrene copolymer-grafted maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MA), to reduce the interfacial tension between the two blend components. In the initial step, we prepared a 10% masterbatch of HDPE/TPEE with and without the compatibilizer using a twin-screw extruder. Subsequently, we processed the 10% masterbatch further through spun bonding to create fiber-in-fiber composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a significant reduction in the spherical size of HDPE/TPEE particles following the inclusion of SEBS-g-MA, as well as a much smaller TPEE nanofiber size (approximately 60-70 nm for 5% TPEE). Moreover, extensional rheological testing revealed a notable enhancement in extensional rheological properties, with strain-hardening behavior being more pronounced in the compatibilized nanofibrillar composites compared to the noncompatibilized ones. SEM images of the foam structures depicted substantial improvement in the foamability of HDPE in terms of the cell size and density following the nanofibrillation process and the use of the compatibilizer. Ultimately, the in situ rubber fibrillation and enhancement of HDPE and TPEE interface using a compatibilizer led to increasing the HDPE ductility at room and subzero temperatures while maintaining its stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Kheradmandkeysomi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Amirmehdi Salehi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Amirjalal Jalali
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Hosseinali Omranpour
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Omid Aghababaei Tafreshi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Hani E Naguib
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Chul B Park
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
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2
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Hou X, Sitthisang S, Song B, Xu X, Jonhson W, Tan Y, Yodmuang S, He C. Entropically Toughened Robust Biodegradable Polymer Blends and Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2912-2920. [PMID: 38174974 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers and composites are promising candidates for biomedical implants in tissue engineering. However, state-of-the-art composite scaffolds suffer from a strength-toughness dilemma due to poor interfacial adhesion and filler dispersion. In this work, we propose a facile and scalable strategy to fabricate strong and tough biocomposite scaffolds through interfacial toughening. The immiscible biopolymer matrix is compatible by the direct incorporation of a third polymer. Densely entangled polymer chains lead to massive crazes and global shear yields under tension. Weak chemical interaction and high-shear melt processing create nanoscale dispersion of nanofillers within the matrix. The resultant ternary blends and composites exhibit an 11-fold increase in toughness without compromising stiffness and strength. At 70% porosity, three-dimensional (3D)-printed composite scaffolds demonstrate high compressive properties comparable to those of cancellous bones. In vitro cell culture on the scaffolds demonstrates not only good cell viability but also effective osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Our findings present a widely applicable strategy to develop high-performance biocomposite materials for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunan Hou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Sonthikan Sitthisang
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Bangjie Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Win Jonhson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Yonghao Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Supansa Yodmuang
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterial Engineering in Medical and Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Chaobin He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis 138635, Singapore
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3
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Mastalygina EE, Aleksanyan KV. Recent Approaches to the Plasticization of Poly(lactic Acid) (PLA) (A Review). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:87. [PMID: 38201752 PMCID: PMC10781029 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a polyester attracting growing interest every year in different application fields, such as packaging, cosmetics, food, medicine, etc. Despite its significant advantages, it has low elasticity that may hinder further development and a corresponding rise in volume of consumption. This review opens a discussion of basic approaches to PLA plasticization. These considerations include copolymerization and blending with flexible polymers, introducing oligomers and low-molecular additives, as well as structural modification. It was demonstrated that each approach has its advantages, such as simplicity and low cost, but with disadvantages, including complex processing and the need for additional reagents. According to the analysis of different approaches, it was concluded that the optimal option is the application of copolymers as the additives obtained via reactive mixing to PLA and its blends with other polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E. Mastalygina
- Scientific Laboratory “Advanced Composite Materials and Technologies”, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Ln., Moscow 117997, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Kristine V. Aleksanyan
- Engineering Center, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Ln., Moscow 117997, Russia
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin St, Moscow 119991, Russia
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4
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Ju Y, Qiao Z, Xiu H, Liu X, Fu Q, Bai H. Combined effects of matrix molecular weight and crystallinity on the impact toughness of PP/EPR blends: The role of chain entanglement. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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5
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Su C, Bi TT, Yang ZG. Failure Analysis of Abnormal Cracking of the Track Circuit Reader Antenna Baffle for High-Speed Trains. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:722. [PMID: 36676457 PMCID: PMC9861645 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The track circuit reader (TCR) is an important part of train control systems. This paper reports a failure of the TCR antenna baffle, which is used to prevent the TCR antenna from being struck by foreign objects. The designed service life of the baffle is 4.8 million kilometers, but serious cracking was found during routine maintenance after only 0.67 million kilometers of operation. In order to avoid the hidden danger brought by the incident to the safe operation of the train, it is necessary to conduct a complete failure analysis of the failed TCR antenna baffle. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation of the base material, cleaning agents, crack morphologies, etc., was carried out, and the failure environment of the antenna baffle was verified by experiment. The final results show that the environmental stress cracking is the root cause of the failed antenna baffle, and the multiple bubbles produced by the formed process of the antenna baffle are another important cause. According to the conclusions, the solutions to prevent the reoccurrence of such failures are proposed. After these solutions are adopted, the number of failed antenna baffles is greatly reduced, which fully proves the correctness of this analysis.
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Jani F, Sepahi A, Afzali SK, Houshmand Moayed S. Experimental study on the effect of molecular weight and chemical composition distribution on the mechanical response of high‐density polyethylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Jani
- Department of Research and Development Jam Petrochemical Company Asaluyeh Iran
| | - Abdolhannan Sepahi
- Department of Research and Development Jam Petrochemical Company Asaluyeh Iran
| | - Seyyed Kamal Afzali
- Department of Research and Development Jam Petrochemical Company Asaluyeh Iran
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7
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Shan W, Xiao K, Thomas EL. Influence of Entanglements on Ultrahigh Strain Rate Deformation of Polystyrene Microprojectiles. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Shan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Kailu Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Edwin L. Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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8
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Tiwari SN, Agnihotri PK. Effect of crumb rubber addition on the deformation and fracture behavior of ductile epoxy matrix. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhendu N. Tiwari
- Mechanics of Advanced Materials Laboratory (MAdMatLab), Department of Mechanical Engineering IIT Ropar Ropar India
| | - Prabhat K. Agnihotri
- Mechanics of Advanced Materials Laboratory (MAdMatLab), Department of Mechanical Engineering IIT Ropar Ropar India
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9
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Morphology and stress whitening in polypropylene at various strain rates. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Qin Y, Song W, Chen M, Litvinov V, Men Y. Chain Entanglements and Interlamellar Links in Isotactic Polybutene-1: The Effect of Condis Crystals and Crystallization Temperature. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, 130022 Changchun, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Song
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 14 North 3rd Ring East Road, 100000 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 14 North 3rd Ring East Road, 100000 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Victor Litvinov
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, 130022 Changchun, P. R. China
- V.Lit.Consult, Gozewijnstraat 4, 6191 WV Beek, The Netherlands
| | - Yongfeng Men
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, 130022 Changchun, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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11
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Hou X, Sun W, Liu Z, Liu S, Yeo JCC, Lu X, He C. Tailoring Crystalline Morphology via Entropy-Driven Miscibility: Toward Ultratough, Biodegradable, and Durable Polyhydroxybutyrate. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xunan Hou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575 Singapore
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575 Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhibang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575 Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575 Singapore
| | - Jayven Chee Chuan Yeo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Xuehong Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Chaobin He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575 Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, 138634 Singapore
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12
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Thuy M, Pedragosa-Rincón M, Niebergall U, Oehler H, Alig I, Böhning M. Environmental Stress Cracking of High-Density Polyethylene Applying Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122415. [PMID: 35745991 PMCID: PMC9228290 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The crack propagation rate of environmental stress cracking was studied on high-density polyethylene compact tension specimens under static loading. Selected environmental liquids are distilled water, 2 wt% aqueous Arkopal N100 solution, and two model liquid mixtures, one based on solvents and one on detergents, representing stress cracking test liquids for commercial crop protection products. The different surface tensions and solubilities, which affect the energetic facilitation of void nucleation and craze development, are studied. Crack growth in surface-active media is strongly accelerated as the solvents induce plasticization, followed by strong blunting significantly retarding both crack initiation and crack propagation. The crack propagation rate for static load as a function of the stress intensity factor within all environments is found to follow the Paris–Erdogan law. Scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surface highlight more pronounced structures with both extensive degrees of plasticization and reduced crack propagation rate, addressing the distinct creep behavior of fibrils. Additionally, the limitations of linear elastic fracture mechanisms for visco-elastic polymers exposed to environmental liquids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Thuy
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und—Prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany; (M.T.); (M.P.-R.); (U.N.)
| | - Miquel Pedragosa-Rincón
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und—Prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany; (M.T.); (M.P.-R.); (U.N.)
| | - Ute Niebergall
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und—Prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany; (M.T.); (M.P.-R.); (U.N.)
| | - Harald Oehler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, Research Division Plastics, Schlossgartenstraße 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany; (H.O.); (I.A.)
| | - Ingo Alig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, Research Division Plastics, Schlossgartenstraße 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany; (H.O.); (I.A.)
| | - Martin Böhning
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und—Prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany; (M.T.); (M.P.-R.); (U.N.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Qin Y, Litvinov V, Chassé W, Sun J, Men Y. Environmental stress cracking of polyethylene pipe: Changes in physical structures leading to failure. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Liu S, He Y, Qu JP. Manufacturing High-Performance Polylactide by Constructing 3D Network Crystalline Structure with Adding Self-Assembly Nucleator. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Jandaghian MH, Maddah Y, Sepahi A, Houshmandmoayed S, Nikzinat E, Masoori M, Afzali K, Rashedi R. Effects of polymerization parameters on the slow crack growth resistance and rheological properties of bimodal polyethylene resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Jandaghian
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
- Research and Development Center Jam Petrochemical Company Bushehr Iran
| | - Yasaman Maddah
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
- Research and Development Center Jam Petrochemical Company Bushehr Iran
| | | | | | - Ehsan Nikzinat
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
- Research and Development Center Jam Petrochemical Company Bushehr Iran
| | - Maryam Masoori
- Research and Development Center Jam Petrochemical Company Bushehr Iran
| | - Kamal Afzali
- Research and Development Center Jam Petrochemical Company Bushehr Iran
| | - Reza Rashedi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
- Research and Development Center Jam Petrochemical Company Bushehr Iran
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16
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Messiha M, Frank A, Arbeiter F, Pinter G. On the slow crack growth process and associated structure–property relationships in polyamide 12 grades. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Li X, Fan J, Chen Y, Xie X, Liu C, Yin Y, Kou J, Wu L, Chen Z. The structure and performance study of PP random impact resistance copolymer. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Guo N, Zhao M, Li S, Hao J, Wu Z, Zhang C. Stereocomplexation Reinforced High Strength Poly(L-lactide)/Nanohydroxyapatite Composites for Potential Bone Repair Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030645. [PMID: 35160634 PMCID: PMC8915188 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Composite materials composed of polylactide (PLA) and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) have been recognized as excellent candidate material in bone repai The difference in hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity and poor interfacial compatibility between n-HA filler and PLA matrix leads to non-uniform dispersion of n-HA in PLA matrix and consequent poor reinforcement effect. In this study, an HA/PLA nanocomposite was designed based on the surface modification of n-HA with poly(D-lactide) (PDLA), which not only can improve the dispersion of n-HA in the poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) matrix but also could form a stereocomplex crystal with the matrix PLLA at the interface and ultimately lead to greatly enhanced mechanical performance The n-HA/PLA composites were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction, thermal gravity analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and a mechanical test; in vitro cytotoxicity of the composite material as well as its efficacy in inducing osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (rMSCs) were also evaluated. Compared with those of neat PLLA, the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, interfacial shear strength, elongation at break and crystallinity of the composites increased by 34%, 53%, 26%, 70%, and 17%, respectively. The adhesion and proliferation as well as the osteogenic differentiation of rMSCs on HA/PLA composites were clearly evidenced. Therefore, the HA/PLA composites have great potential for bone repai.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhaoying Wu
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (C.Z.); Tel.: +86-20-39332145 (Z.W. & C.Z.)
| | - Chao Zhang
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (C.Z.); Tel.: +86-20-39332145 (Z.W. & C.Z.)
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19
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Osmotic Tablet Coatings: Drying Stress, Mechanical Properties and Microstructure. Int J Pharm 2022; 617:121611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Wang J, in ’t Veld PJ, Robbins MO, Ge T. Effects of Coarse-Graining on Molecular Simulation of Craze Formation in Polymer Glass. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuling Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | | | - Mark O. Robbins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Ting Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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21
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Farahani MF, Bagheri R. A new look at tensile yielding in isotactic polypropylene: role of strain rate and thermal softening. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03997-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Macromolecular Insights into the Altered Mechanical Deformation Mechanisms of Non-Polyolefin Contaminated Polyolefins. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020239. [PMID: 35054644 PMCID: PMC8779932 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Current recycling technologies rarely achieve 100% pure plastic fractions from a single polymer type. Often, sorted bales marked as containing a single polymer type in fact contain small amounts of other polymers as contaminants. Inevitably, this will affect the properties of the recycled plastic. This work focuses on understanding the changes in tensile deformation mechanism and the related mechanical properties of the four dominant types of polyolefin (PO) (linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP)), contaminated with three different non-polyolefin (NPO) polymers (polyamide-6 (PA-6), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS)). Under the locally elevated stress state induced by the NPO phase, the weak interfacial adhesion typically provokes decohesion. The resulting microvoids, in turn, initiate shear yielding of the PO matrix. LLDPE, due to the linear structure and intercrystalline links, is well able to maintain high ductility when contaminated. LDPE shows deformation similar to the pure material, but with decreasing ductility as the amount of NPO increases. Addition of 20 wt% PA-6, PET, and PS causes a drop in strain at break of 79%, 63%, and 84%, respectively. The typical ductile necking of the high-crystalline HDPE and PP is strongly disturbed by the NPO phase, with a transition even to full brittle failure at high NPO concentration.
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23
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Messiha M, Frank A, Arbeiter F, Pinter G. How hydrogen bonds influence the slow crack growth resistance of polyamide 12. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Cerpentier RR, van Vliet T, Pastukhov LV, van Drongelen M, Boerakker MJ, Tervoort TA, Govaert LE. Fatigue-Crack Propagation of High-Density Polyethylene Homopolymers: Influence of Molecular Weight Distribution and Temperature. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin R.J. Cerpentier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tim van Vliet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Leonid V. Pastukhov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van Drongelen
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, P.O.Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J. Boerakker
- SABIC, Technology Centre Geleen, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo A. Tervoort
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, HCI H513 Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Leon E. Govaert
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, P.O.Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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25
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Cerpentier RRJ, Boerakker MJ, Tervoort TA, Drongelen M, Govaert LE. Influence of electron‐beam irradiation on plasticity‐controlled and crack‐growth‐controlled failure in high‐density polyethylene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin R. J. Cerpentier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Martin Drongelen
- Faculty of Engineering Technology University of Twente Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Leon E. Govaert
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
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26
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Arzhakova OV, Nazarov AI, Solovei AR, Dolgova AA, Kopnov AY, Chaplygin DK, Tyubaeva PM, Yarysheva AY. Mesoporous Membrane Materials Based on Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene: From Synthesis to Applied Aspects. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110834. [PMID: 34832063 PMCID: PMC8624307 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of new porous polymeric materials with nanoscale pore dimensions and controlled morphology presents a challenging problem of modern materials and membrane science, which should be based on scientifically justified approaches with the emphasis on ecological issues. This work offers a facile and sustainable strategy allowing preparation of porous nanostructured materials based on ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) via the mechanism of environmental intercrystallite crazing and their detailed characterization by diverse physicochemical methods, including SEM, TEM, AFM, liquid and gas permeability, DSC, etc. The resultant porous UHMWPE materials are characterized by high porosity (up to ~45%), pore interconnectivity, nanoscale pore dimensions (below 10 nm), high water vapor permeability [1700 g/(m2 × day)] and high gas permeability (the Gurley number ~300 s), selectivity, and good mechanical properties. The applied benefits of the advanced UHMWPE mesoporous materials as efficient membranes, breathable, waterproof, and insulating materials, light-weight materials with reduced density, gas capture and storage systems, porous substrates and scaffolds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Arzhakova
- Faculty of Chtmistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.N.); (A.R.S.); (A.A.D.); (A.Y.K.); (D.K.C.); (A.Y.Y.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrei I. Nazarov
- Faculty of Chtmistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.N.); (A.R.S.); (A.A.D.); (A.Y.K.); (D.K.C.); (A.Y.Y.)
| | - Arina R. Solovei
- Faculty of Chtmistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.N.); (A.R.S.); (A.A.D.); (A.Y.K.); (D.K.C.); (A.Y.Y.)
| | - Alla A. Dolgova
- Faculty of Chtmistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.N.); (A.R.S.); (A.A.D.); (A.Y.K.); (D.K.C.); (A.Y.Y.)
| | - Aleksandr Yu. Kopnov
- Faculty of Chtmistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.N.); (A.R.S.); (A.A.D.); (A.Y.K.); (D.K.C.); (A.Y.Y.)
| | - Denis K. Chaplygin
- Faculty of Chtmistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.N.); (A.R.S.); (A.A.D.); (A.Y.K.); (D.K.C.); (A.Y.Y.)
| | - Polina M. Tyubaeva
- Chemistry of Innovative Materials and Technologies, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanny Lane 36, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alena Yu. Yarysheva
- Faculty of Chtmistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.N.); (A.R.S.); (A.A.D.); (A.Y.K.); (D.K.C.); (A.Y.Y.)
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27
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Messiha M, Frank A, Heimink J, Arbeiter F, Pinter G. Structure-Property Relationships of Polyamide 12 Grades Exposed to Rapid Crack Extension. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195899. [PMID: 34640296 PMCID: PMC8510432 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thermoplastic materials have established a reputation for long-term reliability in low-pressure gas and water distribution pipe systems. However, occasional Slow Crack Growth (SCG) and Rapid Crack Propagation (RCP) failures still occur. SCG may initiate only a small leak, but it has the potential to trigger RCP, which is much rarer but more catastrophic and destructive. RCP can create a long, straight or meandering axial crack path at speeds of up to hundreds of meters per second. It is driven by internal (residual) and external (pressure) loads and resisted by molecular and morphological characteristics of the polymer. The safe installation and operation of a pipe throughout its service lifetime therefore requires knowledge of its resistance to RCP, particularly when using new materials. In this context, the RCP resistance of five different polyamide (PA) 12 grades was investigated using the ISO 13477 Small-Scale Steady State (S4) test. Since these grades differed not only in molecular weight but also in their use of additives (impact modifiers and pigments), structure-property relationships could be deduced from S4 test results. A new method is proposed for correlating these results more efficiently to evaluate each grade using the crack arrest lengths from individual S4 test specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan Heimink
- Evonik Operations GmbH, 45772 Marl, Germany;
| | - Florian Arbeiter
- Department Polymer Engineering and Science, Montanuniversitaet, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (F.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Gerald Pinter
- Department Polymer Engineering and Science, Montanuniversitaet, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (F.A.); (G.P.)
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28
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Wong PY, Takeno A, Takahashi S, Phang SW, Baharum A. Crazing Effect on the Bio-Based Conducting Polymer Film. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3425. [PMID: 34641240 PMCID: PMC8512443 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodegradability problem of polymer waste is one of the fatal pollutFions to the environment. Enzymes play an essential role in increasing the biodegradability of polymers. In a previous study, antistatic polymer film based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a matrix and polyaniline (PAni) as a conductive filler, was prepared. To solve the problem of polymer wastes pollution, a crazing technique was applied to the prepared polymer film (PLA/PAni) to enhance the action of enzymes in the biodegradation of polymer. This research studied the biodegradation test based on crazed and non-crazed PLA/PAni films by enzymes. The presence of crazes in PLA/PAni film was evaluated using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical microscope displayed the crazed in the lamellae form, while the SEM image revealed microcracks in the fibrils form. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of the crazed PLA/PAni film was recorded as 19.25 MPa, which is almost comparable to the original PLA/PAni film with a tensile strength of 20.02 MPa. However, the Young modulus decreased progressively from 1113 MPa for PLA/PAni to 651 MPa for crazed PLA/PAni film, while the tensile strain increased 150% after crazing. The significant decrement in the Young modulus and increment in the tensile strain was due to the craze propagation. The entanglement was reduced and the chain mobility along the polymer chain increased, thus leading to lower resistance to deformation of the polymer chain and becoming more flexible. The presence of crazes in PLA/PAni film showed a substantial change in weight loss with increasing the time of degradation. The weight loss of crazed PLA/PAni film increased to 42%, higher than that of non-crazed PLA/PAni film with only 31%. The nucleation of crazes increases the fragmentation and depolymerization of PLA/PAni film that induced microbial attack and led to higher weight loss. In conclusion, the presence of crazes in PLA/PAni film significantly improved enzymes' action, speeding up the polymer film's biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Wong
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Akiyoshi Takeno
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (A.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Shinya Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (A.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Sook-Wai Phang
- Department of Physical Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Jalan Genting Kelang, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Baharum
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Polymer Research Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuling Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Ting Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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30
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Sen BO, Cetin S, Yahşi U, Soykan U. Role of free volume in mechanical behaviors of side chain lcp grafted products of high density polyethylene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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A Morphology-Based Model to Describe the Low-Temperature Impact Behaviour of Rubber-Toughened Polypropylene. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132218. [PMID: 34279361 PMCID: PMC8271767 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of the rubber particle size, the rubber particle size distribution and the constitutive behaviour of the isotactic polypropylene matrix have been studied by combining the Lazerri–Bucknall energy criterion for cavitation with the Van der Sanden–Meier–Tervoort ligament model adapted for impact conditions. It is concluded that an optimised morphology offers great potential to achieve enhanced mechanical properties with far less rubber and hence achieve a superior stiffness/toughness/processing balance.
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32
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Evaluation of the damaging effect of crop protection formulations on high density polyethylene using the Full Notch Creep Test. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Christakopoulos F, Bersenev E, Grigorian S, Brem A, Ivanov DA, Tervoort TA, Litvinov V. Melting-Induced Evolution of Morphology, Entanglement Density, and Ultradrawability of Solution-Crystallized Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fotis Christakopoulos
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Egor Bersenev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Souren Grigorian
- Institute of Physics, University of Siegen, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - André Brem
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse-IS2M, CNRS UMR 7361, F-68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Theo A. Tervoort
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Victor Litvinov
- V.Lit.Consult, Gozewijnstraat 4, 6191WV Beek, The Netherlands
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34
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Garcia PS, Lima JA, Scuracchio CH, Cruz SA. The effect of adding devulcanized rubber on the thermomechanical properties of recycled polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Sierra Garcia
- Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Science (CECS) Federal University of ABC Santo André São Paulo Brazil
| | - Juliana Aristéia Lima
- Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Science (CECS) Federal University of ABC Santo André São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Andrea Cruz
- Chemistry Department Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
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35
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The Tensile Behaviour of Highly Filled High-Density Polyethylene Quaternary Composites: Weld-Line Effects, DIC Curiosities and Shifted Deformation Mechanisms. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040527. [PMID: 33579039 PMCID: PMC7916787 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactive effects between additives and weld lines, which are frequent injection-moulding defects, were studied in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and compared to weld-line-free reference samples. These materials were formulated around a D- and I-optimal experimental design, based on a quadratic Scheffé polynomial model, with up to 60 wt% calcium carbonate, masterbatched carbon black and a stabiliser package. Where reasonable and appropriate, the behaviours of the systems were modelled using statistical techniques, for a better understanding of the underlying trends. The characterisations were performed through the use of conventional tensile testing, digital image correlation (DIC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A range of complex interactive effects were found during conventional tensile testing, with DIC used to better understand and explain these effects. SEM is used to better understand the failure mechanics of some of these systems through fractography, particularly regarding particle effects. A measure is introduced to quantify the deviation of the pre-yield deformation curve from the ideal elastic case. Novel analysis of DIC results is proposed, through the use of combined time-series plots and measures quantifying the extent and localisation of peak deformation. Through this, it could be found that strong shifts in the deformation mechanisms occur as a function of formulation and the presence/absence of weld lines. Primarily, changes are noted in the onset of continuous inter- and intralamellar slip and cavitation/fibrillation, seen through the onset of localised deformation and stress-whitening.
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36
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Zhou H, Song Z, Cai S. Toughening of poly(lactide acid) with low crystallinity through biaxial poststretching. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego California USA
| | - Zhaoqiang Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego California USA
| | - Shengqiang Cai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego California USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego California USA
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37
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McCutcheon CJ, Zhao B, Jin K, Bates FS, Ellison CJ. Crazing Mechanism and Physical Aging of Poly(lactide) Toughened with Poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(butylene oxide) Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. McCutcheon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Boran Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kailong Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J. Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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38
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Understanding the brittle-ductile transition of glass polymer on mesoscopic scale by in-situ small angle X-ray scattering. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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Application of short-term methods to estimate the environmental stress cracking resistance of recycled HDPE. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEnvironmental stress cracking is a serious problem for polyethylene because it can cause failure without any visible warning due to the slow crack growth accelerated by aggressive agents. Tie molecules and entanglements are the main macromolecular characteristic increasing environmental stress cracking resistance, thus in this work mechanical and thermal properties governed by those macromolecular characteristics are determined by performing simple tests executable in the industrial laboratories for quality control on recycled high-density polyethylene. The mutual relation between the determined properties confirms their dependence on the investigated macromolecular characteristics and allows to predict in a comparative way the expected environmental stress cracking. The mechanical properties related to the environmental stress cracking resistance are the strain hardening modulus and the natural draw ratio. The strain hardening modulus is an intrinsic property that measure the disentanglement capability of the inter-lamellar links and the natural draw ratio is a highly sensitive parameter to the macromolecular network strength via the intercrystalline tie molecules. Since the measurement of these properties according to the standard ISO 18,488 requires a temperature chamber not often available in the industrial laboratories, the tensile test was performed also at room temperature and displacement rate 0.5 mm/min; a proportionality between the data obtained at different test condition emerged. The thermal property related to the environmental stress cracking resistance is the stepwise isothermal segregation ratio that state the chain fraction that generates a high rate of tie molecules responsible of environmental stress cracking resistance.
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40
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Gloger D, Rossegger E, Gahleitner M, Wagner C. Plastic drawing response in the biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) process: polymer structure and film casting effects. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2019-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractProcessing isotactic polypropylene (iPP) from cast film into biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) involves plastic drawing of a semi-crystalline morphology in the melting range of iPP, where the crystal phase is reduced and the polymer has high mobility. The literature claims that plastic drawing in general and at elevated temperatures in particular depends predominantly on the structure of the amorphous entanglement network. We investigated this aspect using laboratory-scale biaxial drawing experiments. Three iPP homopolymer types differing in chain isotacticity and molecular weight distribution were extruded into 200-μm-thick primary sheets using 10 different extrusion settings. The sheets were biaxially drawn on a laboratory stretcher at 157°C and 160°C, recording the respective stress-strain curves. These curves were evaluated according to a rubber elasticity model to obtain the network modulus, GN, of the entanglement network. The effects of iPP type, the extrusion parameters, the resulting cast film properties, and the draw temperature on GN are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Gloger
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Innovation Headquarters, Sankt-Peter-Straße 25, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Rossegger
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Innovation Headquarters, Sankt-Peter-Straße 25, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Markus Gahleitner
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Innovation Headquarters, Sankt-Peter-Straße 25, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Christina Wagner
- Brückner Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG, Königsberger Str. 5-7, 83313 Siegsdorf, Germany
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41
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Messiha M, Frank A, Koch T, Arbeiter F, Pinter G. Effect of polyethylene and polypropylene cross-contamination on slow crack growth resistance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2020.1833143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Messiha
- Polymer Pipe Research, Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Leoben, Austria
| | - Andreas Frank
- Polymer Pipe Research, Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Leoben, Austria
| | - Thomas Koch
- Department for Materials Science and Technology, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Arbeiter
- Department of Materials Science and Testing of Plastics, Montanuniversitaet, Leoben, Austria
| | - Gerald Pinter
- Department of Materials Science and Testing of Plastics, Montanuniversitaet, Leoben, Austria
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42
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Liu S, Wang K, Zhang Z, Ren Y, Chen L, Sun X, Liang W. Effects of
ethylene‐octene copolymer (POE)
on the brittle to ductile transition of
high‐density polyethylene
/
POE
blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuncheng Liu
- Institute of Plastics Machinery and Engineering College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Kejian Wang
- Institute of Plastics Machinery and Engineering College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Institute of Plastics Machinery and Engineering College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Yueqing Ren
- Advanced Materials and Analysis Center National Institute of Clean and Low‐Carbon Energy Beijing China
| | - Lanlan Chen
- Advanced Materials and Analysis Center National Institute of Clean and Low‐Carbon Energy Beijing China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Advanced Materials and Analysis Center National Institute of Clean and Low‐Carbon Energy Beijing China
| | - Wenbin Liang
- Advanced Materials and Analysis Center National Institute of Clean and Low‐Carbon Energy Beijing China
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43
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Seguela R. Overview and critical survey of polyamide6 structural habits: Misconceptions and controversies. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Seguela
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique MATEIS, INSA de Lyon, CNRS ‐ UMR 5510, Université de Lyon, Campus LyonTech La Doua Villeurbanne France
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44
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Tang Z, Fujimoto K, Okazaki S. All-atom molecular dynamics study of impact fracture of glassy polymers. II: Microscopic origins of stresses in elasticity, yielding, and strain hardening. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Velez NR, Allen FI, Jones MA, Govindjee S, Meyers GF, Minor AM. Extreme Ductility in Freestanding Polystyrene Thin Films. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Velez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, LBNL, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Frances I. Allen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, LBNL, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mary Ann Jones
- Core R&D—Analytical Sciences, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48667, United States
| | - Sanjay Govindjee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gregory F. Meyers
- Core R&D—Analytical Sciences, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48667, United States
| | - Andrew M. Minor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, LBNL, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Parts Fabricated with Ultrasonic Micro Injection Molding Process Using Polypropylene Recycled Material. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092033. [PMID: 32906722 PMCID: PMC7569819 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This research focuses on investigating how physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) recycled material are modified when ultrasonic micro injection molding (UMIM) technology is used to produce material specimens. Experimental characterization by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and rheology tests show that the fabricated PP samples were able to withstand up to five times recycled processing before some signs of mechanical and physical properties degradation are observed. Surprisingly, uniaxial extension tests show an increase of 3.07%, 10.97% and 27.33% for Young’s modulus, yield stress and ultimate stress values, respectively, and a slight reduction of 1.29% for the samples elongation at break when compared to the experimental data collected from virgin material samples. The improvement of these mechanical properties in the recycled samples suggests that ultrasonic microinjection produces a mechano-chemical material change.
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Litvinov V, Deblieck R, Clair C, Van den fonteyne W, Lallam A, Kleppinger R, Ivanov DA, Ries ME, Boerakker M. Molecular Structure, Phase Composition, Melting Behavior, and Chain Entanglements in the Amorphous Phase of High-Density Polyethylenes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Litvinov
- V.Lit.Consult, Gozewijnstraat 4, 6191WV Beek, The Netherlands
| | - Rudy Deblieck
- SABIC, Technology and Innovation, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
- DSM Materials Science Center B.V., 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Clair
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textiles, F-68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | | | - Abdelaziz Lallam
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textiles, F-68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Ralf Kleppinger
- SABIC, Technology and Innovation, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
- DSM Materials Science Center B.V., 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse-IS2M, CNRS UMR 7361, F-68057 Mulhouse, France
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Michael E. Ries
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Mark Boerakker
- SABIC, Technology and Innovation, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
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48
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Razavi M, Cheng S, Huang D, Zhang S, Wang SQ. Crazing and yielding in glassy polymers of high molecular weight. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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49
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Torres FG, Saavedra AC. A comparison between the failure modes observed in biological and synthetic polymer nanocomposites. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2019.1625397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. G. Torres
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (Lima 32 Perú), Lima, Perú
| | - A. C. Saavedra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (Lima 32 Perú), Lima, Perú
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50
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Byrne N, De Silva R, Hilditch T. Linking Antioxidant Depletion with Material Properties for Polyethylene Pipes Resins. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nolene Byrne
- Institute for Frontier MaterialsDeakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216 Australia
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built EnvironmentDeakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216 Australia
| | - Rasike De Silva
- Institute for Frontier MaterialsDeakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216 Australia
| | - Tim Hilditch
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built EnvironmentDeakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216 Australia
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