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Agrawal R, Jurel P, Deshmukh R, Harwansh RK, Garg A, Kumar A, Singh S, Guru A, Kumar A, Kumarasamy V. Emerging Trends in the Treatment of Skin Disorders by Herbal Drugs: Traditional and Nanotechnological Approach. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:869. [PMID: 39065566 PMCID: PMC11279890 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the earliest days, people have been employing herbal treatments extensively around the world. The development of phytochemical and phytopharmacological sciences has made it possible to understand the chemical composition and biological properties of a number of medicinal plant products. Due to certain challenges like large molecular weight and low bioavailability, some components of herbal extracts are not utilized for therapeutic purposes. It has been suggested that herbal medicine and nanotechnology can be combined to enhance the benefits of plant extracts by lowering dosage requirements and adverse effects and increasing therapeutic activity. Using nanotechnology, the active ingredient can be delivered in an adequate concentration and transported to the targeted site of action. Conventional therapy does not fulfill these requirements. This review focuses on different skin diseases and nanotechnology-based herbal medicines that have been utilized to treat them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutvi Agrawal
- Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (R.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Priyanka Jurel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.J.); (R.D.); (R.K.H.)
| | - Rohitas Deshmukh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.J.); (R.D.); (R.K.H.)
| | - Ranjit Kumar Harwansh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.J.); (R.D.); (R.K.H.)
| | - Akash Garg
- Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (R.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Ashwini Kumar
- Research and Development Cell, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad 121003, Haryana, India;
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Arun Kumar
- School of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Arbune M, Padurariu-Covit MD, Tiutiuca C, Mihailov R, Niculet E, Arbune AA, Tatu AL. Unusual Localization of AIDS-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma in a Heterosexual Male during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Report. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:47. [PMID: 38393136 PMCID: PMC10892696 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma is an AIDS-defining illness and remains the most frequent tumor arising in HIV-infected patients with multifactorial etiology. We present a case of a 30-year-old Caucasian male with an 18-year history of HIV infection. The patient was presented with a one-week history of fever, non-productive cough, and skin lesions. There was an associated weakness and weight loss in a duration of 6 months. Clinical examination showed fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, lower limb edema, ascites, and violaceous cutaneous eruption comprising patches, plaques, and nodules. He also had a red nodule on the left conjunctiva, as well as on his oral mucosa. His CD4+ count was below 10/mm3 and ARN-HIV viral load was above 100,000 c/mL, in relation to the antiretroviral failure after five drug regimens. The role of co-infections in oncogenesis and the course of Kaposi's sarcoma were considered in recent studies. Delayed diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma in the present case resulted in a negative impact for this patient during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Arbune
- Medical Clinic Department, Dunarea de Jos University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.A.); (A.-L.T.)
- Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania
| | - Monica-Daniela Padurariu-Covit
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunarea de Jos University, 800008 Galati, Romania
- Hematology Department, Sf. Apostol Andrei Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania
| | - Carmen Tiutiuca
- Surgery Clinic Department, Dunarea de Jos University, 800578 Galati, Romania; (C.T.); (R.M.)
- Ophthalmology Department, Sf. Apostol Andrei Emergency County Hospital, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Raul Mihailov
- Surgery Clinic Department, Dunarea de Jos University, 800578 Galati, Romania; (C.T.); (R.M.)
- General Surgery Department, Sf. Apostol Andrei Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania
| | - Elena Niculet
- Morphological and Functional Sciences Department, Dunarea de Jos University, 800008 Galati, Romania;
- Pathology Department, Sf. Apostol Andrei Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania
- Multidisciplinary Integrated Center for Dermatological Interface Research, 800010 Galati, Romania;
| | - Anca-Adriana Arbune
- Multidisciplinary Integrated Center for Dermatological Interface Research, 800010 Galati, Romania;
- Neurology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 077086 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alin-Laurentiu Tatu
- Medical Clinic Department, Dunarea de Jos University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (M.A.); (A.-L.T.)
- Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania
- Multidisciplinary Integrated Center for Dermatological Interface Research, 800010 Galati, Romania;
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Leung AKC, Lam JM, Barankin B, Leong KF, Hon KL. Erythema Infectiosum: A Narrative Review. Curr Pediatr Rev 2024; 20:462-471. [PMID: 37132144 DOI: 10.2174/1573396320666230428104619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythema infectiosum occurs worldwide. School-aged children are most often affected. Since the diagnosis is mainly clinical, physicians should be well-versed in the clinical manifestations of erythema infectiosum to avoid misdiagnosis, unnecessary investigations, and mismanagement of the disease. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article is to familiarize physicians with the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and complications of erythema infectiosum associated with parvovirus B19 infection. METHODS A search was conducted in July 2022 in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key terms "Erythema infectiosum" OR "Fifth disease" OR "Slapped cheek disease" OR "Parvovirus B19". The search strategy included all clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews published within the past 10 years. Only papers published in the English literature were included in this review. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article. RESULTS Erythema infectiosum is a common exanthematous illness of childhood caused by parvovirus B19. Parvovirus B19 spreads mainly by respiratory tract secretions and, to a lesser extent, the saliva of infected individuals. Children between 4 and 10 years of age are most often affected. The incubation period is usually 4 to 14 days. Prodromal symptoms are usually mild and consist of lowgrade fever, headache, malaise, and myalgia. The rash typically evolves in 3 stages. The initial stage is an erythematous rash on the cheeks, with a characteristic "slapped cheek" appearance. In the second stage, the rash spreads concurrently or quickly to the trunk, extremities, and buttocks as diffuse macular erythema. The rash tends to be more intense on extensor surfaces. The palms and soles are typically spared. Central clearing of the rash results in a characteristic lacy or reticulated appearance. The rash usually resolves spontaneously within three weeks without sequelae. The third stage is characterized by evanescence and recrudescence. In adults, the rash is less pronounced than that in children and is often atypical. Only approximately 20% of affected adults have an erythematous rash on the face. In adults, the rash is more frequently found on the legs, followed by the trunk, and arms. A reticulated or lacy erythema is noted in 80% of cases which helps to distinguish erythema infectiosum from other exanthems. Pruritus is noted in approximately 50% of cases. The diagnosis is mainly clinical. The many manifestations of parvovirus B19 infection can pose a diagnostic challenge even to the best diagnostician. Complications include arthritis, arthralgia, and transient aplastic crisis. In most cases, treatment is symptomatic and supportive. When parvovirus B19 infection occurs in pregnant women, hydrops fetalis becomes a real concern. CONCLUSION Erythema infectiosum, the most common clinical manifestation of parvovirus B19 infection, is characterized by a "slapped cheek" appearance on the face and lacy exanthem on the trunk and extremities. Parvovirus B19 infection is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Physicians should be aware of potential complications and conditions associated with parvovirus B19 infection, especially in individuals who are immunocompromised, chronically anemic, or pregnant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K C Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph M Lam
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Benjamin Barankin
- Department of Dermatology, Toronto Dermatology Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kin Fon Leong
- Pediatric Institute, Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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de la Calle-Prieto F, Estébanez Muñoz M, Ramírez G, Díaz-Menéndez M, Velasco M, Azkune Galparsoro H, Salavert Lletí M, Mata Forte T, Blanco JL, Mora-Rillo M, Arsuaga M, de Miguel Buckley R, Arribas JR, Membrillo FJ. Treatment and prevention of monkeypox. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2023; 41:629-634. [PMID: 36624034 PMCID: PMC9823286 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox is a zoonosis that is spread mainly through direct contact with fluids and skin lesions of infected people with vesicles still active. Although the virus was isolated for the first time in 1958 and the first human case was identified in a child in 1970, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the disease has progressively increased its incidence in Africa reaching in May 2022 sustained transmission outside this continent. As it is a newly introduced virus in our health system, it is necessary to learn the epidemiological pattern in a different environment from that of traditionally endemic areas and to know the available antiviral treatments, as well as the prophylactic measures that could be considered, knowing that as a virus emerging in our regions, scientific evidence is still limited. There are antivirals that have been shown, in animal models, to effectively combat the disease with very good clinical tolerance. This disease has also forced us to review the characteristics of smallpox vaccines, because they have shown a protective effect against monkeypox. For this reason, it is important to have a document that compiles all the scientific information published in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de la Calle-Prieto
- Unidad de Patología Importada y Salud Internacional, CSUR para Patología Tropical Importada Adultos y Pediatría, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III-Cantoblanco, IdiPAZ, CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miriam Estébanez Muñoz
- Unidad NRBQ-Infecciosas, Sección de Infecciosas, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid, Spain
| | - Germán Ramírez
- Unidad NRBQ-Infecciosas, Sección de Infecciosas, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Díaz-Menéndez
- Unidad de Patología Importada y Salud Internacional, CSUR para Patología Tropical Importada Adultos y Pediatría, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III-Cantoblanco, IdiPAZ, CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Velasco
- Enfermedades Infecciosas y Medicina Tropical, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Harkaitz Azkune Galparsoro
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Biodonostia, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Miguel Salavert Lletí
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Área Clínica Médica, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tatiana Mata Forte
- Unidad NRBQ-Infecciosas, Sección de Infecciosas, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Blanco
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, CIBERINFEC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Mora-Rillo
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III-Cantoblanco, IdiPAZ, CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Arsuaga
- Unidad de Patología Importada y Salud Internacional, CSUR para Patología Tropical Importada Adultos y Pediatría, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III-Cantoblanco, IdiPAZ, CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa de Miguel Buckley
- Unidad de Patología Importada y Salud Internacional, CSUR para Patología Tropical Importada Adultos y Pediatría, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III-Cantoblanco, IdiPAZ, CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Ramón Arribas
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III-Cantoblanco, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Membrillo
- Unidad NRBQ-Infecciosas, Sección de Infecciosas, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid, Spain
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Polymeric Nanoparticles as Tunable Nanocarriers for Targeted Delivery of Drugs to Skin Tissues for Treatment of Topical Skin Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020657. [PMID: 36839979 PMCID: PMC9964857 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The topical route is the most appropriate route for the targeted delivery of drugs to skin tissues for the treatment of local skin diseases; however, the stratum corneum (SC), the foremost layer of the skin, acts as a major barrier. Numerous passive and active drug delivery techniques have been exploited to overcome this barrier; however, these modalities are associated with several detrimental effects which restrict their clinical applicability. Alternatively, nanotechnology-aided interventions have been extensively investigated for the topical administration of a wide range of therapeutics. In this review, we have mainly focused on the biopharmaceutical significance of polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) (made from natural polymers) for the treatment of various topical skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), skin infection, skin cancer, acute-to-chronic wounds, and acne. The encapsulation of drug(s) into the inner core or adsorption onto the shell of PNPs has shown a marked improvement in their physicochemical properties, avoiding premature degradation and controlling the release kinetics, permeation through the SC, and retention in the skin layers. Furthermore, functionalization techniques such as PEGylation, conjugation with targeting ligand, and pH/thermo-responsiveness have shown further success in optimizing the therapeutic efficacy of PNPs for the treatment of skin diseases. Despite enormous progress in the development of PNPs, their clinical translation is still lacking, which could be a potential future perspective for researchers working in this field.
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Zardi EM, Chello C. Human Monkeypox-A Global Public Health Emergency. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192416781. [PMID: 36554659 PMCID: PMC9779584 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox, a viral zoonosis caused by an Orthopoxvirus, is clinically characterized by fever, headache, lymphadenopathy, myalgia, rash and burdened by some complications that can be severe and life threatening. Monkeypox, endemic in some central and west African countries, in tropical areas near equator, rose to the headlines following its recent outbreak in non-endemic countries of Europe and the USA. Thus, the World Health Organization, worried about the growing dimension of the problem, declared monkeypox a global public health emergency. Now, after months of careful observation, the western scientific research is drawing conclusion that African endemic countries represent a reserve pool able to feed, through travelers and sexual networks, the outbreak in non-endemic countries in which high-risk communities such as gay and bisexual men are the most affected. Prevention through vaccination and early diagnosis are the core to breaking the chain of diffusion of this epidemic. Particular attention should be paid to avoid the spread from endemic countries, also implementing the economic investments in their public health system. Information campaigns and assistance to high-risk classes in non-endemic countries are important priorities, however, assuming that specific treatments for this disease are still tentative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Maria Zardi
- Internistic Ultrasound Service, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Chello
- PhD Course, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
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de la Calle-Prieto F, Estébanez Muñoz M, Ramírez G, Díaz-Menéndez M, Velasco M, Azkune Galparsoro H, Salavert Lletí M, Mata Forte T, Blanco JL, Mora-Rillo M, Arsuaga M, de Miguel Buckley R, Arribas JR, Membrillo FJ. [Treatment and prevention of monkeypox]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2022; 41:S0213-005X(22)00167-7. [PMID: 36249471 PMCID: PMC9534155 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Monkeypox is a zoonosis that is spread mainly through direct contact with fluids and skin lesions of infected people with vesicles still active. Although the virus was isolated for the first time in 1958 and the first human case was identified in a child in 1970, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the disease has progressively increased its incidence in Africa reaching in May 2022 sustained transmission outside this continent. As it is a newly introduced virus in our health system, it is necessary to learn the epidemiological pattern in a different environment from that of traditionally endemic areas and to know the available antiviral treatments, as well as the prophylactic measures that could be considered, knowing that as a virus emerging in our regions, scientific evidence is still limited. There are antivirals that have been shown, in animal models, to effectively combat the disease with very good clinical tolerance. This disease has also forced us to review the characteristics of smallpox vaccines, because they have shown a protective effect against monkeypox. For this reason, it is important to have a document that compiles all the scientific information published in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de la Calle-Prieto
- Unidad de Patología Importada y Salud Internacional, CSUR para Patología Tropical Importada Adultos y Pediatría, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III-Cantoblanco. IdiPAZ. CIBERINFEC. Madrid, España
| | - Miriam Estébanez Muñoz
- Unidad NRBQ-Infecciosas. Sección de Infecciosas, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid, España
| | - Germán Ramírez
- Unidad NRBQ-Infecciosas. Sección de Infecciosas, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid, España
| | - Marta Díaz-Menéndez
- Unidad de Patología Importada y Salud Internacional, CSUR para Patología Tropical Importada Adultos y Pediatría, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III-Cantoblanco. IdiPAZ. CIBERINFEC. Madrid, España
| | - María Velasco
- Enfermedades Infecciosas y Medicina Tropical, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - Harkaitz Azkune Galparsoro
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Biodonostia. Universidad del Pais Vasco, Gipuzkoa, España
| | - Miguel Salavert Lletí
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Área Clínica Médica. Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - Tatiana Mata Forte
- Unidad NRBQ-Infecciosas. Sección de Infecciosas, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid, España
| | - José Luis Blanco
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona. CIBERINFEC, Barcelona, España
| | - Marta Mora-Rillo
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III-Cantoblanco, IdiPAZ. CIBERINFEC, Madrid, España
| | - Marta Arsuaga
- Unidad de Patología Importada y Salud Internacional, CSUR para Patología Tropical Importada Adultos y Pediatría, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III-Cantoblanco. IdiPAZ. CIBERINFEC. Madrid, España
| | - Rosa de Miguel Buckley
- Unidad de Patología Importada y Salud Internacional, CSUR para Patología Tropical Importada Adultos y Pediatría, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III-Cantoblanco. IdiPAZ. CIBERINFEC. Madrid, España
| | - Jose Ramón Arribas
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III-Cantoblanco, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. IdiPAZ. CIBERINFEC, Madrid, España
| | - Francisco Javier Membrillo
- Unidad NRBQ-Infecciosas. Sección de Infecciosas, Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid, España
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Rocha BA, Mendes PA, Souto GR, Souza PEA, Grossmann SDMC, Horta MCR. The 2022 human monkeypox outbreak and dentistry: The relevance of oral mucosal and facial skin lesions. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2022. [PMID: 36045441 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Breno Amaral Rocha
- Oral Pathology Section and Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Polianne Alves Mendes
- Oral Pathology Section and Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Ribeiro Souto
- Oral Pathology Section and Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Alencar Souza
- Oral Pathology Section and Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Soraya de Mattos Camargo Grossmann
- Oral Pathology Section and Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Martinho Campolina Rebello Horta
- Oral Pathology Section and Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Transmissibility of hand, foot, and mouth disease in 97 counties of China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4103. [PMID: 35260706 PMCID: PMC8902910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a serious disease burden in the Asia–Pacific region, including China. This study calculated the transmissibility of HFMD at county levels in Jiangsu Province, China, analyzed the differences of transmissibility and explored the possible influencing factors of its transmissibility. We built a mathematical model for seasonal characteristics of HFMD, estimated the effective reproduction number (Reff), and compared the incidence rate and transmissibility in different counties using non-parametric tests, rapid cluster analysis and rank-sum ratio in 97 counties in Jiangsu Province from 2015 to 2020. The average daily incidence rate was between 0 and 4 per 100,000 people in Jiangsu Province from 2015–2020. The Quartile of Reff in Jiangsu Province from 2015 to 2020 was 1.54 (0.49, 2.50). Rugao District and Jianhu District had the highest transmissibility according to the rank-sum ratio. Reff generally decreased in 2017 and increased in 2018 in most counties, and the median level of Reff was the lowest in 2017 (P < 0.05). The transmissibility was different in 97 counties in Jiangsu Province. The reasons for the differences may be related to the climate, demographic characteristics, virus subtypes, vaccination, hygiene and other infectious diseases.
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Topical Administration of Drugs Incorporated in Carriers Containing Phospholipid Soft Vesicles for the Treatment of Skin Medical Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122129. [PMID: 34959410 PMCID: PMC8706871 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the improved topical treatment of various medical skin conditions by the use of drugs delivered from carriers containing phospholipid soft vesicles. Topical drug delivery has many advantages over other ways of administration, having increased patient compliance, avoiding the first-pass effect following oral drug administration or not requesting multiple doses administration. However, the skin barrier prevents the access of the applied drug, affecting its therapeutic activity. Carriers containing phospholipid soft vesicles are a new approach to enhance drug delivery into the skin and to improve the treatment outcome. These vesicles contain molecules that have the property to fluidize the phospholipid bilayers generating the soft vesicle and allowing it to penetrate into the deep skin layers. Ethosomes, glycerosomes and transethosomes are soft vesicles containing ethanol, glycerol or a mixture of ethanol and a surfactant, respectively. We review a large number of publications on the research carried out in vitro, in vivo in animal models and in humans in clinical studies, with compositions containing various active molecules for treatment of skin medical conditions including skin infections, skin inflammation, psoriasis, skin cancer, acne vulgaris, hair loss, psoriasis and skin aging.
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11
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Drago F, Ciccarese G, Merlo G, Trave I, Javor S, Rebora A, Parodi A. Oral and cutaneous manifestations of viral and bacterial infections: Not only COVID-19 disease. Clin Dermatol 2021; 39:384-404. [PMID: 34517997 PMCID: PMC7849469 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Globalization entails several medical problems along with economic and social complications. Migrations from other continents, increasing numbers of tourists worldwide, and importation of foreign parasites (eg, Aedes albopictus) have made diseases previously unknown in Europe a reality. The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic throughout the world is a warning that other epidemics are still possible. Most, if not all of these diseases, transmitted by viruses or bacteria, present with cutaneous symptoms and signs that are highly important for a speedy diagnosis, a fundamental concept for arresting the diseases and saving lives. Dermatologists play a significant role in delineating cutaneous and mucosal lesions that are often lumped together as dermatitis. We provide a review of many of these cutaneous and mucosal lesions that sometimes are forgotten or even ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Drago
- Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi, Genoa, Italy; DI.S. Sal., Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Ciccarese
- Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Giulia Merlo
- Dermatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Via Venezia 16, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Ilaria Trave
- DI.S. Sal., Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sanja Javor
- Dermatology Unit, Galliera Hospital, Via Mura delle Cappuccine 14, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alfredo Rebora
- DI.S. Sal., Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi, Genoa, Italy; DI.S. Sal., Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, Genoa, Italy
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12
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Venkateswaran N, Ramos JC, Cohen AK, Alvarez OP, Cohen NK, Galor A, Karp CL. Spotlight on ocular Kaposi’s sarcoma: an update on the presentation, diagnosis, and management options. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021; 16:477-489. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2021.1962294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan C. Ramos
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Adam K. Cohen
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Osmel P. Alvarez
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Noah K. Cohen
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Surgical Services, Miami Veterans Affairs Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Carol L. Karp
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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13
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Abstract
A variety of acute oral lesions may be encountered in the scope of dermatology. Oral lesions may be single or multiple; may arise secondary to infectious, immune, congenital, medication use, or idiopathic causes; and may take a variety of forms. A thorough evaluation of the oral cavity is required to assess patients with oral lesions. Affected patients may be monitored, treated, or referred to an appropriate specialist for further management as needed. Many acute oral lesions are self-limiting in nature and patients may require only assessment and reassurance. Several common acute oral lesions are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine France
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Alessandro Villa
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Suite 512A, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Withaferin A-A Promising Phytochemical Compound with Multiple Results in Dermatological Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092407. [PMID: 33919088 PMCID: PMC8122412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA) was identified as the most active phytocompound of the plant Withania somnifera (WS) and as having multiple therapeutic/ameliorating properties (anticancer, antiangiogenic, anti-invasive, anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic, etc.) in case of various diseases. In drug chemistry, WFA in silico approaches have identified favorite biological targets, stimulating and accelerating research to evaluate its pharmacological activity—numerous anticancer effects manifested in various organs (breast, pancreas, skin, colon, etc.), antivirals, anti-infective, etc., which are not yet sufficiently explored. This paper is a synthesis of the most relevant specialized papers in the field that are focused on the use of WFA in dermatological diseases, describing its mechanism of action while providing, at the same time, details about the results of its testing in in vitro/in vivo studies.
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15
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Watkins RR, David MZ. Approach to the Patient with a Skin and Soft Tissue Infection. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2021; 35:1-48. [PMID: 33494872 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of a skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) requires careful attention to a patient's history, physical examination, and diagnostic test results. We review for many bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic pathogens that cause SSTIs the clues for reaching a diagnosis, including reported past medical history, hobbies and behaviors, travel, insect bites, exposure to other people and to animals, environmental exposures to water, soil, or sand, as well as the anatomic site of skin lesions, their morphology on examination, and their evolution over time. Laboratory and radiographic tests are discussed that may be used to confirm a specific diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R Watkins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, 224 West Exchange Street, Akron, OH 44302, USA; Department of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Michael Z David
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Blockley Hall 707, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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16
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Dosi T, Chawla A, Barkalle G, Phulambrikar T. Herpes zoster of orofacial region. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 25:557. [PMID: 35281131 PMCID: PMC8859590 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_212_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes zoster (HZ) is a viral disease which is primarily caused by the nerve tissue, but its treatment necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a DNA virus that causes both primary and recurrent infection. HZ, also known as shingles, is a unique condition induced by VZV reactivation. Neuropathic pain, headache, malaise and sleep disruption are all prodromal symptoms in such cases. HZ generates a pruritic, localized and vesicular rash that is usually unilateral. Individuals who are immunocompromised as a result of disease or receiving any treatment are also at increased risk, regardless of their age. HZ and its sequelae set a major strain on patient's caregivers, health-care system and business. Despite recent advances, prevention and treatment of HZ, consequences remain a therapeutic challenge. This is a case report of HZ infection in a 56-year-old female patient who was managed with comprehensive medical treatment.
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Nanomaterials Designed for Antiviral Drug Delivery Transport across Biological Barriers. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020171. [PMID: 32085535 PMCID: PMC7076512 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are a major global health problem, representing a significant cause of mortality with an unfavorable continuously amplified socio-economic impact. The increased drug resistance and constant viral replication have been the trigger for important studies regarding the use of nanotechnology in antiviral therapies. Nanomaterials offer unique physico-chemical properties that have linked benefits for drug delivery as ideal tools for viral treatment. Currently, different types of nanomaterials namely nanoparticles, liposomes, nanospheres, nanogels, nanosuspensions and nanoemulsions were studied either in vitro or in vivo for drug delivery of antiviral agents with prospects to be translated in clinical practice. This review highlights the drug delivery nanosystems incorporating the major antiviral classes and their transport across specific barriers at cellular and intracellular level. Important reflections on nanomedicines currently approved or undergoing investigations for the treatment of viral infections are also discussed. Finally, the authors present an overview on the requirements for the design of antiviral nanotherapeutics.
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Kraus CN, Sodha P, Kirkorian AY. A Child With a Blistering Rash. JAMA Pediatr 2018; 172:592-593. [PMID: 29610826 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.5218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pooja Sodha
- Department of Dermatology, Georgetown University-Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
| | - A Yasmine Kirkorian
- Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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20
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Cosgun Y, Guldemir D, Coskun A, Yolbakan S, Kalaycioglu AT, Korukluoglu G, Durmaz R. The importance of serological and molecular analyses for the diagnosis of measles cases and for meeting elimination targets in Turkey from 2007 to 2015. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:735-740. [PMID: 29534775 PMCID: PMC9134357 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles is an important childhood infection targeted to be eliminated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Virus circulation has not been interrupted in the European Region because high vaccination rates could not be achieved among some countries of the WHO European Region including Turkey. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the laboratory findings of measles cases confirmed in the last nine years, to assess the epidemiological data of the cases, to determine the molecular genotyping studies and to emphasise the importance of laboratory-based surveillance in measles. From 2007 to 2010, only 18 imported cases were detected in Turkey. However, this number increased with a local outbreak of 111 cases in 2011, followed by another outbreak in 2012 in Istanbul that spread countrywide in the following two years; a total of 8661 laboratory-confirmed measles cases were reported from 2012 to 2015. After ELISA detection of a measles IgM-positive result in serum samples of potential measles cases, RT-PCR was performed with urine or nasopharyngeal swab samples of patients, and amplicons were subjected to sequencing. In the samples of 2010 and 2011, D4 and D9 genotypes were mainly detected; as of 2012, the D8 genotype has gained importance. Although D8 was also identified in 2014, in the same year genotype H1 viruses were detected in Turkey for the first time. Therefore, it is important to perform a genotypic analysis of the virus causing the outbreak, analyse epidemiological connections of the contact, determine the source of the outbreak and plan measures based on this information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Cosgun
- Microbiology Reference Laboratories Department, Public Health General Directorate of Turkey, National Virology Reference Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Guldemir
- Microbiology Reference Laboratories Department, Public Health General Directorate of Turkey, Molecular Microbiology Research and Application Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aslihan Coskun
- Vaccine Preventable Diseases Department, Public Health General Directorate of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sultan Yolbakan
- Microbiology Reference Laboratories Department, Public Health General Directorate of Turkey, National Virology Reference Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Gulay Korukluoglu
- Microbiology Reference Laboratories Department, Public Health General Directorate of Turkey, National Virology Reference Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Riza Durmaz
- Yildirim Beyazit University Medical Faculty, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
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Rutherford A, Glass DA, Suarez EA, Adamson AS. Prescription-level factors associated with primary nonadherence to dermatologic medications. J DERMATOL TREAT 2017; 29:300-304. [PMID: 28783420 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2017.1365115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze factors associated with primary nonadherence to dermatologic medications and study whether prescription-level factors are associated with primary nonadherence. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of medical records of new dermatology patients from January 2011 to December 2013 at a single urban safety-net hospital outpatient dermatology clinic with a closed pharmacy system. RESULTS A total of 4307 prescriptions were written for 2490 patients. The overall primary nonadherence rate was 24.7%. The most prescribed medication classes in order of frequency were topical corticosteroids, topical antibiotics, topical retinoids, oral antibiotics, and topical antifungals. After multivariable adjustment for patient, provider, and prescription characteristics, when compared to topical corticosteroids, topical antibiotics, oral antifungals, and oral antivirals were less likely to be filled (RR 0.9 [95% CI, 0.84-0.95]), (RR 0.69 [95% CI, 0.59-0.81]), and (RR 0.65 [95% CI, 0.46-0.93]), respectively. Conversely, topical vitamin D analogs, oral immunomodulators, and oral retinoids were more likely to be filled (RR 1.15 [95% CI, 1.02-1.28]), (RR 1.11 [95% CI, 1.04-1.19]), and (RR 1.15 [95% CI, 1.04-1.27]), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Medication class or administration route may be associated with increased risk of nonadherence, and identifying these factors is important in considering ways to reduce primary nonadherence rates in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Rutherford
- a Department of Dermatology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Donald A Glass
- a Department of Dermatology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA.,b Parkland Health and Hospital System , Dallas , TX , USA.,c McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Elizabeth A Suarez
- d Department of Epidemiology , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Adewole S Adamson
- a Department of Dermatology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA.,e Department of Dermatology , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.,f Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
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22
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Drago F, Ciccarese G, Gasparini G, Cogorno L, Javor S, Toniolo A, Broccolo F. Contemporary infectious exanthems: an update. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:171-193. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An exanthem is a skin rash that may be associated with mucous membrane eruption, fever or other symptoms. It may develop as manifestation of an infectious disease or as adverse reaction to drugs. Beside the ‘classical exanthems’ commonly occurring in childhood, other exanthems, defined as ‘atypical’ for the different morphology and causal agents, may occur. Among the atypical exanthems with infectious etiology, viral, bacterial, parasitic and helminth infections are implicated. We describe herein etiology and epidemiology of the atypical exanthems caused by infectious agents. In case of exanthem, to make a correct etiological diagnosis is crucial for both the patient and community concerning issues such as time off school, immunizations and risk in pregnancy and immunocompromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Drago
- DISSAL Department of Dermatology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Ciccarese
- DISSAL Department of Dermatology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Gasparini
- DISSAL Department of Dermatology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ludovica Cogorno
- DISSAL Department of Dermatology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sanja Javor
- DISSAL Department of Dermatology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Toniolo
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology & Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Broccolo
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology & Virology, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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23
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Abstract
Group A streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common bacterial etiologies of skin and soft tissue infections that range in virulence from very mild to limb/life threatening. Antibiotic coverage recommendations are varying and subject to controversy. Antibiotic resistance patterns are evolving with many different biochemical mechanisms. Rapid bacterial identification using mass spectrometry is on the horizon. Therapeutic considerations should include cost and adherence issues.
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Sudden Onset of Yellow Skin and an Itchy Rash in a 2-year-old Boy. J Nurse Pract 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Curi DSC, Leite-Ribeiro PM, Torregrossa VR, Vieira VC, Sarmento VA. Efficacy of imidazolquinoline on treatment of condyloma acuminatum of the buccal mucosa. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2016; 37:51-54. [PMID: 27716987 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The condylomata acuminata is a benign epithelial neoplasm induced by papillomavirus, and it is characterized by the proliferation of stratified squamous epithelial tissue that affects the anogenital and oral mucosa. It is considered to be a sexually transmitted disease and has a higher prevalence in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Various therapies have been used for the removal of lesions, such as cryotherapy, surgical laser and surgical excision, which are painful and scarring. These techniques, however, do not eliminate the virus and relapses are common shortly after treatment. The use of immunomodulators has been proposed to be an alternative treatment, as imidazolquinoline has been shown to be effective in the treatment of lesions in the anogenital region. However, its use in the oral cavity has been the subject of few reports in the literature. Thus, the objective of this study is to describe a case of warts in the labial mucosa of an HIV positive patient using imidazolquinoline 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi Silva Carvalho Curi
- Dentistry Department, Hospital Universitario Professor Edgard Santos, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Brazil
| | - Patrícia Miranda Leite-Ribeiro
- Professor at Dentistry Department, Hospital Universitario Professor Edgard Santos, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Brazil
| | | | - Vinicius Costa Vieira
- Dentistry Department, Hospital Universitario Professor Edgard Santos, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Brazil
| | - Viviane Almeida Sarmento
- Coordinator of Dentistry Department, Hospital Universitario Professor Edgard Santos, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Brazil
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Abstract
A strong foundational knowledge of dermatologic disease is crucial for a successful practice in plastic surgery. A plastic surgeon should be able to identify and appreciate common dermatologic diseases that may require medical and/or surgical evaluation and management. In this article, the authors describe epidermal/dermal, infectious, pigmented, and malignant cutaneous lesions that are commonly encountered in practice. Descriptions include the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical course, and management options for each type of lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ida Orengo
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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