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Huang Y, Wang J, Guo Y, Park SY, Yang H, Lu A, Li Y, Chen R. Selective binding of cationic fibrinogen-mimicking chitosan nanoparticles to activated platelets and efficient drug release for antithrombotic therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131742. [PMID: 38653430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Thrombosis is the main cause of catastrophic events including ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) therapy offers a desirable approach to antithrombosis through a reduction of platelet reactivity. However, major bleeding complications, severe off-target side effects, and resistance or nonresponse to ASA greatly attenuate its clinical outcomes. Herein, we report a cationic fibrinogen-mimicking nanoparticle, denoted as ASA-RGD-CS@TPP, to achieve activated-platelet-targeted delivery and efficient release of ASA for safer and more effective antithrombotic therapy. This biomimetic antithrombotic system was prepared by one-pot ionic gelation between cationic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-grafted chitosan (RGD-CS) and anionic tripolyphosphate (TPP). The platform exhibited selective binding to activated platelets, leading to efficient release of ASA and subsequent attenuation of platelet functions, including the remarkable inhibition of platelet aggregation through a potent blockage of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). After intravenous administration, ASA-RGD-CS@TPP displayed significantly prolonged circulation time and successful prevention of thrombosis in a mouse model. ASA-RGD-CS@TPP was demonstrated to significantly enhance antithrombotic therapy while showing minimal coagulation and hemorrhagic risks and excellent biocompatibility in vivo as compared to free ASA. This platform provides a simple, safe, effective and targeted strategy for the development of antithrombotic nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Jiahua Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Seun Young Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hongtian Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Annabelle Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China.
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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Baroudi A, García-Payo C, Khayet M. Chitosan-Based Composite Membranes with Different Biocompatible Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Properties and Drug-Release Study. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2804. [PMID: 37447450 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) composite membranes were prepared using different biocompatible metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs): titanium dioxide (TiO2); iron oxide (Fe3O4); and aluminum oxide (Al2O3). For each nanoparticle, the CS-based composite membranes were prepared with two NPs contents in the CS solution, high (H) and low (L) NPs concentrations. To establish both concentrations, the NPs saturation point in the CS polymeric matrix was determined. The influence of NP concentrations on the physicochemical properties of the CS films was assessed. The prepared CS membranes were characterized with different techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and zeta potential. It was found that the addition of NPs in the CS matrix improved both swelling and mechanical properties. Nanocomposite CS membranes could be prepared using Al2O3 NPs. Swelling experiments revealed different pH-sensitive mechanisms, which might be beneficial in biomedical applications since solute permeation through CS-based composite membranes could be controlled by adjusting environmental conditions. When aspirin transport (ASA) through the prepared membranes was carried out in different release media, SGF (simulating gastric fluid) and SIF (simulating intestinal fluid without enzymes), it was observed that the Fickian diffusion coefficient (D) was conditioned by the pH of the release solution. In SGIT (simulating gastrointestinal transit) medium, a transition time (ttrans) was detected due to the shrinkage of the CS polymeric chains, and the drug release depended not only on the Fickian's diffusion but also on the shrinkage of the biopolymer, obeying Peppas and Sahlin equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Baroudi
- Department of Structure of Matter, Thermal Physics and Electronics, Faculty of Physics, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Higher Polytechnic School, University Antonio Nebrija, C/Santa cruz del Marcenado 27, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Payo
- Department of Structure of Matter, Thermal Physics and Electronics, Faculty of Physics, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohamed Khayet
- Department of Structure of Matter, Thermal Physics and Electronics, Faculty of Physics, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Synthesis and characterization of Co xFe 1-xFe 2O 4 nanoparticles by anionic, cationic, and non-ionic surfactant templates via co-precipitation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4611. [PMID: 35301403 PMCID: PMC8931099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoxFe1-xFe2O4) were synthesized by the surfactant templated co-precipitation method using various surfactants namely sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and Tween20. Under the substitution, the CoxFe1-xFe2O4 particles were synthesized at various Co2+ and Fe2+ mole ratios (x = 1, 0.6, 0.2, and 0) with the SDS. The cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were characterized for their morphology, structure, magnetic, and electrical properties. All CoxFe1-xFe2O4 nanoparticles showed the nanoparticle sizes varying from 16 to 43 nm. In the synthesis of CoFe2O4, the SDS template provided the smallest particle size, whereas the saturated magnetization (Ms) of CoFe2O4 was reduced by using CTAB, SDS, and Tween20. For the CoxFe1-xFe2O4 as synthesized by the SDS template at 1.2 CMC, the Ms increased with increasing Fe2+ mole ratio. The highest Ms of 100.4 emu/g was obtained from the Fe3O4 using the SDS template. The Fe3O4 nanoparticle is potential to be used in various actuator and biomedical devices.
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Carvalho BG, Vit FF, Carvalho HF, Han SW, de la Torre LG. Recent advances in co-delivery nanosystems for synergistic action in cancer treatment. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:1208-1237. [PMID: 33393582 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02168g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanocarrier delivery systems have been widely studied to carry unique or dual chemical drugs. The major challenge of chemotherapies is to overcome the multidrug-resistance (MDR) of cells to antineoplastic medicines. In this context, nano-scale technology has allowed researchers to develop biocompatible nano-delivery systems to overcome the limitation of chemical agents. The development of nano-vehicles may also be directed to co-deliver different agents such as drugs and genetic materials. The delivery of nucleic acids targeting specific cells is based on gene therapy principles to replace the defective gene, correct genome errors or knock-down a particular gene. Co-delivery systems are attractive strategies due to the possibility of achieving synergistic therapeutic effects, which are more effective in overcoming the MDR of cancer cells. These combined therapies can provide better outcomes than separate delivery approaches carrying either siRNA, miRNA, pDNA, or drugs. This article reviews the main design features that need to be associated with nano-vehicles to co-deliver drugs, genes, and gene-drug combinations with efficacy. The advantages and disadvantages of co-administration approaches are also overviewed and compared with individual nanocarrier systems. Herein, future trends and perspectives in designing novel nano-scale platforms to co-deliver therapeutic agents are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna G Carvalho
- Department of Materials and Bioprocesses Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Franciele F Vit
- Department of Materials and Bioprocesses Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sang W Han
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, Center for Cell and Molecular Therapy, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucimara G de la Torre
- Department of Materials and Bioprocesses Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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Amir M, Ali W, Baykal A, Khan GS. Development of highly active, chemically stable and recyclable magnetic nanophotocatalyst based on plasmonic silver nanoparticles and photosensitive trans‐3‐(trans‐4‐imidazolyl) acrylic acid molecules. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Amir
- Centre for Sensors, Instrumentation, and Cyber‐physical System Engineering (SeNSE) New Delhi India
| | - Wazed Ali
- Department of Textiles and Fibre Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
| | - Abdulhadi Baykal
- Department of Nano‐Medicine Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultation (IRMC) Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Gufran Sayeed Khan
- Centre for Sensors, Instrumentation, and Cyber‐physical System Engineering (SeNSE) New Delhi India
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Nazari H, Heirani-Tabasi A, Hajiabbas M, Salimi Bani M, Nazari M, Pirhajati Mahabadi V, Rad I, Kehtari M, Ahmadi Tafti SH, Soleimani M. Incorporation of SPION-casein core-shells into silk-fibroin nanofibers for cardiac tissue engineering. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2981-2993. [PMID: 31724234 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mimicking the structure of extracellular matrix (ECM) of myocardium is necessary for fabrication of functional cardiac tissue. The superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs, Fe3 O4 ), as new generation of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), are highly intended in biomedical studies. Here, SPION NPs (1 wt%) were synthesized and incorporated into silk-fibroin (SF) electrospun nanofibers to enhance mechanical properties and topography of the scaffolds. Then, the mouse embryonic cardiac cells (ECCs) were seeded on the scaffolds for in vitro studies. The SPION NPs were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). SF nanofibers were characterized after incorporation of SPIONs by SEM, TEM, water contact angle measurement, and tensile test. Furthermore, cytocompatibility of scaffolds was confirmed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. SEM images showed that ECCs attached to the scaffolds with elongated morphologies. Also, the real-time PCR and immunostaining studies approved upregulation of cardiac functional genes in ECCs seeded on the SF/SPION-casein scaffolds including GATA-4, cardiac troponin T, Nkx 2.5, and alpha-myosin heavy chain, compared with the ones in SF. In conclusion, incorporation of core-shells in SF supports cardiac differentiation, while has no negative impact on ECCs' proliferation and self-renewal capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjatollah Nazari
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asieh Heirani-Tabasi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hajiabbas
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Salimi Bani
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Nazari
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Iman Rad
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Hossein Ahmadi Tafti
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Di Rosa D, Wanic M, Fal J, Żyła G, Mercatelli L, Sani E. Optical and dielectric properties of ethylene glycol-based nanofluids containing nanodiamonds with various purities. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Design of Scorodite@Fe3O4 Core–Shell Materials and the Fe3O4 Shell Prevents Leaching of Arsenic from Scorodite in Neutral and Alkaline Environments. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9080523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, arsenic pollution has seriously harmed human health. Arsenic-containing waste should be treated to render it harmless and immobilized to form a stable, solid material. Scorodite (iron arsenate) is recognized as the best solid arsenic material in the world. It has the advantages of high arsenic content, good stability, and a low iron/arsenic molar ratio. However, scorodite can decompose and release arsenic in a neutral and alkaline environment. Ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) is a common iron oxide that is insoluble in acid and alkali solutions. Coating a Fe3O4 shell that is acid- and alkali-resistant on the surface of scorodite crystals will improve the stability of the material. In this study, a scorodite@Fe3O4 core–shell structure material was synthesized. The synthesized core–shell material was detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques, and the composition and structure were confirmed. The synthesis condition and forming process were analyzed. Long-term leaching tests were conducted to evaluate the stability of the synthesized scorodite@Fe3O4. The results indicate that the scorodite@Fe3O4 had excellent stability after 20 days of exposure to neutral and weakly alkaline solutions. The inert Fe3O4 shell could prevent the scorodite core from corrosion by the external solution. The scorodite@Fe3O4 core–shell structure material was suitable for the immobilization of arsenic and has potential application prospects for the treatment of arsenic-containing waste.
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Hosseinzadeh S, Hosseinzadeh H, Pashaei S, Khodaparast Z. Synthesis of magnetic functionalized MWCNT nanocomposite through surface RAFT co-polymerization of acrylic acid and N-isopropyl acrylamide for removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:34-44. [PMID: 29857231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube (MMWCNT) composites were prepared via surface reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) co-polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) in the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. First, a novel RAFT agent (RA) was prepared and then immobilized onto the surface of MWCNT to fabricate RA-g-MWCNT. Then, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were attached onto the surface of RA-g-MWCNT. Finally, RAFT co-polymerization of AA and NIPAM monomers was carried out via Fe3O4-g-RA-g-MWCNT RAFT agent. The structure and morphology of the prepared polymer-coated MWCNT was examined by FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, VSM, and TGA. The adsorption behaviours of the cationic dyes were studied. The equilibrium isotherm and kinetics of cationic dyes were investigated. Thermodynamics investigations also depicted that the adsorptions of cationic dyes were spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The synthesized dye adsorbent with high adsorption capacities, reusability, and easy recovery makes it as a good candidate for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shahryar Pashaei
- Chemistry Department, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697 Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Khodaparast
- Chemical Engineering Department, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697 Tehran, Iran
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Li Z, Zhang J, Li X, Guo X, Zhang Z. Preparation and Evaluation of Multifunctional Autofluorescent Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems Against Mammary Cancer. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2694-2701. [PMID: 29935296 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Fe3O4@C@NaYF4:Yb,Er nanocarriers of multifunction were synthesized. The mitoxantrone was selected as model drug, and these nanoparticles have high drug loading (0.63 mg/mg). The temperature of Fe3O4@C@NaYF4:Yb,Er in water reached 60°C with 808 nm irritation (2.5 W/cm2). The cumulative release of these nano drug carriers significantly increased because of the increase in temperature, and the 4T1 cell growth inhibition rates were 59.15%, almost 2.25-fold higher than mitoxantrone group (p <0.05). Because the nanoparticles had autofluorescence under 808 nm irritation, the nanocarriers could be traced in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Based on magnetic field, the fluorescence signal of these nano drug carriers could be observed at tumor region during 2-9 h in vivo study. The nanocarriers with magnetic and 808 nm laser group, tumor growth inhibition rate achieved almost 83.14%. These nanoparticles are an outstanding potential carrier for antitumor drugs, which can improve curative effect for tumor while reducing toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China; Henan Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy and Diagnosis of Tumor and Major Diseases, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junya Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhong Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China; Henan Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy and Diagnosis of Tumor and Major Diseases, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China; Henan Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy and Diagnosis of Tumor and Major Diseases, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China.
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Rahmawati R, Kaneti YV, Taufiq A, Sunaryono, Yuliarto B, Suyatman, Nugraha, Kurniadi D, Hossain MSA, Yamauchi Y. Green Synthesis of Magnetite Nanostructures from Naturally Available Iron Sands via Sonochemical Method. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Retno Rahmawati
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Yusuf Valentino Kaneti
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044
| | - Ahmad Taufiq
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Malang, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Sunaryono
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Malang, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Brian Yuliarto
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Suyatman
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Nugraha
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Deddy Kurniadi
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Md. Shahriar A. Hossain
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044
- Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), The University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), The University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering & Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, South Korea
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Tanaka S, Kaneti YV, Bhattacharjee R, Islam MN, Nakahata R, Abdullah N, Yusa SI, Nguyen NT, Shiddiky MJA, Yamauchi Y, Hossain MSA. Mesoporous Iron Oxide Synthesized Using Poly(styrene-b-acrylic acid-b-ethylene glycol) Block Copolymer Micelles as Templates for Colorimetric and Electrochemical Detection of Glucose. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:1039-1049. [PMID: 29185699 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the soft-templated preparation of mesoporous iron oxide using an asymmetric poly(styrene-b-acrylic acid-b-ethylene glycol) (PS-b-PAA-b-PEG) triblock copolymer. This polymer forms a micelle consisting of a PS core, a PAA shell, and a PEG corona in aqueous solutions, which can serve as a soft template. The mesoporous iron oxide obtained at an optimized calcination temperature of 400 °C exhibited an average pore diameter of 39 nm, with large specific surface area and pore volume of 86.9 m2 g-1 and 0.218 cm3 g-1, respectively. The as-prepared mesoporous iron oxide materials showed intrinsic peroxidase-like activities toward the catalytic oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tertamethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This mimetic feature was further exploited to develop a simple colorimetric (naked-eye) and electrochemical assay for the detection of glucose. Both our colorimetric (naked-eye and UV-vis) and electrochemical assays estimated the glucose concentration to be in the linear range from 1.0 μM to 100 μM with a detection limit of 1.0 μM. We envisage that our integrated detection platform for H2O2 and glucose will find a wide range of applications in developing various biosensors in the field of personalized medicine, food-safety detection, environmental-pollution control, and agro-biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Tanaka
- Australian Institute of Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong , North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yusuf Valentino Kaneti
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Ripon Bhattacharjee
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University , Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University , Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University , Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University , Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Rina Nakahata
- Department of Materials Science and Chemistry, University of Hyogo , 2167 Shosha, Himeji 671-2280, Japan
| | - Nawfel Abdullah
- Australian Institute of Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong , North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Shin-Ichi Yusa
- Department of Materials Science and Chemistry, University of Hyogo , 2167 Shosha, Himeji 671-2280, Japan
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University , Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University , Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University , Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University , Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute of Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong , North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland , Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland , Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Md Shahriar A Hossain
- Australian Institute of Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong , North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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Mosayebi J, Kiyasatfar M, Laurent S. Synthesis, Functionalization, and Design of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28990364 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In order to translate nanotechnology into medical practice, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been presented as a class of non-invasive nanomaterials for numerous biomedical applications. In particular, MNPs have opened a door for simultaneous diagnosis and brisk treatment of diseases in the form of theranostic agents. This review highlights the recent advances in preparation and utilization of MNPs from the synthesis and functionalization steps to the final design consideration in evading the body immune system for therapeutic and diagnostic applications with addressing the most recent examples of the literature in each section. This study provides a conceptual framework of a wide range of synthetic routes classified mainly as wet chemistry, state-of-the-art microfluidic reactors, and biogenic routes, along with the most popular coating materials to stabilize resultant MNPs. Additionally, key aspects of prolonging the half-life of MNPs via overcoming the sequential biological barriers are covered through unraveling the biophysical interactions at the bio-nano interface and giving a set of criteria to efficiently modulate MNPs' physicochemical properties. Furthermore, concepts of passive and active targeting for successful cell internalization, by respectively exploiting the unique properties of cancers and novel targeting ligands are described in detail. Finally, this study extensively covers the recent developments in magnetic drug targeting and hyperthermia as therapeutic applications of MNPs. In addition, multi-modal imaging via fusion of magnetic resonance imaging, and also innovative magnetic particle imaging with other imaging techniques for early diagnosis of diseases are extensively provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Mosayebi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Urmia University; Urmia 5756151818 Iran
| | - Mehdi Kiyasatfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Urmia University; Urmia 5756151818 Iran
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Laboratory of NMR and Molecular Imaging; University of Mons; Mons Belgium
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Peng H, Jundai O, Wen J, Peng Y. Synthesis of porous GdF 3:Er 3+,Yb 3+-COOH core-shell structured bi-functional nanoparticles for drug delivery. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 11:1052-1058. [PMID: 29155407 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors synthesised porous GdF3:Er3+,Yb3+-COOH core-shell structured bi-functional nanoparticles through a one-step hydrothermal route during which ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) was bound to the surface of the nanoparticles. It has high up-conversion emission intensity for monitoring the drug release process and magnetisation saturation value (10.2 emu/g) for drug targeting under foreign magnetic fields. Moreover, porous GdF3:Er3+,Yb3+ as drug carriers with a high drug-loading efficiency. cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cisplatin, CDDP)-loaded GdF3:Er3+,Yb3+ nanoparticles (GdF3:Er3+,Yb3+-CDDP) were characterised by the Fourier transform infrared spectra, and CDDP was loaded in the form of electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonds. Compared with CDDP alone, GdF3:Er3+,Yb3+-CDDP nanoparticles increase concentration of CDDP in the target site and enhance its anticancer efficiency. Therefore, the as-prepared GdF3:Er3+,Yb3+-COOH nanoparticles allow simultaneous targeted drug delivery and monitoring as promising anti-cancer theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ouyang Jundai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Ceramics and Powder Materials, School of Material and Environmental Engineering, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Lou'di 417000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Ceramics and Powder Materials, School of Material and Environmental Engineering, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Lou'di 417000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangxi Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Ceramics and Powder Materials, School of Material and Environmental Engineering, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Lou'di 417000, People's Republic of China
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15
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Yang J, Kou Q, Liu Y, Wang D, Lu Z, Chen L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Han D, Xing SG. Effects of amount of benzyl ether and reaction time on the shape and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanocrystals. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Alshehri A, Malik MA, Khan Z, Al-Thabaiti SA, Hasan N. Biofabrication of Fe nanoparticles in aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa with enhanced photocatalytic activities. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01251a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibiscus sabdariffa is a strongly basic dye with a large number of medicinal applications and is used for various diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmohsen Alshehri
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood Ahmad Malik
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaheer Khan
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nazim Hasan
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Jazan University
- Jazan 82621
- Saudi Arabia
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17
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Ghassemi Nooreini M, Ahmad Panahi H. Fabrication of magnetite nano particles and modification with metal organic framework of Zn2+ for sorption of doxycyline. Int J Pharm 2016; 512:178-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Zheng ZZ, Hu J. A split G-quadruplex DNAzyme based magnetic graphene oxide platform for sensitive authentication of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16220g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the different affinities of graphene oxide (GO) toward ssDNA and dsDNA, a sensitive fluorescence assay utilizing a split G-rich probe and magnetic GO (Fe3O4/GO) was developed for authentication of Pseudostellaria heterophylla based on the ITS sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Z. Zheng
- Quanzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian
- Quanzhou 362000
- China
- Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Fuzhou 350003
| | - J. Hu
- Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Fuzhou 350003
- China
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Fuzhou 350122
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Harshiny M, Iswarya CN, Matheswaran M. Biogenic synthesis of iron nanoparticles using Amaranthus dubius leaf extract as a reducing agent. POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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20
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Kaneti YV, Chen C, Liu M, Wang X, Yang JL, Taylor RA, Jiang X, Yu A. Carbon-Coated Gold Nanorods: A Facile Route to Biocompatible Materials for Photothermal Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:25658-25668. [PMID: 26535913 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods and their core-shell nanocomposites have been widely studied because of their well-defined anisotropy and unique optical properties and applications. This study demonstrates a facile hydrothermal synthesis strategy for generating carbon coating on gold nanorods (AuNRs@C) under mild conditions (<200 °C), where the carbon shell is composed of polymerized sugar molecules (glucose). The structure and composition of the produced core-shell nanocomposites were characterized using advanced microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The functional properties, particularly the photothermal and biocompatibility properties of the produced AuNRs@C, were quantified to assess their potential in photothermal hyperthermia. These AuNRs@C were tested in vitro (under representative treatment conditions) using near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. It was found that the AuNRs produced here exhibit exemplary heat generation capability. Temperature changes of 10.5, 9, and 8 °C for AuNRs@C were observed with carbon shell thicknesses of 10, 17, and 25 nm, respectively, at a concentration of 50 μM, after 600 s of irradiation with a laser power of 0.17 W/cm(2). In addition, the synthesized AuNRs@C also exhibit good biocompatibility toward two soft tissue sarcoma cell lines (HT1080, a fibrosarcoma; and GCT, a fibrous histiocytoma). The cell viability study shows that AuNRs@C (at a concentration of <0.1 mg/mL) core-shell particles induce significantly lower cytotoxicity on both HT1080 and GCT cell lines, as compared with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-capped AuNRs. Furthermore, similar to PEG-modified AuNRs, they are also safe to both HT1080 and GCT cell lines. This biocompatibility results from a surface full of -OH or -COH groups, which are suitable for linking and are nontoxic Therefore, the AuNRs@C represent a viable alternative to PEG-coated AuNRs for facile synthesis and improved photothermal conversion. Overall, these findings open up a new class of carbon-coated nanostructures that are biocompatible and could potentially be employed in a wide range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Valentino Kaneti
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Chuyang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Minsu Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Sarcoma and Nanooncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, prince of Wales Clinical School and Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jia Lin Yang
- Sarcoma and Nanooncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, prince of Wales Clinical School and Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Allen Taylor
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, The University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Xuchuan Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Aibing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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21
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Hydroxy, carboxylic and amino acid functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro anti-cancer studies. J CHEM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-015-0876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Srivastava V, Gusain D, Sharma YC. Critical Review on the Toxicity of Some Widely Used Engineered Nanoparticles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Deepak Gusain
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Yogesh Chandra Sharma
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
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24
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Gupta MK, Bajpai J, Bajpai AK. Preparation and characterizations of superparamagnetic iron oxide-embedded poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) nanocarriers. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meher Kanta Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Memorial Research Laboratory; Government Autonomous Science College; Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh 482002 India
| | - Jaya Bajpai
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Memorial Research Laboratory; Government Autonomous Science College; Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh 482002 India
| | - Anil Kumar Bajpai
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Memorial Research Laboratory; Government Autonomous Science College; Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh 482002 India
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25
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Gong A, Ping W, Wang J, Zhu X. Cyclodextrin polymer/Fe3O4 nanocomposites as solid phase extraction material coupled with UV-vis spectrometry for the analysis of rutin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 122:331-336. [PMID: 24317259 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, carboxymethyl-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polymer modified magnetic particles Fe3O4 (CM-HP-β-CDCP-MNPs) were prepared and applied to magnetic solid phase extraction of rutin combined with UV-visible spectrometry detection. The synthesized magnetic particles were characterized by element analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectra, thermal gravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. Several variables affecting the extraction and desorption of rutin such as pH, the amount of adsorbent, the type and volume of eluent, extraction and desorption time, and temperature were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity was 67.0 mg g(-1) for rutin with the equilibrium time of 30 min at room temperature, and the adsorbent could be reused for 10 times. A calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.05-8.00 μg mL(-1) with a relative standard deviation of 2.9% (n=5, c=4.0 μg mL(-1)). The limit of detection was 7.0 ng mL(-1). The interaction mechanism between the adsorbent and rutin was also studied. Feasibility of this method was validated by the analysis of rutin tablets and lotus plumule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Gong
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China; Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Wenhui Ping
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Jue Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Xiashi Zhu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
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Zhang C, Mo Z, Teng G, Wang B, Guo R, Zhang P. Superparamagnetic functional C@Fe3O4 nanoflowers: development and application in acetaminophen delivery. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:5908-5915. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20892c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Promising iron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles in biomedical engineering. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:2045-61. [PMID: 23263800 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-1203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
For the past few decades biomedical engineering has imprinted its significant impact on the map of science through its wide applications on many other fields. An important example obviously proving this fact is the versatile application of magnetic nanoparticles in theranostics. Due to preferable properties such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity compared to other metal derivations, iron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles was chosen to be addressed in this review. Aim of this review is to give the readers a whole working window of these magnetic nanoparticles in the current context of science. Thus, preparation of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with the so-far techniques, methods of characterizing the nanoparticles as well as their most recent biomedical applications will be stated.
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