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Papadopoulos Z. The role of the cytokine TNF-α in choroidal neovascularization: a systematic review. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:25-32. [PMID: 37380786 PMCID: PMC10764737 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02634-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF-α is a multifunctional cytokine produced by macrophages and T cells. This proinflammatory substance is considered to play a crucial role in the inflammatory process associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The current review aimed to describe evidence for an association between TNF-α and AMD reported in various studies. The MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed and Global Health databases were systematically searched to identify studies that investigated the role of TNF-α in AMD. A total of 24 studies were deemed eligible for the review. To better understand and integrate the evidence, the studies were categorised into four major groups in relation to the role of TNF-α in AMD: (1) those examining biological signalling pathways through which TNF-α exerts its effect; (2) investigating levels of TNF-α; (3) exploring the genetics underlying the role of TNF-α; and (4) assessing anti-TNF-α agents as potential treatments for AMD. TNF-α is thought to directly contribute to choroidal neovascularization (CNV) enhancement and has been shown to exert its effect by augmenting the inflammatory response through other signalling pathways. Additionally, different genes have been found to be associated with activities linked to TNF-α in AMD. Overall, measurement of systemic and local levels of TNF-α has not yielded consistent findings, with variable conclusions for the role of anti-TNF-α agents in remission of AMD symptoms. The role of TNF-α in neovascular AMD is not clear, and not all anti-TNF-α agents are safe. The potential of this cytokine in atrophic AMD has not been examined. Future studies should address these unresolved questions.
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2
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Liu W, Bai D, Kou L. Comparison of infliximab with adalimumab for the treatment of non-infectious uveitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:240. [PMID: 37248486 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the efficacy and safety of infliximab with that of adalimumab in the treatment of non-infectious uveitis (NIU). METHODS We searched for relevant studies in the PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library databases, Grey Matters, Grey Literature Report, OpenGrey, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang databases up to September 2022. The incidences of complete remission of inflammation, response to therapy, adverse events and corticosteroid-sparing effect were evaluated. RESULTS Eleven clinical trials covering 1459 NIU patients were included. Complete remission of inflammation after therapy was achieved in 161 (37.5%) patients in the infliximab group and 151 (39.6%) patients in the adalimumab group. These two groups were not significantly different (P = 0.37). Four studies reported response to anti-TNF therapy involving 449 patients, of whom 241/272 (88.6%) treated with infliximab and 153/177 (86.4%) treated with adalimumab achieved partial or complete remission of inflammation. No significant difference was observed between the two cohorts in terms of response to therapy (P = 0.86). There was no significant difference between infliximab and adalimumab with regard to corticosteroid-sparing effect (P = 0.58). The pooled effect size (P = 0.001) showed a statistically significant difference, with the incidence of adverse events being 17.91% for infliximab and 12.12% for adalimumab. CONCLUSION Our systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 studies suggests that infliximab and adalimumab have similar therapeutic efficacy and corticosteroid-sparing effect in patients with NIU. However, adalimumab has a marginal advantage over infliximab in terms of adverse events. Large-scale RCTs with a longer follow-up are required to further evaluate these two anti-TNF-α agents in patients with NIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 47 Bashan East Rd., Hanbin Dist, Ankang City, 725000, China
| | - Dan Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 47 Bashan East Rd., Hanbin Dist, Ankang City, 725000, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lieling Kou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 47 Bashan East Rd., Hanbin Dist, Ankang City, 725000, China.
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3
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Martínez-Aguilar LM, Ibarra-Sánchez A, Guerrero-Morán DJ, Macías-Silva M, Muñoz-Bello JO, Padilla A, Lizano M, González-Espinosa C. Lysophosphatidylinositol Promotes Chemotaxis and Cytokine Synthesis in Mast Cells with Differential Participation of GPR55 and CB2 Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076316. [PMID: 37047288 PMCID: PMC10094727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are the main participants in the control of immune reactions associated with inflammation, allergies, defense against pathogens, and tumor growth. Bioactive lipids are lipophilic compounds able to modulate MC activation. Here, we explored some of the effects of the bioactive lipid lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) on MCs. Utilizing murine bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs), we found that LPI did not cause degranulation, but slightly increased FcεRI-dependent β-hexosaminidase release. However, LPI induced strong chemotaxis together with changes in LIM kinase (LIMK) and cofilin phosphorylation. LPI also promoted modifications to actin cytoskeleton dynamics that were detected by an increase in cell size and interruptions in the continuity of the cortical actin ring. The chemotaxis and cortical actin ring changes were dependent on GPR55 receptor activation, since the specific agonist O1602 mimicked the effects of LPI and the selective antagonist ML193 prevented them. The LPI and O1602-dependent stimulation of BMMC also led to VEGF, TNF, IL-1α, and IL-1β mRNA accumulation, but, in contrast with chemotaxis-related processes, the effects on cytokine transcription were dependent on GPR55 and cannabinoid (CB) 2 receptors, since they were sensitive to ML193 and to the specific CB2 receptor antagonist AM630. Remarkably, GPR55-dependent BMMC chemotaxis was observed towards conditioned media from distinct mouse and human cancer cells. Our data suggest that LPI induces the chemotaxis of MCs and leads to cytokine production in MC in vitro with the differential participation of GPR55 and CB2 receptors. These effects could play a significant role in the recruitment of MCs to tumors and the production of MC-derived pro-angiogenic factors in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Magnolia Martínez-Aguilar
- Departamento de Farmacobiología Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur. Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14330, Mexico; (L.M.M.-A.); (A.I.-S.); (D.J.G.-M.)
| | - Alfredo Ibarra-Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur. Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14330, Mexico; (L.M.M.-A.); (A.I.-S.); (D.J.G.-M.)
| | - Daniel José Guerrero-Morán
- Departamento de Farmacobiología Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur. Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14330, Mexico; (L.M.M.-A.); (A.I.-S.); (D.J.G.-M.)
| | - Marina Macías-Silva
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Jesús Omar Muñoz-Bello
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No 22, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.O.M.-B.); (M.L.)
| | - Alejandro Padilla
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universtiaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No 22, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.O.M.-B.); (M.L.)
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Claudia González-Espinosa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur. Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14330, Mexico; (L.M.M.-A.); (A.I.-S.); (D.J.G.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación sobre Envejecimiento (CIE), Cinvestav, Unidad Sede Sur. Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235 Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14400, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5554-832800
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HSP70 and TNF Loci Polymorphism Associated with the Posner-Schlossman Syndrome in a Southern Chinese Population. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:5242948. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5242948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that HLA gene polymorphisms are associated with the pathogenesis of the Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS). This study was aimed at evaluating the associations between HLA-III gene polymorphisms and PSS in a southern Chinese Han population. A total of 150 PSS patients and 183 healthy controls were included in this study. Twenty-one single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of HLA-III genes (including HSP70-1, HSP70-2, HSP70-hom, TNF-α, TNF-β, C2, and CFB) were genotyped using the SNaPshot technique. Our study showed that the frequencies of G allele at rs909253, A allele at rs1041981, and G allele at rs2844484 of TNF-β in the patient group were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (Corrected
,
;
,
;
,
, respectively). The frequency of T allele at rs12190359 of HSP70-1 was significantly lower in PSS patients than those in healthy controls (
and
). The frequencies of the CCT haplotype of HSP70-1 gene (rs1008438-rs562047-rs12190359) and the ACCCTTT haplotype of HSP70 gene (rs2227956-rs1043618-rs1008438-rs562047-rs12190359-rs2763979-rs6457452) were significantly lower in PSS patients than those in healthy controls (
,
;
,
, respectively). In conclusion, the G allele at rs909253, A allele at rs1041981, and G allele at rs2844484 of TNF-β gene might be risk factors for PSS, while the T allele at rs12190359 of HSP70-1 gene and specific haplotypes of the HSP70-1 and HSP70 genes might be protective factors for PSS.
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Renton WD, Jung J, Palestine AG. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors for juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 10:CD013818. [PMID: 36239193 PMCID: PMC9562090 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013818.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveitis is the most common extra-articular manifestation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and a potentially sight-threatening condition characterized by intraocular inflammation. Current treatment for JIA-associated uveitis (JIA-U) is largely based on physician experience, observational evidence and consensus guidelines, resulting in considerable variations in practice. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors used for treatment of JIA-U. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); Ovid MEDLINE; Embase.com; PubMed; Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature Database (LILACS); ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). We last searched the electronic databases on 3 February 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing TNF inhibitors with placebo in participants with a diagnosis of JIA and uveitis who were aged 2 to 18 years old. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methodology and graded the certainty of the body of evidence for seven outcomes using the GRADE classification. MAIN RESULTS We included three RCTs with 134 participants. One study conducted in the USA randomized participants to etanercept or placebo (N = 12). Two studies, one conducted in the UK (N = 90) and one in France (N = 32), randomized participants to adalimumab or placebo. All studies were at low risk of bias. Initial pooled estimates suggested that TNF-inhibitors may result in little to no difference on treatment success defined as 0 to trace cells on Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN)-grading; or two-step decrease in activity based on SUN grading (estimated risk ratio (RR) 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21 to 2.10; 2 studies; 43 participants; low-certainty evidence) or treatment failure defined as a two-step increase in activity based on SUN grading (RR 0.31; 95% CI 0.01 to 7.15; 1 study; 31 participants; low-certainty evidence). Further analysis using the individual trial definitions of treatment response and failure suggested a positive treatment effect of TNF inhibitors; a RR of treatment success of 2.60 (95% CI 1.30 to 5.20; 3 studies; 124 participants; low-certainty evidence), and RR of treatment failure of 0.23 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.50; 3 studies; 133 participants). Almost all the evidence was on adalimumab and the evidence on etanercept was very limited. For secondary outcomes, one study suggests that adalimumab may have little to no effect on risk of recurrence after induction of remission at three months (RR 2.50, 95% CI 0.31 to 20.45; 90 participants; very low-certainty evidence) and visual acuity, but the evidence is very uncertain; mean difference in longitudinal logMAR score change over six months was -0.01 (95% CI -0.06 to 0.03) and -0.02 (95% CI -0.07 to 0.03) using the best and worst logMAR measurement, respectively (low-certainty evidence). Low-certainty evidence from one study suggested that adalimumab treatment results in reduction of topical steroid doses at six months (hazard ratio 3.58; 95% CI 1.24 to 10.32; 74 participants who took one or more topical steroid per day at baseline). Adverse events, including injection site reactions and infections, were more common in the TNF inhibitor group. Serious adverse events were uncommon. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Adalimumab appears to increase the likelihood of treatment success and decrease the likelihood of treatment failure when compared with placebo. The evidence was less conclusive about a positive treatment effect with etanercept. Adverse events from JIA-U trials are in keeping with the known side effect profile of TNF inhibitors. Standard validated JIA-U outcome measures are required to homogenize assessment and to allow for comparison and analysis of multiple datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Renton
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Alan G Palestine
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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6
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Buggage RR, Bordet T. Gene Therapy for Uveitis. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2021; 61:249-270. [PMID: 34584061 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ji H, Zhang N, Zhu M, Dong J, Jiang Z. Elevated Serum Immunoglobulin E Levels are Associated with the Severity of Newly Diagnosed, Acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease. Curr Eye Res 2021; 47:102-106. [PMID: 34264155 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1951299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and severity of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. METHODS The medical records of patients with VKH disease between 2015 and 2020 were reviewed. Serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgE, IgG, and IgM), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Patients were divided into IgE-positive (IgE ≥ 100 IU/mL) and IgE-negative (IgE < 100 IU/mL) groups. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and macular morphologic characteristics including foveal thickness (FT), serous retinal detachment (SRD), sensory retinal thickness (SRT), central foveal thickness (CFT), cube volume (V), and cube average thickness (AT) were determined in patients in both groups. RESULTS Of 128 patients included in the study, 35 (27.34%) patients were IgE-positive, BCVA (logMAR) was worse in the IgE-positive group. The mean CRP (P= .012) and TNFα (P≤ 0.001) levels were greater in the IgE-positive group than in the IgE-negative group. Regarding macular morphologic characteristics, FT (P= .010), SDR (P= .004), CFT (P= .008), V (P= .013), and AT (P= .006) were significantly greater in the IgE-positive group than in the IgE-negative group. CONCLUSIONS Elevated serum IgE levels were associated with more severe macular changes in patients with VKH disease. These findings suggest that IgE may be involved in the progression of VKH disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Ji
- Department of Laboratory, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Maoli Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhong Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijian Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
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8
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Pleyer U, Neri P, Deuter C. New pharmacotherapy options for noninfectious posterior uveitis. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:2265-2281. [PMID: 33634341 PMCID: PMC8172489 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Noninfectious inflammation of the posterior eye segment represents an important cause of visual impairment. It often affects relatively young people and causes a significant personal and social impact. Although steroids and nonbiologic- Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (nbDMARDs) are effective both in acute and long- lasting diseases, however they are increasingly being replaced by biologic (DMARDs). bDMARD. This article therefore aims to identify recent advances in the therapy of noninfectious posterior segment uveitis. METHODS A Medline-search was conducted using the terms: nbDMARD, bDMARD, posterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, treatment, corticosteroid. In addition, clinical studies were included as registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. RESULTS Currently two major lines of treatments can be identified: (1) the intraocular application of anti-inflammatory agents and (2) the introduction of new agents, e.g., (bDMARDs) and small-molecule-inhibitors. Whereas intravitreal treatments have the advantage to avoid systemic side effects, new systemic agents are progressively earning credit on the basis of their therapeutic effects. CONCLUSION Even when current treatment strategies are still hampered by the limited number of randomized controlled trials, promising progress and continuous efforts are seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Pleyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Piergiorgio Neri
- Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Christoph Deuter
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Shi X, Zhu S, Jin H, Fang J, Xing X, Wang Y, Wang H, Wang C, Niu T, Liu K. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of KS23, A Novel Peptide Derived From Globular Adiponectin, on Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:585446. [PMID: 33510636 PMCID: PMC7835799 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.585446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Adiponectin has been shown to exert potent anti-inflammatory activities in a range of systemic inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of KS23, a globular adiponectin-derived peptide, on endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. Methods: EIU was induced in Lewis rats by subcutaneous injection of LPS into a single footpad. KS23 or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was administered immediately after LPS induction via intravitreal injection. Twenty-four hours later, clinical and histopathological scores were evaluated, and the aqueous humor (AqH) was collected to determine the infiltrating cells, protein concentration, and levels of inflammatory cytokines. In vitro, cultured RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of KS23, inflammatory cytokine levels in the supernatant, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65, and the expression of NF-kB signaling pathway components were analyzed. Results: KS23 treatment significantly ameliorated the clinical and histopathological scores of EIU rats and reduced the levels of infiltration cells, protein, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the aqueous humor. Consistently, KS23 decreased the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in the supernatant of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and inhibited the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and the phosphorylation of IKKα/β/IκBα/NF-κB. Conclusion: The in vivo and in vitro results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of the peptide KS23 and suggested that KS23 is a compelling, novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of ocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaopin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyi Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Junwei Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xindan Xing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Chingyi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Wakefield D, Clarke D, McCluskey P. Recent Developments in HLA B27 Anterior Uveitis. Front Immunol 2021; 11:608134. [PMID: 33469457 PMCID: PMC7813675 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been steady progress in understanding the pathogenesis, clinical features, and effective treatment of acute anterior uveitis (AU) over the past 5 years. Large gene wide association studies have confirmed that AU is a polygenic disease, with overlaps with the seronegative arthropathies and inflammatory bowel diseases, associations that have been repeatedly confirmed in clinical studies. The role of the microbiome in AU has received increased research attention, with recent evidence indicating that human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA B27) may influence the composition of the gut microbiome in experimental animals. Extensive clinical investigations have confirmed the typical features of acute AU (AAU) and its response to topical, regional and systemic immunosuppressive treatment. Increased understanding of the role of cytokines has resulted in studies confirming the value of anti-cytokine therapy [anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) therapy] in severe and recurrent cases of AAU, particularly in subjects with an associated spondyloarthopathy (SpA) and in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated AAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Wakefield
- Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology and South Eastern Sydney, LHD, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Clarke
- Department of Medicine, South Eastern Sydney, LHD, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter McCluskey
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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11
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Jung J, Khachatryan N, Palestine A. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors for juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Hippokratia 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Naira Khachatryan
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Alan Palestine
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora Colorado USA
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Guo J, Lei M, Cheng F, Liu Y, Zhou M, Zheng W, Zhou Y, Gong R, Liu Z. RNA-binding proteins tristetraprolin and human antigen R are novel modulators of podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:413. [PMID: 32487989 PMCID: PMC7265504 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common complications of diabetes, and the most common cause of end-stage renal disease, for which no effective therapies are yet available. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a pivotal role in epigenetic regulation; tristetraprolin (TTP) and human antigen R (HuR) competitively bind cytokine mRNAs, exert contrasting effects on RNA stability, and drive inflammation. However, RBPs’ roles in diabetes-related glomerulopathy are poorly understood. Herein, we investigated whether TTP and HuR are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of podocytopathic molecules and inflammatory cytokines in DKD. In DKD patients and db/db mice, TTP expression was significantly decreased and HuR expression was increased in glomerular podocytes, concurrent with podocyte injury, histological signs of DKD, and augmented glomerular expression of interleukin (IL)-17 and claudin-1, which are targets of TTP and HuR, as evidenced by RNA immunoprecipitation. In cultured podocytes, exposure to high ambient glucose amplified HuR expression and repressed TTP expression, upregulated IL-17 and claudin-1, and promoted podocyte injury. Thus, TTP hypoactivity or HuR hyperactivity is sufficient and essential to diabetic podocytopathy. Moreover, in silico analysis revealed that several kinases govern phosphorylation and activation of TTP and HuR, and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β activated both TTP and HuR, which harbor putative GSK-3β consensus phosphorylation motifs. Treatment of db/db mice with a small molecule inhibitor of GSK-3β abrogated the changes in TTP and HuR in glomeruli and mitigated the overexpression of their target genes (IL-17, claudin-1, B7-1, and MCP-1) thus also mitigating proteinuria and DKD pathology. Our study indicates that TTP and HuR are dysregulated in DKD via a GSK-3β-mediated mechanism and play crucial roles in podocyte injury through post-transcriptional regulation of diverse genes. It also provides novel insights into DKD’s pathophysiology and identifies potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Division of Kidney disease and Hypertension, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Min Lei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Mengwen Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yali Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Rujun Gong
- Division of Kidney disease and Hypertension, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI, 02903, USA. .,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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Guedes MCE, Arroz MJ, Martins C, Angelo-Dias M, Proença RD, Borrego LM. Regulatory T cells and IL-17A levels in noninfectious uveitis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 258:1269-1278. [PMID: 32200408 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been intensively studied in a myriad of autoimmune diseases. As for noninfectious uveitis (NIU), results have been contradictory, and studies have failed to demonstrate a consistent reduction in Treg cell frequency in patients with active disease. The present study aims to characterize T lymphocyte subsets, including naïve and memory Tregs as well as their respective CD39 expression, in the peripheral blood of NIU patients. Inflammatory as well as suppressive cytokine profiles were also evaluated. METHODS T cell subpopulations were evaluated by multiparametric flow cytometry using anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD45, anti-CD45RA, anti-CD197, anti-CD25, anti-CD127, and anti-CD39. Treg cells were defined as CD3 + CD4+CD25hiCD127low. A multiplex bead-based immunoassay was used to determine TNF-α, IFN-ɣ, IL-17A, IL-10, and TGF-β levels. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients with active NIU were included as well as 15 sex- and age-matched controls. There were no significant differences in T lymphocyte subsets, including Tregs, between patients and controls. However, patients with a lower grade of anterior chamber or vitreous inflammatory cellular reaction showed higher memory Treg counts than controls, with no respective increase in CD39+ expression, and a tendency for higher IL-17A levels (p = 0.06). This IL-17A elevation was present in the total NIU group (p = 0.08) as well as a positive correlation between IL-17A levels and the absolute counts of memory Tregs (p = 0.013; R = 0.465). Patients with higher IL-17A levels also showed higher serum concentrations of memory (p = 0.001) and naïve (p = 0.003) Tregs as well as elevated TNF-α (p < 0.0001) and IFN-ɣ (p = 0.016) levels. Negative correlations were observed between IL-10 and TGF-β levels and the percentages of memory (p = 0.030; R = - 0.411) and total CD39+ Tregs (p = 0.051; R = - 0.373) in the peripheral blood of NIU patients. CONCLUSION Our results showed that total Treg levels were not reduced in patients with NIU. Further characterization of Treg subsets, including memory Tregs and respective CD39 expression, may provide additional insight on the role of Treg cells in NIU. Consistent high levels of circulating IL-17A in NIU patients are in accordance with previous studies and reinforce this cytokine's vital role in uveitis pathogenesis and its possible use as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Jorge Arroz
- Clinical Pathology Department, Western Lisbon Hospital Center-São Francisco Xavier Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Martins
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School and Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Angelo-Dias
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School and Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Daniel Proença
- Coimbra Surgical Center and Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis Miguel Borrego
- Luz Lisbon Hospital and CEDOC, NOVA Medical School and Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Lisbon, Portugal
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Xu J, Qin Y, Chang R, Tan H, Wang Q, Su G, Cao Q, Kijlstra A, Yang P. Aqueous cytokine levels in four common uveitis entities. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 78:106021. [PMID: 31776091 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate aqueous cytokine profiles in acute anterior uveitis (AAU), Fuchs' syndrome, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease and Behcet's disease (BD), we assayed the concentrations of 17 cytokines by multiplex immunoassay in aqueous humor (AqH) collected during cataract surgery from 24 AAU, 29 Fuchs' syndrome, 29 VKH disease, 30 BD and 30 senile cataract control patients. Aqueous cytokine levels were compared between the five groups and analysed by logistic regression. Cytokine levels were then compared between uveitis patients who underwent cataract surgery within 3 months and those who underwent this surgery more than 3 months after complete control of intraocular inflammation. The results showed that aqueous levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in AqH from patients with Fuchs' syndrome were significantly higher than those in the other four groups. Using multivariate analysis, MIP-1β was found to be significantly associated with Fuchs' syndrome. There was no difference in aqueous cytokine levels between cases having cataract surgery within 3 months compared to those after 3 months of complete control of their intraocular inflammation. The current study shows that Chinese patients with Fuchs' syndrome appear to have a specific cytokine profile. MIP-1β is an important chemokine in the intraocular environment of Fuchs' syndrome. Aqueous cytokine profiles support the performance of cataract surgery in uveitis within 3 months after intraocular inflammation control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yang Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Rui Chang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Handan Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China.
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16
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Paschalis EI, Taniguchi EV, Chodosh J, Pasquale LR, Colby K, Dohlman CH, Shen LQ. Blood Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Its Type 2 Receptor Are Elevated in Patients with Boston Type I Keratoprosthesis. Curr Eye Res 2019; 44:599-606. [PMID: 30632412 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1568500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Boston keratoprosthesis (KPro) patients are prone to glaucoma even with well-controlled intraocular pressure (IOP). Recent experimental data have shown that soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) after ocular injury may contribute to progressive retinal damage and subsequent glaucoma. This study evaluates the blood plasma levels of soluble TNF-α, TNF receptors 1 (TNFR1) and 2 (TNFR2), and leptin in patients with Boston type I KPro. Methods: Venous blood samples were collected from KPro patients with glaucoma (KPro G, n = 19), KPro patients without glaucoma (KPro NoG, n = 12), primary angle closure glaucoma without KPro (PACG, n = 13), and narrow angles without glaucoma or KPro (NA, n = 21). TNF-α, TNFR1, TNFR2, and leptin levels were quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was assessed using the Westergren test. Patients with underlying autoimmune conditions or diabetes were excluded from the study. Results: All groups had similar age, body mass index (BMI), IOP, and ESR (p ≥ 0.11). The mean time from KPro surgery to blood draw was 5.3 ± 3.7 years. Compared to NA patients (0.72 ± 0.3 pg/ml), KPro G and KPro NoG patients had higher blood plasma levels of TNF-α (1.18 ± 0.58 pg/ml, p = 0.006; 1.16 ± 0.50 pg/ml, p = 0.04, respectively). Similarly, KPro G patients had higher blood plasma levels of TNFR2 (2768 ± 1368 pg/ml) than NA patients (2020 ± 435 pg/ml, p = 0.048). In multivariate analysis, KPro status remained positively associated with TNF-α levels (β = 0.36; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.14-0.58; p = 0.002) and TNFR2 levels (β = 458.3; 95% CI: 32.8-883.7; p = 0.035) after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, glaucoma status, and ESR. TNFR1 and leptin levels were not significantly different in the study groups. Conclusions: We detected elevated serum levels of TNF-α and TNFR2 in KPro patients. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish TNF-α and TNFR2 as serum biomarkers related to KPro surgery. Abbreviations: BCVA: best corrected visual acuity; BMI: body mass index; CDR: cup-to-disc ratio; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HVF: Humphrey visual field; IOP: intraocular pressure; KPro G: keratoprosthesis with glaucoma; KPro NoG: keratoprosthesis without glaucoma; KPro: keratoprosthesis; MD: mean deviation; NA: narrow angle; non-KPro: without keratoprosthesis; PACG: primary angle closure glaucoma; RNFL: retinal nerve fiber layer; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; TNFR1: tumor necrosis factor receptor 1; TNFR2: tumor necrosis factor receptor 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios I Paschalis
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear , Boston , MA , USA.,b Boston Keratoprosthesis Laboratory , Massachusetts Eye and Ear - Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,c Disruptive Technology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology , Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Elise V Taniguchi
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear , Boston , MA , USA.,b Boston Keratoprosthesis Laboratory , Massachusetts Eye and Ear - Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,d Department of Ophthalmology , Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - James Chodosh
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear , Boston , MA , USA.,b Boston Keratoprosthesis Laboratory , Massachusetts Eye and Ear - Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,c Disruptive Technology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology , Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- e Department of Ophthalmology , Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital , New York , NY , USA
| | - Kathryn Colby
- f Department of Ophthalmology , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Claes H Dohlman
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear , Boston , MA , USA.,b Boston Keratoprosthesis Laboratory , Massachusetts Eye and Ear - Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Lucy Q Shen
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear , Boston , MA , USA
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van Bentum RE, Heslinga SC, Nurmohamed MT, Gerards AH, Griep EN, Koehorst CB, Kok MR, Schilder AM, Verhoef M, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE. Reduced Occurrence Rate of Acute Anterior Uveitis in Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated with Golimumab — The GO-EASY Study. J Rheumatol 2018; 46:153-159. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.180312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) is common in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Golimumab (GOL), a tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor (TNFi), has proven to be effective in the treatment of AS. To date, the effect of GOL on the incidence of AAU in AS is unknown. The objective was to study the AAU occurrence rate in patients with AS during GOL treatment and secondarily, the efficacy of GOL in daily clinical practice.Methods.The study was a multicenter prospective study in a real-world setting in patients with AS who were treated with GOL for 12 months. The occurrence of AAU was assessed in the year before the initial TNFi treatment and during GOL treatment and calculated for the period at risk for a new AAU. Measures for disease activity [Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS)] and treatment response [Assessment of Spondyloarthritis international Society (ASAS20 score)] were collected.Results.In total, 93 patients (65% male, 55% TNFi-naive, 27% history of AAU) were included, with a median disease duration of 7 years and ASDAS score of 3.1. During GOL treatment, the AAU occurrence rate was reduced from 11.1 to 2.2 per 100 patient-years (rate-ratio 0.20, 95% CI 0.04–0.91). After 3 months of treatment, 41% of the patients experienced a clinically important improvement of the ASDAS score (p < 0.001) and 36% an ASDAS20 response (p < 0.001). At month 12, 49% had achieved an ASAS20 response (p < 0.001).Conclusion.In AS, the AAU occurrence rate and disease activity decreased significantly during GOL treatment. Therefore, GOL can be considered a good choice in patients with AS who need a TNFi, especially in cases of recurrent AAU. (EudraCT number: 2012-002458-21)
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The Management of Acute Anterior Uveitis Complicating Spondyloarthritis: Present and Future. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9460187. [PMID: 30406148 PMCID: PMC6204187 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9460187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spondyloarthropathies (SpA) encompass a group of chronic inflammatory diseases sharing common genetic and clinical features, including the association with HLA-B27 antigen, the involvement of both the axial and the peripheral skeleton, the presence of dactylitis, enthesitis, and typical extra-articular manifestations such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and acute anterior uveitis (AAU). The latter is commonly reported as a noninfectious acute inflammation of the anterior uveal tract and its adjacent structures. AAU may affect more than 20% of SpA patients representing the most common extra-articular manifestation of the disease. Considering the potential consequences of untreated AAU, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are crucial to avoid complications of remittent or chronic eye inflammation, such as visual loss and blindness. The management of SpA has dramatically improved over the last decades due to the development of new treat-to-target strategies and to the introduction of biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (TNFis), currently used for the treatment of nonresponder patients to conventional synthetic agents. Along with the improvement of musculoskeletal features of SpA, bDMARDs provided an additional effect also in the management of AAU in those patients who are failures to topical and systemic conventional therapies. Nowadays, five TNFis, one interleukin-17, and one interleukin 12/23 blocker are licensed for the treatment of SpA, with different proven efficacy in preventing and treating ocular involvement. The aim of this review is to summarize the current options and to analyze the future perspectives for the management of SpA-associated AAU.
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Kim MJ, Lee EE, Lee EY, Song YW, Yu HG, Choi Y, Lee EB. Preventive effect of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors versus nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on uveitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 37:2763-2770. [PMID: 30076542 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To compare the preventive effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors (anti-TNF antibody and soluble TNF receptor fusion protein (TNFR)) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on uveitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This retrospective cohort study included all AS patients (n = 1055) who have been treated with either TNF inhibitor or NSAIDs at the Seoul National University Hospital from 2004 to 2016. Treatment episodes of each patient were assigned to anti-TNF antibody (n = 517), TNFR (n = 341), and NSAID (n = 704) groups. The incidence of uveitis in each group was compared using a Cox proportional hazard model. The incidence rates of uveitis before and after initiation of TNF inhibitors were also assessed. A propensity score-matched (PSM) comparison was performed for a sensitivity analysis. Uveitis was significantly less common in the anti-TNF antibody group than the NSAID group (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29-0.96) while it was higher in the TNFR group (adjusted HR 2.25, 95% CI 1.43-3.53). Anti-TNF antibody further reduced the incidence of uveitis when prescribed with NSAIDs (combination therapy) (adjusted HR 0.39; 95% CI 0.19-0.79). Combination therapy was preventive in AS patients with a history of uveitis (adjusted HR 0.31; 95% CI 0.12-0.81), but not in those without history of uveitis. The incidence rate of uveitis fell from 6.36 to 2.60 per 100 person-years when anti-TNF antibody was added to NSAIDs. Anti-TNF antibody plus NSAIDs reduces the risk of uveitis to a greater extent than NSAIDs alone in AS patients with a history of uveitis. Combination therapy may be an effective secondary prevention measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Emily Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Wook Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Gon Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yunhee Choi
- Division of Medical Statistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Bong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
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Vision-Threatening Behcet's Disease: Severity of Ocular Involvement Predictors. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:9518065. [PMID: 29854430 PMCID: PMC5944234 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9518065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine and spot systemic findings commonly associated with a serious form of ocular Behcet's disease. This could potentially help ophthalmologists categorize their patients based on future risk and plan treatment accordingly. Subjects and Methods The data of 249 patients with Behcet's disease were examined thoroughly. Correlations between systemic and ocular findings were recorded. Patients were further subgrouped by the authors as having a vision-threatening form of the disease or not. Regression analysis was done to spot predictors for a vision-threatening form of the disease. Results The presence of systemic vasculitis and oral and genital ulcers in a patient with Behcet's disease was found to be associated with a milder form of ocular affection or none at all and vice versa. Certain correlations between findings were also found. Conclusion Certain findings in Behcet's disease may act as predictors for the severity of ocular affection. Directing our attention to these factors by the internist and ophthalmologist can help plan the frequency of follow-up as well as the aggressiveness of treatment in patients with Behcet's disease.
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Ray M, Gabunia K, Vrakas CN, Herman AB, Kako F, Kelemen SE, Grisanti LA, Autieri MV. Genetic Deletion of IL-19 (Interleukin-19) Exacerbates Atherogenesis in Il19-/-× Ldlr-/- Double Knockout Mice by Dysregulation of mRNA Stability Protein HuR (Human Antigen R). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1297-1308. [PMID: 29674474 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that loss of IL-19 (interleukin-19) exacerbates atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Il19-/- mice were crossed into Ldlr-/- (low-density lipoprotein receptor knock out) mice. Double knockout (dKO) mice had increased plaque burden in aortic arch and root compared with Ldlr-/- controls after 14 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD). dKO mice injected with 10 ng/g per day rmIL-19 had significantly less plaque compared with controls. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed dKO mice had increased systemic and intraplaque polarization of T cells and macrophages to proinflammatory Th1 and M1 phenotypes, and also significantly increased TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α expression in spleen and aortic arch compared with Ldlr-/- controls. Bone marrow transplantation suggests that immune cells participate in IL-19 protection. Bone marrow-derived macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from dKO mice had a significantly greater expression of inflammatory cytokine mRNA and protein compared with controls. Spleen and aortic arch from dKO mice had significantly increased expression of the mRNA stability protein HuR (human antigen R). Bone marrow-derived macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell isolated from dKO mice also had greater HuR abundance. HuR stabilizes proinflammatory transcripts by binding AU-rich elements in the 3' untranslated region. Cytokine and HuR mRNA stability were increased in dKO bone marrow-derived macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell, which was rescued by addition of IL-19 to these cells. IL-19-induced expression of miR133a, which targets and reduced HuR abundance; miR133a levels were lower in dKO mice compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that IL-19 is an atheroprotective cytokine which decreases the abundance of HuR, leading to reduced inflammatory mRNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Ray
- From the Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.R., K.G., C.N.V., A.B.H., F.K., S.E.K., M.V.A.)
| | - Khatuna Gabunia
- From the Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.R., K.G., C.N.V., A.B.H., F.K., S.E.K., M.V.A.)
| | - Christine N Vrakas
- From the Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.R., K.G., C.N.V., A.B.H., F.K., S.E.K., M.V.A.)
| | - Allison B Herman
- From the Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.R., K.G., C.N.V., A.B.H., F.K., S.E.K., M.V.A.)
| | - Farah Kako
- From the Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.R., K.G., C.N.V., A.B.H., F.K., S.E.K., M.V.A.)
| | - Sheri E Kelemen
- From the Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.R., K.G., C.N.V., A.B.H., F.K., S.E.K., M.V.A.)
| | - Laurel A Grisanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia (L.A.G.)
| | - Michael V Autieri
- From the Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.R., K.G., C.N.V., A.B.H., F.K., S.E.K., M.V.A.)
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MiRNA-29c regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines in diabetic nephropathy by targeting tristetraprolin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2314. [PMID: 28539664 PMCID: PMC5443806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most prevalent chronic complications of Diabetes mellitus, but its pathogenesis remains elusive. This study was designed to determine the role of tristetraprolin (TTP), inflammatory cytokines and microRNAs (miRNAs) in DN. The blood and urine samples were obtained from 32 patients with DN, 33 patients with type 2 DM, and 35 normal healthy subjects as controls. Renal tissue samples were also obtained from 10 DN patients and 10 normal controls. The miRNA microarray analyses were performed in pooled plasma and urine sediment samples of eight DN patients and eight age- and sex-matched health control subjects and three paired renal tissues from patients with DN and normal controls. Conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes (MPC5) were used a cell model. The expressions of TTP and cytokines in patient samples and cultured cells were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting or ELISA. Our results indicated that miRNA-29c directly targeted TTP and promoted inflammatory response under hyperglycemic conditions. Overexpression of miRNA-29c in podocytes resulted in an increase in inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of miRNA-29c by using its inhibitor reduced the inflammatory cytokines in podocytes. Finally, miRNA-29c promoted the progression of DN by targeting TTP, providing a target for a therapeutic intervention of DN.
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23
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Adalimumab for Noninfectious Uveitis. Ophthalmol Retina 2017; 1:179-180. [PMID: 31047418 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Xiao J, Chen Q, Tang D, Ou W, Wang J, Mo Z, Tang C, Peng L, Wang D. Activation of liver X receptors promotes inflammatory cytokine mRNA degradation by upregulation of tristetraprolin. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:277-283. [PMID: 28119310 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) have anti-inflammatory properties. Whether LXRs play a role in post-transcriptional control of inflammatory cytokine expression is not clear. Here, we firstly identified that the synthetic LXR agonist T0901317 promoted IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα mRNA degradation. Moreover, T0901317 destabilized TNFα mRNA through its 3'-untranslated region. In addition, T0901317 increased the expression of tristetraprolin (TTP), while antagonizing TTP with siRNA abrogated T0901317-mediated inflammatory cytokine mRNA decay. Interestingly, T0901317 repressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in THP-1 macrophages. The evidence presented here confirms that LXR activation with T0901317 inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, likely resulting in the increased expression of TTP and the decay of LPS-induce inflammatory cytokine mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Dan Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Weiwei Ou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhongcheng Mo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Chaoke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Liangyu Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Deming Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Couto C, Schlaen A, Frick M, Khoury M, Lopez M, Hurtado E, Goldstein D. Adalimumab Treatment in Patients with Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2016; 26:485-489. [DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2016.1236969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Couto
- Uveitis Clinics, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Schlaen
- Uveitis Clinics, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Frick
- Uveitis Clinics, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Khoury
- Uveitis Clinics, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matilde Lopez
- Uveitis Clinics, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erika Hurtado
- Uveitis Clinics, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Debra Goldstein
- Uveitis Service, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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26
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Different roles of TNF inhibitors in acute anterior uveitis associated with ankylosing spondylitis: state of the art. Clin Rheumatol 2016; 35:2631-2638. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-016-3426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kim HY, Nam SY, Yang SY, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. Cucurbita moschata Duch. and its active component, β-carotene effectively promote the immune responses through the activation of splenocytes and macrophages. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 38:319-26. [PMID: 27315229 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2016.1202960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbita moschata Duch. has long been used for traditional health food in many countries. However, to enhance the immune system of Cucurbita moschata Duch. and its major component, β-carotene is not clear. Here, we determined the immune enhancement effect of Cucurbita moschata Duch. and β-carotene in mouse splenocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. We prepared baked Cucurbita moschata Duch. (Sweetme Sweet Pumpkin(TM), SSP) and steamed Cucurbita moschata Duch. (SC). Splenocytes isolated from the spleen of BALB/c mice were treated with SSP, SC, and β-carotene for 24 h. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with recombinant interferon-γ (rIFN-γ) for 6 h before treatment with SSP, SC, or β-carotene. SSP, SC and β-carotene significantly up-regulated the proliferation of splenocyte and mRNA expression of KI-67. The levels of interleukin-2 and IFN-γ were up-regulated by SSP, SC, or β-carotene in the splenocytes. SC and β-carotene also increased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the splenocytes. In addition, SSP, SC, or β-carotene significantly increased the levels of TNF-α through the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor-κB and phosphorylation of IκBα in the rIFN-γ-primed RAW 264.7 cells. These data indicate that Cucurbita moschata Duch. and β-carotene may have an immune-enhancing effect through the production of Th1 cytokines by activation of splenocytes and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yun Kim
- a Department of Pharmacology , Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Nam
- a Department of Pharmacology , Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Shi-Young Yang
- b Professional Graduate School of Flexible and Printable Electronics Center for R&D Strategy , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- a Department of Pharmacology , Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- c Department of Food Technology and Inflammatory Disease Research Center , Hoseo University , Asan , Chungnam , Republic of Korea
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Carneiro ACAV, Machado AS, Béla SR, Costa JGL, Andrade GMQ, Vasconcelos-Santos DV, Januário JN, Coelho-Dos-Reis JG, Ferro EAV, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Vitor RWA, Martins-Filho OA. Cytokine Signatures Associated With Early Onset, Active Lesions and Late Cicatricial Events of Retinochoroidal Commitment in Infants With Congenital Toxoplasmosis. J Infect Dis 2016; 213:1962-70. [PMID: 26946460 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocular toxoplasmosis is a prominent and severe condition of high incidence in Brazil. The current study provides new insights into the immunological events that can be associated with retinochoroiditis in the setting of congenital toxoplasmosis in human infants. METHODS Flow cytometry of intracytoplasmic cytokines in leukocyte subsets following in vitro short-term antigenic recall in infants with congenital T. gondii infection. RESULTS Our data demonstrates that whereas neutrophils and monocytes from T. gondii-infected infants display a combination of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokine profiles, natural killer cells showed a predominantly proinflammatory profile upon in vitro T. gondii stimulation. The proinflammatory response of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, characterized by the production of interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 17 in patients with an active retinochoroidal lesion, revealed the presence of IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor α during early and late immunological events. This specific proinflammatory pattern is associated with early events and active retinochoroidal lesion, whereas a robust monocyte-derived interleukin 10-mediated profile is observed in children with cicatricial ocular lesions. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the existence of a progressive immunological environment concomitant with the initial, apical, and cicatricial phases in the process of retinochoroidal lesion formation in infants with congenital toxoplasmosis that may be relevant in the establishment of stage-specific clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samantha Ribeiro Béla
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
| | | | | | | | - José Nélio Januário
- Núcleo de Ações e Pesquisa em Apoio Diagnóstico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
| | | | | | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
| | | | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
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Millet P, Vachharajani V, McPhail L, Yoza B, McCall CE. GAPDH Binding to TNF-α mRNA Contributes to Posttranscriptional Repression in Monocytes: A Novel Mechanism of Communication between Inflammation and Metabolism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2541-51. [PMID: 26843329 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the inflammatory cytokine TNF is tightly controlled. During endotoxin tolerance, transcription of TNF mRNA is repressed, although not entirely eliminated. Production of TNF cytokine, however, is further controlled by posttranscriptional regulation. In this study, we detail a mechanism of posttranscriptional repression of TNF mRNA by GAPDH binding to the TNF 3' untranslated region. Using RNA immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate that GAPDH-TNF mRNA binding increases when THP-1 monocytes are in a low glycolysis state, and that this binding can be reversed by knocking down GAPDH expression or by increasing glycolysis. We show that reducing glycolysis decreases TNF mRNA association with polysomes. We demonstrate that GAPDH-TNF mRNA binding results in posttranscriptional repression of TNF and that the TNF mRNA 3' untranslated region is sufficient for repression. Finally, after exploring this model in THP-1 cells, we demonstrate this mechanism affects TNF expression in primary human monocytes and macrophages. We conclude that GAPDH-TNF mRNA binding regulates expression of TNF based on cellular metabolic state. We think this mechanism has potentially significant implications for treatment of various immunometabolic conditions, including immune paralysis during septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Millet
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157; Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Linda McPhail
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157; and
| | - Barbara Yoza
- Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157;
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30
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D'Agostino VG, Lal P, Mantelli B, Tiedje C, Zucal C, Thongon N, Gaestel M, Latorre E, Marinelli L, Seneci P, Amadio M, Provenzani A. Dihydrotanshinone-I interferes with the RNA-binding activity of HuR affecting its post-transcriptional function. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16478. [PMID: 26553968 PMCID: PMC4639722 DOI: 10.1038/srep16478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation is an essential determinant of gene expression programs in physiological and pathological conditions. HuR is a RNA-binding protein that orchestrates the stabilization and translation of mRNAs, critical in inflammation and tumor progression, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). We identified the low molecular weight compound 15,16-dihydrotanshinone-I (DHTS), well known in traditional Chinese medicine practice, through a validated high throughput screening on a set of anti-inflammatory agents for its ability to prevent HuR:RNA complex formation. We found that DHTS interferes with the association step between HuR and the RNA with an equilibrium dissociation constant in the nanomolar range in vitro (Ki = 3.74 ± 1.63 nM). In breast cancer cell lines, short term exposure to DHTS influences mRNA stability and translational efficiency of TNF in a HuR-dependent manner and also other functional readouts of its post-transcriptional control, such as the stability of selected pre-mRNAs. Importantly, we show that migration and sensitivity of breast cancer cells to DHTS are modulated by HuR expression, indicating that HuR is among the preferential intracellular targets of DHTS. Here, we disclose a previously unrecognized molecular mechanism exerted by DHTS, opening new perspectives to therapeutically target the HuR mediated, post-transcriptional control in inflammation and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Preet Lal
- Centre For Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Barbara Mantelli
- Centre For Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Christopher Tiedje
- Department of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical University, Hannover, D-30625, Germany
| | - Chiara Zucal
- Centre For Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Natthakan Thongon
- Centre For Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Department of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical University, Hannover, D-30625, Germany
| | - Elisa Latorre
- Centre For Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, 80131, Italy
| | | | - Marialaura Amadio
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
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Cordero-Coma M, Sobrin L. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy in uveitis. Surv Ophthalmol 2015; 60:575-89. [PMID: 26164735 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since the first reported use in 2001 of an anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) agent, infliximab, for the treatment of uveitis, several new anti-TNF-α agents have emerged for the treatment of refractory noninfectious uveitides, although their use remains off-label in the US. These agents have demonstrated remarkable clinical antiinflammatory efficacy and a potential immunoregulatory role in selected uveitis patients, but it is currently unclear whether they can modify the natural history of disease. We review the rationale and clinical indications for this therapy, the differences between agents, how to manage dosing and intervals, and how to screen for and identify potential side effects. We also present a summary of the science behind the use of anti-TNF-α agents in ocular inflammation and the evidence for their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cordero-Coma
- Head of the Uveitis Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of León, León, Spain; Instituto Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.
| | - Lucia Sobrin
- Uveitis and Retina Services, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration in the aqueous humor of healthy and diseased dogs: A preliminary pilot study. J Fr Ophtalmol 2015; 38:288-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Molins B, Mesquida M, Lee RWJ, Llorenç V, Pelegrín L, Adán A. Regulatory T cell levels and cytokine production in active non-infectious uveitis: in-vitro effects of pharmacological treatment. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:529-38. [PMID: 25354724 PMCID: PMC4337685 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify the proportion of regulatory T cells (Treg ) and cytokine expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with active non-infectious uveitis, and to evaluate the effect of in-vitro treatment with infliximab, dexamethasone and cyclosporin A on Treg levels and cytokine production in PBMCs from uveitis patients and healthy subjects. We included a group of 21 patients with active non-infectious uveitis and 18 age-matched healthy subjects. The proportion of forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)(+) Treg cells and intracellular tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression in CD4(+) T cells was determined by flow cytometry. PBMCs were also either rested or activated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 and cultured in the presence or absence of dexamethasone, cyclosporin A and infliximab. Supernatants of cultured PBMCs were collected and TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17 and interferon (IFN)-γ levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No significant differences were observed in nTreg levels between uveitis patients and healthy subjects. However, PBMCs from uveitis patients produced significantly higher amounts of TNF-α and lower amounts of IL-10. Dexamethasone treatment in vitro significantly reduced FoxP3(+) Treg levels in PBMCs from both healthy subjects and uveitis patients, and all tested drugs significantly reduced TNF-α production in PBMCs. Dexamethasone and cyclosporin A significantly reduced IL-17 and IFN-γ production in PBMCs and dexamethasone up-regulated IL-10 production in activated PBMCs from healthy subjects. Our results suggest that PBMCs from patients with uveitis express more TNF-α and less IL-10 than healthy subjects, and this is independent of FoxP3(+) Treg levels. Treatment with infliximab, dexamethasone and cyclosporin A in vitro modulates cytokine production, but does not increase the proportion of FoxP3(+) Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Molins
- Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- Fundacio Clinic per la Recerca Biomedica, IDIBAPSBarcelona, Spain
| | - M Mesquida
- Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - R W J Lee
- Inflammation and Immunotherapy Theme, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of BristolBristol, UK
| | - V Llorenç
- Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - L Pelegrín
- Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - A Adán
- Institut Clinic d'Oftalmologia, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Infliximab (IFX) is efficacious for induction and maintenance of remission in pediatric patients with moderate-to-severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It has, however, not been studied in patients 7 years old and younger. Our aim was to characterize efficacy and safety of IFX therapy in this cohort. METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients with IBD ages 7 years and younger, treated with IFX between 1999 and 2011. Medical records were reviewed for age of diagnosis, disease phenotype, therapy, surgery, IFX infusion dates, dose, and intervals. Outcome measures included physician global assessment, corticosteroid requirement, and adverse events. RESULTS Thirty-three children (ages 2.4-7 years) were included. Twenty patients had Crohn disease, 4 had ulcerative colitis, and 9 had indeterminate colitis. Maintenance of IFX therapy at 1, 2, and 3 years was 36%, 18%, and 12%, respectively. Patients of age 5 years and younger had the lowest rates of maintenance of therapy at 25% at year 1, and 10% at years 2 and 3 combined. Nine percent of all of the patients demonstrated response measured by the physician global assessment and were steroid free at 1 year. There were 8 infusion reactions. There were no malignancies, serious infections, or deaths. CONCLUSIONS IFX demonstrated a modest response rate and a low steroid-sparing effect in patients with IBD 7 years old and younger. Although this is a limited study, there appears to be a trend for decreased sustained efficacy with IFX in this age group, particularly in children 5 years old and younger, when compared with the previously published literature in older children.
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Bollmann F, Art J, Henke J, Schrick K, Besche V, Bros M, Li H, Siuda D, Handler N, Bauer F, Erker T, Behnke F, Mönch B, Härdle L, Hoffmann M, Chen CY, Förstermann U, Dirsch VM, Werz O, Kleinert H, Pautz A. Resveratrol post-transcriptionally regulates pro-inflammatory gene expression via regulation of KSRP RNA binding activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:12555-69. [PMID: 25352548 PMCID: PMC4227754 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol shows beneficial effects in inflammation-based diseases like cancer, cardiovascular and chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory resveratrol effects deserve more attention. In human epithelial DLD-1 and monocytic Mono Mac 6 cells resveratrol decreased the expression of iNOS, IL-8 and TNF-α by reducing mRNA stability without inhibition of the promoter activity. Shown by pharmacological and siRNA-mediated inhibition, the observed effects are SIRT1-independent. Target-fishing and drug responsive target stability experiments showed selective binding of resveratrol to the RNA-binding protein KSRP, a central post-transcriptional regulator of pro-inflammatory gene expression. Knockdown of KSRP expression prevented resveratrol-induced mRNA destabilization in human and murine cells. Resveratrol did not change KSRP expression, but immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that resveratrol reduces the p38 MAPK-related inhibitory KSRP threonine phosphorylation, without blocking p38 MAPK activation or activity. Mutation of the p38 MAPK target site in KSRP blocked the resveratrol effect on pro-inflammatory gene expression. In addition, resveratrol incubation enhanced KSRP-exosome interaction, which is important for mRNA degradation. Finally, resveratrol incubation enhanced its intra-cellular binding to the IL-8, iNOS and TNF-α mRNA. Therefore, modulation of KSRP mRNA binding activity and, thereby, enhancement of mRNA degradation seems to be the common denominator of many anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Bollmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Art
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jenny Henke
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Schrick
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena Besche
- Department of Dermatology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany Core Facility Lentiviral Transduction Service, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany Core Facility Lentiviral Transduction Service, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Siuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Handler
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Erker
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Behnke
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Bettina Mönch
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lorena Härdle
- Institute of Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Förstermann
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kleinert
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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Llorenç V, Mesquida M, Sainz de la Maza M, Blanco R, Calvo V, Maíz O, Blanco A, de Dios-Jiménez de Aberásturi JR, Adán A. Certolizumab Pegol, a New Anti-TNF-α in the Armamentarium against Ocular Inflammation. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2014; 24:167-72. [PMID: 25325834 DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2014.967779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the efficacy and tolerance of certolizumab pegol (CZP) in active uveitis. METHODS Retrospective case series at 4 referral centers. Patients treated with CZP for active uveitis during at least 6 months were eligible. Inflammation by SUN scores, visual acuity (VA) (logMAR), and central macular thickness (CMT) were compared from baseline until final follow-up. Quiescence was defined as 0+ to 0.5+ in anterior chamber and vitreous haze scores and no CMT increase. RESULTS Four males and 3 females (14 eyes) were included, mean age 42.4 ± 8.8 years. All were long-lasting chronic-relapsing uveitis with prior failure to other anti-TNF-α. After a mean follow-up of 10.4 ± 4.8 months, 5/7 patients (71.4%) achieved quiescence with CZP. VA improved significantly from +0.52 ± 0.68 to +0.45 ± 0.68 (p = 0.032) at 1 month and to +0.44 ± 0.64 (p = 0.035) at 6 months. No adverse events were found. CONCLUSION CZP can be an effective alternative in refractory uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Llorenç
- a Clínic Institute of Ophthalmology (ICOF), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Marina Mesquida
- a Clínic Institute of Ophthalmology (ICOF), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Maite Sainz de la Maza
- a Clínic Institute of Ophthalmology (ICOF), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ricardo Blanco
- b Department of Rheumatology , Marqués de Valdecilla Hospital , Santander , Spain
| | - Vanesa Calvo
- b Department of Rheumatology , Marqués de Valdecilla Hospital , Santander , Spain
| | - Olga Maíz
- c Department of Rheumatology , Donostia Universitary Hospital , San Sebastián , Spain , and
| | - Ana Blanco
- c Department of Rheumatology , Donostia Universitary Hospital , San Sebastián , Spain , and
| | | | - Alfredo Adán
- a Clínic Institute of Ophthalmology (ICOF), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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Myers AC, Ghosh F, Andréasson S, Ponjavic V. Retinal function and morphology in the rabbit eye after intravitreal injection of the TNF alpha inhibitor adalimumab. Curr Eye Res 2014; 39:1106-16. [PMID: 24897597 PMCID: PMC4238743 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.898309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim To study the effects of the tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor adalimumab on rabbit retina after injection into the vitreous body. Methods Forty-eight rabbits of mixed strain (9–12 months old, weighing ≈ 3.5 kg) were randomized into four groups. Adalimumab was injected at one of two concentrations (1.25 mg or 2.5 mg) into the eyes of two groups, and balanced salt solution into the eyes of the third group. The fourth group acted as controls. Full-field electroretinography (ffERG) was performed before injection and 1 and 6 weeks post-injection. At 6 weeks post-injection the rabbits were euthanized and the sectioned retinas were studied. Retinal histology was studied with hematoxylin–eosin staining. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on rods, cones, rod bipolar cells, horizontal cells, amacrine cells and Müller cells. Results No significant difference in ffERG amplitudes or implicit times was observed between the four groups at any time point. Histological and immunohistochemical findings were similar in all groups. Conclusions Injection of adalimumab into the vitreous body of healthy rabbits, at doses up to 2.5 mg, does not appear to be toxic to the rabbit retina.
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to quantify and compare conjunctival epithelial tumor necrosis factor (NF) α mRNA expression in Sjögren syndrome (SS), non-Sjögren syndrome aqueous-deficient dry eye (non-SS DE), and non-dry eye (NDE) control subjects. METHODS A total of 76 subjects were recruited for this study: 25 SS (confirmed via American-European Consensus Criteria 2002), 25 non-SS DE (confirmed by symptoms and Schirmer scores ≤ 10 mm), and 26 NDE. Superior and temporal bulbar conjunctival epithelial cells were collected via impression cytology. Epithelial RNA was extracted, and TNF-α mRNA expression was quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The expression of TNF-α mRNA was found to be significantly higher in the SS group (2.48 ± 1.79) compared to both non-SS DE (0.95 ± 1.18; p < 0.05) and NDE (0.84 ± 0.51; p < 0.05) groups. No difference in TNF-α mRNA expression was found between the non-SS DE and NDE groups (p = 0.67). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that SS-associated aqueous-deficient dry eye is associated with a significant upregulation of conjunctival epithelial TNF-α mRNA relative to both non-SS DE and control groups. The degree to which TNF-α mRNA is upregulated in SS may contribute to the severe ocular surface damage observed in these patients.
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Sharma A, Bhat AA, Krishnan M, Singh AB, Dhawan P. Trichostatin-A modulates claudin-1 mRNA stability through the modulation of Hu antigen R and tristetraprolin in colon cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2610-21. [PMID: 23880304 PMCID: PMC3810835 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of claudin-1, a tight junction protein, is highly upregulated in colon cancer. We have reported that claudin-1 expression in colon cancer cells is epigenetically regulated as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors decrease claudin-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) stability and thus expression. In this regard, our data suggested a role of the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) in the regulation of HDAC-dependent regulation of claudin-1 mRNA stability. In the current study, we demonstrate, based on our continued investigation, that the ELAV-like RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), human antigen R (HuR) and tristetraprolin (TTP) associate with the 3'-UTR of claudin-1 mRNA to modulate the latter's stability. Ribonomic and site-directed mutagenesis approaches were used to confirm the binding of HuR and TTP to the 3'-UTR of claudin-1. We further confirmed their roles in the stabilization of claudin-1 mRNA, under conditions of HDAC inhibition. In summary, we report that HuR and TTP are the critical regulators of the posttranscriptional regulation of claudin-1 expression in colon cancer cells. We also demonstrate that inhibition of HDACs by trichostatin treatment decreased the binding of HuR while increasing the binding of TTP to the 3'-UTR of claudin-1. Additionally, we provide data showing transcriptional regulation of claudin-1 expression, through the regulation of transcription factor Sp1. Taken together, we demonstrate epigenetic regulation of claudin-1 expression in colon cancer cells at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Sharma
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MCN, B-2211, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ajaz A. Bhat
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MCN, B-2211, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Moorthy Krishnan
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MCN, B-2211, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MCN, B-2211, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine and
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MCN, B-2211, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MCN, B-2211, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Rey A, Molins B, Llorenç V, Pelegrín L, Mesquida M, Adán A. Cytokine profiling reveals decreased serum levels of CCL2 in active ocular toxoplasmosis. Br J Ophthalmol 2013; 97:1338-42. [PMID: 23878135 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii infection is an important cause of ocular disease. Although parasite-mediated host cell lysis is probably the principal cause of tissue destruction in immunodeficiency states, hypersensitivity and inflammatory responses may underlie severe disease in otherwise immunocompetent individuals. The purpose of the current investigation was to study the cytokine profiles in serum from patients with ocular toxoplasmosis and to compare them with those obtained from healthy control subjects. METHODS Using a multiplex assay, we determined the serum concentration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), interferon γ (IFNγ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) in patients with inactive ocular toxoplasmosis (n=48), active ocular toxoplasmosis (n=21), and an age-matched and sex-matched healthy control group (n=25). In a subgroup of 17 patients with active disease, a second serum sample was obtained when the disease was inactive. Cytokine profiles were correlated with disease activity, severity and visual outcome. RESULTS Levels of CCL2 were significantly reduced in patients with active ocular toxoplasmosis compared to the control group (564 ± 42 pg/mL vs 455 ± 35 pg/mL, p<0.05). Moreover, CCL2 levels were significantly lower during active ocular toxoplasmosis compared to inactive disease (569 ± 32 pg/mL vs 433 ± 32 pg/mL, p<0.01). GCSF and TNFα were elevated in patients with toxoplasmosis with poor visual outcome. No significant correlations were found with specific cytokine profiles and disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Decreased serum levels of CCL2 may be associated with active ocular toxoplasmosis and could therefore serve as a marker of disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rey
- Institut Clínic d'Oftalmología, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, , Barcelona, Spain
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Lycopene supplementation modulates plasma concentrations and epididymal adipose tissue mRNA of leptin, resistin and IL-6 in diet-induced obese rats. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:1803-9. [PMID: 23632237 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513001256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterised by chronic low-grade inflammation, and lycopene has been reported to display anti-inflammatory effects. However, it is not clear whether lycopene supplementation modulates adipokine levels in vivo in obesity. To determine whether lycopene supplementation can regulate adipokine expression in obesity, male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive a control diet (C, n 6) ora hyperenergetic diet (DIO, n 12) for 6 weeks. After this period, the DIO animals were randomised into two groups: DIO (n 6) and DIO supplemented with lycopene (DIO + L, n 6). The animals received maize oil (C and DIO) or lycopene (DIO + L, 10 mg/kg body weight(BW) per d) by oral administration for a 6-week period. The animals were then killed by decapitation, and blood samples and epididymal adipose tissue were collected for hormonal determination and gene expression evaluation (IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), TNF-α, leptin and resistin). There was no detectable lycopene in the plasma of the C and DIO groups. However, the mean lycopene plasma concentration was 24 nmol in the DIO + L group. Although lycopene supplementation did not affect BW or adiposity, it significantly decreased leptin, resistin and IL-6 gene expression in epididymal adipose tissue and plasma concentrations. Also, it significantly reduced the gene expression of MCP-1 in epididymal adipose tissue. Lycopene affects adipokines by reducing leptin, resistin and plasma IL-6 levels. These data suggest that lycopene may be an effective strategy in reducing inflammation in obesity.
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Forrester JV, Xu H. Good news-bad news: the Yin and Yang of immune privilege in the eye. Front Immunol 2012; 3:338. [PMID: 23230433 PMCID: PMC3515883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The eye and the brain are prototypical tissues manifesting immune privilege (IP) in which immune responses to foreign antigens, particularly alloantigens are suppressed, and even completely inhibited. Explanations for this phenomenon are numerous and mostly reflect our evolving understanding of the molecular and cellular processes underpinning immunological responses generally. IP is now viewed as a property of many tissues and the level of expression of IP varies not only with the tissue but with the nature of the foreign antigen and changes in the limited conditions under which privilege can operate as a mechanism of immunological tolerance. As a result, IP functions normally as a homeostatic mechanism preserving normal function in tissues, particularly those with highly specialized function and limited capacity for renewal such as the eye and brain. However, IP is relatively easily bypassed in the face of a sufficiently strong immunological response, and the privileged tissues may be at greater risk of collateral damage because its natural defenses are more easily breached than in a fully immunocompetent tissue which rapidly rejects foreign antigen and restores integrity. This two-edged sword cuts its swathe through the eye: under most circumstances, IP mechanisms such as blood-ocular barriers, intraocular immune modulators, induction of T regulatory cells, lack of lymphatics, and other properties maintain tissue integrity; however, when these are breached, various degrees of tissue damage occur from severe tissue destruction in retinal viral infections and other forms of uveoretinal inflammation, to less severe inflammatory responses in conditions such as macular degeneration. Conversely, ocular IP and tumor-related IP can combine to permit extensive tumor growth and increased risk of metastasis thus threatening the survival of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V. Forrester
- Laboratory of Immunology, Lion’s Eye Institute, University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
- Ocular Immunology Laboratory, Section of Immunology and Infection, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of AberdeenAberdeen, UK
| | - Heping Xu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Lion’s Eye Institute, University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
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Abstract
Noninfectious intraocular inflammatory disease remains a significant cause of visual loss, even with current systemic immunosuppression. Alternative novel treatments are thus required, particularly for severe forms of posterior uveitis. Encouraging results from several phase I/II clinical trials of gene therapy for monogenic retinal disorders have paved the way for the development of this approach for other ocular conditions. Gene therapy for uveitis offers the possibility of potent, self-regulating, long-term disease control following a single treatment and without systemic side effects. To date, gene therapy approaches using interleukin-10, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interferon-alpha, soluble TNF-alpha receptors, and alpha-MSH gene transfer have been used successfully to attenuate experimental animal models of uveitis. This review evaluates these preclinical studies, considers the route to clinical application, and explores future targets and approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Chu
- University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Eye Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LX, UK
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Jeon S, Lee WK, Jung Y. Changes in the Intraocular Cytokine Levels after Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Uveitic Macular Edema. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2012; 20:360-4. [DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2012.709576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
Stress induces aggregation of RNA-binding proteins to form inclusions, termed stress granules (SGs). Recent evidence suggests that SG proteins also colocalize with neuropathological structures, but whether this occurs in Alzheimer's disease is unknown. We examined the relationship between SG proteins and neuropathology in brain tissue from P301L Tau transgenic mice, as well as in cases of Alzheimer's disease and FTDP-17. The pattern of SG pathology differs dramatically based on the RNA-binding protein examined. SGs positive for T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1) or tristetraprolin (TTP) initially do not colocalize with tau pathology, but then merge with tau inclusions as disease severity increases. In contrast, G3BP (ras GAP-binding protein) identifies a novel type of molecular pathology that shows increasing accumulation in neurons with increasing disease severity, but often is not associated with classic markers of tau pathology. TIA-1 and TTP both bind phospho-tau, and TIA-1 overexpression induces formation of inclusions containing phospho-tau. These data suggest that SG formation might stimulate tau pathophysiology. Thus, study of RNA-binding proteins and SG biology highlights novel pathways interacting with the pathophysiology of AD, providing potentially new avenues for identifying diseased neurons and potentially novel mechanisms regulating tau biology.
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Expression and regulation of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule in human retinal vascular endothelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2012; 104:89-93. [PMID: 22940369 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM; CD166) is an immunoglobulin superfamily member that has been described in several non-ocular endothelial populations, but not in relation to endothelium within the eye. Studies in extraocular systems have implicated ALCAM in angiogenesis and leukocyte transendothelial migration, which are key processes in retinal vascular diseases. We investigated the expression of ALCAM in human retinal endothelium, and studied the regulation of expression by established angiogenic and inflammatory stimuli. Retinal endothelial expression of ALCAM was detected in primary retinal endothelial cultures isolated from human cadavers by RT-PCR (n = 4 donors) and Western blot (n = 4 donors), and in intact human retina by immunohistochemistry (n = 3 donors). In the 4 donors studied by RT-PCR, transcript encoding the truncated soluble isoform, sALCAM, was also detected. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR demonstrated significant up-regulation of ALCAM and sALCAM in response to stimulation with master cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. However, general inflammatory stimulus, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the prototype Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-17A, respectively, did not impact ALCAM or sALCAM expression. In contrast, expression of ALCAM was significantly up-regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)(165). Up-regulation in the presence of VEGF and TNF-α, but not LPS, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17A, suggests a potential role for ALCAM in human retinal angiogenesis in some settings.
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Boles JL, Ross MG, Beloosesky R, Desai M, Belkacemi L. Placental-mediated increased cytokine response to lipopolysaccharides: a potential mechanism for enhanced inflammation susceptibility of the preterm fetus. J Inflamm Res 2012; 5:67-75. [PMID: 22924006 PMCID: PMC3422858 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s32108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral palsy is a nonprogressive motor impairment syndrome that has no effective cure. The etiology of most cases of cerebral palsy remains unknown; however, recent epidemiologic data have demonstrated an association between fetal neurologic injury and infection/inflammation. Maternal infection/inflammation may be associated with the induction of placental cytokines that could result in increased fetal proinflammatory cytokine exposure, and development of neonatal neurologic injury. Therefore, we sought to explore the mechanism by which maternal infection may produce a placental inflammatory response. We specifically examined rat placental cytokine production and activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway in response to lipopolysaccharide exposure at preterm and near-term gestational ages. METHODS Preterm (e16) or near-term (e20) placental explants from pregnant rats were treated with 0, 1, or 10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide. Explant integrity was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis alpha levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. TLR4 and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) protein expression levels were determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS At both e16 and e20, lactate dehydrogenase levels were unchanged by treatment with lipopolysaccharide. After exposure to lipopolysaccharide, the release of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis alpha from e16 placental explants increased by 4-fold and 8-9-fold, respectively (P < 0.05 versus vehicle). Conversely, interleukin-6 release from e20 explants was not significantly different compared with vehicle, and tumor necrosis alpha release was only 2-fold higher (P < 0.05 versus vehicle) following exposure to lipopolysaccharide. Phosphorylated NFκB protein expression was significantly increased in the nuclear fraction from placental explants exposed to lipopolysaccharide at both e16 and e20, although TLR4 protein expression was unaffected. CONCLUSION Lipopolysaccharide induces higher interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis alpha expression at e16 versus e20, suggesting that preterm placentas may have a greater placental cytokine response to lipopolysaccharide infection. Furthermore, increased phosphorylated NFκB indicates that placental cytokine induction may occur by activation of the TLR4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Boles
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Torrance, CA, USA
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Russo I, Caracciolo L, Tweedie D, Choi SH, Greig NH, Barlati S, Bosetti F. 3,6'-Dithiothalidomide, a new TNF-α synthesis inhibitor, attenuates the effect of Aβ1-42 intracerebroventricular injection on hippocampal neurogenesis and memory deficit. J Neurochem 2012; 122:1181-92. [PMID: 22731394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07846.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates altered neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases associated with inflammation, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroinflammation and its propagation have a critical role in the degeneration of hippocampal neurons, cognitive impairment, and altered neurogenesis. Particularly, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α plays a central role in initiating and regulating the cytokine cascade during an inflammatory response and is up-regulated in brain of AD patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of a novel thalidomide-based TNF-α lowering drug, 3,6'-dithiothalidomide, on hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation, neurogenesis and, memory tasks after intracerebroventricular injection of β-amyloid (Aß)(1-42) peptide. Seven days after Aβ(1-42) injection, a significant proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells and memory impairment were evident. Four weeks after Aβ(1-42) peptide injection, elevated numbers of surviving 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine cells and newly formed neurons were detected. Treatment with 3,6'-dithiothalidomide attenuated these Aβ(1-42) provoked effects. Our data indicate that although treatment with 3,6'-dithiothalidomide in part attenuated the increase in hippocampal neurogenesis caused by Aβ(1-42) -induced neuroinflammation, the drug prevented memory deficits associated with increased numbers of activated microglial cells and inflammatory response. Therefore, 3,6'-dithiothalidomide treatment likely reduced neuronal tissue damage induced by neuroinflammation following Aβ(1-42) injection. Understanding the modulation of neurogenesis, and its relationship with memory function could open new therapeutic interventions for AD and other neurodegenerative disorders with an inflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Russo
- Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Tweedie D, Ferguson RA, Fishman K, Frankola KA, Van Praag H, Holloway HW, Luo W, Li Y, Caracciolo L, Russo I, Barlati S, Ray B, Lahiri DK, Bosetti F, Greig NH, Rosi S. Tumor necrosis factor-α synthesis inhibitor 3,6'-dithiothalidomide attenuates markers of inflammation, Alzheimer pathology and behavioral deficits in animal models of neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:106. [PMID: 22642825 PMCID: PMC3405480 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is associated with virtually all major neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although it remains unclear whether neuroinflammation is the driving force behind these disorders, compelling evidence implicates its role in exacerbating disease progression, with a key player being the potent proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Elevated TNF-α levels are commonly detected in the clinic and animal models of AD. METHODS The potential benefits of a novel TNF-α-lowering agent, 3,6'-dithiothalidomide, were investigated in cellular and rodent models of neuroinflammation with a specific focus on AD. These included central and systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Aβ(1-42) challenge, and biochemical and behavioral assessment of 3xTg-AD mice following chronic 3,6'-dithiothaliodmide. RESULTS 3,6'-Dithiothaliodmide lowered TNF-α, nitrite (an indicator of oxidative damage) and secreted amyloid precursor protein (sAPP) levels in LPS-activated macrophage-like cells (RAW 264.7 cells). This translated into reduced central and systemic TNF-α production in acute LPS-challenged rats, and to a reduction of neuroinflammatory markers and restoration of neuronal plasticity following chronic central challenge of LPS. In mice centrally challenged with A(β1-42) peptide, prior systemic 3,6'-dithiothalidomide suppressed Aβ-induced memory dysfunction, microglial activation and neuronal degeneration. Chronic 3,6'-dithiothalidomide administration to an elderly symptomatic cohort of 3xTg-AD mice reduced multiple hallmark features of AD, including phosphorylated tau protein, APP, Aβ peptide and Aβ-plaque number along with deficits in memory function to levels present in younger adult cognitively unimpaired 3xTg-AD mice. Levels of the synaptic proteins, SNAP25 and synaptophysin, were found to be elevated in older symptomatic drug-treated 3xTg-AD mice compared to vehicle-treated ones, indicative of a preservation of synaptic function during drug treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a strong beneficial effect of 3,6'-dithiothalidomide in the setting of neuroinflammation and AD, supporting a role for neuroinflammation and TNF-α in disease progression and their targeting as a means of clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tweedie
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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