1
|
Wei Z, Zhuang J. On the adoption of nonpharmaceutical interventions during the pandemic: An evolutionary game model. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 43:2298-2311. [PMID: 36635059 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of behavioral nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) among the public is essential for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic, yet presents challenges due to the complexity of human behaviors. A large body of literature has utilized classic game theory to investigate the population's decisions regarding the adoption of interventions, where the static solution concept such as the Nash equilibrium is studied. However, individual adoption behavior is not static, instead it is a dynamic process that involves the strategic interactions with other counterparts over time. The study of quantitatively analyzing the dynamics on precautionary behavior during an outbreak is rather scarce. This article fills the research gap by developing an evolutionary game-theoretic framework to model the dynamics of population behavior on the adoption of NPI. We construct the two-group asymmetric game, where behavioral change for each group is characterized by replicator equations. Sensitivity analyses are performed to examine the long-term stability of equilibrium points with respect to perturbation of model parameters. We found that the limiting behavior of intervention adoption in the population consists of only pure strategies in a game setting, indicating that the evolutionary outcome is that everyone either takes up the preventive measure or not. We also applied the framework to examine the mask-wearing behavior, and validated with actual data. Overall, this article provides insights into population dynamics on the adoption of intervention strategy during the outbreak, which can be beneficial for policy makers to better understand the evolutionary trajectory of population behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wei
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jun Zhuang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wan Q, Xu X, Hunt K, Zhuang J. Stay Home or Not? Modeling Individuals’ Decisions During the COVID-19 Pandemic. DECISION ANALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1287/deca.2021.0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, staying home proved to be an effective way to mitigate the spread of the virus. Stay-at-home orders and guidelines were issued by governments across the globe and were followed by a large portion of the population in the early stages of the outbreak when there was a lack of COVID-specific medical knowledge. The decision of whether to stay home came with many trade-offs, such as risking personal exposure to the virus when leaving home or facing financial and mental health burdens when remaining home. In this research, we study how individuals make strategic decisions to balance these conflicting outcomes. We present a model to study individuals’ decision making based on decision and prospect theory, and we conduct sensitivity analysis to study the fluctuations in optimal strategies when there are changes made to the model’s parameters. A Monte Carlo simulation is implemented to further study the performance of our model, and we compare our simulation results with real data that captures individuals’ stay-at-home decisions. Overall, this research models and analyzes the behaviors of individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic and can help support decision making regarding control measures and policy development when public health emergencies appear in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Wan
- Business School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260
| | - Xuanhua Xu
- Business School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Kyle Hunt
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260
| | - Jun Zhuang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Si R, Zhang X, Yao Y, Liu L, Lu Q. Influence of contract commitment system in reducing information asymmetry, and prevention and control of livestock epidemics: Evidence from pig farmers in China. One Health 2021; 13:100302. [PMID: 34430696 PMCID: PMC8365388 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention and control of infectious diseases in livestock is of great significance for maintaining the food and health of people. The main bottleneck in preventing and controlling the epidemic is asymmetrical information between farmers and the livestock department regarding dead livestock. In this pursuit, China has levied the contract commitment system to ensure farmers to cooperate with livestock departments, cooperative organizations, and other farmers by proper contract in order to combat the livestock epidemic by reporting the status of dead livestock on time. Based on the data of 514 pig farmers in Hebei, Henan, and Hubei, this research employed the Heckprobit model to explore the contract commitment system's effect on pig farmers' behavior in reporting the status of dead livestock. The outcome showed that the contract commitment system encouraged the farmers to report dead pig information promptly. Moreover, modern information channels such as mobile phones or the Internet further enhanced the contract commitment system's effectiveness. Besides, the impacts of the contract commitment system on different scale farmers are found substantially heterogeneous. Based on the empirical findings, it is confirmed that the contract commitment system should not exclude government regulatory measures and economic incentive policies. It is a useful remedy to encourage farmers to report dead livestock information on time and supports in preventing and controlling livestock epidemics. Additionally, the government should enhance and strengthen the contract commitment system, establish the channels and platforms required to deliver necessary information about epidemics, and implement differentiated policy programs for different scale farmers. More importantly, these countermeasures can also provide important guidelines for other developing countries, facing livestock epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruishi Si
- School of Public Administration, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yumeng Yao
- School of Public Administration, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qian Lu
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Craighead L, Chengat Prakashbabu B, Musallam I, Ndour AP, Ayih-Akakpo AAPHS, Fotsac Dzousse M, Crystella Ngong CA, Kameni Feussom JM, Yempabou D, Mouiche-Mouliom MM, Doumbia A, Fane A, Dembele E, L Minoungou G, Tapsoba ASR, Moussa S, Pato P, Pali M, Ba EH, Alambédji RB, Ayih-Akakpo J, Guitian J, Häsler B. Brucellosis in dairy herds: Farm characteristics and practices in relation to likely adoption of three potential private-public partnership (PPP) vaccination control strategies in West and Central Africa. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1479-1505. [PMID: 33876579 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is regarded as one of the highest burden zoonotic diseases to persist in many regions globally. While sustained vaccination against B. abortus in an endemic setting can markedly reduce the prevalence of large ruminant and human brucellosis and benefit local livelihoods, the implementation of effective and sustainable control programmes has often failed in the worst affected areas. In a cross-sectional study of 728 peri-urban dairy farmers in nine areas of six West and Central African countries, levels of commercialization and farm characteristics were examined alongside B. abortus seroprevalence estimates to hypothesize the most appropriate model for brucellosis vaccination delivery in each country. Demographic and economic data were collated and used to describe the farming systems currently in place. Furthermore, these data were utilized in a likelihood assessment to generate a quantitative score to hypothesize which of three private-public partnership (PPP) vaccine delivery models, that is 1) transformative, 2) transactional or 3) collaborative, would be most appropriate in each setting. The study sites had substantial differences in their levels of dairy commercialization and the farming practices employed; the heterogeneity across the study sites was evident in the conclusions of which models would be appropriate for vaccination delivery. While Lomé (Togo) had a strong indication for a transformative PPP model, Burkina Faso had strong indication for the collaborative PPP model. Of the remaining study sites, the scores were less dominant for any one model with Cameroon and Ivory Coast sites only just scoring highest on the transformative model and Senegal and Mali sites only just scoring highest on the collaborative model. Interestingly, none of the countries included in the study scored highest on the transactional model which currently is the most commonplace delivery model in the majority of sub-Saharan African countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Craighead
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Chengat Prakashbabu
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Imadidden Musallam
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Andrée Prisca Ndour
- Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | | | - Jean Marc Kameni Feussom
- Cameroon Epidemiological Network for Animal Diseases (RESCAM), Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA), Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Epidemiology-Public Health-Veterinary Association (ESPV), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Damitoti Yempabou
- Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | - Adama Fane
- Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire, Bamako, Mali
| | | | | | - Arnaud S R Tapsoba
- Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Sanogo Moussa
- LANADA/Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire de Bingerville (LCVB), Service de Bactériologie, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - Pindemnewe Pato
- Ministère de l'Agriculture de la Production Animale et Halieutique, Direction de l'Élevage, Lomé, Togo
| | - Magnoudewa Pali
- Ministère de l'Agriculture de la Production Animale et Halieutique, Direction de l'Élevage, Lomé, Togo
| | - El-Hadj Ba
- Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - Justin Ayih-Akakpo
- Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Javier Guitian
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Barbara Häsler
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Veronesi E, Darpel K, Gubbins S, Batten C, Nomikou K, Mertens P, Carpenter S. Diversity of Transmission Outcomes Following Co-Infection of Sheep with Strains of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 1 and 8. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060851. [PMID: 32516979 PMCID: PMC7356686 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) causes an economically important disease, bluetongue (BT), in susceptible ruminants and is transmitted primarily by species of Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Since 2006, northern Europe has experienced multiple incursions of BTV through a variety of routes of entry, including major outbreaks of strains of BTV serotype 8 (BTV-8) and BTV serotype 1 (BTV-1), which overlapped in distribution within southern Europe. In this paper, we examined the variation in response to coinfection with strains of BTV-1 and BTV-8 using an in vivo transmission model involving Culicoides sonorensis, low passage virus strains, and sheep sourced in the United Kingdom. In the study, four sheep were simultaneously infected using BTV-8 and BTV-1 intrathoracically inoculated C. sonorensis and co-infections of all sheep with both strains were established. However, there were significant variations in both the initiation and peak levels of virus RNA detected throughout the experiment, as well as in the infection rates in the C. sonorensis that were blood-fed on experimentally infected sheep at peak viremia. This is discussed in relation to the potential for reassortment between these strains in the field and the policy implications for detection of BTV strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Veronesi
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (K.D.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (K.N.); (P.M.)
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Karin Darpel
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (K.D.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (K.N.); (P.M.)
| | - Simon Gubbins
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (K.D.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (K.N.); (P.M.)
| | - Carrie Batten
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (K.D.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (K.N.); (P.M.)
| | - Kyriaki Nomikou
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (K.D.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (K.N.); (P.M.)
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Peter Mertens
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (K.D.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (K.N.); (P.M.)
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Simon Carpenter
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (K.D.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (K.N.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sok J, Hogeveen H, Elbers A, Oude Lansink A. Using farmers’ attitude and social pressures to design voluntary Bluetongue vaccination strategies. Prev Vet Med 2016; 133:114-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
7
|
Richens IF, Hobson-West P, Brennan ML, Lowton R, Kaler J, Wapenaar W. Farmers' perception of the role of veterinary surgeons in vaccination strategies on British dairy farms. Vet Rec 2015; 177:465. [PMID: 26530434 PMCID: PMC4697308 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
There is limited research investigating the motivators and barriers to vaccinating dairy cattle. Veterinary surgeons have been identified as important sources of information for farmers making vaccination and disease control decisions, as well as being farmers’ preferred vaccine suppliers. Vets’ perception of their own role and communication style can be at odds with farmers’ reported preferences. The objective of this study was to investigate how dairy farmers perceived the role of vets in implementing vaccination strategies on their farm. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 dairy farmers from across Britain. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Analysis revealed that farmers perceive vets to have an important role in facilitating decision-making in all aspects of vaccination, including the aspects of vaccine distribution and advice on implementation. This important role is acknowledged by farmers who have regular veterinary contact, but also farmers with solely emergency veterinary contact. Given this finding, future work should investigate the attitudes of vets towards vaccination and how they perceive their role. Combining this knowledge will enable optimisation of vaccination strategies on British dairy farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I F Richens
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - P Hobson-West
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - M L Brennan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - R Lowton
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - J Kaler
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - W Wapenaar
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| |
Collapse
|