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Ullah A, Jiao W, Shen B. The role of proinflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines (CXCL1-CXCL16) in the progression of prostate cancer: insights on their therapeutic management. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:73. [PMID: 38745115 PMCID: PMC11094955 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Reproductive cancers are malignancies that develop in the reproductive organs. One of the leading cancers affecting the male reproductive system on a global scale is prostate cancer (PCa). The negative consequences of PCa metastases endure and are severe, significantly affecting mortality and life quality for those who are affected. The association between inflammation and PCa has captured interest for a while. Inflammatory cells, cytokines, CXC chemokines, signaling pathways, and other elements make up the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is characterized by inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines are especially crucial for PCa development and prognosis. Cytokines (interleukins) and CXC chemokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-7, IL-17, TGF-β, TNF-α, CXCL1-CXCL6, and CXCL8-CXCL16 are thought to be responsible for the pleiotropic effects of PCa, which include inflammation, progression, angiogenesis, leukocyte infiltration in advanced PCa, and therapeutic resistance. The inflammatory cytokine and CXC chemokines systems are also promising candidates for PCa suppression and immunotherapy. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to provide insight on how the spectra of inflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines evolve as PCa develops and spreads. We also discussed recent developments in our awareness of the diverse molecular signaling pathways of these circulating cytokines and CXC chemokines, as well as their associated receptors, which may one day serve as PCa-targeted therapies. Moreover, the current status and potential of theranostic PCa therapies based on cytokines, CXC chemokines, and CXC receptors (CXCRs) are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ullah
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Jiao
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Lu C, Liu Y, Miao L, Kong X, Li H, Chen H, Zhao X, Zhang B, Cui X. Research progress on the role of tumor‑associated macrophages in tumor development and their use as molecular targets (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:11. [PMID: 38063203 PMCID: PMC10734668 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex system composed mainly of tumor cells, mesenchymal cells and immune cells. Macrophages, also known as tumor‑associated macrophages (TAMs), among innate immune cells, are some of the most abundant components of the TME. They may influence tumor growth and metastasis through interactions with other cell populations in the TME and have been associated with poor prognosis in a variety of tumors. Therefore, a better understanding of the role of TAMs in the TME may provide new insight into tumor therapy. In the present review, the origin and classification of TAMs in the TME were outlined and their polarization and dual effects on tumor cells, as well as emerging strategies for cancer therapies targeting TAMs, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Lu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 860411, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 860411, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 860411, P.R. China
| | - Linxuan Miao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 860411, P.R. China
| | - Xiangle Kong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 860411, P.R. China
| | - Huili Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 860411, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 860411, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 860411, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 860411, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonan Cui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 860411, P.R. China
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Nawi AM, Masdor NA, Othman R, Kandayah T, Ahmad N, Safian N. Survival Rate and Prognostic Factors of Localised Prostate Cancer in Southeast Asian Countries: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:2941-2095. [PMID: 37774044 PMCID: PMC10762736 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.9.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (Pca) is one of the most prevalent health conditions affecting men, particularly older men, and cases have increased in recent years. OBJECTIVE This review examined the survival rate and prognostic factors of patients with Pca in Southeast Asia (SEA). METHODS We conducted a systematic search of three databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) and a manual search until April 1, 2022. The selected papers were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Form for Cohort Studies. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022326521). Pooled prevalence rates were calculated using the programme R version 4.2.1. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic and p-value. A narrative approach was used to describe prognostic factors. Studies were selected and finalised based on the review question. The quality of the included studies was assessed. RESULTS A total of 11 studies were included in this review. The 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year survival rates of SEA Pca cases were 80.8%, 51.9%, 66.1% (range 32.1-100) and 78% (range 55.9-100), respectively. Prognostic factors for Pca were discussed in terms of sociodemographic, disease-related and treatment-related aspects. The predictors of significantly lower survival were age more than 75 years, cancer detected during transurethral resection of the prostate, Gleason score more or equal to eight, high-risk group, metastases and no adjuvant radiotherapy. A meta-analysis on the pooled HR of prostate cancer could not be performed due to the heterogeneity of prognostic factors. The pooled prevalence of localised and metastatic prostate cancer in SEA countries was 39% 95% CI [20-62] and 40% 95% CI [28-53], respectively. CONCLUSION The survival rate in SEA countries can be determined by prognostic factors, which can be divided into sociodemographic, disease-related and treatment-related factors. Therefore, further studies are needed to improve the understanding and treatment of Pca in the region SEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmawati Mohammed Nawi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Molina OE, LaRue H, Simonyan D, Hovington H, Têtu B, Fradet V, Lacombe L, Toren P, Bergeron A, Fradet Y. High infiltration of CD209 + dendritic cells and CD163 + macrophages in the peritumor area of prostate cancer is predictive of late adverse outcomes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205266. [PMID: 37435060 PMCID: PMC10331466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prostate cancer (PCa) shows considerable variation in clinical outcomes between individuals with similar diseases. The initial host-tumor interaction as assessed by detailed analysis of tumor infiltrating immune cells within the primary tumor may dictate tumor evolution and late clinical outcomes. In this study, we assessed the association between clinical outcomes and dendritic cell (DC) or macrophage (MΦ) tumor infiltration as well as with expression of genes related to their functions. Methods Infiltration and localization of immature DC, mature DC, total MΦ and M2-type MΦ was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 99 radical prostatectomy specimens from patients with 15.5 years median clinical follow-up using antibodies against CD209, CD83, CD68 and CD163, respectively. The density of positive cells for each marker in various tumor areas was determined. In addition, expression of immune genes associated with DC and MΦ was tested in a series of 50 radical prostatectomy specimens by Taqman Low-Density Array with similarly long follow-up. Gene expression was classified as low and high after unsupervised hierarchical clustering. Numbers and ratio of positive cells and levels of gene expression were correlated with endpoints such as biochemical recurrence (BCR), need for definitive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or lethal PCa using Cox regression analyses and/or Kaplan-Meier curves. Results Positive immune cells were observed in tumor, tumor margin, and normal-like adjacent epithelium areas. CD209+ and CD163+ cells were more abundant at the tumor margin. Higher CD209+/CD83+ cell density ratio at the tumor margin was associated with higher risk of ADT and lethal PCa while higher density of CD163+ cells in the normal-like adjacent epithelium was associated with a higher risk of lethal PCa. A combination of 5 genes expressed at high levels correlated with a shorter survival without ADT and lethal PCa. Among these five genes, expression of IL12A and CD163 was correlated to each other and was associated with shorter survival without BCR and ADT/lethal PCa, respectively. Conclusion A higher level of infiltration of CD209+ immature DC and CD163+ M2-type MΦ in the peritumor area was associated with late adverse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Eduardo Molina
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène LaRue
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - David Simonyan
- Plateforme de Recherche Clinique et Évaluative, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène Hovington
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Bernard Têtu
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Lacombe
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Toren
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Bergeron
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Li D, Xu W, Chang Y, Xiao Y, He Y, Ren S. Advances in landscape and related therapeutic targets of the prostate tumor microenvironment. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023. [PMID: 37294106 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The distinct tumor microenvironment (TME) of prostate cancer (PCa), which promotes tumor proliferation and progression, consists of various stromal cells, immune cells, and a dense extracellular matrix (ECM). The understanding of the prostate TME extends to tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) and metastasis niches to provide a more concise comprehension of tumor metastasis. These constituents collectively structure the hallmarks of the pro-tumor TME, including immunosuppressive, acidic, and hypoxic niches, neuronal innervation, and metabolic rewiring. In combination with the knowledge of the tumor microenvironment and the advancement of emerging therapeutic technologies, several therapeutic strategies have been developed, and some of them have been tested in clinical trials. This review elaborates on PCa TME components, summarizes various TME-targeted therapies, and provides insights into PCa carcinogenesis, progression, and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duocai Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yifan Chang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yutian Xiao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yundong He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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May AM, Batoon L, McCauley LK, Keller ET. The Role of Tumor Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Macrophage Crosstalk in Cancer Progression. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:117-127. [PMID: 36848026 PMCID: PMC10106416 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the recently published findings regarding the role of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor progression, macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, and crosstalk that exists between tumor cells and macrophages. RECENT FINDINGS EMT is a crucial process in tumor progression. In association with EMT changes, macrophage infiltration of tumors occurs frequently. A large body of evidence demonstrates that various mechanisms of crosstalk exist between macrophages and tumor cells that have undergone EMT resulting in a vicious cycle that promotes tumor invasion and metastasis. Tumor-associated macrophages and tumor cells undergoing EMT provide reciprocal crosstalk which leads to tumor progression. These interactions provide potential targets to exploit for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M May
- Department of Urology, Medical School, University of Michigan, NCRC, Building 14, Room 116 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Lena Batoon
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laurie K McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology, Medical School, University of Michigan, NCRC, Building 14, Room 116 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Single Cell Spatial Analysis Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Hadimani SM, Das S, Harish KG. An immunohistochemical evaluation of tumor-associated macrophages (M1 and M2) in carcinoma prostate - An institutional study. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S300-S305. [PMID: 37148007 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_497_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are the main component of inflammation along with leukocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts together form a tumor microenvironment, with immune cells representing its vital component. Many studies suggested that TAMs cumulating in tumors correlate with a poor prognosis. In prostate cancer, TAMs can increase cancer cell invasion by stimulating tumor angiogenesis, degrading the extracellular matrix, and also suppresses the antitumor functions of cytotoxic T cells resulting in poor prognosis. Aims and Objectives : 1. To determine the expression of M1 (CD68) and M2 (CD163) in prostate carcinoma (Pca). 2. To find the association between M1, M2 macrophage with Gleason's score and stage of Pca. Materials and Methods : This is a retrospective observational study. All transurethral resection prostatic (TURP) chips positive for Pca and the clinical details were collected. Radiologic findings with respect to stage of disease, size of lesion, were noted. Results Among the 62 cases studied, majority of the cases were in-between the age of 61-70 years. Highest cases were seen in Gleason's score 8, 9, and 10 (62%), prostatic specific antigen (PSA) levels 20-80 ng/mL (64%), tumor size 3-6 cm (51.6%), T3 stage (40.3%), N1 lymph node stage (70.9%). M1 stage of (31%). CD68 and CD163 expression was analyzed with Gleason's score, TNM stage and PSA levels. CD68 score 3 correlated with low distant and nodal metastasis 6.2% and 6.8%, respectively. CD163 score 3 correlated with high metastasis to lymph nodes and distant metastasis of 86.3% and 25%, respectively. On further analysis, statistically convincing association between the CD163 expression and Gleason's score, PSA levels, nodal and distant metastasis was found. Conclusion CD68 expression was correlated with good prognosis with less nodal and distant metastasis and Cd163 expression has poor outcome with increased chances of nodal and distant metastasis. Further exploration of TAM mechanisms and immune checkpoints in the prostate tumor microenvironment can furnish new light and motives for the treatment of Pca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya M Hadimani
- Department of Pathology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India
| | - Subhashish Das
- Department of Pathology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India
| | - K G Harish
- Department of Urology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India
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Inflammation in Urological Malignancies: The Silent Killer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010866. [PMID: 36614308 PMCID: PMC9821648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the role of inflammation in promoting tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Neoplastic as well as surrounding stromal and inflammatory cells engage in well-orchestrated reciprocal interactions to establish an inflammatory tumor microenvironment. The tumor-associated inflammatory tissue is highly plastic, capable of continuously modifying its phenotypic and functional characteristics. Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the development of urological cancers. Here, we review the origins of inflammation in urothelial, prostatic, renal, testicular, and penile cancers, focusing on the mechanisms that drive tumor initiation, growth, progression, and metastasis. We also discuss how tumor-associated inflammatory tissue may be a diagnostic marker of clinically significant tumor progression risk and the target for future anti-cancer therapies.
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Erlandsson A, Lundholm M, Watz J, Bergh A, Petrova E, Alamdari F, Helleday T, Davidsson S, Andren O, Tarish F. Infiltrating immune cells in prostate cancer tissue after androgen deprivation and radiotherapy. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2023; 37:3946320231158025. [PMID: 36880147 PMCID: PMC9996739 DOI: 10.1177/03946320231158025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has long been a cornerstone in treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa), and is known to improve the results of radiotherapy (RT) for high-risk disease. The purpose of our study was to use a multiplexed immunohistochemical (mIHC) approach to investigate the infiltration of immune cells in PCa tissue after eight weeks of ADT and/or RT with 10 Gy. METHODS From a cohort of 48 patients divided into two treatment arms, we obtained biopsies before and after treatment and used a mIHC method with multispectral imaging to analyze the infiltration of immune cells in tumor stroma and tumor epithelium, focusing on areas with high infiltration. RESULTS Tumor stroma showed a significantly higher infiltration of immune cells compared to tumor epithelium. The most prominent immune cells were CD20+ B-lymphocytes, followed by CD68+ macrophages, CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells, FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs), and T-bet+ Th1-cells. Neoadjuvant ADT followed by RT significantly increased the infiltration of all five immune cells. Numbers of Th1-cells and Tregs significantly increased after single treatment with ADT or RT. In addition, ADT alone increased the number of cytotoxic T-cells and RT increased the number of B-cells. CONCLUSIONS Neoadjuvant ADT in combination with RT results in a higher inflammatory response compared to RT or ADT alone. The mIHC method may be a useful tool for investigating infiltrating immune cells in PCa biopsies to understand how immunotherapeutic approaches can be combined with current PCa therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Erlandsson
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, 59566Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Environmental and Life Sciences/Biology, 101086Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Marie Lundholm
- Department of Medical Biosciences, 377074Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Watz
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences/Biology, 101086Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Anders Bergh
- Department of Medical Biosciences, 377074Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elitsa Petrova
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, 59594Central Hospital Karlstad, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Farhood Alamdari
- Department of Urology, 370894Västmanlands Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 463758Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabina Davidsson
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, 59566Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ove Andren
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, 59566Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Firas Tarish
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 463758Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mughees M, Kaushal JB, Sharma G, Wajid S, Batra SK, Siddiqui JA. Chemokines and cytokines: Axis and allies in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:497-512. [PMID: 35181473 PMCID: PMC9793433 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are recognized as the major contributor to various tumorigenesis, tumor heterogeneity, and failures of current cancer therapies. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is enriched with chemokines and cytokines and plays a pivotal role in cancer progression. Chronic inflammation is also considered an instructive process of cancer progression, where chemokines are spatiotemporally secreted by malignant cells and leukocyte subtypes that initiate cell trafficking into the TME. In various cancers, prostate cancer (PCa) is reported as one of the leading cancers in the worldwide male population. The chemokines-mediated signaling pathways are intensively involved in PCa progression and metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests that chemokines and cytokines are responsible for the pleiotropic actions in cancer, including the growth, angiogenesis, endothelial mesenchymal transition, leukocyte infiltration, and hormone escape for advanced PCa and therapy resistance. Chemokine's system and immune cells represent a promising target to suppress tumorigenic environments and serve as potential therapy/immunotherapy for the PCa. In this review, an attempt has been made to shed light on the alteration of chemokine and cytokine profiles during PCa progression and metastasis. We also discussed the recent findings of the diverse molecular signaling of these circulating chemokines and their corresponding receptors that could become future targets for therapeutic management of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mughees
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA(1)
| | - Jyoti Bala Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Boosting the Immune Response—Combining Local and Immune Therapy for Prostate Cancer Treatment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182793. [PMID: 36139368 PMCID: PMC9496996 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its slow progression and susceptibility to radical forms of treatment, low-grade PC is associated with high overall survival (OS). With the clinical progression of PC, the therapy is becoming more complex. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) makes PC a difficult target for most immunotherapeutics. Its general immune resistance is established by e.g., immune evasion through Treg cells, synthesis of immunosuppressive mediators, and the defective expression of surface neoantigens. The success of sipuleucel-T in clinical trials initiated several other clinical studies that specifically target the immune escape of tumors and eliminate the immunosuppressive properties of the TME. In the settings of PC treatment, this can be commonly achieved with radiation therapy (RT). In addition, focal therapies usually applied for localized PC, such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and irreversible electroporation (IRE) were shown to boost the anti-cancer response. Nevertheless, the present guidelines restrict their application to the context of a clinical trial or a prospective cohort study. This review explains how RT and focal therapies enhance the immune response. We also provide data supporting the combination of RT and focal treatments with immune therapies.
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Effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on orthotopic prostate cancer progression, tumor associated macrophages, angiogenesis and T-cell activation-dependence on GPR120. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022; 25:539-546. [PMID: 35075215 PMCID: PMC9308823 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00440-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antiprostate cancer effects of dietary ω-3 fatty acids (FAs) were previously found to be dependent on host G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). Using an orthotopic tumor model and an ex-vivo model of bone marrow derived M2-like macrophages, we sought to determine if ω-3 FAs inhibit angiogenesis and activate T-cells, and if these effects are dependent on GPR120. METHODS Gausia luciferase labeled MycCaP prostate cancer cells (MycCaP-Gluc) were injected into the anterior prostate lobe of FVB mice. After established tumors were confirmed by blood luminescence, mice were fed an ω-3 or ω-6 diet. Five weeks after tumor injection, tumor weight, immune cell infiltration and markers of angiogenesis were determined. An ex-vivo co-culture model of bone marrow derived M2-like macrophages from wild-type or GPR120 knockout mice with MycCap prostate cancer cells was used to determine if docosahexanoic acid (DHA, ω-3 FA) inhibition of angiogenesis and T-cell activation is dependent on macrophage GPR120. RESULTS Feeding an ω-3 diet significantly reduced orthotopic MycCaP-Gluc tumor growth relative to an ω-6 diet. Tumors from the ω-3 group had decreased M2-like macrophage infiltration and decreased expression of angiogenesis factors. DHA significantly inhibited M2 macrophage-induced endothelial tube formation and reversed M2 macrophage-induced T-cell suppression, and these DHA effects were mediated, in part, by M2 macrophage GPR120. CONCLUSION Omega-3 FAs delayed orthotopic tumor growth, inhibited M2-like macrophage tumor infiltration, and inhibited M2-like macrophage-induced angiogenesis and T-cell suppression. Given the central role of M2-like macrophages in prostate cancer progression, GPR120-dependent ω-3 FA inhibition of M2-like macrophages may play an important role in prostate cancer therapeutics.
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Kader A, Kaufmann JO, Mangarova DB, Moeckel J, Brangsch J, Adams LC, Zhao J, Reimann C, Saatz J, Traub H, Buchholz R, Karst U, Hamm B, Makowski MR. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Visualization of Prostate Cancer in MRI. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122909. [PMID: 35740575 PMCID: PMC9221397 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men. For detection and diagnosis of PCa, non-invasive methods, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can reduce the risk potential of surgical intervention. To explore the molecular characteristics of the tumor, we investigated the applicability of ferumoxytol in PCa in a xenograft mouse model in two different tumor volumes, 500 mm3 and 1000 mm3. Macrophages play a key role in tumor progression, and they are able to internalize iron-oxide particles, such as ferumoxytol. When evaluating T2*-weighted sequences on MRI, a significant decrease of signal intensity between pre- and post-contrast images for each tumor volume (n = 14; p < 0.001) was measured. We, furthermore, observed a higher signal loss for a tumor volume of 500 mm3 than for 1000 mm3. These findings were confirmed by histological examinations and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The 500 mm3 tumors had 1.5% iron content (n = 14; σ = 1.1), while the 1000 mm3 tumors contained only 0.4% iron (n = 14; σ = 0.2). In vivo MRI data demonstrated a correlation with the ex vivo data (R2 = 0.75). The results of elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry correlated strongly with the MRI data (R2 = 0.83) (n = 4). Due to its long retention time in the blood, biodegradability, and low toxicity to patients, ferumoxytol has great potential as a contrast agent for visualization PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avan Kader
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.O.K.); (D.B.M.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (L.C.A.); (J.Z.); (C.R.); (B.H.); (M.R.M.)
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan O. Kaufmann
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.O.K.); (D.B.M.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (L.C.A.); (J.Z.); (C.R.); (B.H.); (M.R.M.)
- Division 1.5 Protein Analysis, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-Prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dilyana B. Mangarova
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.O.K.); (D.B.M.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (L.C.A.); (J.Z.); (C.R.); (B.H.); (M.R.M.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 15, Building 12, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Moeckel
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.O.K.); (D.B.M.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (L.C.A.); (J.Z.); (C.R.); (B.H.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Julia Brangsch
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.O.K.); (D.B.M.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (L.C.A.); (J.Z.); (C.R.); (B.H.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Lisa C. Adams
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.O.K.); (D.B.M.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (L.C.A.); (J.Z.); (C.R.); (B.H.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Jing Zhao
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.O.K.); (D.B.M.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (L.C.A.); (J.Z.); (C.R.); (B.H.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Carolin Reimann
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.O.K.); (D.B.M.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (L.C.A.); (J.Z.); (C.R.); (B.H.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Jessica Saatz
- Division 1.1 Inorganic Trace Analysis, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-Prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (J.S.); (H.T.)
| | - Heike Traub
- Division 1.1 Inorganic Trace Analysis, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-Prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (J.S.); (H.T.)
| | - Rebecca Buchholz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (R.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (R.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Bernd Hamm
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.O.K.); (D.B.M.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (L.C.A.); (J.Z.); (C.R.); (B.H.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Marcus R. Makowski
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.O.K.); (D.B.M.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (L.C.A.); (J.Z.); (C.R.); (B.H.); (M.R.M.)
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
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14
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Immunosuppressive Signaling Pathways as Targeted Cancer Therapies. Biomedicines 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030682
expr 829797163 + 949875436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune response has been shown to play an important role in defining patient prognosis and response to cancer treatment. Tumor-induced immunosuppression encouraged the recent development of new chemotherapeutic agents that assists in the augmentation of immune responses. Molecular mechanisms that tumors use to evade immunosurveillance are attributed to their ability to alter antigen processing/presentation pathways and the tumor microenvironment. Cancer cells take advantage of normal molecular and immunoregulatory machinery to survive and thrive. Cancer cells constantly adjust their genetic makeup using several mechanisms such as nucleotide excision repair as well as microsatellite and chromosomal instability, thus giving rise to new variants with reduced immunogenicity and the ability to continue to grow without restrictions. This review will focus on the central molecular signaling pathways involved in immunosuppressive cells and briefly discuss how cancer cells evade immunosurveillance by manipulating antigen processing cells and related proteins. Secondly, the review will discuss how these pathways can be utilized for the implementation of precision medicine and deciphering drug resistance.
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15
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Immunosuppressive Signaling Pathways as Targeted Cancer Therapies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030682. [PMID: 35327484 PMCID: PMC8945019 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune response has been shown to play an important role in defining patient prognosis and response to cancer treatment. Tumor-induced immunosuppression encouraged the recent development of new chemotherapeutic agents that assists in the augmentation of immune responses. Molecular mechanisms that tumors use to evade immunosurveillance are attributed to their ability to alter antigen processing/presentation pathways and the tumor microenvironment. Cancer cells take advantage of normal molecular and immunoregulatory machinery to survive and thrive. Cancer cells constantly adjust their genetic makeup using several mechanisms such as nucleotide excision repair as well as microsatellite and chromosomal instability, thus giving rise to new variants with reduced immunogenicity and the ability to continue to grow without restrictions. This review will focus on the central molecular signaling pathways involved in immunosuppressive cells and briefly discuss how cancer cells evade immunosurveillance by manipulating antigen processing cells and related proteins. Secondly, the review will discuss how these pathways can be utilized for the implementation of precision medicine and deciphering drug resistance.
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16
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Koistinen H, Künnapuu J, Jeltsch M. KLK3 in the Regulation of Angiogenesis-Tumorigenic or Not? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413545. [PMID: 34948344 PMCID: PMC8704207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this focused review, we address the role of the kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3), also known as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), in the regulation of angiogenesis. Early studies suggest that KLK3 is able to inhibit angiogenic processes, which is most likely dependent on its proteolytic activity. However, more recent evidence suggests that KLK3 may also have an opposite role, mediated by the ability of KLK3 to activate the (lymph)angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factors VEGF-C and VEGF-D, further discussed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (M.J.)
| | - Jaana Künnapuu
- Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Michael Jeltsch
- Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (M.J.)
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17
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Rho MJ, Park J, Moon HW, Kim CS, Jeon SS, Kang M, Lee JY. Dr. Answer AI for prostate cancer: Intention to use, expected effects, performance, and concerns of urologists. Prostate Int 2021; 10:38-44. [PMID: 35510100 PMCID: PMC9042771 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jung Rho
- College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Korea
| | - Jihwan Park
- School of Software Convergence, College of Software Convergence, Dankook University, Korea
| | - Hyong Woo Moon
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choung-Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Soo Jeon
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minyong Kang
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Youl Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author.
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18
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Tang Q, Cheng B, Dai R, Wang R. The Role of Androgen Receptor in Cross Talk Between Stromal Cells and Prostate Cancer Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:729498. [PMID: 34692685 PMCID: PMC8526848 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.729498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) lists as the second most lethal cancer for men in western countries, and androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in its initiation and progression, which prompts the development of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) as the standard treatment. Prostate tumor microenvironment, consisting of stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM), has dynamic interactions with PCa epithelial cells and affects their growth and invasiveness. Studies have shown that both genomic and non-genomic AR signaling pathways are involved in the biological regulation of PCa epithelial cells. In addition, AR signaling in prostate stroma is also involved in PCa carcinogenesis and progression. Loss of AR in PCa stroma is clinically observed as PCa progresses to advanced stage. Especially, downregulation of AR in stromal fibroblasts dysregulates the expression levels of ECM proteins, thus creating a suitable environment for PCa cells to metastasize. Importantly, ADT treatment enhances this reciprocal interaction and predisposes stromal cells to promote cell invasion of PCa cells. During this process, AR in PCa epithelium actively responds to various stimuli derived from the surrounding stromal cells and undergoes enhanced degradation while elevating the expression of certain genes such as MMP9 responsible for cell invasion. AR reduction in epithelial cells also accelerates these cells to differentiate into cancer stem-like cells and neuroendocrine cells, which are AR-negative PCa cells and inherently resistant to ADT treatments. Overall, understanding of the cross talk between tumor microenvironment and PCa at the molecular level may assist the development of novel therapeutic strategies against this disease. This review will provide a snapshot of AR's action when the interaction of stromal cells and PCa cells occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyao Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rongyang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ronghao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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19
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Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts as Beneficial Prospect for Cancer Theranostics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216389. [PMID: 34770796 PMCID: PMC8586976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely explored and are well-known for their medical applications. Chemical and physical synthesis methods are a way to make AuNPs. In any case, the hunt for other more ecologically friendly and cost-effective large-scale technologies, such as environmentally friendly biological processes known as green synthesis, has been gaining interest by worldwide researchers. The international focus on green nanotechnology research has resulted in various nanomaterials being used in environmentally and physiologically acceptable applications. Several advantages over conventional physical and chemical synthesis (simple, one-step approach to synthesize, cost-effectiveness, energy efficiency, and biocompatibility) have drawn scientists’ attention to exploring the green synthesis of AuNPs by exploiting plants’ secondary metabolites. Biogenic approaches, mainly the plant-based synthesis of metal nanoparticles, have been chosen as the ideal strategy due to their environmental and in vivo safety, as well as their ease of synthesis. In this review, we reviewed the use of green synthesized AuNPs in the treatment of cancer by utilizing phytochemicals found in plant extracts. This article reviews plant-based methods for producing AuNPs, characterization methods of synthesized AuNPs, and discusses their physiochemical properties. This study also discusses recent breakthroughs and achievements in using green synthesized AuNPs in cancer treatment and different mechanisms of action, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation, leading to apoptosis, etc., for their anticancer and cytotoxic effects. Understanding the mechanisms underlying AuNPs therapeutic efficacy will aid in developing personalized medicines and treatments for cancer as a potential cancer therapeutic strategy.
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Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy involves the genetic modification of the patient's own T cells so that they specifically recognize and destroy tumour cells. Considerable clinical success has been achieved using this technique in patients with lymphoid malignancies, but clinical studies that investigated treating solid tumours using this emerging technology have been disappointing. A number of developments might be able to increase the efficacy of CAR T cell therapy for treatment of prostate cancer, including improved trafficking to the tumour, techniques to overcome the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, as well as methods to enhance CAR T cell persistence, specificity and safety. Furthermore, CAR T cell therapy has the potential to be combined with other treatment modalities, such as androgen deprivation therapy, radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and could be applied as focal CAR T cell therapy for prostate cancer.
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21
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Broggi G, Lo Giudice A, Di Mauro M, Asmundo MG, Pricoco E, Piombino E, Caltabiano R, Morgia G, Russo GI. SRSF-1 and microvessel density immunohistochemical analysis by semi-automated tissue microarray in prostate cancer patients with diabetes (DIAMOND study). Prostate 2021; 81:882-892. [PMID: 34196424 PMCID: PMC8362056 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between insulin receptors (isoforms α and β), insulin growth factor-1 (IGF1) and serine/arginine splicing factor 1 (SRSF-1) in patients with prostate cancer (PC) and diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from 368 patients who underwent surgery for PC or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) between 2010 and 2020 at the Department of Urology, University of Catania. Tissue microarray slides were constructed and they were stained for androgen receptor (AR), insulin receptor-α and -β, IGF1 (IGF1-R), Ki-67, and prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression using validated score. RESULTS The final cohort was represented by 100 patients with BPH and 268 with PC, with a median age of 68 years. We found that SRSF-1 expression was associated with AR (odds ratio [OR]: 1.66), PSMA (OR: 2.13), Ki-67 (OR: 5.99), insulin receptor (IR)-α (OR: 2.38), IR-β (OR: 3.48), IGF1-R (OR: 1.53), and microvascular density (MVD) was associated with PSMA (OR: 3.44), Ki-67 (OR: 2.23), IR-α (OR: 2.91), IR-β (OR: 3.02), IGF1-R (OR: 2.95), and SRSF-1 (OR: 2.21). In the sub cohort of PC patients, we found that SRSF-1 expression was associated with AR (OR: 2.34), Ki-67 (OR: 6.77), IR-α (OR: 2.7), and MVD (OR: 1.98). At the Kaplan-Meier analysis, SRSF-1+ patients had worse 5- and 9-year biochemical recurrence (36% and 6%) respect to SRSF-1- (67% and 7%; p < .01) and similarly MVD+ patients (44% and 7%) respect to MVD- (64% and 8%; p < .01). Restricting the analysis only in patients with PC and diabetes, we found that SRSF-1+ was associated with Ki-67+ (OR: 8.75; p < .05) and MVD+ (OR: 7.5; p < .05). CONCLUSIONS PC exhibits widespread heterogeneity in protein expression. In particular, the expressions of the SRSF-1 protein and of the MVD are associated with a worse prognosis and in particular with a greater cell proliferation. These results, although preliminary, may offer new future scientific insights with the aim of highlighting possible genetic alterations linked to a greater expression of SRSF-1 and associated with a worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic PathologyUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Arturo Lo Giudice
- Urology Section, Department of SurgeryUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Marina Di Mauro
- Urology Section, Department of SurgeryUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Maria Giovanna Asmundo
- Urology Section, Department of SurgeryUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
- Department of UrologyEuropean Institute of Oncology, IRCCSMilanItaly
| | | | - Eliana Piombino
- Department of Experimental OncologyMediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM)CataniaItaly
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic PathologyUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Morgia
- Urology Section, Department of SurgeryUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
- Department of Experimental OncologyMediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM)CataniaItaly
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22
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McGovern JA, Bock N, Shafiee A, Martine LC, Wagner F, Baldwin JG, Landgraf M, Lahr CA, Meinert C, Williams ED, Pollock PM, Denham J, Russell PJ, Risbridger GP, Clements JA, Loessner D, Holzapfel BM, Hutmacher DW. A humanized orthotopic tumor microenvironment alters the bone metastatic tropism of prostate cancer cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1014. [PMID: 34462519 PMCID: PMC8405640 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, and bone is the most frequent site of metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) impacts tumor growth and metastasis, yet the role of the TME in PCa metastasis to bone is not fully understood. We used a tissue-engineered xenograft approach in NOD-scid IL2Rγnull (NSG) mice to incorporate two levels of humanization; the primary tumor and TME, and the secondary metastatic bone organ. Bioluminescent imaging, histology, and immunohistochemistry were used to study metastasis of human PC-3 and LNCaP PCa cells from the prostate to tissue-engineered bone. Here we show pre-seeding scaffolds with human osteoblasts increases the human cellular and extracellular matrix content of bone constructs, compared to unseeded scaffolds. The humanized prostate TME showed a trend to decrease metastasis of PC-3 PCa cells to the tissue-engineered bone, but did not affect the metastatic potential of PCa cells to the endogenous murine bones or organs. On the other hand, the humanized TME enhanced LNCaP tumor growth and metastasis to humanized and murine bone. Together this demonstrates the importance of the TME in PCa bone tropism, although further investigations are needed to delineate specific roles of the TME components in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui A McGovern
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering (MMPE), Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Faculty of Health, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nathalie Bock
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Faculty of Health, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laure C Martine
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ferdinand Wagner
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Musculoskeletal University Centre Munich, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeremy G Baldwin
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marietta Landgraf
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Faculty of Health, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christoph A Lahr
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering (MMPE), Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Musculoskeletal University Centre Munich, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Meinert
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth D Williams
- School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Faculty of Health, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pamela M Pollock
- School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Faculty of Health, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jim Denham
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Pamela J Russell
- School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Faculty of Health, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gail P Risbridger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Judith A Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Faculty of Health, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Boris M Holzapfel
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Musculoskeletal University Centre Munich, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering (MMPE), Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Faculty of Health, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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23
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Khoobchandani M, Khan A, Katti KK, Thipe VC, Al-Yasiri AY, MohanDoss DKD, Nicholl MB, Lugão AB, Hans CP, Katti KV. Green nanotechnology of MGF-AuNPs for immunomodulatory intervention in prostate cancer therapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16797. [PMID: 34408231 PMCID: PMC8373987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) face poor prognosis and increased risk of treatment-incurred adverse effects resulting in one of the highest mortalities among patient population globally. Immune cells act as double-edged sword depending on the tumor microenvironment, which leads to increased infiltration of pro-tumor (M2) macrophages. Development of new immunomodulatory therapeutic agents capable of targeting the tumor microenvironment, and hence orchestrating the transformation of pro-tumor M2 macrophages to anti-tumor M1, would substantially improve treatment outcomes of CRPC patients. We report, herein, Mangiferin functionalized gold nanoparticulate agent (MGF-AuNPs) and its immunomodulatory characteristics in treating prostate cancer. We provide evidence of immunomodulatory intervention of MGF-AuNPs in prostate cancers through observations of enhanced levels of anti-tumor cytokines (IL-12 and TNF-α) with concomitant reductions in the levels of pro-tumor cytokines (IL-10 and IL-6). In the MGF-AuNPs treated groups, IL-12 was elevated to ten-fold while TNF-α was elevated to about 50-fold, while IL-10 and IL-6 were reduced by two-fold. Ability of MGF-AuNPs to target splenic macrophages is invoked via targeting of NF-kB signaling pathway. Finally, therapeutic efficacy of MGF-AuNPs, in treating prostate cancer in vivo in tumor bearing mice, is described taking into consideration various immunomodulatory interventions triggered by this green nanotechnology-based nanomedicine agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menka Khoobchandani
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Aslam Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Kavita K Katti
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Velaphi C Thipe
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, IPEN/CNEN-SP, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Amal Y Al-Yasiri
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Institute (NSEI), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Darsha K D MohanDoss
- Dhanvantari Nano Ayushadi Pvt Ltd, No. 8/34, Neelakanta Mehta Street, T. Nagar, Chennai, 600017, India
| | | | - Ademar B Lugão
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, IPEN/CNEN-SP, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Chetan P Hans
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Kattesh V Katti
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
- University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
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24
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Yoo JW, Lee KS, Chung BH, Kwon SY, Seo YJ, Lee KS, Koo KC. Optimal duration of preoperative antibiotic treatment prior to ureteroscopic lithotripsy to prevent postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients presenting with urolithiasis-induced obstructive acute pyelonephritis. Investig Clin Urol 2021; 62:681-689. [PMID: 34387040 PMCID: PMC8566789 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20210160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is no consensus on the optimal duration of preoperative antibiotic treatment prior to ureteroscopic lithotripsy in patients presenting with urolithiasis-induced obstructive acute pyelonephritis (APN). We aimed to identify surgeon-modifiable, preoperative risk factors associated with postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This multicenter retrospective study evaluated 115 patients who presented with urolithiasis-induced obstructive APN between January 2008 and December 2019. All patients were administered intravenous third-generation cephalosporin until culture sensitivity confirmation or until ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Data were collected for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, performance status, stone features, hydronephrosis grade, preoperative renal collecting system drainage, laboratory data, operative time, and duration of preoperative antibiotic treatment. Sensitivity analysis using Youden's index and logistic regression analysis were used to assess risk factors of postoperative SIRS. RESULTS Postoperative SIRS was identified in 32 (27.8%) patients. The incidence of postoperative SIRS was higher in patients who received preoperative antibiotic treatment for fewer than 14 days (38.8% vs. 12.5%; p=0.001). Backward variable selection logistic regression analysis revealed maximal stone diameter ≥15 mm, duration of preoperative antibiotic treatment <14 days, and preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) level ≥6.0 mg/L to be associated with higher risk of postoperative SIRS. CONCLUSIONS Patients with urolithiasis-induced obstructive APN planned for ureteroscopic lithotripsy should be administered at least 14 days of preoperative antibiotic administration and achieve a serum CRP level ≤6.0 mg/L to minimize the risk of postoperative SIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Woo Yoo
- Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Suk Lee
- Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Ha Chung
- Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Yun Kwon
- Department of Urology, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Young Jin Seo
- Department of Urology, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Kyung Seop Lee
- Department of Urology, Keimyung University Gyeongju Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Kyo Chul Koo
- Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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25
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Hah YS, Koo KC. Immunology and Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094452. [PMID: 33923219 PMCID: PMC8123195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant tumor associated with various tumor microenvironments (TMEs). The immune system is activated by the development of cancer and drives T cell anti-tumor response. CD8 T cells are known to improve clinical outcomes and sensitivity to immunotherapy, and play a crucial role against tumors. In contrast, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) suppress immunity against malignancy and lead to tumor progression. TAMs are promoted from damaged TMEs and mount proinflammatory responses to pathogens. Initial immunotherapy consists of interferon-α and interleukin-2. However, response to such therapy is unclear in most patients, and it is associated with high levels of toxicity. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which up-regulate immune responses by blocking the programed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) receptor, the ligand of PD-1, or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 T cells, have led to a new era of immunotherapy. Furthermore, combination strategies with ICIs have proven effective through several randomized controlled trials. We expect the next generation of immunotherapy to lead to better outcomes based on ongoing trials and inspire new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Soo Hah
- Department of Urology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Kyo-Chul Koo
- Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2019-3470
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26
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Byrne NM, Tambe P, Coulter JA. Radiation Response in the Tumour Microenvironment: Predictive Biomarkers and Future Perspectives. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11010053. [PMID: 33467153 PMCID: PMC7830490 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a primary treatment modality for a number of cancers, offering potentially curative outcomes. Despite its success, tumour cells can become resistant to RT, leading to disease recurrence. Components of the tumour microenvironment (TME) likely play an integral role in managing RT success or failure including infiltrating immune cells, the tumour vasculature and stroma. Furthermore, genomic profiling of the TME could identify predictive biomarkers or gene signatures indicative of RT response. In this review, we will discuss proposed mechanisms of radioresistance within the TME, biomarkers that may predict RT outcomes, and future perspectives on radiation treatment in the era of personalised medicine.
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27
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Yirga A, Oyekunle T, Howard LE, De Hoedt AM, Cooperberg MR, Kane CJ, Aronson WJ, Terris MK, Amling CL, Taioli E, Fowke JH, Klaanssen Z, Freedland SJ, Vidal AC. Monocyte counts and prostate cancer outcomes in white and black men: results from the SEARCH database. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 32:189-197. [PMID: 33392907 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Circulating inflammatory markers may predict prostate cancer (PC) outcomes. For example, a recent study showed that higher peripheral blood monocyte counts were associated with aggressive PC in Asian men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). Herein, we investigated whether peripheral monocyte count can predict long-term PC outcomes after RP in black and white men. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed data on 2345 men undergoing RP from 2000 to 2017 at eight Veterans Affairs hospitals. Data on monocyte count within 6 and 12 months prior to surgery were collected. The study outcomes were biochemical recurrence (BCR), castration-resistant PC (CRPC), metastasis, all-cause mortality (ACM), and PC-specific morality (PCSM). Cox-proportional hazard models were used to assess the associations between pre-operative monocyte count and the above-mentioned outcomes accounting for confounders. RESULTS Of 2345 RP patients, 972 (41%) were black and 1373 (59%) were white men. In multivariable analyses, we found no associations between monocyte count and BCR among all men (HR: 1.36, 95%CI 0.90-2.07) or when analyses were stratified by race (HR: 1.30, 95%CI 0.69-2.46, in black men; HR:1.33, 95%CI 0.76-02.33, in white men). Likewise, no overall or race-specific associations were found between monocyte count and CRPC, metastases, ACM, and PCSM, all p ≥ 0.15. Results were similar for monocyte count measured at 12 months prior to RP. CONCLUSION In black and white PC patients undergoing RP, peripheral monocyte count was not associated with long-term PC outcomes. Contrary to what was found in Asian populations, monocyte count was not associated with PC outcomes in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeb Yirga
- Surgery Section, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Taofik Oyekunle
- Surgery Section, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lauren E Howard
- Surgery Section, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Matthew R Cooperberg
- Department of Urology, Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF Helen, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Kane
- Urology Department, University of California San Diego Health System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - William J Aronson
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martha K Terris
- Section of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher L Amling
- Department of Urology, Oregon Health and Science University Hospital, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jay H Fowke
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Freedland
- Center for Integrated Research On Cancer and Lifestyle, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 8631 West 3rd Street Suite 430W, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Adriana C Vidal
- Center for Integrated Research On Cancer and Lifestyle, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 8631 West 3rd Street Suite 430W, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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