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Sharma I, Gupta P, Kango N. Synthesis and characterization of keratinase laden green synthesized silver nanoparticles for valorization of feather keratin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11608. [PMID: 37463953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the efficient and cost-effective synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts, which have versatile and non-toxic applications. The research objectives include synthesizing AgNPs from readily available plant extracts, optimizing their production and multi scale characterization, along with exploring their use for enzyme immobilization and mitigation of poultry feather waste. Among the plant extracts tested, the flower extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (HF) showed the most potential for AgNP synthesis. The synthesis of HF-mediated AgNPs was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) for efficient and environment friendly production. Additionally, the keratinase enzyme obtained from Bacillus sp. NCIM 5802 was covalently linked to AgNPs, forming a keratinase nanocomplex (KNC) whose biochemical properties were evaluated. The KNC demonstrated optimal activity at pH 10.0 and 60 °C and it displayed remarkable stability in the presence of various inhibitors, metal ions, surfactants, and detergents. Spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, UV-visible, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were employed to investigate the formation of biogenic HF-AgNPs and KNC, confirming the presence of capping and stabilizing agents. The morphological characteristics of the synthesized AgNPs and KNC were determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analysis. The study highlighted the antimicrobial, dye scavenging, and antioxidant properties of biogenic AgNPs and KNC, demonstrating their potential for various applications. Overall, this research showcases the effectiveness of plant extract-driven green synthesis of AgNPs and the successful development of keratinase-laden nanocomplexes, opening possibilities for their use in immobilizing industrial and commercial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India
| | - Pranshi Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India
| | - Naveen Kango
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India.
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2
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Zaman U, Rehman KU, Khan SU, Badshah S, Hosny KM, Alghamdi MA, Hmid HK, Alissa M, Bukhary DM, Abdelrahman EA. Production, optimization, and purification of alkaline thermotolerant protease from newly isolated Phalaris minor seeds. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123544. [PMID: 36754264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims to purify and perform a preliminary analysis on a thermostable serine alkaline protease from a recently identified P. minor. The enzyme was purified 2.7-fold with a 12.4 % recovery using Sephadex G-100 chromatography, DEAE-cellulose, and ammonium sulphate precipitation. The isolated enzyme has a specific activity of 473 U/mg. The purified protease had a molecular mass of 29 kDa, and just one band was seen, which matched the band obtained using SDS-PAGE. High thermostability was demonstrated by the enzymes, which had half-lives of 31.79 and 6.0 min (a 5.3-fold improvement), enthalpies of denaturation (ΔH°) of 119.53 and 119.35 KJ mol-1, entropies of denaturation (ΔS°) of 32.96 and 41.11 J/mol·K, and free energies of denaturation (ΔG°) of 108.87 and 105.58 KJ mol-1 for the protease enzyme. Studies on the folding and stability of alkaline proteases are important since their use in biotechnology requires that they operate in settings of extreme pH and temperature. According to the kinetic and thermodynamic properties, the protease produced by P. minor is superior to that produced by other sources and previously described plants, and it might find utility in a variety of industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umber Zaman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Khalil Ur Rehman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan.
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University KPK, Pakistan; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Syed Badshah
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Khaled M Hosny
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majd A Alghamdi
- Department of Medical Analysis, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem K Hmid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cairo Center for Laboratories, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deena M Bukhary
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab A Abdelrahman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt.
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Tarek H, Nam KB, Kim YK, Suchi SA, Yoo JC. Biochemical Characterization and Application of a Detergent Stable, Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Potential Protease from Bacillus siamensis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065774. [PMID: 36982846 PMCID: PMC10056560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases are important enzymes that are engaged in a variety of essential physiological functions and have a significant possible use in industrial applications. In this work, we reported the purification and biochemical characterization of a detergent stable, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm potential protease (SH21) produced by Bacillus siamensis CSB55 isolated from Korean fermented vegetable kimchi. SH21 was purified to obtain homogeneity via ammonium sulfate precipitation (40-80%), Sepharose CL-6B, and Sephadex G-75 column. By analyzing the SDS-PAGE and zymogram, it was determined that the molecular weight was around 25 kDa. The enzyme activity was almost completely inhibited in the presence of PMSF and DFP, which indicated that it was a member of the serine protease family. SH21 showed excellent activity with a broad range of pH and temperature, with its maximum pH of 9.0 and temperature of 55 °C. The enzyme had estimated Km and Vmax values of 0.197 mg/mL and 1.22 × 103 U/mg, respectively. In addition, it preserved good activity in the presence of different organic solvents, surfactants, and other reagents. This enzyme showed good antimicrobial activity that was evaluated by MIC against several pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, it exhibited strong antibiofilm activity as determined by MBIC and MBEC assay and degraded the biofilms, which were analyzed by confocal microscopic study. These properties established that SH21 is a potent alkaline protease that can be used in industrial and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Tarek
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Bin Nam
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Suzia Aktar Suchi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Cheol Yoo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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Purohit MK, Rathore DS, Koladiya G, Pandey S, Singh SP. Comparative analysis of the catalysis and stability of the native, recombinant and metagenomic alkaline proteases in organic solvents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80968-80982. [PMID: 35725880 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effect of organic solvents on alkaline proteases was assessed for native, recombinant, and metagenomically derived alkaline proteases. Their stability and the effects of physicochemical parameters were studied in the presence of hexane. The native enzyme was comparatively more resistant against the organic solvents than the recombinant counterparts. On the other hand, the metagenomically derived alkaline protease was minimally resistant against solvents. A similar trend was apparent for the stability of enzyme in organic solvents. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that the majority of the studies on the solvent tolerance have focused on the mesophilic enzymes, while those from the haloalkaliphilic bacteria have received little attention. The comparative tolerance of the native, recombinant, and metagenomic alkaline proteases against the organic solvent has practical importance. The phylogenetic relatedness among the various protease sequences will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha K Purohit
- Department of Biosciences, UGC-CAS, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360 005, India
- Current Address: DNA Investigating Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dalip Singh Rathore
- Department of Biosciences, UGC-CAS, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360 005, India
| | - Gopi Koladiya
- Department of Biosciences, UGC-CAS, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360 005, India
| | | | - Satya P Singh
- Department of Biosciences, UGC-CAS, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360 005, India.
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Du YN, Li AT, Yan JN, Jiang XY, Wu HT. Inhibitory effect of coelomic fluid isolates on autolysis of minced muscle tissue from sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Goda DA, Bassiouny AR, Abdel Monem NM, Soliman NA, Abdel-Fattah YR. Feather protein lysate optimization and feather meal formation using YNDH protease with keratinolytic activity afterward enzyme partial purification and characterization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14543. [PMID: 34267231 PMCID: PMC8282803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Incubation parameters used for the creation of a protein lysate from enzymatically degraded waste feathers using crude keratinase produced by the Laceyella sacchari strain YNDH were optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM); amino acids quantification was also estimated. The optimization elevated the total protein to 2089.5 µg/ml through the application of the following optimal conditions: a time of 20.2 h, a feather concentration (conc.) of 3 g%, a keratinase activity of 24.5 U/100 ml, a pH of 10, and a cultivation temperature of 50 °C. The produced Feather Protein Lysate (FPL) was found to be enriched with essential and rare amino acids. Additionally, this YNDH enzyme group was partially purified, and some of its characteristics were studied. Crude enzymes were first concentrated with an Amicon Ultra 10-k centrifugal filter, and then concentrated proteins were applied to a "Q FF" strong anion column chromatography. The partially purified enzyme has an estimated molecular masses ranging from 6 to 10 kDa. The maximum enzyme activity was observed at 70 °C and for a pH of 10.4. Most characteristics of this protease/keratinase group were found to be nearly the same when the activity was measured with both casein and keratin-azure as substrates, suggesting that these three protein bands work together in order to degrade the keratin macromolecule. Interestingly, the keratinolytic activity of this group was not inhibited by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), or iron-caused activation, indicating the presence of a mixed serine-metallo enzyme type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa A Goda
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Burg El-Arab City, Universities and Research Institutes Zone, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad R Bassiouny
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nihad M Abdel Monem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nadia A Soliman
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Burg El-Arab City, Universities and Research Institutes Zone, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Yasser R Abdel-Fattah
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Burg El-Arab City, Universities and Research Institutes Zone, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
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7
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Sharma AK, Kikani BA, Singh SP. Biochemical, thermodynamic and structural characteristics of a biotechnologically compatible alkaline protease from a haloalkaliphilic, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei OK-18. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:680-696. [PMID: 32145232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This report describes purification strategies, biochemical properties and thermodynamic analysis of an alkaline serine protease from a marine actinomycete, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei strain OK-18. The solvent tolerance, broad thermal-pH stability, favourable kinetics and thermodynamics suggest stability of the enzymatic reaction. The enzyme was active in the range of pH 7-12 and 37-90 °C, optimally at pH 9 and 70 °C. The deactivation rate constant (Kd), half-life (t½), enthalpy (ΔH*), entropy (ΔS*), activation energy (E) and change in free energy (ΔG*) suggested stability and spontaneity of the reaction. β-Sheets as revealed by the Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, were the major elements in the secondary structure of the enzyme, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the presence of amide I and amide II. Based on the liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) analysis, the amino acid sequence had only 38% similarity with other proteases of Nocardiopsis strains, suggesting its novelty. The Ramachandran Plot revealed the location of the amino acid residues in the most favored region. The blood de-staining, gelatin hydrolysis, silver recovery and deproteinization of crab shells established the biotechnological potential of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Sharma
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavtosh A Kikani
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| | - Satya P Singh
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India.
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8
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Thaz CJ, Jayaraman G. Calcium ion induced thermodynamic stability, bisubstrate specificity, and differential organic solvent tolerance of a predominantly β-sheet serine protease from Bacillus aquimaris VITP4. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:955-961. [PMID: 31486109 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to get insights on the role of calcium ions on the thermodynamic stability, substrate specificity, and organic solvent compatibility of the extracellular protease produced by Bacillus aquimaris VITP4. Presence of Ca2+ enhanced the activity of the enzyme in the temperature range of 30-60 °C and increased the half-life from 164 to 234 Min. Circular dichroism experiments indicated that the temperature of half-denaturation (Tm ) of the protease increased from 76 to 86 °C. As judged by fluorescence emission profiles, the overall fold of the enzyme around the tryptophan residues could be similar. Further, thermal inactivation experiments revealed that the enzyme followed first order kinetics, with increase in energy for inactivation (Eai ) by 24.2 ± 1.2 kJ mol -1 in the presence of Ca2+ . Studies with synthetic peptides as well as with bovine serum albumin signified preferential hydrolysis of the peptide bonds at the C-terminus of alanine residues (with a kcat /KM of 141,400 M-1 Sec-1 ) and at the C-terminus of arginine residues with a lower specificity (72,400 M-1 Sec-1 ), indicating bisubstrate specificity of the enzyme. The enzyme was found to be compatible with organic solvents (50%, v/v) such as acetonitrile and butanol, indicating possible application under demanding nonaqueous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittoor Jabeena Thaz
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Gurunathan Jayaraman
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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9
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Yu P, Wang X, Huang X, Ren Q, Yan T. Purification and characterization of a propanol-tolerant neutral protease from Bacillus sp. ZG20. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:718-726. [PMID: 31050583 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1605526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A propanol-tolerant neutral protease was purified and characterized from Bacillus sp. ZG20 in this study. This protease was purified to homogeneity with a specific activity of 26,655 U/mg. The recovery rate and purification fold of the protease were 13.7% and 31.5, respectively. The SDS-PAGE results showed that the molecular weight of the protease was about 29 kDa. The optimal temperature and pH of the protease were 45 °C and 7.0, respectively. The protease exhibited a good thermal- and pH stability, and was tolerant to 50% propanol. Mg2+, Zn2+, K+, Na+ and Tween-80 could improve its activity. The calculated Km and Vmax values of the protease towards α-casein were 12.74 mg/mL and 28.57 µg/(min mL), respectively. This study lays a good foundation for the future use of the neutral protease from Bacillus sp. ZG20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- a College of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- a College of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Huang
- a College of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ren
- a College of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yan
- a College of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
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Nazari L, Mehrabi M. Purification and characterization of an extracellular thermotolerant alkaliphilic serine protease secreted from newly isolated Bacillus sp. DEM07 from a hot spring in Dehloran, Iran. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Yu P, Huang X, Ren Q, Wang X. Purification and characterization of a H2O2-tolerant alkaline protease from Bacillus sp. ZJ1502, a newly isolated strain from fermented bean curd. Food Chem 2019; 274:510-517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Sachdeva N, Mascolo C, Wattiez R, Leroy B. Embedding photosynthetic biorefineries with circular economies: Exploring the waste recycling potential of Arthrospira sp. to produce high quality by-products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 268:237-246. [PMID: 30081283 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted with the aim of embedding circular economies (waste recycling) with photosynthetic biorefineries, for production of commercially viable by-products. Since nitrogen source constitute the major input costs for commercial Arthrospira sp. production, the use of nitrogen rich wastewater for Arthrospira sp. cultivation could significantly reduce their production costs. This study evaluated the effects of high concentrations (8.5-120 mM) of alternative nitrogen sources (urea, ammonium and nitrite) on the biochemical, pigment and proteomic profile of Arthrospira sp., under batch and continuous conditions. Arthrospira sp. cells fed with urea were quantified with modified biochemical and proteomic profile compared to the nitrate fed cells. No inhibitory effect of urea was observed on the biomass even at 120 mM. Nitrite fed cells exhibited comparable biochemical and proteomic profiles as nitrate fed cells. These results clearly indicated at the possibility of using urea rich wastewater streams for profitable cultivation of Arthrospira sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sachdeva
- Department of Proteomic and Microbiology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Cyril Mascolo
- Department of Proteomic and Microbiology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Department of Proteomic and Microbiology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Leroy
- Department of Proteomic and Microbiology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium.
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Sachdeva N, Giambarresi G, Poughon L, Cabrera JC, Leroy B, Lasseur C, Dussap CG, Wattiez R. Assessment of transient effects of alternative nitrogen sources in continuous cultures of Arthrospira sp. using proteomic, modeling and biochemical tools. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 267:492-501. [PMID: 30041143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cyanobacterium Arthrospira sp. to assimilate waste nitrogen sources (ammonium and urea) makes it an important candidate for wastewater management. The aim of this work was to evaluate a cultivation approach based on continuous-transitional-feeding regime (nitrate-ammonium-nitrate) in a photobioreactor to assess the effects of ammonium salts on Arthrospira sp. PCC 8005 metabolism. Using a comprehensive biochemical, proteomic and stoichiometric profiling of biomass, this study demonstrated that the proposed cultivation approach could increase the proteins and pigments yields by 20-30%, compared to the respective yields obtained from wild-type Arthrospira sp. strain A light-energy-transfer model was used to predict the biomass and oxygen productivities of Arthrospira sp. cultivated under transitional-feeding regime. 95 ± 2% match was observed between the experimental and simulated productivities. This study thus opened new avenues for use of ammonium rich wastewater for commercial production of high value pigments, biofuel and bioplastics using Arthrospira sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sachdeva
- Department of Proteomic and Microbiology, Research Institute of Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Giambarresi
- Department of Proteomic and Microbiology, Research Institute of Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Laurent Poughon
- Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, 4 avenue Blaise Pascal, Aubière 63178, France
| | | | - Baptiste Leroy
- Department of Proteomic and Microbiology, Research Institute of Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | | | - Claude-Gilles Dussap
- Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, 4 avenue Blaise Pascal, Aubière 63178, France
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Department of Proteomic and Microbiology, Research Institute of Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium.
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Mokashe N, Chaudhari B, Patil U. Operative utility of salt-stable proteases of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria in the biotechnology sector. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:493-522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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15
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Nguyen TH, Nguyen VD. Characterization and Applications of Marine Microbial Enzymes in Biotechnology and Probiotics for Animal Health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2017; 80:37-74. [PMID: 28215328 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine microorganisms have been recognized as potential sources of novel enzymes because they are relatively more stable than the corresponding enzymes derived from plants and animals. Enzymes from marine microorganisms also differ from homologous enzymes in terrestrial microorganisms based on salinity, pressure, temperature, and lighting conditions. Marine microbial enzymes can be used in diverse industrial applications. This chapter will focus on the biotechnological applications of marine enzymes and also their use as a tool of marine probiotics to improve host digestion (food digestion, food absorption, and mucus utilization) and cleave molecular signals involved in quorum sensing in pathogens to control disease in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Nguyen
- Faculty of Food Technology, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Vietnam.
| | - V D Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Vietnam.
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Mechri S, Ben Elhoul Berrouina M, Omrane Benmrad M, Zaraî Jaouadi N, Rekik H, Moujehed E, Chebbi A, Sayadi S, Chamkha M, Bejar S, Jaouadi B. Characterization of a novel protease from Aeribacillus pallidus strain VP3 with potential biotechnological interest. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 94:221-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Rathod MG, Pathak AP. Optimized production, characterization and application of alkaline proteases from taxonomically assessed microbial isolates from Lonar soda lake, India. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Anbu P. Enhanced production and organic solvent stability of a protease from Brevibacillus laterosporus strain PAP04. Braz J Med Biol Res 2016; 49:e5178. [PMID: 27007657 PMCID: PMC4819413 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A bacterial strain (PAP04) isolated from cattle farm soil was shown to produce an extracellular, solvent-stable protease. Sequence analysis using 16S rRNA showed that this strain was highly homologous (99%) to Brevibacillus laterosporus. Growth conditions that optimize protease production in this strain were determined as maltose (carbon source), skim milk (nitrogen source), pH 7.0, 40°C temperature, and 48 h incubation. Overall, conditions were optimized to yield a 5.91-fold higher production of protease compared to standard conditions. Furthermore, the stability of the enzyme in organic solvents was assessed by incubation for 2 weeks in solutions containing 50% concentration of various organic solvents. The enzyme retained activity in all tested solvents except ethanol; however, the protease activity was stimulated in benzene (74%) followed by acetone (63%) and chloroform (54.8%). In addition, the plate assay and zymography results also confirmed the stability of the PAP04 protease in various organic solvents. The organic solvent stability of this protease at high (50%) concentrations of solvents makes it an alternative catalyst for peptide synthesis in non-aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Anbu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
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Purification and Characterization of a New Thermostable, Haloalkaline, Solvent Stable, and Detergent Compatible Serine Protease from Geobacillus toebii Strain LBT 77. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9178962. [PMID: 27069928 PMCID: PMC4812217 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9178962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A new thermostable, haloalkaline, solvent stable SDS-induced serine protease was purified and characterized from a thermophilic Geobacillus toebii LBT 77 newly isolated from a Tunisian hot spring. This study reveals the potential of the protease from Geobacillus toebii LBT 77 as an additive to detergent with spectacular proprieties described for the first time. The protease was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by Sephadex G-75 and DEAE-Cellulose chromatography. It was a monomeric enzyme with molecular weight of 30 kDa. The optimum pH, temperature, and NaCl for maximum protease activity were 13.0, 95°C, and 30%, respectively. Activity was stimulated by Ca(2+), Mg(2+), DTNB, β-mercaptoethanol, and SDS. The protease was extremely stable even at pH 13.25, 90°C, and 30% NaCl and in the presence of hydrophilic, hydrophobic solvents at high concentrations. The high compatibility with ionic, nonionic, and commercial detergents confirms the utility as an additive to cleaning products. Kinetic and thermodynamic characterization of protease revealed K m = 1 mg mL(-1), V max = 217.5 U mL(-1), K cat/K m = 99 mg mL(-1) S(-1), E a = 51.5 kJ mol(-1), and ΔG (⁎) = 56.5 kJ mol(-1).
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Ghafoori H, Askari M, Sarikhan S. Purification and characterization of an extracellular haloalkaline serine protease from the moderately halophilic bacterium, Bacillus iranensis (X5B). Extremophiles 2016; 20:115-23. [PMID: 26696418 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-015-0804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the purification and characterization of an extracellular haloalkaline serine protease from the moderately halophilic bacterium, Bacillus iranensis, strain X5B. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by acetone precipitation, ultrafiltration and carboxymethyl (CM) cation exchange chromatography, respectively. The purified protease was a monomeric enzyme with a relative molecular mass of 48-50 kDa and it was inhibited by PMSF indicating that it is a serine-protease. The optimum pH, temperature and NaCl concentration were 9.5, 35 °C and 0.98 M, respectively. The enzyme showed a significant tolerance to salt and alkaline pH. It retained approximately 50% of activity at 2.5 M NaCl and about 70% of activity at highly alkaline pH of 11.0; therefore, it was a moderately halophilic and also can be activated by metals, especially by Ca(2+). The specific activity of the purified protease was measured to be 425.23 μmol of tyrosine/min per mg of protein using casein as a substrate. The apparent K m and V max values were 0.126 mM and 0.523 mM/min, respectively and the accurate value of k cat was obtained as 3.284 × 10(-2) s(-1). These special and important characteristics make this serine protease as valuable tool for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sajjad Sarikhan
- Molecular bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Anandharaj M, Sivasankari B, Siddharthan N, Rani RP, Sivakumar S. Production, Purification, and Biochemical Characterization of Thermostable Metallo-Protease from Novel Bacillus alkalitelluris TWI3 Isolated from Tannery Waste. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 178:1666-86. [PMID: 26749296 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1974-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Protease enzymes in tannery industries have enormous applications. Seeking a potential candidate for efficient protease production has emerged in recent years. In our study, we sought to isolate proteolytic bacteria from tannery waste dumping site in Tamilnadu, India. Novel proteolytic Bacillus alkalitelluris TWI3 was isolated and tested for protease production. Maximum protease production was achieved using lactose and skim milk as a carbon and nitrogen source, respectively, and optimum growth temperature was found to be 40 °C at pH 8. Protease enzyme was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation method and anion exchange chromatography. Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) column chromatography and Sephadex G-100 chromatography yielded an overall 4.92-fold and 7.19-fold purification, respectively. The 42.6-kDa TWI3 protease was characterized as alkaline metallo-protease and stable up to 60 °C and pH 10. Ca(2+), Mn(2+), and Mg(2+) ions activated the protease, while Hg(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), and Fe(2+) greatly inhibited it. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) inhibited TWI3 protease and was activated by Ca(2+), which confirmed that TWI3 protease is a metallo-protease. Moreover, this protease is capable of dehairing goat skin and also removed several cloth stains, which makes it more suitable for various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marimuthu Anandharaj
- Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Gandhigram, 624302, Tamilnadu, India
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Balayogan Sivasankari
- Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Gandhigram, 624302, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Nagarajan Siddharthan
- Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Gandhigram, 624302, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rizwana Parveen Rani
- Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Gandhigram, 624302, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Subramaniyan Sivakumar
- Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Gandhigram, 624302, Tamilnadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamilnadu, India
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22
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Bouacem K, Bouanane-Darenfed A, Laribi-Habchi H, Elhoul MB, Hmida-Sayari A, Hacene H, Ollivier B, Fardeau ML, Jaouadi B, Bejar S. Biochemical characterization of a detergent-stable serine alkaline protease from Caldicoprobacter guelmensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:299-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kotlar C, Ponce A, Roura S. Characterization of a novel protease fromBacillus cereusand evaluation of an eco-friendly hydrolysis of a brewery byproduct. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Kotlar
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Juan B. Justo 4302 7600 Mar del Plata Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina
| | - Alejandra Ponce
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Juan B. Justo 4302 7600 Mar del Plata Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina
| | - Sara Roura
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Juan B. Justo 4302 7600 Mar del Plata Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina
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Ghovvati M, Khayati G, Attar H, Vaziri A. Comparison across growth kinetic models of alkaline protease production in batch and fed-batch fermentation using hybrid genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1077686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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25
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Production and Characterization of Alkaline Protease from a High Yielding and Moderately Halophilic Strain of SD11 Marine Bacteria. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/798304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A marine bacterium SD11, which was isolated from sea muds (Geziwo Qinhuangdao Sea area, China), was used to produce thermostable alkaline serine nonmetal protease in the skim milk agar plate medium with 10% NaCl. The optimal temperature about the manufacture of the extracellular protease was ~60°C. The crude enzyme was stable at 20–50°C. The activity was retained to 60% and 45% after heating for 1 h at 60 and 70°C, respectively. The protease was highly active in a wide pH scope (8.0–10.0) and maximum protease activity exhibited at pH 10.0. The activity was restrained by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) but mildly increased (~107%) in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), indicating that the production contains serine-protease(s) and nonmetal protease(s). Moreover, the crude alkaline protease was active with the 5 mM Ca2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Na+, and K+that existed separately. In addition, the protease showed superduper stability when exposed to an anionic surfactant (5 mM SDS), an oxidizing agent (1% H2O2), and several organic solvents (methanol, isopropanol, and acetone). These results suggest that the marine bacterium SD11 is significant in the industry from the prospects of its ability to produce thermally stable alkaline protease.
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26
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Extracellular Proteases from Halophilic and Haloalkaliphilic Bacteria: Occurrence and Biochemical Properties. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND BIODIVERSITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14595-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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27
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Gohel S, Singh S. Thermodynamics of a Ca2+-dependent highly thermostable alkaline protease from a haloalkliphilic actinomycete. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:421-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Antimicrobial and Biocatalytic Potential of Haloalkaliphilic Actinobacteria. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND BIODIVERSITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14595-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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29
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Zargari S, Ramezani A, Ostvar S, Rezaei R, Niazi A, Ayatollahi S. Isolation and characterization of gram-positive biosurfactant-producing halothermophilic bacilli from Iranian petroleum reservoirs. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7:e10981. [PMID: 25485045 PMCID: PMC4255207 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.10981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Petroleum reservoirs have long been known as the hosts of extremophilic microorganisms. Some of these microorganisms are known for their potential biotechnological applications, particularly production of extra and intracellular polymers and enzymes. Objectives: Here, 14 petroleum liquid samples from southern Iranian oil reservoirs were screened for presence of biosurfactant‐producing halothermophiles. Materials and Methods: Mixture of the reservoir fluid samples with a minimal growth medium was incubated under an N2 atmosphere in 40°C; 0.5 mL samples were transferred from the aqueous phase to agar plates after 72 hours of incubation; 100 mL cell cultures were prepared using the MSS-1 (mineral salt solution 1) liquid medium with 5% (w/v) NaCl. The time-course samples were analyzed by recording the absorbance at 600 nm using a spectrophotometer. Incubation was carried out in 40°C with mild shaking in aerobic conditions. Thermotolerance was evaluated by growing the isolates at 40, 50, 60 and 70°C with varying NaCl concentrations of 5% and 10% (w/v). Halotolerance was evaluated using NaCl concentrations of 5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% (w/v) and incubating them at 40°C under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Different phenotypic characteristics were evaluated, as outlined in Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology. Comparing 16S rDNA sequences is one of the most powerful tools for classification of microorganisms. Results: Among 34 isolates, 10 demonstrated biosurfactant production and growth at temperatures between 40°C and 70°C in saline media containing 5%‐15% w/v NaCl. Using partial 16S rDNA sequencing (and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis [ARDRA]) and biochemical tests (API tests 20E and 50 CHB), all the 10 isolates proved to be facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive moderate thermohalophiles of the genus Bacillus (B. thermoglucosidasius, B. thermodenitrificans, B. thermoleovorans, B. stearothermophilus and B. licheniformis), exhibiting surface-active behaviors. Conclusions: General patterns include decreasing the thermotolerance with increasing the salt concentrations and also more halotolerance in the aerobic environment compared with anaerobic conditions. The results demonstrated that Iranian petroleum reservoirs enjoy a source of indigenous extremophilic microorganisms with potential applications in microbial enhanced oil recovery and commercial enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Zargari
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Colorado, USA
| | - Amin Ramezani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Sassan Ostvar
- School of Chemical, Oregon State University, Corvallis Oregon, USA
| | - Rasool Rezaei
- Biotechnology Institute, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Ali Niazi
- Biotechnology Institute, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Ali Niazi, Biotechnology Institute, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7116138125, Fax: +98- 7112272805, E-mail:
| | - Shahab Ayatollahi
- Enhanced Oil Recovery Research Center, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR Iran
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30
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Zhao B, Yan Y, Chen S. How could haloalkaliphilic microorganisms contribute to biotechnology? Can J Microbiol 2014; 60:717-27. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Haloalkaliphiles are microorganisms requiring Na+concentrations of at least 0.5 mol·L–1and an alkaline pH of 9 for optimal growth. Their unique features enable them to make significant contributions to a wide array of biotechnological applications. Organic compatible solutes produced by haloalkaliphiles, such as ectoine and glycine betaine, are correlated with osmoadaptation and may serve as stabilizers of intracellular proteins, salt antagonists, osmoprotectants, and dermatological moisturizers. Haloalkaliphiles are an important source of secondary metabolites like rhodopsin, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and exopolysaccharides that play essential roles in biogeocycling organic compounds. These microorganisms also can secrete unique exoenzymes, including proteases, amylases, and cellulases, that are highly active and stable in extreme haloalkaline conditions and can be used for the production of laundry detergent. Furthermore, the unique metabolic pathways of haloalkaliphiles can be applied in the biodegradation and (or) biotransformation of a broad range of toxic industrial pollutants and heavy metals, in wastewater treatment, and in the biofuel industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baisuo Zhao
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanchun Yan
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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31
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Purification and Characterization of an Extracellular Cold-Active Protease Produced by the Psychrotrophic Bacterium serratia Sp. WJ39. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.618.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteases have diverse applications in a wide variety of industries, such as in detergent, leather, food, pharmaceutical and silk. The extracellular cold-active protease was purified from the psychrotrophic bacteriumSerratiasp. WJ39 from a meat factory. The protease was cold-active with a molecular mass of 47.6 kDa estimated on SDS-PAGE. It showed an optimal activity at pH of 8 and was stable at pH 6 to 10, while its optimal temperature was 37°C and it was stable at 0-25°C, even remained 35% residual activity at 0°C. The protease was totally inhibited by PMSF which was telling that the purified enzyme was a serine protease. The properties like moderate thermostability, activity in a broad pH range and resistance to metal ions make this enzyme a suitable candidate for the possible use in food and leather industry.
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32
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Purification and biochemical characterization of halophilic, alkalithermophilic protease AbCP from Alkalibacillus sp. NM-Fa4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Raval VH, Pillai S, Rawal CM, Singh SP. Biochemical and structural characterization of a detergent-stable serine alkaline protease from seawater haloalkaliphilic bacteria. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Cloning, heterologous expression and structural characterization of an alkaline serine protease from sea water haloalkaliphilic bacterium. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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35
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Statistical analysis of production of protease and esterase by a newly isolated Lysinibacillus fusiformis AU01: purification and application of protease in sub-culturing cell lines. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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36
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Wang D, Zheng ZY, Feng J, Zhan XB, Zhang LM, Wu JR, Lin CC. A high salt tolerant neutral protease from Aspergillus Oryzae: Purification, characterization and kinetic properties. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683813040170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Gohel S, Singh S. Characteristics and thermodynamics of a thermostable protease from a salt-tolerant alkaliphilic actinomycete. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 56:20-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Rajeswari VD, Jayaraman G, Sridharan T. Purification and Characterization of Extracellular Protease from Halotolerant Bacterium Virgibacillus dokdonensis VITP14. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ajb.2012.123.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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39
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Purification strategies, characteristics and thermodynamic analysis of a highly thermostable alkaline protease from a salt-tolerant alkaliphilic actinomycete, Nocardiopsis alba OK-5. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 889-890:61-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Dasu VV, Sen S, Dutta K, Mandal B. Characterization of a Novel Surfactant and Organic Solvent Stable High-alkaline Protease from New Bacillus pseudofirmus SVB1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2011.769.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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41
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Purohit MK, Singh SP. Comparative analysis of enzymatic stability and amino acid sequences of thermostable alkaline proteases from two haloalkaliphilic bacteria isolated from Coastal region of Gujarat, India. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:103-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Purification and partial characterization of a detergent and oxidizing agent stable alkaline protease from a newly isolated Bacillus subtilis VSG-4 of tropical soil. J Microbiol 2011; 49:455-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-011-0427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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43
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Karan R, Khare SK. Purification and characterization of a solvent-stable protease from Geomicrobium sp. EMB2. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2010; 31:1061-1072. [PMID: 20718288 DOI: 10.1080/09593331003674556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium, Geomicrobium sp. EMB2, was isolated from the Sambhar Salt Lake located in the western part of India. It secreted an alkaline protease, which was stable and active in the presence of a wide range of organic solvents. The protease was purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Phenyl Sepharose 6 Fast Flow matrix, and a 22.6-fold purification with 51.2% recovery was attained. The apparent molecular mass was estimated to be 38 kDa. The enzyme was stable in the pH range 6.0-12.0, the optimum being 10.0. The Km and Vmax towards casein were found to be 0.10 mM and 526 U/min, respectively. The protease was most active at 50 degrees C. It appeared to be serine type, owing to its sensitivity to phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride (PMSF). It withstood a range of detergents and surfactants, and exhibited remarkable stability in the presence of solvents having a log P >2. The presence of NaCl or osmolytes exerted a protective effect and further enhanced the stability of the enzyme. These properties make this novel protease potentially useful for catalysis in non-aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Karan
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology - Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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44
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ESPÃSITO T, AMARAL I, MARCUSCHI M, CARVALHO JR L, BEZERRA R. SURFACTANTS- AND OXIDANTS-RESISTANT ALKALINE PROTEASES FROM COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO L) PROCESSING WASTE. J Food Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Haddar A, Agrebi R, Bougatef A, Hmidet N, Sellami-Kamoun A, Nasri M. Two detergent stable alkaline serine-proteases from Bacillus mojavensis A21: purification, characterization and potential application as a laundry detergent additive. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:3366-3373. [PMID: 19269812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 01/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two detergent stable alkaline serine-proteases (BM1 and BM2) from Bacillus mojavensis A21 were purified. The molecular weights of BM1 and BM2 enzymes determined by SDS-PAGE were approximately 29,00 Da and 15,50 Da, respectively. The optimum pH values of BM1 and BM2 proteases were shown to be 8.0-10.0 and 10.0, respectively. Both enzymes exhibited maximal activity at 60 degrees C, using casein as a substrate. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of BM1 and BM2 proteases were AQSVPYGISQIKA and AIPDQAATTLL, respectively. Both proteases showed high stability towards non-ionic surfactants. The enzymes were found to be relatively stable towards oxidizing agents. In addition, both enzymes showed excellent stability and compatibility with a wide range of commercial liquid and solid detergents. These properties and the high activity in high alkaline pH make these proteases an ideal choice for application in detergent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Haddar
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie -Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Thumar J, Singh SP. Two-step purification of a highly thermostable alkaline protease from salt-tolerant alkaliphilic Streptomyces clavuligerus strain Mit-1. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 854:198-203. [PMID: 17499566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Revised: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An alkaline protease from a salt-tolerant alkaliphilic Streptomyces clavuligerus was purified to homogeneity by 141-fold with a yield of 12% using two-step method of salt precipitation and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose. The apparent molecular mass was 49+/-2 kDa and the enzyme appeared as monomer based on SDS and Native-PAGE. The temperature optimum was 70 degrees C with significant stability at 60-80 degrees C for more than 60 min. The enzyme was active over the pH range of 8.5-11, with an optimum at 10-11. The serine nature of the protease was confirmed by PMSF inhibition. The enzyme was highly resistant against chemical denaturation and displayed varied effects towards metal ions. The results are significant as extremozymes are difficult to purify and therefore, a two-step purification of alkaline protease from relatively less explored group of actinomycetes is quite appealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jignasha Thumar
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360005, Gujarat, India
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