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Alshahrani MM, Ur Rehman K, Zaman U, Alissa M, Alghamdi SA, Hajri AK, Alanazi AN, Mahmoud HMA, Abdelrahman EA, Alsuwat MA. Divalent metal ion in the active site of purple acid phosphatase modulates substrate binding: Kinetic and thermodynamic properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134026. [PMID: 39048014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The purple acid phosphatase was purified from 5.9-fold to apparent homogeneity from Anagelis arvensis seeds using SP-Sephadex C-50 and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. The results of residual activity tests conducted using different temperature ranges (50-70 °C) were calculated as the activation energy (Ed = 72 kJ/mol), enthalpy (69.31 ≤ (ΔH° ≤ 69.10 kJ/mol), entropy (-122.48 ≤ ΔS° ≤ -121.13 J/mol·K), and Gibbs free energy (108.87 ≤ ΔG° ≤ 111.25 kJ/mol) of the enzyme irreversible denaturation. These thermodynamic parameters indicate that this novel PAP is highly thermostable and may be significant for use in industrial applications. However, it may be confirmed by stopped-flow measurements that this substitution produces a chromophoric Fe3+ site and a Pi-substrate interaction that is about ten times faster. Additionally, these data show that phenyl phosphate hydrolysis proceeds more rapidly in metal form of A. arvensis PAP than the creation of a μ-1,3 phosphate complex. The Fe3+ site in the native Fe3+-Mn2+ derivative interacts with it at a faster rate than in the Fe3+-Fe2+ form. This is most likely caused by a network of hydrogen bonds between the first and second coordination spheres. This suggests that the choice of metal ions plays a significant role in regulating the activity of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Merae Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil Ur Rehman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, KPK, Pakistan.
| | - Umber Zaman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suad A Alghamdi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira K Hajri
- Department of Chemistry, Alwajh College, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal N Alanazi
- Department of Chemistry, Khafji University College, University of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - HassabAlla M A Mahmoud
- Department of Physics, Applied College, King Khalid University, Muhayil 61913, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab A Abdelrahman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Meshari A Alsuwat
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
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Gahatraj I, Roy R, Phukan BC, Kumar D, Pandey P, Kumar S, Borah A. Isolation, identification, and molecular characterization of potential keratinolytic fungus sp. from Southern Assam: relevance to poultry wastes and its biological management. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:99. [PMID: 38351393 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Feather waste is a highly prevalent form of keratinous waste that is generated by the poultry industry. The global daily production of feather waste has been shown to approach 5 million tons, typically being disposed of through methods such as dumping, landfilling, or incineration which contribute significantly to environmental pollutions. The proper management of these keratinous wastes is crucial to avoid environmental contamination. The study was carried out to isolate the keratinolytic fungi from the poultry disposal sites of different region of North-East India to evaluate its potential in bioremediation of the feathers wastes. Out of 12 fungal strains isolated from the sites, the fungus showing the highest zone of hydrolysis on both the skim milk and keratin agar medium was selected for the study and the molecular identification of the isolate was performed through DNA sequence analysis by amplifying the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The sequence results showed higher similarity (above 95%) with Aspergillus spp. and was named Aspergillus sp. Iro-1. The strain was further analyzed for its feather degrading potential which was performed in submerged conditions under optimized conditions. The study showed that the strain could effectively degrade the feathers validated through weight loss method, and the structural deformations in the feathers were visualized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Aspergillus sp. Iro-1 was obtained from the southern region of Assam. It would be of great importance as the implementation of this sp. can help in the bioremediation of feathers wastes in this region. This is the first study of identification of feather degrading fungus from southern part of Assam (Barak).
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Gahatraj
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
| | - Rubina Roy
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | | | - Diwakar Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
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Khlebodarova TM, Bogacheva NV, Zadorozhny AV, Bryanskaya AV, Vasilieva AR, Chesnokov DO, Pavlova EI, Peltek SE. Komagataella phaffii as a Platform for Heterologous Expression of Enzymes Used for Industry. Microorganisms 2024; 12:346. [PMID: 38399750 PMCID: PMC10892927 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the 1980s, Escherichia coli was the preferred host for heterologous protein expression owing to its capacity for rapid growth in complex media; well-studied genetics; rapid and direct transformation with foreign DNA; and easily scalable fermentation. Despite the relative ease of use of E. coli for achieving the high expression of many recombinant proteins, for some proteins, e.g., membrane proteins or proteins of eukaryotic origin, this approach can be rather ineffective. Another microorganism long-used and popular as an expression system is baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In spite of a number of obvious advantages of these yeasts as host cells, there are some limitations on their use as expression systems, for example, inefficient secretion, misfolding, hyperglycosylation, and aberrant proteolytic processing of proteins. Over the past decade, nontraditional yeast species have been adapted to the role of alternative hosts for the production of recombinant proteins, e.g., Komagataella phaffii, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. These yeast species' several physiological characteristics (that are different from those of S. cerevisiae), such as faster growth on cheap carbon sources and higher secretion capacity, make them practical alternative hosts for biotechnological purposes. Currently, the K. phaffii-based expression system is one of the most popular for the production of heterologous proteins. Along with the low secretion of endogenous proteins, K. phaffii efficiently produces and secretes heterologous proteins in high yields, thereby reducing the cost of purifying the latter. This review will discuss practical approaches and technological solutions for the efficient expression of recombinant proteins in K. phaffii, mainly based on the example of enzymes used for the feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M. Khlebodarova
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Bogacheva
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Zadorozhny
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alla V. Bryanskaya
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Asya R. Vasilieva
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Danil O. Chesnokov
- Sector of Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.O.C.); (E.I.P.)
| | - Elena I. Pavlova
- Sector of Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.O.C.); (E.I.P.)
| | - Sergey E. Peltek
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Salehi M. Evaluating the industrial potential of naturally occurring proteases: A focus on kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127782. [PMID: 37926323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, such as enthalpy, entropy, and free energy, are crucial in evaluating enzyme stability and activity. These parameters, including the free energy of activation (ΔG#) and the Gibbs free energy of inactivation (ΔG*), are important for predicting energy requirements and reaction rates. However, relying solely on these parameters is insufficient in selecting an enzyme for industrial processes. Numerous studies have explored the measurement of thermodynamic parameters for proteases. Unfortunately, some of the definitions and calculations of key parameters such as ΔG#, ΔG*, and substrate-binding free energy have contained significant errors. In this study, these mistakes have been addressed and corrected. Additionally, a new parameter called δ, defined as the difference between ΔG* and ΔG#, has been introduced for the first time. It is argued that δ provides a more reliable measure for predicting the potential industrial application of enzymes. The highest calculated value for δ was found to be 39.6 kJ·mol-1 at 55 °C. Furthermore, this study also presents a comprehensive collection and determination of all thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for proteases, providing researchers and professionals in the field with a valuable resource to compare and understand the relationships between these parameters and the industrial potential of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Salehi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Engineering, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.
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5
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Amaral YMS, de Castro RJS. Chicken viscera meal as substrate for the simultaneous production of antioxidant compounds and proteases by Aspergillus oryzae. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:1777-1790. [PMID: 37919523 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of chicken waste can contribute to the development of new processes and obtaining molecules with high added value. An experimental design was applied to evaluate the effect of moisture, temperature, and inoculum size on the production of antioxidant peptides and proteases by A. oryzae IOC3999 through solid-state fermentation (SSF) of chicken viscera meal. As a result, the process conditions strongly influenced protease production and antioxidant activity of the fermented products. A global analysis of the results indicated that the most adequate conditions for SSF were (assay 9): 40% initial moisture, 30 °C as the incubation temperature, 5.05 × 106 spores/g as the inoculum size, and 48-h fermentation as the fermentation time. Under this condition, the antioxidant activities for the ABTS- and DPPH-radicals inhibition and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods were 376.16, 153.29, and 300.47 (µmol TE/g), respectively, and the protease production reached 428.22 U/g. Ultrafiltration of the crude extract obtained under optimized fermentation conditions was performed, and the fraction containing peptides with molecular mass lower than 3 kDa showed the highest antioxidant activity. The proteases were biochemically characterized and showed maximal activity at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 6.0 and a temperature of 50 °C. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the process of thermal protease inactivation is not spontaneous (ΔG*d > 88.78 kJ/mol), increasing with temperature (ΔH*d 27.01-26.88 kJ/mol), and with reduced disorder in the system (ΔS*d < - 197.74 kJ/mol) probably caused by agglomeration of partially denatured enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Matheus Silva Amaral
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ruann Janser Soares de Castro
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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6
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Wieczorek D, Gendaszewska D, Miśkiewicz K, Słubik A, Ławińska K. Biotransformation of protein-rich waste by Yarrowia lipolytica IPS21 to high-value products-amino acid supernatants. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0274923. [PMID: 37707427 PMCID: PMC10581069 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02749-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The yeast strain Yarrowia lipolytica IPS 21 was tested for its ability to degrade potentially toxic chrome-tanned leather shavings (CTLS) in a liquid environment. Biological and chemical parameters were monitored during a 48-h period of biotransformation of the protein-rich waste. CTLS was added at a concentration of 0.1-4% (wt/wt) to a modified YPG medium (15 g L-1 yeast extract and 5 g L-1 NaCl). Biodegradation and bioconversion were performed in a one-step process. It was found that the higher degradation rate depended on the activity of the proteases and the pH of the medium, but not on the initial inoculum ratio and the activity of the dehydrogenase. The highest efficiency of the process was obtained for 4% (wt/wt) CTLS on day 2 (degradation rate 58-67%, biomass production 2.11-2.20 g L-1, protease activity 312 U mg-1 protein, and pH 9.20). Our results showed that total chromium was probably not transported across the cytoplasmic membrane of Y. lipolytica IPS21 and that chromium (III) was not oxidized to chromium (VI). The phytotoxicity of selected amino acid supernatants [2.5% (vol/vol)] was tested after the bioconversion process. It was found that the supernatants had a stimulating effect on the plants tested. The root elongation was 29-28% higher than that of the reference samples. This result makes Y. lipolytica IPS21 a potential candidate for safely converting potentially toxic protein-rich wastes into valuable products without enzyme isolation, e.g., amino acid fertilizers. IMPORTANCE Enzyme technologies have the greatest practical relevance to environmental trends. Overcoming the barrier of the high cost of carbon substrates used for biotransformation is the main challenge of these methods. The huge potential of the use of extracellular proteases of Yarrowia species or amino acids in various industries indicates the need for the extension of basic research on waste as a carbon source for this yeast. The experiments demonstrated that it is possible to use Y. lipolytica IPS21 for bioconversion of chrome-tanned leather shavings (CTLS) in a single-step process and to produce high-value amino acid supernatant without having an isolated enzyme. In our study, we show the effect of 2.5% (vol/vol) CTLS supernatant obtained from Y. lipolytica IPS21 on the elongation of the root system of selected plants and provide information on the effect of environmental factors on the efficiency of the bioconversion and the migration of chromium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wieczorek
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Lodz Institute of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | - Anna Słubik
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Lodz Institute of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ławińska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Lodz Institute of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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7
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Wehaidy HR, Abdel-Naby MA, Kholif AMM, Elaaser M, Bahgaat WK, Wahab WAA. The catalytic and kinetic characterization of Bacillus subtilis MK775302 milk clotting enzyme: comparison with calf rennet as a coagulant in white soft cheese manufacture. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:61. [PMID: 37195386 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00513-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calf rennet is considered the traditional source of milk clotting enzyme (MCE). However, increasing cheese consumption with decreasing the calf rennet supply had encouraged the quest for new rennet alternatives. The purpose of this study is to acquire more information about the catalytic and kinetic properties of partially purified Bacillus subtilis MK775302 MCE and to assess the role of enzyme in cheese manufacture. RESULTS B. subtilis MK775302 MCE was partially purified by 50% acetone precipitation with 5.6-fold purification. The optimum temperature and pH of the partially purified MCE were 70 °C and 5.0, respectively. The activation energy was calculated as 47.7 kJ/mol. The calculated Km and Vmax values were 36 mg/ml and 833 U/ml, respectively. The enzyme retained full activity at NaCl concentration of 2%. Compared to the commercial calf rennet, the ultra-filtrated white soft cheese produced from the partially purified B. subtilis MK775302 MCE exhibited higher total acidity, higher volatile fatty acids, and improved sensorial properties. CONCLUSIONS The partially purified MCE obtained in this study is a promising milk coagulant that can replace calf rennet at a commercial scale to produce better-quality cheese with improved texture and flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala R Wehaidy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Abdel-Naby
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Adel M M Kholif
- Dairy Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Elaaser
- Dairy Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wafaa K Bahgaat
- Dairy Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Abdel Wahab
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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8
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Zaman U, Khan SU, Alem SFM, Rehman KU, Almehizia AA, Naglah AM, Al-Wasidi AS, Refat MS, Saeed S, Zaki MEA. Purification and thermodynamic characterization of acid protease with novel properties from Melilotus indicus leaves. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123217. [PMID: 36634806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A thermostable acid protease from M. indicus leaves was purified 10-fold using a 4-step protocol. We were able to isolate a purified protease fraction with a molecular weight of 50 kDa and exhibited maximal protease activity at pH 4.0 and 40 °C. Structural analysis revealed that the protease is monomeric and non-glycosylated. The addition of epoxy monocarboxylic acid, iodoacetic acid, and dimethyl sulfoxide significantly reduced protease activity while dramatically increasing the inhibition of Mn2+, Fe2+, and Cu2+. The activation energy of the hydrolysis reaction (33.33 kJ mol-1) and activation energy (Ed = 105 kJ mol-1), the standard enthalpy variation of reversible protease unfolding (2.58 kJ/mol) were calculated after activity measurements at various temperatures. Thermal inactivation of the pure enzyme followed first-order kinetics. The half-life (t1/2) of the pure enzyme at 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C was 385, 231, and 154 min, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters (entropy and enthalpy) suggested that the protease was highly thermostable. This is the first report on the thermodynamic parameters of proteases produced by M. indicus. The novel protease appears to be particularly thermostable and may be important for industrial applications based on these thermodynamic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umber Zaman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University KPK, Pakistan; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | | | - Khalil Ur Rehman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan.
| | - Abdulrahman A Almehizia
- Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Naglah
- Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma S Al-Wasidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen S Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumbul Saeed
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Magdi E A Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
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Mechri S, Allala F, Bouacem K, Hasnaoui I, Gwaithan H, Chalbi TB, Saalaoui E, Asehraou A, Noiriel A, Abousalham A, Hacene H, Bouanane-Darenfed A, Le Roes-Hill M, Jaouadi B. Preparation, characterization, immobilization, and molecular docking analysis of a novel detergent-stable subtilisin-like serine protease from Streptomyces mutabilis strain TN-X30. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1326-1342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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10
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Purification and Characterization of the Protease from Staphylococcus xylosus A2 Isolated from Harbin Dry Sausages. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081094. [PMID: 35454681 PMCID: PMC9027162 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The protease generated from Staphylococcus (S.) xylosus A2, which was isolated from Harbin dry sausages, was purified and characterized. The molecular weight of the purified protease was approximately 21.5 kDa, and its relative activity reached the highest at pH 6.0 and 50 °C. At pH 4.0−8.0 and temperatures of 20−50 °C, the protease was stable. Its activity was significantly improved by Ca2+ and Zn2+ ions (p < 0.05). The Michaelis constant and maximum velocity of the protease were 2.94 mg/mL and 19.45 U/mL·min, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters analysis suggested that the protease showed better catalytic properties at 40 °C. Moreover, the protease could hydrolyze meat proteins, and obtained hydrolysate is non-cytotoxic to the HEK-293 cells. These findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the enzymatic characterization of S. xylosus A2 protease and its future application in fermented meat products.
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Mechri S, Bouacem K, Chalbi T, Khaled M, Allala F, Bouanane‐Darenfed A, Hacene H, Jaouadi B. A Taguchi design approach for the enhancement of a
detergent‐biocompatible
alkaline thermostable protease production by
Streptomyces mutabilis
strain
TN‐X30. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sondes Mechri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS) University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Khelifa Bouacem
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences (FSB) University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) Bab Ezzouar Algiers Algeria
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Agricultural Sciences (FBAS) University Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi‐Ouzou (UMMTO) Tizi‐Ouzou Algeria
| | - Taha‐Bilel Chalbi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS) University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Marwa Khaled
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS) University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Fawzi Allala
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences (FSB) University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) Bab Ezzouar Algiers Algeria
| | - Amel Bouanane‐Darenfed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences (FSB) University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) Bab Ezzouar Algiers Algeria
| | - Hocine Hacene
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences (FSB) University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) Bab Ezzouar Algiers Algeria
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS) University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
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Dantas CP, Pinchemel JPD, Jesus GMDE, Pimentel MB, Oliveira OMC, Queiroz AFS, Lima DF. Bioprospection of ligninolytic enzymes from marine origin filamentous fungi. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20210296. [PMID: 34586183 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are excellent producers of extracellular enzymes. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the screening of marine fungi, which are laccase and manganese peroxidase potential producers, in solid fermentation for future applications in bioremediation processes of contaminated sites. For this purpose, two-level factorial planning was adopted, using time (6 and 15 days) and the absence or presence of oil (0 and 1%) as factors. The semi-quantitative evaluation was carried out by calculating radial growth, enzyme activity and enzyme index by measuring phenol red or syringaldazine oxidation halo. The results showed that all the studied strains showed a positive result for manganese peroxidase production, with an enzymatic activity in solid medium less than 0.61, indicating a strongly positive activity. Through the enzyme index, the study also showed prominence for Penicillium sp. strains, with values > 2. The enzyme index increase in oil presence and the inexpressive use of the genera studied for ligninolytic enzymes production from crude oil demonstrated these data importance for fermentative processes optimization. Considering the ability of these strains to develop into recalcitrant compounds and the potential for manganese peroxidase production, they are indicated for exploitation in various bioremediation technologies, as well as other biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila P Dantas
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Ondina, 40170-110 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - João Pedro D Pinchemel
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Ondina, 40170-110 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Gisele M DE Jesus
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Ondina, 40170-110 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Milena B Pimentel
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Ondina, 40170-110 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Olívia Maria C Oliveira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Ondina, 40170-110 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Antônio Fernando S Queiroz
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Ondina, 40170-110 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Danusia F Lima
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Ondina, 40170-110 Salvador, BA, Brazil
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13
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Duarte Neto JMW, Silva JDC, Sousa F, Gonçalves OSL, Wanderley MCDA, Sarmento B, Lima CDA, Neves-Petersen MT, Porto ALF. Structural and functional analysis of broad pH and thermal stable protease from Penicillium aurantiogriseum URM 4622. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:578-589. [PMID: 34533419 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1972429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to better characterize a recently purified stable extracellular alkaline peptidase produced by Penicillium aurantiogriseum (URM 4622) through fluorescence spectroscopy, far-UV circular dichroism, kinetic and thermodynamic models to understand its' structure-activity and denaturation. Fluorescence data showed that changing pH leads to tryptophan residues exposure to more hydrophilic environments at optimum activity pH 9.0 and 10.0. When thermally treated, it displayed less unfolding at these pH values, along with 4-fold less photoproducts formation than at neutral pH. Different pH CD spectra showed more β-sheet (21.5-43.0%) than α-helix (1-6.2%). At pH9.0, more than 2-fold higher α-helix content than any other pH. The melting temperature (Tm) was observed between 50 and 60 °C at all pH studied, with lower Tm at pH 9.0-11.0 (54.9-50.3 °C). The protease displayed two phase transition, with two energies of denaturation, and a 4-fold higher thermal stability (ΔH°m) than reports for other microorganism's proteases. An irreversible folding transition occurs between 50 and 60 °C. It displayed energies of denaturation suggesting higher thermal stability than reported for other microorganism's proteases. These results help elucidating the applicability of this new stable protease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Flávia Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Teresa Neves-Petersen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg Ø, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Department of Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
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14
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Use of a Sequential Fermentation Method for the Production of Aspergillus tamarii URM4634 Protease and a Kinetic/Thermodynamic Study of the Enzyme. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial proteases are commonly produced by submerged (SmF) or solid-state fermentation (SSF), whose combination results in an unconventional method, called sequential fermentation (SF), which has already been used only to produce cellulolytic enzymes. In this context, the aim of the present study was the development of a novel SF method for protease production using wheat bran as a substrate. Moreover, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of azocasein hydrolysis were estimated, thus providing a greater understanding of the catalytic reaction. In SF, an approximately 9-fold increase in protease activity was observed compared to the conventional SmF method. Optimization of glucose concentration and medium volume by statistical means allowed us to achieve a maximum protease activity of 180.17 U mL−1. The obtained enzyme had an optimum pH and temperature of 7.0 and 50 °C, respectively. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters highlighted that such a neutral protease is satisfactorily thermostable at 50 °C, a temperature commonly used in many applications in the food industry. The results obtained suggested not only that SF could be a promising alternative to produce proteases, but also that it could be adapted to produce several other enzymes.
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15
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Effective bioconversion of feather-waste Keratin by Thermo-Surfactant Stable Alkaline Keratinase produced from Aspergillus sp. DHE7 with promising biotechnological application in detergent formulations. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Detergent stable thiol-dependant alkaline protease produced from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus ochraceus BT21: Purification and kinetics. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Wang H, Liu J, Chen Q, Kong B, Sun F. Biochemical properties of extracellular protease from Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from Harbin dry sausages and its hydrolysis of meat protein. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Xylooligosaccharides production by crude and partially purified xylanase from Aureobasidium pullulans: Biochemical and thermodynamic properties of the enzymes and their application in xylan hydrolysis. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Wang H, Wang Q, Xia X, Sun F, Kong B. Biochemical properties of extracellular protease from Staphylococcus carnosus RT6 isolated from Harbin dry sausages, and its hydrolysis of meat proteins. J Food Sci 2021; 86:1642-1655. [PMID: 33928645 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of the extracellular protease, produced by Staphylococcus carnosus RT6 isolated from Harbin dry sausages, and its hydrolysis of meat proteins were investigated. The protease was purified by ammonium sulfate, ion exchange, and gel filtration chromatography to obtain a 20.0 kDa extracellular protease. The protease reached maximal activity at pH 9.0 and 50 °C and was stable at pH 7.0 to 11.0 and 20 to 40 °C. Its protease activity was easily inhibited in the presence of Zn2+ , Fe2+ , and Fe3+ . The enzymatic characterization of the protease revealed a Vmax 49.50 U/ml·min, Km 8.19 mg/ml, and the half-life = 28.06 min, ΔH* d = 114.11 kJ/mol, ΔG* d = 89.24 kJ/mol, and ΔS* d = 77.00 J/mol·K at 50 °C. In addition, the protease hydrolyzed meat protein into small particles and produced soluble peptides. This study provides a basis for understanding the biochemical characteristics of the S. carnosus RT6 protease and its future application for fermented meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiufang Xia
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fangda Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Baohua Kong
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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20
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Ahmadi S, Salehi M, Ausi S. Kinetic and thermodynamic study of aspartic protease extracted from Withania coagulans. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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21
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Retracted: Production, biochemical characterization, and kinetic/thermodynamic study of novel serine protease from Aspergillus avenaceus URM 6706. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3091. [PMID: 33064362 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
"Production, biochemical characterization, and kinetic/thermodynamic study of novel serine protease from Aspergillus avenaceus URM 6706" (by da Silva A, et al.) Bio. Tech. Prog.; https://aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/btpr.3091 The above listed article, from Biotechnology Progress, published online in Early View on October 16, 2020 in Wiley Online Library (http://wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal's Editor-in-Chief, John A. Morgan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The retraction has been agreed because the article was not accepted for publication by the Journal and subsequently published in error as an Early View article. The editorial team of this journal takes full responsibility and apologizes for the technical error that resulted in this article appearing in Early View.
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22
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Zaman U, Naz R, Khattak NS, Rehman KU, Saeed A, Farooq M, Sahar J, Iqbal A. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of novel acid phosphates extracted from Cichorium intybus seedlings. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 168:195-204. [PMID: 33309659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein for the first time a novel acid phosphatase from the seedlings of Cichorium intybus was purified to homogeneity by using various chromatographic techniques (salt precipitation, ion exchange, size exclusion and affinity chromatography) and thermodynamically characterized. The molecular mass of purified enzyme (66 kDa) was determined by SDS-PAGE under denaturing and non-denaturing conditions and by gel-filtration confirmed as dimer of molecular mass 130 kDa. The Michaelis-Menten (Km) constant for -p-NPP (0.3 mM) and (7.6 μmol/min/mg) Vmax. The enzyme was competitively inhibited by phosphate, molybdate and vanadate. Phenyl phosphate, ɑ and β-glycero-phosphate and-p-NPP were found to be good substrate. When temperature increased from (55 °C to 75 °C), the deactivation rate constant (kd) was increased (0.1 to 4.6 min-1) and half- life was decreased from 630 min to 15 min. Various thermal denaturation parameters; change in enthalpy (ΔH°), change in entropy (ΔS°) and change in free energy (ΔG°) were found 121.93 KJ·mol-1, 72.45 KJ·mol-1 and 98.08 KJ·mol-1 respectively, confirming that acid phosphatase undergoes a significant process of unfolding during deactivation. The biochemical properties of acid phosphatase from C. intybus on the behalf of biological activity and its relationship to pH variations, thermal deactivation and kinetics parameters provide an insight into its novel features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umber Zaman
- Institute of Chemical Science, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Rubina Naz
- Institute of Chemical Science, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Noor Saeed Khattak
- Center for Materials Science, Islamia College University, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Khalil Ur Rehman
- Institute of Chemical Science, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Asma Saeed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Juma Sahar
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Iqbal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Lakki Marwat, KPK, Pakistan
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23
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Zaman U, Naz R, Khattak NS, Ur Rehman K, Iqbal A, Ahmad S, Shah LA. Investigating the thermodynamic and kinetics properties of acid phosphatase extracted and purified from seedlings of Chenopodium murale. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1475-1481. [PMID: 33058972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein acid phosphatase isoenzyme was extracted from the C. murale seedlings. The purification was accomplished by chromatographic techniques and passing through DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column. The specific activity of acid phosphatase 5.75 U/mg of protein was obtained with 66 purification fold 15.8% yield and molecular mass was 29 kDa with very faint bands corresponding to 18 kDa and 14 kDa. The maximal activity at pH 5.0 and 50 °C best illustrated by first order kinetics. When temperature was raised (55 °C to 75 °C), the deactivation rate constant was increased from 0.001 to 0.014 min-1, while half-life was decreased from 693 to 49 min-1. The results of activity collected at different temperature were then used to estimate, activation energy of hydrolysis reaction (Ea = 47.59 kJmol-1). A high Z-value (18.86 °C min-1) was obtained indicating a less sensitivity towards temperatures. The residual activity examinations were carried out from 55 °C to 75 °C and assessing the Deactivation Energy (Ed 116.39 kJmol-1), Enthalpy change (ΔH° 113.55kJmol-1), Entropy change (ΔS° 110.33kJmol-1) and change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG° 10.02 kJmol-1). Taken together, thermodynamic parameters confirm the high stability of enzyme and show potential commercial applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umber Zaman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Rubina Naz
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Noor Saeed Khattak
- Center for Materials Science, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Khalil Ur Rehman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Iqbal
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Safeer Ahmad
- Center for Materials Science, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Luqman Ali Shah
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
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24
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Chauhan JV, Mathukiya RP, Singh SP, Gohel SD. Two steps purification, biochemical characterization, thermodynamics and structure elucidation of thermostable alkaline serine protease from Nocardiopsis alba strain OM-5. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:39-50. [PMID: 33316342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Nocardiopsis alba strain OM-5 showed maximum protease production in submerged culture. The OM-5 protease was purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The purified protease of 68 kDa showed maximum activity (3312 ± 1.64 U/mL) at 70 °C and was quite stable at 80 °C up to 4 M NaCl (w/v) at pH 9. The purified protease showed significant activity and stability in different cations, denaturing agents, metal ions, and osmolytes. The thermodynamic parameters including deactivation rate constant (Kd) and half lives (t1/2) at 50-80 °C were in the range of 2.50 × 10-3 to 5.50 × 10-3 and 277.25-111.25 min respectively at 0-4 M NaCl. The structural stability of the OM-5 protease under various harsh conditions was elucidated by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy followed by K2D3 analysis revealed that the native structure of OM-5 protease was stable even in sodium dodecyl sulfate and Tween 20 indicated by increased α-helices content assisted with decreased β-sheets content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagruti V Chauhan
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
| | - Riddhi P Mathukiya
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
| | - Satya P Singh
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
| | - Sangeeta D Gohel
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India.
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25
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Biochemical and thermodynamic characteristics of a new serine protease from Mucor subtilissimus URM 4133. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:e00552. [PMID: 33294402 PMCID: PMC7683317 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A protease from the fungus Mucor subtilissimus URM 4133, capable of producing bioactive peptides from goat casein, was purified. SDS-PAGE and zymography showed a molecular mass of 30 kDa. The enzyme was active and stable in a wide pH range (6.0–10.5) and (5.0–10.5), respectively. Optimum temperature was at 45–50 °C and stability was above 80 % (40 °C/2 h). Activity was not influenced by ions or organic substances (Triton, Tween, SDS and DMSO), but was completely inhibited by PMSF, suggesting that it belongs to the serine protease family. The Km and Vmax were 2.35 mg azocasein.mL-1 and 333.33 U.mg protein-1, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters of irreversible denaturation (40–60 °C) were enthalpy 123.63 – 123.46 kJ.mol-1, entropy 120.24–122.28 kJ.mol-1 and Gibbs free energy 85.97 – 82.45 kJ.mol-1. Any peptide sequences compatible with this protease were found after analysis by MALDI-TOF, which suggests that it is a new serine protease.
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26
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Fernandes LMG, Carneiro-da-Cunha MN, Silva JDC, Porto ALF, Porto TS. Purification and characterization of a novel Aspergillus heteromorphus URM 0269 protease extracted by aqueous two-phase systems PEG/citrate. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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27
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Abdel-Naby MA, El-Wafa WMA, Salem GEM. Molecular characterization, catalytic, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of protease produced by a mutant of Bacillus cereus-S6-3. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:695-702. [PMID: 32485254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The proteolytic strain Bacillus cereus-S6-3 was subjected to mutagenic treatments viz. UV irradiations and methyl methane sulfonate (MMS). The obtained mutant strain, B. cereus-S6-3/UM90 showed 1.34 fold over the parent strain. Molecular characterization of proteases from the parent (PP/S6-3) and mutant (PM/UM90) strains indicated that they were consisted of two domains and binds a zinc ion and 4 calcium ions in the active site. Amino acid sequence alignment of PM/UM90 protease showed 19 amino acid residues were substituted compared to that of the wild-type enzyme. However, both proteases contained equal number of aromatic and hydrophobic amino acids. Protease from PM/UM90 showed an effective improvement in thermal properties in terms of reaction temperature, t1/2, the values of kd, activation energy (Ea), and decimal reduction time (D) within the temperature range from 60 to 80 °C. In addition, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for substrate hydrolysis (i.e., Km, Vmax, ΔH*, ΔG*, ΔS*, kcat, Vmax/Km, kcat/Km, ΔG*E-T and ΔG*E-S) showed a significant improvement of the catalytic efficiency for PM/UM90 protease. Furthermore, the correlation between thermodynamic properties and the patterns of amino acid substitution of wild-type enzyme to has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdel-Naby
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
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28
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Zaman U, Naz R, Rehman KU, Saeed Khattak N, Ahmad S, Iqbal A, Jan SU. Investigating the Impact of Various Parameters On the Activity of Acid Phosphatases from Seedlings of Coronopus didymus. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3201-3210. [PMID: 32551656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The thermal stability of purified acid phosphatase from the germinating seedlings of Coronopus didymus (Jangli halon) was investigated by studying the impact of various thermodynamic parameters [t1/2, Ed, ΔH° (enthalpy change), ΔG° (free energy change), and ΔS° (entropy change)] of heat treatment in the temperature range of 55-75 °C. The thermal denaturation of acid phosphatase, assessed by loss in activity, was evidently followed by first-order kinetics, which varies with time and yield during the process of denaturation. The half-life of the enzyme was 693 min at 55 °C. The Ed (activation energy of denaturation) was calculated by the Arrhenius plot (30 kcal mol-1), and the Z-value was 17.3 °C. The various thermodynamic parameters studied were as follows: ΔH°, the change in enthalpy of inactivation, was 121.93 kJ mol-1 at 55 °C; ΔG°, the change in free energy of inactivation, was 110.65 kJ mol-1 at 55 °C; and ΔS°, the change in entropy of inactivation, was 34.39 J mol-1 k-1 at 55 °C. This suggests that acid phosphatase activity is thermostable to long heat treatment up to 60 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umber Zaman
- Department of Chemistry, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Rubina Naz
- Department of Chemistry, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Khalil Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Noor Saeed Khattak
- Centre for Materials Science, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Safeer Ahmad
- Centre for Materials Science, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ullah Jan
- Centre for Materials Science, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
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29
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Melikishvili S, Dizon M, Hianik T. Application of high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy for real-time monitoring of trypsin activity in β-casein solution. Food Chem 2020; 337:127759. [PMID: 32777568 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy (HR-US) was applied for real-time monitoring of β-casein hydrolysis by trypsin at various conditions for the first time. The technique is based on the precision measurement of hydration changes proportional to the number of peptide bond hydrolyzed. As HR-US exhibits ultrasonic transparency for most solution, the analysis did not require optical transparency like for 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) assay. Appropriate enzymatic models were fitted with degree of hydrolysis (dh) profiles to provide kinetic and mechanistic description of proteolysis in terms of initial hydrolysis rate, r0, and rate constant of hydrolysis, kh, and enzyme inactivation, kd. Maximal r0 and dh were obtained at 45 °C and pH 8. The exponential dependence of kinetic parameters allowed determination of the activation (EA = 50.3 ± 7 kJ/mol) and deactivation (ED = 62.23 ± 3 kJ/mol) energies of hydrolysis. The ultrasonic assay provided rapid detection of trypsin activity even at sub-nanomolar concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopio Melikishvili
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mark Dizon
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College of Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tibor Hianik
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Valorization of feather via the microbial production of multi-applicable keratinolytic enzyme. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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31
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Tarrahimofrad H, Meimandipour A, Arjmand S, Beigi Nassiri M, Jahangirian E, Tavana H, Zamani J, Rahimnahal S, Aminzadeh S. Structural and biochemical characterization of a novel thermophilic Coh01147 protease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234958. [PMID: 32574185 PMCID: PMC7310833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases play an essential role in living organisms and represent one of the largest groups of industrial enzymes. The aim of this work was recombinant production and characterization of a newly identified thermostable protease 1147 from thermophilum indigenous Cohnella sp. A01. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that protease 1147 is closely related to the cysteine proteases from DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily, with the conserved catalytic tetrad. Structural prediction using MODELLER 9v7 indicated that protease 1147 has an overall α/β sandwich tertiary structure. The gene of protease 1147 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21. The recombinant protease 1147 appeared as a homogenous band of 18 kDa in SDS-PAGE, which was verified by western blot and zymography. The recombinant protein was purified with a yield of approximately 88% in a single step using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Furthermore, a rapid one-step thermal shock procedure was successfully implemented to purify the protein with a yield of 73%. Using casein as the substrate, Km, and kcat, kcat/Km values of 13.72 mM, 3.143 × 10−3 (s-1), and 0.381 (M-1 S-1) were obtained, respectively. The maximum protease activity was detected at pH = 7 and 60°C with the inactivation rate constant (kin) of 2.10 × 10–3 (m-1), and half-life (t1/2) of 330.07 min. Protease 1147 exhibited excellent stability to organic solvent, metal ions, and 1% SDS. The protease activity was significantly enhanced by Tween 20 and Tween 80 and suppressed by cysteine protease specific inhibitors. Docking results and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation revealed that Tween 20 interacted with protease 1147 via hydrogen bonds and made the structure more stable. CD and fluorescence spectra indicated structural changes taking place at 100°C, very basic and acidic pH, and in the presence of Tween 20. These properties make this newly characterized protease a potential candidate for various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Tarrahimofrad
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University Khouzestan, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Amir Meimandipour
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Arjmand
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadtaghi Beigi Nassiri
- Department of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University Khouzestan, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Jahangirian
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States of America
| | - Javad Zamani
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Rahimnahal
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University Khouzestan, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Aminzadeh
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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Prolo T, Izidoro SC, de Lima VA, Maia GAR, Knob A. Adding value to a recalcitrant and problematic waste: the use of dog hair for fungal keratinolytic protease production. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1746770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thaiane Prolo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midwest State University, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Vanderlei Aparecido de Lima
- Department of Chemical, Federal Technological University of Paraná. Via do Conhecimento, Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Knob
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midwest State University, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
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Sharma AK, Kikani BA, Singh SP. Biochemical, thermodynamic and structural characteristics of a biotechnologically compatible alkaline protease from a haloalkaliphilic, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei OK-18. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:680-696. [PMID: 32145232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This report describes purification strategies, biochemical properties and thermodynamic analysis of an alkaline serine protease from a marine actinomycete, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei strain OK-18. The solvent tolerance, broad thermal-pH stability, favourable kinetics and thermodynamics suggest stability of the enzymatic reaction. The enzyme was active in the range of pH 7-12 and 37-90 °C, optimally at pH 9 and 70 °C. The deactivation rate constant (Kd), half-life (t½), enthalpy (ΔH*), entropy (ΔS*), activation energy (E) and change in free energy (ΔG*) suggested stability and spontaneity of the reaction. β-Sheets as revealed by the Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, were the major elements in the secondary structure of the enzyme, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the presence of amide I and amide II. Based on the liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) analysis, the amino acid sequence had only 38% similarity with other proteases of Nocardiopsis strains, suggesting its novelty. The Ramachandran Plot revealed the location of the amino acid residues in the most favored region. The blood de-staining, gelatin hydrolysis, silver recovery and deproteinization of crab shells established the biotechnological potential of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Sharma
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavtosh A Kikani
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| | - Satya P Singh
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India.
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Ademakinwa AN, Agboola FK. Some biochemical, catalytic, thermodynamic and kinetic properties of purified fructosyltransferase from wild and improved mutant-typeAureobasidium pullulansNAC8. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2019.1671376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adedeji N. Ademakinwa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria
| | - Femi K. Agboola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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35
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Ademakinwa AN, Agboola FK. Kinetic and thermodynamic investigations of cell-wall degrading enzymes produced by Aureobasidium pullulans via induction with orange peels: application in lycopene extraction. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:949-960. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1650375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adedeji Nelson Ademakinwa
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Femi Kayode Agboola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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36
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Lizardi-Jiménez MA, Ricardo-Díaz J, Quiñones-Muñoz TA, Hernández-Rosas F, Hernández-Martínez R. Fungal strain selection for protease production by solid-state fermentation using agro-industrial waste as substrates. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00814-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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37
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Santos JHPM, Carretero G, Ventura SPM, Converti A, Rangel-Yagui CO. PEGylation as an efficient tool to enhance cytochrome c thermostability: a kinetic and thermodynamic study. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00590k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PEGylation of cytochrome-c preserves activity and increases thermal stability, favoring the protein application as a biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- João H. P. M. Santos
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Gustavo Carretero
- Department of Biochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of São Paulo
- 05508-000 São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Sónia P. M. Ventura
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Attilio Converti
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Pole of Chemical Engineering
- Genoa University
- 16145 Genoa
- Italy
| | - Carlota O. Rangel-Yagui
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology
- University of São Paulo
- 05508-000 São Paulo
- Brazil
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38
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Kinetic and thermodynamic characterization of a novel Aspergillus aculeatus URM4953 polygalacturonase. Comparison of free and calcium alginate-immobilized enzyme. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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39
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Silva OSD, Alves RO, Porto TS. PEG-sodium citrate aqueous two-phase systems to in situ recovery of protease from Aspergillus tamarii URM4634 by extractive fermentation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Kumar M, Brar A, Vivekanand V, Pareek N. Process optimization, purification and characterization of a novel acidic, thermostable chitinase from Humicola grisea. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:931-938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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41
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Thermodynamics of a Ca2+ dependent, highly thermostable and detergent compatible purified alkaline serine protease from Nocardiopsis xinjiangensis strain OM-6. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:565-574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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da Silva OS, de Almeida EM, de Melo AHF, Porto TS. Purification and characterization of a novel extracellular serine-protease with collagenolytic activity from Aspergillus tamarii URM4634. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:1081-1088. [PMID: 29870814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular serine-protease from Aspergillus tamarii URM4634 was purified and characterized. The possibility of using Aspergillus tamarii URM4634 protease in detergent formulations and collagenolytic activity was investigated. The protease demonstrated excellent stability at pH range 7.0-11.0, the optimum being at pH 9.0. The enzyme was stable at 40 °C for 180 min, enhanced by Mg++ and Ca++, but inhibited by Zn++, and strongly inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), suggested as serine-protease. The azocasein substrate result showed Km = 0.434 mg/mL and Vmax = 7.739 mg/mL/min. SDS-PAGE and azocasein zymography showed that the purified alkaline protease (2983.8 U/mg) had a molecular mass of 49.3 kDa. The enzyme was purified by column chromatography using Sephadex A50 resin. The proteolytic activity was activated by SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), Tween-80, Tween 20 and Triton-100. This study demonstrated that A. tamarii URM4634 protease has potent, stable and compatible collagenolytic activity to the desired level in local laundry detergent brands compared with similar enzymes produced by solid-state fermentation. This protease can thus be chosen as an option in both the food industry to tenderization meat and the detergent industry to washing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmar Soares da Silva
- Northeast Biotechnology Network/RENORBIO, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco/UFRPE, Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Elizane Melo de Almeida
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns/UAG, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco/UFRPE, Av. Bom Pastor, s/n, Boa Vista, 55296-901 Garanhuns, PE, Brazil
| | - Allan Henrique Félix de Melo
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns/UAG, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco/UFRPE, Av. Bom Pastor, s/n, Boa Vista, 55296-901 Garanhuns, PE, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Souza Porto
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns/UAG, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco/UFRPE, Av. Bom Pastor, s/n, Boa Vista, 55296-901 Garanhuns, PE, Brazil.
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43
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Iqbal A, Hakim A, Hossain MS, Rahman MR, Islam K, Azim MF, Ahmed J, Assaduzzaman M, Hoq MM, Azad AK. Partial purification and characterization of serine protease produced through fermentation of organic municipal solid wastes by Serratia marcescens A3 and Pseudomonas putida A2. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018; 16:29-37. [PMID: 30647701 PMCID: PMC6296650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic bacteria isolated from municipal solid wastes (MSW) were identified as Serratia marcescens A3 and Pseudomonas putida A2 based on 16S rDNA sequencing. Protease produced through fermentation of organic MSW by these bacteria under some optimized physicochemical parameters was partially purified and characterized. The estimated molecular mass of the partially purified protease from S. marcescens and P. putida was approximately 25 and 38 kDa, respectively. Protease from both sources showed low Km 0.3 and 0.5 mg ml-1 and high Vmax 333 and 500 µmole min-1 at 40 °C, and thermodynamics analysis suggested formation of ordered enzyme-substrate (E-S) complexes. The activation energy (Ea) and temperature quotient (Q10) of protease from S. marcescens and P. putida were 16.2 and 19.9 kJ/mol, and 1.4 and 1.3 at temperature range from 20 to 40 °C, respectively. Protease of the both bacterial isolates was serine and cysteine type. The protease retained approximately 97% of activity in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. It was observed that the purified protease of S. marcescens could remove blood stains from white cotton cloth and degrade chicken flesh remarkably. Our study revealed that organic MSW can be used as raw materials for bacterial protease production and the protease produced by S. marcescens A3 might be potential for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Iqbal
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Al Hakim
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saddam Hossain
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rejaur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Faisal Azim
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Jahed Ahmed
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Assaduzzaman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mozammel Hoq
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
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de Sena AR, Campos Leite TC, Evaristo da Silva Nascimento TC, Silva ACD, Souza CS, Vaz AFDM, Moreira KA, de Assis SA. Kinetic, thermodynamic parameters and in vitro digestion of tannase from Aspergillus tamarii URM 7115. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2018.1452201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Reges de Sena
- Microbiology Laboratory, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pernambuco, Barreiros, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Tonny Cley Campos Leite
- Microbiology Laboratory, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pernambuco, Barreiros, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Anna Carolina da Silva
- Central Laboratory of Garanhuns, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Catiane S. Souza
- Laboratory of Enzymology, Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Keila Aparecida Moreira
- Central Laboratory of Garanhuns, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Sandra Aparecida de Assis
- Laboratory of Enzymology, Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
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45
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Soares da Silva O, Lira de Oliveira R, de Carvalho Silva J, Converti A, Souza Porto T. Thermodynamic investigation of an alkaline protease from Aspergillus tamarii URM4634: A comparative approach between crude extract and purified enzyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 109:1039-1044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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46
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Wehaidy HR, Abdel-Naby MA, Shousha WG, Elmallah MIY, Shawky MM. Improving the catalytic, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of Bacillus subtilis KU710517 milk clotting enzyme via conjugation with polyethylene glycol. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:296-301. [PMID: 29309864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Milk clotting enzyme (MCE) produced by Bacillus subtilis KU710517 was conjugated to several activated polysaccharides. Among all the conjugates, the enzyme conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) exhibited the highest retained activity (551U/mg protein) with a recovered activity of 95.3%. The activation energy of PEG-conjugated enzyme was calculated as 24.56kJ·mol-1which was lower than that of the native one (29.27kJ·mol-1) however, the temperature quotient (Q10) was about 1.08 for the two forms of the enzyme. The calculated half-life times of PEG-conjugated enzyme at 55 and 60°C were 317.78 and 128.6min respectively, whereas at the same temperatures the native enzyme had lower half-life times (53 and 19.6min respectively). The data of thermodynamic analysis for substrate catalysis including the specificity constant (Vmax/Km), turnover number (kcat), catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km), enthalpy of activation (ΔH*), free energy of activation (ΔG*), free energy for transition state formation ΔG*E-T and free energy of substrate binding ΔG*E-S were determined for both native and PEG-conjugated enzyme. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters for irreversible inactivation (ΔH, ΔG, ΔS) were evaluated. The calculated results indicated that the catalytic properties after the PEG-conjugation were significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Refaat Wehaidy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Abdel-Naby
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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47
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Abdel-Naby MA, El-Refai HA, Ibrahim MHA. Structural characterization, catalytic, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of Keratinase from Bacillus pumilus FH9. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:973-980. [PMID: 28743569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus pumilus FH9 keratinase was purified to homogeneity with a 59.9% yield through a series of three steps. The purified enzyme was a monomeric protein with a molecular mass around 50kDa and containing 7.3% carbohydrates. The pure B. pumilus FH9 keratinase was optimally active at pH 9.0 and 60°C. The calculated activation energy for keratin hydrolysis was 24.52kJmol-1 and its temperature quotient (Q10) was 1.19. The calculated values of thermodynamic parameters for keratin hydrolysis were as follows: ΔH*=21.75kJmol-1, ΔG*=65.86kJmol-1 ΔS*=-132.46Jmol-1K-1, (ΔG*E-S)=4.74kJmol-1 and ΔG*E-T=-11.254kJmol-1. The pure keratinase exhibited Km, Vmax, kcat and kcat/Km of 5.55mg/ml keratin, 5882Umgprotein-1 323.54s-1 and 58.28 (s-1/mgml-1). The calculated half-life time at 50, 60, 70 and 80°C was 90.69, 59.1, 16.62 and 9.48min, respectively. Similarly, the thermodynamic parameters for irreversible thermal inactivation at temperature ranging from 50 to 80°C were determined. The pure enzyme was stimulated by Ca2+ and Mg2+. However, Zn2+, EDTA, Co2+ and Hg2+ significantly inhibited the enzyme activity. The purified enzyme was able to hydrolyze different substrates showing its higher proteolytic activity on casein, bovine serum albumin, and collagen, followed by feather, horn and wool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdel-Naby
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center, 12311, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Heba A El-Refai
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center, 12311, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad H A Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center, 12311, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Franco DG, Spalanzani RN, Lima EE, Marchetti CR, Silva PO, Masui DC, Giannesi GC, Zanoelo FF. Biochemical properties of a serine protease from Aspergillus flavus and application in dehairing. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1322584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Guerra Franco
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms, CCBS – Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Regiane Nogueira Spalanzani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms, CCBS – Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Emmly Ernesto Lima
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms, CCBS – Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Clarice Rossato Marchetti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms, CCBS – Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Oliveira Silva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms, CCBS – Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Douglas Chodi Masui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms, CCBS – Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Giovana Cristina Giannesi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms, CCBS – Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Fonseca Zanoelo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microorganisms, CCBS – Federal University of Mato Grosso of Sul/UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
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Mechri S, Ben Elhoul Berrouina M, Omrane Benmrad M, Zaraî Jaouadi N, Rekik H, Moujehed E, Chebbi A, Sayadi S, Chamkha M, Bejar S, Jaouadi B. Characterization of a novel protease from Aeribacillus pallidus strain VP3 with potential biotechnological interest. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 94:221-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Catalytic, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of stabilized Bacillus stearothermophilus alkaline protease. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 96:265-271. [PMID: 27899299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus stearothermophilus alkaline protease was conjugated to several oxidized polysaccharides of different chemical structure. The conjugates were evaluated for the kinetic and thermodynamic stability. The conjugated enzyme with oxidized pectin had the highest retained activity (79.5%) and the highest half-life (T1/2) at 50°C and pH 9.0. Compared to the native protease, the conjugated preparation exhibited lower activation energy (Ea), lower deactivation constant rate (kd), higher T1/2, and higher D values (decimal reduction time) within the temperature range of 50-60°C. The thermodynamic parameters for irreversible inactivation of native and conjugated protease indicated that conjugation significantly decreased entropy (ΔS*) and enthalpy (ΔH*) of deactivation. The calculated value of activation energy for thermal denaturation (Ead) for the conjugated enzyme was 20.4KJmole-1 higher over the native one. The results of thermodynamic analysis for substrate hydrolysis indicated that the enthalpy of activation (ΔH*) and free energy of activation (free energy of substrate binding) ΔG*E-S and (ΔG*), (free energy of transition state) ΔG*E-T values were lower for the modified protease. Similarly, there was significant improvement of kcat, kcat/Km values. The enzyme proved to be metalloprotease and significantly stimulated by Ca2+ and Mg2+ whereas Hg2+, Fe3+ Cu2+ and Zn2+ inhibited the enzyme activity. There was no pronounced effect on substrate specificity after conjugation.
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