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Wulandari AP, Awis VPD, Budiono R, Kusmoro J, Hidayat SS, Masruchin N, Lubis MAR, Fatriasari W, Rachmawati U. Tensile Strength Improvements of Ramie Fiber Threads through Combination of Citric Acid and Sodium Hypophosphite Cross-Linking. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4758. [PMID: 37445071 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) is believed to be one of the strongest natural fibers, but it still remains behind synthetic materials in terms of tensile strength. In this study, ramie materials were prepared to evaluate the modification crosslinking effect of natural fiber. The aim is to optimize various concentrations of citric acid (CA) crosslinking by adding Sodium hypophosphite (NaPO2H2), which is activated at different temperatures, to obtain the highest tensile mechanical strength. This crosslinking effect has been confirmed by FTIR to show the esterification process in the molecular structure of cellulose. The changes in the character of the fiber surface were analyzed by SEM. The tensile strength increased from 62.33 MPa for 0% CA to 124-172.86 MPa for decorticated fiber with a CA concentration of 0.75-1.875% (w/w). A significant increase in tensile strength was observed more than 19 times when CA/SHP 1% was treated at an activation temperature of 110 °C with a superior tensile strength of 1290.63. The fiber crosslinked with CA/SHP should be recommended for application of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite (NFRPC), which has the potential to use in functional textile and industrial sector automotive or construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asri Peni Wulandari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Center for Study of Bioprospection of Natural Fiber and Bioresources, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Vira Putri Dinda Awis
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ruly Budiono
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Center for Study of Bioprospection of Natural Fiber and Bioresources, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Joko Kusmoro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Center for Study of Bioprospection of Natural Fiber and Bioresources, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Sidiq Syamsul Hidayat
- Program for Study of Telecommunications Engineering, Electrical Engineering Major, Faculty of Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Nanang Masruchin
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproduct, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | | | - Widya Fatriasari
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproduct, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Ulyaa Rachmawati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Kamarudin SH, Mohd Basri MS, Rayung M, Abu F, Ahmad S, Norizan MN, Osman S, Sarifuddin N, Desa MSZM, Abdullah UH, Mohamed Amin Tawakkal IS, Abdullah LC. A Review on Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites (NFRPC) for Sustainable Industrial Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173698. [PMID: 36080773 PMCID: PMC9460194 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The depletion of petroleum-based resources and the adverse environmental problems, such as pollution, have stimulated considerable interest in the development of environmentally sustainable materials, which are composed of natural fiber–reinforced polymer composites. These materials could be tailored for a broad range of sustainable industrial applications with new surface functionalities. However, there are several challenges and drawbacks, such as composites processing production and fiber/matrix adhesion, that need to be addressed and overcome. This review could provide an overview of the technological challenges, processing techniques, characterization, properties, and potential applications of NFRPC for sustainable industrial applications. Interestingly, a roadmap for NFRPC to move into Industry 4.0 was highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Hasnah Kamarudin
- Department of Ecotechnology, School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM Shah Alam, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.); (M.N.N.)
| | - Mohd Salahuddin Mohd Basri
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marwah Rayung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Falah Abu
- Department of Ecotechnology, School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM Shah Alam, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
- Smart Manufacturing Research Institute (SMRI), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - So’bah Ahmad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM Shah Alam, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nurazzi Norizan
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.); (M.N.N.)
| | - Syaiful Osman
- Department of Ecotechnology, School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM Shah Alam, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norshahida Sarifuddin
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shaiful Zaidi Mat Desa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology and Process, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ummi Hani Abdullah
- Department of Wood and Fiber Industries, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Study on Mechanical Properties of Banana Fiber-Reinforced Materials Poly (Lactic Acid) Composites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8485038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic materials reinforced with natural fibers are attracting great attention of scientists and researchers. Sustainability and eco-friendly nature along with easy availability and low cost are the key reasons. In this work, a natural fiber such as a banana fiber was investigated to create bioavailable materials while enhancing mechanical properties. The banana fiber was extracted from banana sheath by the mechanical method combined with chemical treatment with NaOH 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%. Treatment of the banana fiber with NaOH effectively removes other impurities from the fiber surface and the fiber surface becomes rough, increasing the compatibility and bonding between banana fiber and PLA. The reported optimum NaOH concentration was 5% banana fiber used for the material polylactic acid (PLA) composite/banana fiber. The composites (BF) were prepared by the hot melt mixing method. The results showed that 20% by weight of banana fiber gave good results and the mechanical strength values kept at the specified level (tensile strength: 52.57 MPa, flexural strength: 70.35 MPa, impact strength: 155.45 J/m and hardness: 23.8 Hv). SEM observations showed visual evidence that surface impurities were removed from the fiber by NaOH treatment.
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Oladele IO, Ogunwande GS, Taiwo AS, Lephuthing SS. Development and characterization of moringa oleifera fruit waste pod derived particulate cellulosic reinforced epoxy bio-composites for structural applications. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09755. [PMID: 35789874 PMCID: PMC9249830 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Plastic/Natural Fiber Composite Based on Recycled Expanded Polystyrene Foam Waste. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112241. [PMID: 35683913 PMCID: PMC9182670 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel reinforced recycled expanded polystyrene (r-EPS) foam/natural fiber composite was successfully developed. EPS was recycled by means of the dissolution method using an accessible commercial mixed organic solvent, while natural fibers, i.e., coconut husk fiber (coir) and banana stem fiber (BSF) were used as reinforcement materials. The treatment of natural fibers with 5% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution reduces the number of –OH groups and non-cellulose components in the fibers, more so with longer treatments. The natural fibers treated for 6 h showed rough surfaces that provided good adhesion and interlocking with the polymer matrix for mechanical reinforcement. The tensile strength and impact strength of r-EPS foam composites with treated fibers were higher than for non-filled r-EPS foam, whereas their flexural strengths were lower. Thus, this study has demonstrated an alternative way to produce recycled polymer/natural fiber composites via the dissolution method, with promising enhanced mechanical properties.
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Mechanical properties evaluation of banana fibre reinforced polymer Composites: A review. ACTA INNOVATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.32933/actainnovations.42.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In today's fast-developing world, the use of composite materials is closely related to environmental pollution, renewable and biodegradable resources. A researcher is looking for environmentally friendly materials. Natural and synthetic fibres come in a wide range of shapes and sizes. Natural fibres include jute, straw wheat, rice husk banana fibre, pineapple leaf fibre, cotton, Sisal, Coir, Oats, and Bagasse. Every year, 13.5 tonnes of banana fibre are produced in India. Teabags, paper, and polymer composite reinforcement are just a few of the applications for banana fibre. This article focuses on the manufacture of banana fibre with epoxy and a variety of other natural fibres. By combining banana fibre with some current technology, waste will be reduced, and energy efficiency will be increased, all while supporting sustainability. Banana fibres are covered in this work, along with their uses, applications, and mechanical qualities, as well as how banana fibre might improve mechanical properties.
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Dąbrowska A. Plant-Oil-Based Fibre Composites for Boat Hulls. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051699. [PMID: 35268927 PMCID: PMC8911051 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant-oil-based fibre composites for boat hulls are an interesting and growing group of materials. Although many problems are to be tackled at different stages of their preparation, the green composites are already successfully commercialised. Within this paper, the most important chemical and physical characteristics of both natural fibres and sustainable resins are provided in the form of a comprehensive review. Finally, the complex issue of interactions filler-matrix is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dąbrowska
- Laboratory of Spectroscopy of Intermolecular Interactions, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101 St., 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
The present environmental condition indicates the immediate need for sustainable materials containing mainly natural elements for composite fabrication. Encouragement of natural fibers in composite materials can significantly reduce the greenhouse effect and the high cost of manufacturing synthetic fiber-based polymer composites. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the physio-mechanical properties of banana fiber (BF) fiber -based epoxy (EP) composites filled with walnut shell powder (WNP). Fabrication was carried out by mixing and cold pressing with fixed BF proportion and varying percentages of WNP (0%, 5%, 10%, 15 wt. %). The results obtained in the study suggest the mechanical properties of the BF/EP composite were enhanced with the addition of WNP as a filler. This is because the WNP filler occupies the spaces in the composite, which bridge the gaps between the banana fibers and the epoxy matrix; also, the inclusion of walnut powder in the BF/EP composites greatly enhanced their wear resistance. The microstructural properties of the composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
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Thermal and Flame Retardant Behavior of Neem and Banyan Fibers When Reinforced with a Bran Particulate Epoxy Hybrid Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223859. [PMID: 34833158 PMCID: PMC8624988 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Awareness of environmental concerns influences researchers to develop an alternative method of developing natural fiber composite materials, to reduce the consumption of synthetic fibers. This research attempted testing the neem (Azadirachta indica) fiber and the banyan (Ficus benghalensis) fiber at different weight fractions, under flame retardant and thermal testing, in the interest of manufacturing efficient products and parts in real-time applications. The hybrid composite consists of 25% fiber reinforcement, 70% matrix material, and 5% bran filler. Their thermal properties—short-term heat deflection, temperature, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion—were used to quantify the effect of potential epoxy composites. Although natural composite materials are widely utilized, their uses are limited since many of them are combustible. As a result, there has been a lot of focus on making them flame resistant. The thermal analysis revealed the sample B was given 26% more short-term heat resistance when the presence of banyan fiber loading is maximum. The maximum heat deflection temperature occurred in sample A (104.5 °C) and sample B (99.2 °C), which shows a 36% greater thermal expansion compared with chopped neem fiber loading. In sample F, an increased chopped neem fiber weight fraction gave a 40% higher thermal conductivity, when compared to increasing the bidirectional banyan mat of this hybrid composite. The maximum flame retardant capacity occurred in samples A and B, with endurance up to 12.9 and 11.8 min during the flame test of the hybrid composites.
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Banana Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites: Mechanical Properties and Fire Retardancy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/1973644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the growing field of technology has paved the way for using environmental friendly resources; in particular, plant origin holds ecological concern and renewable aspects. Currently, natural fiber composites have widening attention, thanks to their eco-friendly properties. In the present work, the composite material is reinforced with natural fibers from the bark of banana trees (banana fibers), a material available in Vietnam. Banana fibers are extracted from banana peels, pretreated with NaOH 5%, and then cut to an average length of 30 mm. Banana fiber is reinforced for epoxy resin Epikote 240 with mass percents: 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 20 wt.%, and 25 wt.%. The results were evaluated through structural morphology (SEM), mechanical properties, fire resistance, and thermal properties. Experimental results show that the tensile, compressive, and impact strengths of biosynthetic materials up to 20% by weight have increased compared to epoxy neat. Flame retardant and thermal properties are kept stable; 20 wt.% banana fiber gives a limiting oxygen index of 20.8% and satisfactory thermal stability.
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Processing and Characterisation of Banana Leaf Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastic Cassava Starch Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091420. [PMID: 33924842 PMCID: PMC8124608 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing environmental concerns have led to greater attention to the development of biodegradable materials. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of banana leaf fibre (BLF) on the thermal and mechanical properties of thermoplastic cassava starch (TPCS). The biocomposites were prepared by incorporating 10 to 50 wt.% BLF into the TPCS matrix. The samples were characterised for their thermal and mechanical properties. The results showed that there were significant increments in the tensile and flexural properties of the materials, with the highest strength and modulus values obtained at 40 wt.% BLF content. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the addition of BLF had increased the thermal stability of the material, indicated by higher-onset decomposition temperature and ash content. Morphological studies through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibited a homogenous distribution of fibres and matrix with good adhesion, which is crucial in improving the mechanical properties of biocomposites. This was also attributed to the strong interaction of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between TPCS and fibre, proven by the FT-IR test that observed the presence of O–H bonding in the biocomposite.
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Design and Development of False Ceiling Board Using Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) Composite Reinforced with False Banana Fibres and Filled with Sawdust. INT J POLYM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5542329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work deals with design and development of false ceiling board from polyvinyl-acetate (PVAc) composite reinforced with false banana fibres and filled with sawdust. The aim was to develop a light weight and good strength performance false ceiling board using raw materials that are fully biodegradable including sawdust, thus solving the problem of its disposal. The false banana fibres were characterized for its tensile strength, elongation, and moisture content since these parameters affect the composite properties. Hand lay-up method combined with compression molding followed by curing was utilised in the manufacture of the false ceiling composites. The optimum proportions of the raw materials were identified using central composite design software, and the results were 40% sawdust, 40% binder (PVAc), and 20% fibres. The mechanical properties of the developed composite board were evaluated in terms of its tensile strength, flexural strength, and compressive strength. In addition, the composite physical properties were also evaluated including its density and moisture absorption. The optimum results obtained were tensile strength of 12.54 N/mm2, compressive strength of 7.03 N/mm2, and flexural strength of 5.13 N/mm2.
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Adediran AA, Balogun OA, Akinwande AA, Mwema FM, Adesina OS, Olayanju A. Effect of Surface Modification on the Properties of Polypropylene Matrix Reinforced with Coir Fibre and Yam Peel Particulate. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:8891563. [PMID: 33628142 PMCID: PMC7889395 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8891563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypropylene composites reinforced with coir fibre and yam peel particulate were produced using compression moulding machine. Treated and untreated coir fibres were used; 1.5 M NaOH was used for the treated coir fibres. Yam peel was grouped into two, treated and untreated; the treated was modified using 1 M solution of NaOH and HCl in the proportion of 30% and 70%, respectively. The yam peel which was sun-dried for 14 days was pulverized and sieved to -45 µm. Samples were developed using treated and untreated reinforcements (TCF/YPP and UCF/YPP) at constant coir fibre proportion (15%) and varied amount of yam peel particulate (2, 4, 6, and 8 wt.%). The hybrid composite samples developed were probed for mechanical properties and thermal and wear behaviour. The level of particles agglomeration at the fibre-matrix interface was examined using scanning electron microscope. The results show that sample reinforced with treated 4 wt.% coir fibre and yam peel particulate had optimum mechanical properties. However, the thermal conductivity of composite samples increased with fibre addition. All composite samples developed had better resistance to abrasion when compared to the control sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeolu A. Adediran
- Landmark University SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Research Group), Omu-Aran, Kwara 1001, Nigeria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara 1001, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin A. Balogun
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo 704, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi A. Akinwande
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo 704, Nigeria
| | - Fredrick M. Mwema
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, Nyeri 10143, Kenya
| | - Olanrewaju S. Adesina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara 1001, Nigeria
| | - Adeniyi Olayanju
- Landmark University SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Research Group), Omu-Aran, Kwara 1001, Nigeria
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Sathishkumar G, Gautham G, Shankar GG, Rajkumar G, Karpagam R, Dhivya V, Zacharia G, Gopinath B, Karthik P, Charles MM. Influence of lignite fly ash on the structural and mechanical properties of banana fiber containing epoxy polymer matrix composite. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Okafor CE, Onovo AC, Ihueze CC. Predictive Energy Requirement Models in Bio-fiber Comminution Process. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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16
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Characterization of Wear and Physical Properties of Pawpaw–Glass Fiber Hybrid Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Structural Application. FIBERS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fib8070044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, wear resistance and some selected physical properties of pawpaw–glass fiber hybrid reinforced epoxy composites were investigated. Two different layers of pawpaw stem—linear and network structures—were extracted and chemically modified. Hybrid reinforced composites were developed comparatively from the two fiber structures and glass fiber using hand lay-up in an open mold production process. The wear resistance was studied via the use of a Taber Abrasion Tester while selected physical properties were also investigated. The influence of the fiber structure on the properties examined revealed that network structured pawpaw fiber was the best as reinforcement compared to the linearly structured fiber. The addition of these vegetable fibers to epoxy resin brought about improved thermal conductivity and increased the curing rate while the wear resistance of the corresponding developed composites were enhanced by 3 wt% and 15 wt% of fibers from linear and network pawpaw fibers. It was noticed that linearly structured pawpaw fiber had its best result at 3 wt% while network structured pawpaw fiber had its best result at 15 wt%.
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A Review on Thermoplastic or Thermosetting Polymeric Matrices Used in Polymeric Composites Manufactured with Banana Fibers from the Pseudostem. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10093023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent manufacturing advancements have led to the fabrication of polymeric composites (PC) reinforced with fibers. However, to reduce the impact on the environment, efforts have been made to replace synthetic fibers (SF) by natural fibers (NF) in many applications. NF, e.g., as banana fibers (BF) possess higher cellulose content, a higher degree of polymerization of cellulose, and a lower microfibrillar angle (MFA), which are crucial factors for the mechanical properties (MP), namely tensile modulus (TM) and tensile strength (TS), and many other properties that make them suitable for the reinforcement of PC. This review paper presents an attempt to highlight some recent findings on the MP of PC reinforced with unmodified or modified BF (UBF, MBF), which were incorporated into unmodified or modified (synthetic (SPM) or a bio (BPM)) polymeric matrices (UPM, MPM). The experimental results from previous studies are presented in terms of the variation in the percentage of the MP and show that BF can improve the MP of PC. The results of such studies suggest the possibility to extend the application of PC reinforced with BF (PCBF) in a wide range, namely from automotive to biomedical fields. The meanings of all the acronyms are listed in the abbreviations section.
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G. Pinto D, Rodrigues J, Bernardo L. A Review on Thermoplastic or Thermosetting Polymeric Matrices Used in Polymeric Composites Manufactured with Banana Fibers from the Pseudostem. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent manufacturing advancements have led to the fabrication of polymeric composites (PC) reinforced with fibers. However, to reduce the impact on the environment, efforts have been made to replace synthetic fibers (SF) by natural fibers (NF) in many applications. NF, e.g., as banana fibers (BF) possess higher cellulose content, a higher degree of polymerization of cellulose, and a lower microfibrillar angle (MFA), which are crucial factors for the mechanical properties (MP), namely tensile modulus (TM) and tensile strength (TS), and many other properties that make them suitable for the reinforcement of PC. This review paper presents an attempt to highlight some recent findings on the MP of PC reinforced with unmodified or modified BF (UBF, MBF), which were incorporated into unmodified or modified (synthetic (SPM) or a bio (BPM)) polymeric matrices (UPM, MPM). The experimental results from previous studies are presented in terms of the variation in the percentage of the MP and show that BF can improve the MP of PC. The results of such studies suggest the possibility to extend the application of PC reinforced with BF (PCBF) in a wide range, namely from automotive to biomedical fields. The meanings of all the acronyms are listed in the abbreviations section.
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Narayanan T, Abd Razak J, Othman IS, Mohamad N, Abd Manaf ME, Mahamood MA, Hasib H, Ismail MM, Junid R. Tensile, Flexural and Fracture Morphological Properties of Recycled Polypropylene (rPP) Filled Dried Banana Leaves Fibre (DBLF) Composites: Effects of DBLF Loadings. ADVANCES IN MATERIAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2020:609-618. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8297-0_63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Wang Z, Dadi Bekele L, Qiu Y, Dai Y, Zhu S, Sarsaiya S, Chen J. Preparation and characterization of coffee hull fiber for reinforcing application in thermoplastic composites. Bioengineered 2019; 10:397-408. [PMID: 31526157 PMCID: PMC8530269 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1661694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there is an increasing concern toward substituting the scarce wood fibers with alternative lignocellulosic fibers that originate from crop residue to reinforce biocomposites. In this paper, the potential application of coffee hull (CH) of the reinforced polyethylene (PE) matrix composites was studied for the first time. Experiments of composite that enhanced with CH on mechanical properties, hydroscopicity, thermogravimetric analysis, fiber treatment, and microstructures were tested in this study. The PE matrix was reinforced with varying volume fractions of CH and was studied. The results show that incorporation of coffee hull markedly improved the mechanical properties of the reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix composites. Micrographs show a strong interfacial adhesion between the CH fiber particles. This property may be the main reason for the stability between composites. At the same time this work investigated the effect of different treatments on the mechanical properties and water absorption behavior of composites. The fiber surface treatments were done using active chemicals such as calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), silane coupling agent (SCA), maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MA-g-PP), stearic acid (SA), ethylene bis stearamide (EBS) and the combination (MA-g-PP, SA, EBS). The results show that (Ca(OH)2)treatment is the best way to improve its properties. Probably because attributed to removal of surface active functional groups (-OH) from the CH fiber and induction of hydrophobicity that in turn improved the compatibility with the polymer matrix. As a result, the use of coffee hull in composites could have great significance for the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization (BIHU), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Lemma Dadi Bekele
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization (BIHU), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yifan Dai
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization (BIHU), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization (BIHU), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Surendra Sarsaiya
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization (BIHU), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jishuang Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization (BIHU), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Experimental and Simulation Studies on Waste Vegetable Peels as Bio-composite Fillers for Light Duty Applications. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-019-03951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wu CS, Liao HT, Tsou CH. Polyester-based green renewable eco-composites by solar energy tube processing: characterization and assessment of properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Singh R, Kumar R, Ranjan N. Sustainability of Recycled ABS and PA6 by Banana Fiber Reinforcement: Thermal, Mechanical and Morphological Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40032-017-0435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ramesh M, Palanikumar K, Reddy KH. Influence of fiber orientation and fiber content on properties of sisal-jute-glass fiber-reinforced polyester composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manickam Ramesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Sri Sai Ram Engineering College; Chennai Tamil Nadu 600044 India
| | - Kayaroganam Palanikumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Sri Sai Ram Institute of Technology; Chennai Tamil Nadu 600044 India
| | - Konireddy Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; JNTU College of Engineering Anantapur; Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh 515002 India
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Abstract
Natural fibers are getting attention from researchers and academician to utilize in polymer composites due to their ecofriendly nature and sustainability. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive review of the foremost appropriate as well as widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications. In addition, it presents summary of various surface treatments applied to natural fibers and their effect on NFPCs properties. The properties of NFPCs vary with fiber type and fiber source as well as fiber structure. The effects of various chemical treatments on the mechanical and thermal properties of natural fibers reinforcements thermosetting and thermoplastics composites were studied. A number of drawbacks of NFPCs like higher water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties limited its applications. Impacts of chemical treatment on the water absorption, tribology, viscoelastic behavior, relaxation behavior, energy absorption flames retardancy, and biodegradability properties of NFPCs were also highlighted. The applications of NFPCs in automobile and construction industry and other applications are demonstrated. It concluded that chemical treatment of the natural fiber improved adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix which ultimately enhanced physicomechanical and thermochemical properties of the NFPCs.
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