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Yang S, Li Y, Nie M, Liu X, Wang Q, Chen N, Zhang C. Lifecycle Management for Sustainable Plastics: Recent Progress from Synthesis, Processing to Upcycling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404115. [PMID: 38869422 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Plastics, renowned for their outstanding properties and extensive applications, assume an indispensable and irreplaceable role in modern society. However, the ubiquitous consumption of plastic items has led to a growing accumulation of plastic waste. Unreasonable practices in the production, utilization, and recycling of plastics have led to substantial energy resource depletion and environmental pollution. Herein, the state-of-the-art advancements in the lifecycle management of plastics are timely reviewed. Unlike typical reviews focused on plastic recycling, this work presents an in-depth analysis of the entire lifecycle of plastics, covering the whole process from synthesis, processing, to ultimate disposal. The primary emphasis lies on selecting judicious strategies and methodologies at each lifecycle stage to mitigate the adverse environmental impact of waste plastics. Specifically, the article delineates the rationale, methods, and advancements realized in various lifecycle stages through both physical and chemical recycling pathways. The focal point is the attainment of optimal recycling rates for waste plastics, thereby alleviating the ecological burden of plastic pollution. By scrutinizing the entire lifecycle of plastics, the article aims to furnish comprehensive solutions for reducing plastic pollution and fostering sustainability across all facets of plastic production, utilization, and disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- The Research Department of Resource Carbon Neutrality, Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory, Chengdu, 610213, China
| | - Yijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- The Research Department of Resource Carbon Neutrality, Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory, Chengdu, 610213, China
| | - Min Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- The Research Department of Resource Carbon Neutrality, Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory, Chengdu, 610213, China
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- The Research Department of Resource Carbon Neutrality, Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory, Chengdu, 610213, China
| | - Chuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- The Research Department of Resource Carbon Neutrality, Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory, Chengdu, 610213, China
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2
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Kheradmandkeysomi M, Salehi A, Jalali A, Omranpour H, Tafreshi OA, Naguib HE, Park CB. Enhancing Mechanical Performance of High-Density Polyethylene at Different Environmental Conditions with Outstanding Foamability through In-Situ Rubber Nanofibrillation: Exploring the Impact of Interface Modification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29291-29304. [PMID: 38776211 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we utilized in situ nanofibrillation of thermoplastic polyester ether elastomer (TPEE) within a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix to enhance the rheological properties, foamability, and mechanical characteristics of the HDPE nanocomposite at both room and subzero temperatures. Due to the inherent polarity differences between these two components, TPEE is thermodynamically incompatible with the nonpolar HDPE. To address this compatibility issue, we employed a compatibilizer, styrene/ethylene-butylene/styrene copolymer-grafted maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MA), to reduce the interfacial tension between the two blend components. In the initial step, we prepared a 10% masterbatch of HDPE/TPEE with and without the compatibilizer using a twin-screw extruder. Subsequently, we processed the 10% masterbatch further through spun bonding to create fiber-in-fiber composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a significant reduction in the spherical size of HDPE/TPEE particles following the inclusion of SEBS-g-MA, as well as a much smaller TPEE nanofiber size (approximately 60-70 nm for 5% TPEE). Moreover, extensional rheological testing revealed a notable enhancement in extensional rheological properties, with strain-hardening behavior being more pronounced in the compatibilized nanofibrillar composites compared to the noncompatibilized ones. SEM images of the foam structures depicted substantial improvement in the foamability of HDPE in terms of the cell size and density following the nanofibrillation process and the use of the compatibilizer. Ultimately, the in situ rubber fibrillation and enhancement of HDPE and TPEE interface using a compatibilizer led to increasing the HDPE ductility at room and subzero temperatures while maintaining its stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Kheradmandkeysomi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Amirmehdi Salehi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Amirjalal Jalali
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Hosseinali Omranpour
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Omid Aghababaei Tafreshi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Hani E Naguib
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Chul B Park
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
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3
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Grover T, Guymon CA. Effect of Block Copolymer Self-Assembly on Phase Separation in Photopolymerizable Epoxy Blends. Macromolecules 2024; 57:4717-4728. [PMID: 38827959 PMCID: PMC11140735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.4c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Directing self-assembly of photopolymerizable systems is advantageous for controlling polymer nanostructure and material properties, but developing techniques for inducing ordered structure remains challenging. In this work, well-defined diblock or random copolymers were incorporated into cationic photopolymerizable epoxy systems to investigate the impact of copolymer architecture on self-assembly and phase separated nanostructures. Copolymers consisting of poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate)-x-(butyl acrylate) were prepared using photoiniferter polymerization to control functional group placement and molecular weight/polydispersity. Prepolymer configuration and concentration induced distinctly different effects on the resin flow and photopolymerization kinetics. The diblock copolymer self-assembled into nanostructured phases within the resin matrix, whereas the random copolymer formed an isotropic mixture. Rapid photopolymerization and ambient temperature conditions during cure facilitated retention of the self-assembled phases, leading to considerably different composite morphology and thermomechanical behavior. Increased loading of the diblock copolymer induced long-range ordered cocontinuous structures. Even with nearly identical prepolymer composition, controlled nanophase separation resulted in significantly enhanced tensile properties relative to those of the isotropic system. This work demonstrates that controlling phase separation with a block copolymer architecture allows access to nanostructured photopolymers with unique and enhanced properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner
L. Grover
- Department of Chemical and
Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, 4133 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - C. Allan Guymon
- Department of Chemical and
Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, 4133 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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4
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Jayan JS, Deeraj B, Joseph K, Saritha A. Designed and tailor-made double hydrophilic block copolymer-graphene nanoplatelet hybrids for reinforcing epoxy thermosets. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8812. [PMID: 38627569 PMCID: PMC11021408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Because of their propensity to build micellar nanostructures, amphiphilic block copolymers (ABCs) are an appropriate and unique toughening agent for epoxy systems individually on their own and in grafted form. The presence of epoxiphilic and phobic ends in ABCs is responsible for the self-assembly and the micellar structure. Nanofiller-grafted ABCs can effectively enhance the toughness of epoxy via the synergistic interaction of nanofillers and the ABCs. Even though there is sound literature supporting the effect of ABCs in epoxy, the action of double hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBC) in the epoxy matrix is less handled. Hence, the grafting of nanofillers in DHBCs and their subsequent role in tuning the properties of epoxy is a new concept. Hence this paper tries to bridge the gap via studying the effect of grafted fillers based on DHBCs in epoxy matrix. As a result, the current study focuses on the synthesis of double hydrophilic graphene nanoplatelets (rGO-g-DHBC) via nitrogen oxide-mediated polymerization for epoxy toughening application. The prepared rGO-g-DHBC was effectively utilized for epoxy toughening applications, resulting in a 457% improvement in toughness without compromising its inherent tensile strength. The mechanism behind the improved toughness was elucidated with the help of a scanning electron microscope, and the thermal, and rheological characteristics were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitha S Jayan
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala, India.
| | - Bds Deeraj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Valiyamala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Kuruvilla Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Valiyamala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Appukuttan Saritha
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala, India.
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Guo Y, Shu T, Wang Y, Cui C, Zhou Q, Zhang Q, Cheng Y, Ge Z, Chen G, Zhang Y. Dynamic Thermosetting Resins with Synergistic Enhanced Strength and Toughness through Combination with Rigid and Soft Microdomains. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400036. [PMID: 38453138 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Preparation of materials that possess highly strong and tough properties simultaneously is a great challenge. Thermosetting resins as a type of widely used polymeric materials without synergistic strength and toughness limit their applications in some special fields. In this report, an effective strategy to prepare thermosetting resins with synergistic strength and toughness, is presented. In this method, the soft and rigid microspheres with dynamic hemiaminal bonds are fabricated first, followed by hot-pressing to crosslink at the interfaces. Specifically, the rigid or soft microspheres are prepared via precipitation polymerization. After hot-pressing, the resulting rigid-soft blending materials exhibit superior strength and toughness, simultaneously. As compared with the precursor rigid or soft materials, the toughness of the rigid-soft blending films (RSBFs) is improved to 240% and 2100%, respectively, while the strength is comparable to the rigid precursor. As compared with the traditional crushing, blending, and hot-pressing of rigid or soft materials to get the nonuniform materials, the strength and toughness of the RSBFs are improved to 168% and 255%, respectively. This approach holds significant promise for the fabrication of polymer thermosets with a unique combination of strength and toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhou Guo
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Tiantian Shu
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Technology of Oilfields, Engineering Research Center of Oil and Gas Field Chemistry, Universities of Shaanxi Provence, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Chenhui Cui
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qinghao Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yilong Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhishen Ge
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Technology of Oilfields, Engineering Research Center of Oil and Gas Field Chemistry, Universities of Shaanxi Provence, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Zhang C, Zhou T, Gu G, Cai C, Hao D, Zou G, Li J, Yang R. Super-tough poly(lactic acid)/silicone rubber thermoplastic vulcanizates: The organic and inorganic synergistic interfacial compatibilization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129110. [PMID: 38161016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Polymer modification using silicone rubber represents a promising avenue for enhancing physico-mechanical properties. However, achieving optimal performance through direct blending is hindered by the poor interface compatibility between silicone rubber and the matrix. In this study, we prepared super-tough thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) of polylactic acid/silicone rubber through dynamic vulcanization with PLA, methyl vinyl silicone rubber (MVQ), glycidyl methacrylate grafted MVQ (MVQ-g-GMA), and fumed silica nanoparticles (SiO2). The impact of the SiO2 addition in MVQ on the morphology, mechanical properties, crystallization, and thermal properties of the TPVs was investigated. The results showed that MVQ-g-GMA and SiO2 exhibited a synergistic compatibilization effect significantly improving the interfacial adhesion between PLA and MVQ. Therefore, the impact and tensile strength of the TPVs increased from 8.0 kJ/m2 and 22.2 MPa to 62.6 kJ/m2 and 36.7 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the TPVs also presented good low-temperature toughness with a maximum impact strength of 40.4 kJ/m2 at -20 °C. Additionally, improvements in thermal stability and crystallization rate were also observed. Overall, combining organic and inorganic synergistic compatibilization is a feasible and effective method to fabricate outstanding low-temperature toughness to PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengpeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Tianyi Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Guozhang Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Chaoyi Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Dongdong Hao
- Changzhou University Huaide College, Jiangsu, Jingjiang 214500, China
| | - Guoxiang Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jinchun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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7
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Calderón-Villajos R, Sánchez M, Leones A, Peponi L, Manzano-Santamaría J, López AJ, Ureña A. An Analysis of the Self-Healing and Mechanical Properties as well as Shape Memory of 3D-Printed Surlyn ® Nanocomposites Reinforced with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4326. [PMID: 37960006 PMCID: PMC10650841 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This research work studies the self-healing ability, mechanical properties, and shape memory of the polymer Surlyn® 8940 with and without multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a nanoreinforcement. This polymer comes from a partially neutralized poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (EMAA) ionomer copolymer. MWCNTs and the polymer went through a mixing process aimed at achieving an excellent dispersion. Later, an optimized extrusion method was used to produce a uniform reinforced filament, which was the input for the 3D-printing process that was used to create the final test samples. Various concentrations of MWCNTs (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.%) were used to evaluate and compare the mechanical properties, self-healing ability, and shape memory of unreinforced and nanoreinforced materials. Results show an enhancement of the mechanical properties and self-healing ability through the addition of MWCNTs to the matrix of polymer, and the specimens showed shape memory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Calderón-Villajos
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (J.M.-S.); (A.J.L.); (A.U.)
| | - María Sánchez
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (J.M.-S.); (A.J.L.); (A.U.)
| | - Adrián Leones
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, ICTP-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain (L.P.)
| | - Laura Peponi
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, ICTP-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain (L.P.)
| | - Javier Manzano-Santamaría
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (J.M.-S.); (A.J.L.); (A.U.)
| | - Antonio Julio López
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (J.M.-S.); (A.J.L.); (A.U.)
| | - Alejandro Ureña
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (J.M.-S.); (A.J.L.); (A.U.)
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8
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Gavande V, Jeong M, Lee WK. On the Mechanical, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Polyethylene/Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polypropylene Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4236. [PMID: 37959916 PMCID: PMC10647653 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel ultra-high molecular weight polypropylene (UHMWPP) as a dispersed component was melt blended with conventional high-density polyethylene (PE) and maleic anhydride grafted-polyethylene (mPE) in different proportions through a kneader. Ultra-high molecular weight polypropylene is a high-performance polymer material that has excellent mechanical properties and toughness compared to other polymers. Mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties were presented for various UHMWPP loadings, and correlations between mechanical and rheological properties were examined. Optimal comprehensive mechanical properties are achieved when the UHMWPP content reaches approximately 50 wt%, although the elongation properties do not match those of pure PE or mPE. However, it is worth noting that the elongation properties of these blends did not match those of PE or mPE. Particularly, for the PE/UHMWPP blends, a significant drop in tensile strength was observed as the UHMWPP content decreased (from 30.24 MPa for P50U50 to 13.12 MPa for P90U10). In contrast, the mPE/UHMWPP blends demonstrated only minimal changes in tensile strength (ranging from 29 MPa for mP50U50 to 24.64 MPa for mP90U10) as UHMWPP content varied. The storage modulus of the PE/UHMWPP blends increased drastically with the UHMWPP content due to the UHMWPP chain entanglements and rigidity. Additionally, we noted a substantial reduction in the melt index of the blend system when the UHMWPP content exceeded 10% by weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Won-Ki Lee
- Division of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (V.G.)
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9
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Zhong JH, Zhou Y, Tian XX, Sun YL, Shi BR, Zhang ZY, Zhang WH, Liu XD, Yang YM. The Addition of an Ultra-Small Amount of Black Phosphorous Quantum Dots Endow Self-Healing Polyurethane with a Biomimetic Intelligent Response. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300286. [PMID: 37461093 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
This study explores new applications of black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) by adding them to self-healing material systems for the first time. Self-healing polyurethane with an ultra-small amount of BPQDs has biomimetic intelligent responsiveness and achieves balance between its mechanical and self-healing properties. By adding 0.0001 wt% BPQDs to self-healing polyurethane, the fracture strength of the material increases from 3.0 to 12.3 MPa, and the elongation at break also increases from 750% to 860%. Meanwhile, the self-healing efficiency remains at 98%. The addition of BPQDs significantly improves the deformation recovery ability of the composite materials and transforms the surface of self-healing polyurethane from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, making it suitable for applications in fields such as electronic skin and flexible wearable devices. This study provides a simple and feasible strategy for endowing self-healing materials with biomimetic intelligent responsiveness using a small amount of BPQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xin-Xin Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ying-Lu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Bi-Ru Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhang
- Power and Environmental Control Research Department, China Special Vehicle Research Institute, Jingmen, 448000, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yu-Ming Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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10
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Jia DZ, Ma GQ, Liu Q, Zhang J, Li JQ, Lin H, Li XJ, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. Extensional Stress-Induced Ductility of Poly(l-lactide) Films: Role of the Entangled Network in Amorphous Regions. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37276461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the density of the entangled amorphous network and the ductility of oriented poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) films is explored based on the preferential hydrolysis of the amorphous regions in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). PLLA films with a balance of ductility and stiffness have been prepared by the "casting-annealing stretching" based on mechanical rejuvenation, and the structural evolution and mechanical properties at different hydrolysis durations have been identified. Various stages are found during the transition of ductility to brittleness for hydrolyzed PLLA films. First, the elongation at break for hydrolyzed PLLA films remains unchanged in the first stage of hydrolysis and then gradually decreases. Eventually, the films turn to be brittle in the third stage. The strain-hardening modulus (GR) of the hydrolyzed films is utilized to reflect the density of the entangled amorphous network, and a gradual decrease of GR with hydrolysis time indicates the decisive role of the amorphous entanglement network in the mechanical rejuvenation-induced ductility of PLLA. The quantitative relationship between the entangled amorphous network and the stress-induced ductility of PLLA films is revealed. The dependence of deformation behavior on entangled amorphous network density is closely correlated to activated primary structure during deformation. The intact chain network plays a crucial role in sufficiently activating the primary structure to yield and disentanglement during the subsequent necking. These findings could advance the understanding of the PLLA's ductility induced by mechanical rejuvenation and offer guidance for awakening the intrinsic toughness of PLLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Zhuang Jia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guo-Qi Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hao Lin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xu-Juan Li
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Engineering Lab of Non-Metallic Mineral Powder Modification & High-Value Utilization, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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11
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Zeidi M, Park CB, Il Kim C. Synergism Effect between Nanofibrillation and Interface Tuning on the Stiffness-Toughness Balance of Rubber-Toughened Polymer Nanocomposites: A Multiscale Analysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24948-24967. [PMID: 37172315 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
As the design and scalable technology development of tough, yet stiff, polymer nanocomposites receive attention in the automotive industry, fundamental understating of underlying toughening mechanisms at the nanoscale is inevitable. However, mechanical tests on rubber-toughened nanocomposites have shown that their overall fracture properties are significantly smaller than theoretical predictions. Our previous study showed that major factors in this regard are the simultaneous operation of different toughening mechanisms and the nanostructural features of the interface. As a result, it may be necessary to employ multiscale and multimechanism modeling strategies to accurately account for the contribution of each toughening mechanism. In this study, the effects of nanofibrillation (i.e., size, orientation, and dispersion) and interfacial tuning on the mechanical properties of nanofibrillated rubber-toughened nanocomposites are examined using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We report that by interfacial modification via grafting compatibilizer at the interface, nanofibrillated rubber-toughened polypropylene (PP) nanocomposite can achieve superior mechanical properties as a result of enhanced interfacial load transfer. Compared to pure ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM)/PP system, an increase of 49% in energy absorbed per unit volume during fracture was achieved for 30% functionalized nanocomposites. Such an increase in energy dissipation was caused by a transition in the dominant crack propagation mechanism from interfacial slippage to crack-arresting behavior, owing to enhanced interfacial adhesion. MD simulations in conjunction with the multiscale model revealed that such a change in mechanism is caused by the formation of strong covalent bonds, interfacial friction, and the presence of a highly entangled polymeric network at the interface. Although the multiscale framework can be viewed as a road map for modeling the interface of various nanocomposite systems, the results obtained from our study may offer valuable insights for developing robust and scalable fabrication processes for nanofibrillated rubber-toughened nanocomposite structures, which pose significant technological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Zeidi
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Chul B Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Chun Il Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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12
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Guo R, Zhang Q, Wu Y, Chen H, Liu Y, Wang J, Duan X, Chen Q, Ge Z, Zhang Y. Extremely Strong and Tough Biodegradable Poly(urethane) Elastomers with Unprecedented Crack Tolerance via Hierarchical Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2212130. [PMID: 36822221 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The elastomers with the combination of high strength and high toughness have always been intensively pursued due to their diverse applications. Biomedical applications frequently require elastomers with biodegradability and biocompatibility properties. It remains a great challenge to prepare the biodegradable elastomers with extremely robust mechanical properties for in vivo use. In this report, we present a polyurethane elastomer with unprecedented mechanical properties for the in vivo application as hernia patches, which was obtained by the solvent-free reaction of polycaprolactone (PCL) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) with N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)oxamide (BHO) as the chain extender. Abundant and hierarchical hydrogen-bonding interactions inside the elastomers hinder the crystallization of PCL segments and facilitate the formation of uniformly distributed hard phase microdomains, which miraculously realize the extremely high strength and toughness with the fracture strength of 92.2 MPa and true stress of 1.9 GPa, while maintaining the elongation-at-break of ≈1900% and ultrahigh toughness of 480.2 MJ m-3 with the unprecedented fracture energy of 322.2 kJ m-2 . Hernia patches made from the elastomer via 3D printing technology exhibit outstanding mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The robust and biodegradable elastomers demonstrate considerable potentials for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Youshen Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yanghe Liu
- Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Pharmacy Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xianglong Duan
- Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital and Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhishen Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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13
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Nazari P, Bäuerle R, Zimmermann J, Melzer C, Schwab C, Smith A, Kowalsky W, Aghassi-Hagmann J, Hernandez-Sosa G, Lemmer U. Piezoresistive Free-standing Microfiber Strain Sensor for High-resolution Battery Thickness Monitoring. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2212189. [PMID: 36872845 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive microfiber strain sensors are promising for the detection of mechanical deformations in applications where limited space is available. In particular for in situ battery thickness monitoring where high resolution and low detection limit are key requirements. Herein, the realization of a highly sensitive strain sensor for in situ lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery thickness monitoring is presented. The compliant fiber-shaped sensor is fabricated by an upscalable wet-spinning method employing a composite of microspherical core-shell conductive particles embedded in an elastomer. The electrical resistance of the sensor changes under applied strain, exhibiting a high strain sensitivity and extremely low strain detection limit of 0.00005 with high durability of 10 000 cycles. To demonstrate the accuracy and ease of applicability of this sensor, the real-time thickness change of a Li-ion battery pouch cell is monitored during the charge and discharge cycles. This work introduces a promising approach with the least material complexity for soft microfiber strain gauges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariya Nazari
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of High Frequency Technology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Universitätsplatz 2, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Christopher Schwab
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Anna Smith
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kowalsky
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of High Frequency Technology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Universitätsplatz 2, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jasmin Aghassi-Hagmann
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Gerardo Hernandez-Sosa
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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14
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Zheng Q, Wang B, Li X, Xiao X, Jin H, Zhang H, Zhao Y. Microstructural, Mechanical, and Tribological Performances of Composites Prepared via Melt Compounding of Polyamide 6, Basalt Fibers, and Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene-Styrene Copolymer. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3237. [PMID: 37110073 PMCID: PMC10147082 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Basalt fibers (BFs) are environmentally friendly materials characterized by high strength and good wear resistance, and thus are popular candidates for reinforcing polymers. Herein, polyamide 6 (PA 6), BFs, and the styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) copolymer were melt compounded sequentially to prepare fiber-reinforced PA 6-based composites. The results showed improved mechanical and tribological performances via the incorporation of BFs and SEBS into PA 6. Compared to neat PA 6, an average 83% increase in notched impact strength was achieved for the PA 6/SEBS/BF composites, which is mainly due to the good miscibility between SEBS and PA 6. The tensile strength of the composites, however, was only increased moderately, since the weak interfacial adhesion was not sufficiently efficient to transfer the load from the PA 6 matrix to the BFs. Interestingly, the wear rates of both the PA 6/SEBS blend and the PA 6/SEBS/BF composites were obviously lower than those of the neat PA 6. The PA 6/SEBS/BF composite with 10 wt.% of the BFs exhibited the lowest wear rate of 2.7 × 10-5 mm3/N·m, which was decreased by 95% compared to that of the neat PA 6. The facilitation of forming tribo-film with SEBS and the naturally good wear resistance of the BFs were responsible for the largely decreased wear rate. Moreover, the incorporation of SEBS and BFs into the PA 6 matrix transformed the wear mechanism from adhesive wear to abrasive wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xiangde Xiao
- Jinhua Hefa Technology Co., Ltd., Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Huimei Jin
- Jinhua Hefa Technology Co., Ltd., Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Jinhua Hefa Technology Co., Ltd., Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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15
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Guo H, Wang B, Fu X, Li N, Li G, Zheng G, Wang Z, Liu C, Chen Y, Weng Z, Zhang S, Jian X. A New Strategy to Improve the Toughness of Epoxy Thermosets-By Introducing Poly(ether nitrile ketone)s Containing Phthalazinone Structures. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2878. [PMID: 37049172 PMCID: PMC10096459 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As high brittleness limits the application of all epoxy resins (EP), here, it can be modified by high-performance thermoplastic poly(ether nitrile ketone) containing phthalazinone structures (PPENK). Therefore, the influence of different PPENK contents on the mechanical, thermal, and low-temperature properties of EP was comprehensively investigated in this paper. The binary blend of PPENK/EP exhibited excellent properties due to homogeneous mixing and good interaction. The presence of PPENK significantly improved the mechanical properties of EP, showing 131.0%, 14.2%, and 10.0% increases in impact, tensile, and flexural strength, respectively. Morphological studies revealed that the crack deflection and bridging in PPENK were the main toughening mechanism in the blend systems. In addition, the PPENK/EP blends showed excellent thermal and low-temperature properties (-183 °C). The glass transition temperatures of the PPENK/EP blends were enhanced by approximately 50 °C. The 15 phr of the PPENK/EP blends had a low-temperature flexural strength of up to 230 MPa, which was 46.5% higher than EP. Furthermore, all blends exhibited better thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Technology Innovation Center of High Performance Resin Materials, Dalian 116024, China
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Technology Innovation Center of High Performance Resin Materials, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Technology Innovation Center of High Performance Resin Materials, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guiyang Li
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Zaiyu Wang
- AVIC Jiangxi Hongdu Aviation Industry Group Company Ltd., Nanchang 330024, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Technology Innovation Center of High Performance Resin Materials, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yousi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Technology Innovation Center of High Performance Resin Materials, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhihuan Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Technology Innovation Center of High Performance Resin Materials, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shouhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Technology Innovation Center of High Performance Resin Materials, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xigao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Technology Innovation Center of High Performance Resin Materials, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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16
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Ju Y, Qiao Z, Xiu H, Liu X, Fu Q, Bai H. Combined effects of matrix molecular weight and crystallinity on the impact toughness of PP/EPR blends: The role of chain entanglement. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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17
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Liu H, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Chen J, Wang J, Gao G, Bai D. Toward ultra-tough and heat-resistant biodegradable polylactide/core-shell rubber blends by regulating the distribution of rubber particles with stereocomplex crystallites. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123422. [PMID: 36708887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-tough and heat-resistant poly(l-lactide)/core-shell rubber (PLLA/CSR) blends were fabricated by utilizing stereocomplex (SC) crystallites to effectively regulate the CSR distribution in PLLA matrix. Linear and 3-11 armed poly(d-lactide)s (PDLAs) were synthesized and then melt-mixed with PLLA/CSR blend. Interestingly, the incorporated PDLA chains could collaborate with PLLA chains to form dense SC crystallites network in PLLA/PDLA/CSR blends, thus inducing the CSR particles to transform from uniform distribution structure to network-like structure. With increasing the PDLA arm numbers, the size of CSR clusters in the network-like structure first increased and then decreased, and the continuity of the network-like structure first remained at a high level and then decreased obviously. The formation of CSR network-like structure could remarkably improve the impact strength of PLLA/PDLA/CSR blends without deteriorating their strength and modulus (compared with PLLA/CSR blend), and the CSR network-like structure with larger-sized CSR clusters and higher continuity could help obtain higher impact strength (78.3 kJ/m2). Moreover, the heat resistance of PLLA/PDLA/CSR blends could also be significantly improved (the highest Vicat softening temperature was 131 °C) by the SC crystallites network and CSR network-like structure. This work provides an effective strategy for controlling the rubber network-like morphology and thereby preparing high-performance PLLA materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Yaling Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Yushan Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Jianyang Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Jianchuan Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Guangyong Gao
- SWS Hemodialysis Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Dongyu Bai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Materials Surface & Interface Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
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18
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Sun A, Luo F, Chen R, Shih TM, Guo S. Toward supertough and heat-resistant binary blend: polyoxymethylene/elastomer via in-situ graft copolymer formation during one-pot reactive melt blending. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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19
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Design of biodegradable PLA/PBAT blends with balanced toughness and strength via interfacial compatibilization and dynamic vulcanization. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Ronkay F, Molnár B, Szabó E, Marosi G, Bocz K. Water boosts reactive toughening of PET. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Longsiri K, Mora P, Peeksuntiye W, Jubsilp C, Hemvichian K, Karagiannidis P, Rimdusit S. Ultrafine fully vulcanized natural rubber modified by graft-copolymerization with styrene and acrylonitrile monomers. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:85. [PMID: 38647744 PMCID: PMC10992880 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aims to modify ultrafine fully vulcanized powdered natural rubber (UFPNR) prepared by emulsion graft-copolymerization with styrene (St) and acrylonitrile (AN) monomers onto deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR). The effects of monomers content and St/AN weight ratio on grafting efficiency and thermal stability of the developed DPNR-g-(PS-co-PAN) were investigated. The results showed that grafting efficiency was enhanced up to 86% with monomers content 15 phr and weight ratio St:AN 80:20. The obtained DPNR-g-(PS-co-PAN) was radiated by an electron beam at various doses, followed by a spray drying process to produce UFPNR. The obtained modified UFPNR particles irradiated at dose up to 300 kGy were relatively spherical with a particle size of approximately 4.4 µm. Furthermore, the degradation temperature of 5wt% loss (Td5) of UFPNR was found in the range of 349-356 °C. The results revealed that the modified UFPNR is suitable as a toughening filler for a broader spectrum of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittaphorn Longsiri
- Research Unit in Polymeric Materials for Medical Practice Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Phattarin Mora
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, 26120, Thailand
| | - Watcharapong Peeksuntiye
- Research Unit in Polymeric Materials for Medical Practice Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanchira Jubsilp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, 26120, Thailand
| | | | | | - Sarawut Rimdusit
- Research Unit in Polymeric Materials for Medical Practice Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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22
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Kim MK, Kim HI, Nam JD, Suhr J. Polyamide-nylon 6 particulate polycarbonate composites with outstanding energy-absorbing properties. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Leguizamon SC, Ahn J, Lee S, Jones BH. Tuneable phase behaviour and glass transition via polymerization-induced phase separation in crosslinked step-growth polymers. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4455-4463. [PMID: 35661857 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00485b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Once limited to chain-growth polymerizations, fine control over polymerization-induced phase separation (PIPS) has recently been demonstrated in rubber-toughened thermoset materials formed through step-growth polymerizations. The domain length scales of these thermoset materials can be elegantly tuned by utilizing a binary mixture of curing agents (CAs) that individually yield disparate morphologies. Importantly, varying the composition of the binary mixture affects characteristics of the materials such as glass transition temperature and tensile behavior. Here, we establish a full phase diagram of PIPS in a rubber-toughened epoxy system tuned by a binary CA mixture to provide a robust framework of phase behaviour. X-Ray scattering in situ and post-PIPS is employed to elucidate the PIPS mechanism whereby an initial polymerization-induced compositional fluctuation causes nanoscale phase separation of rubber and epoxy components prior to local chain crosslinking and potential macrophase separation. We further demonstrate the universality of this approach by alternatively employing binary epoxy or binary rubber mixtures to achieve broad variations in morphology and glass transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Leguizamon
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA.
| | - Juhong Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Brad H Jones
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA.
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24
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In Service Performance of Toughened PHBV/TPU Blends Obtained by Reactive Extrusion for Injected Parts. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122337. [PMID: 35745913 PMCID: PMC9231000 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Moving toward a more sustainable production model based on a circular economy, biopolymers are considered as one of the most promising alternatives to reduce the dependence on oil-based plastics. Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV), a bacterial biopolyester from the polyhydroxialkanoates (PHAs) family, seems to be an attractive candidate to replace commodities in many applications such as rigid packaging, among others, due to its excellent overall physicochemical and mechanical properties. However, it presents a relatively poor thermal stability, low toughness and ductility, thus limiting its applicability with respect to other polymers such as polypropylene (PP). To improve the performance of PHBV, reactive blending with an elastomer seems to be a proper cost-effective strategy that would lead to increased ductility and toughness by rubber toughening mechanisms. Hence, the objective of this work was the development and characterization of toughness-improved blends of PHBV with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) using hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) as a reactive extrusion agent. To better understand the role of the elastomer and the compatibilizer, the morphological, rheological, thermal, and mechanical behavior of the blends were investigated. To explore the in-service performance of the blends, mechanical and long-term creep characterization were conducted at three different temperatures (−20, 23, 50 °C). Furthermore, the biodegradability in composting conditions has also been tested. The results showed that HMDI proved its efficiency as a compatibilizer in this system, reducing the average particle size of the TPU disperse phase and enhancing the adhesion between the PHBV matrix and TPU elastomer. Although the sole incorporation of the TPU leads to slight improvements in toughness, the compatibilizer plays a key role in improving the overall performance of the blends, leading to a clear improvement in toughness and long-term behavior.
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25
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Doan TTL, Müller MT, Nguyen HM. Effects of different polyolefin copolymers on properties of melt mixed polypropylene blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Loan Doan
- The University of Danang ‐ University of Science and Technology Da Nang Vietnam
| | | | - Hoang M. Nguyen
- The University of Danang ‐ University of Science and Technology Da Nang Vietnam
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26
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Petchwattana N, Sukkaneewat B, Naknaen P, Sanetuntikul J, Jansri E. Synergistic effects of bio‐plasticizer and core–shell rubber on poly(lactic acid) toughness for sustainable flexible packaging applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nawadon Petchwattana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Srinakharinwirot University Nakhon Nayok Thailand
| | - Benjatham Sukkaneewat
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Udon Thani Rajabhat University Udon Thani Thailand
| | - Phisut Naknaen
- Division of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Product Innovation and Technology Srinakharinwirot University Nakhon Nayok Thailand
| | - Jakkid Sanetuntikul
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Rayong Thailand
| | - Ektinai Jansri
- Division of Polymer Materials Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Product Innovation and Technology Srinakharinwirot University Nakhon Nayok Thailand
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Chi H, Zhang G, Wang N, Wang Y, Li T, Wang F, Ye C. Enhancing the mechanical strength and toughness of epoxy resins with linear POSS nano-modifiers. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1151-1157. [PMID: 36131759 PMCID: PMC9419030 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00757b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Glass transition temperature (T g) always deteriorates while improving the strength of epoxy resins which inherently suffer from brittleness. Herein, novel linear polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-epoxy nano-modifiers are synthesized with variable contents of POSS. The thermomechanical properties and chemical structure study of the POSS-epoxy indicates significant differences of the rigid POSS content in the linear nano-modifiers. By taking advantage of the synergistic effect of nanofillers and linear polymers, the modifiers disperse at the molecular level when POSS-epoxy is utilized as a co-curing agent for epoxy resins, allowing the applied force to be transferred into the polymer matrix. A good balance of T g, stiffness, and fracture toughness can be obtained. At 5 wt% of the nano-modifier, the resultant epoxy resins showed 27% enhancement in the Young's modulus relative to the neat epoxy. In addition, the T g and strength of epoxy thermosets are improved due to the increased cross-linking density, rough surface and tortuous path that resulted in good dispersion of energy during crack propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China 250353
| | - Guocheng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China 250353
| | - Ning Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China 250353
| | - Yaoguang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China 250353
| | - Tianduo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China 250353
| | - FuKe Wang
- Polymeric Materials Department, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis Singapore 138634
| | - Chen Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan No. 336, West Road of Nan Xinzhuang China 250022
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Wang D, Li F, Xu X, Zhong L, Guan C, Gao Y, Jiang W, Liang H. Brittle ductile transition of POE toughened HDPE and its lowest rigidity loss: effect of HDPE molecular weight. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Qi XD, Yang JH, Zhang N, Huang T, Zhou ZW, Kühnert I, Pötschke P, Wang Y. Selective localization of carbon nanotubes and its effect on the structure and properties of polymer blends. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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30
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Wang L, Xiao W, Zhang Z, Xu B, Liang J, Cao X, Zhao S, Cui J, Gao A, Zhang G, Yan Y. Facile preparation of high-performance and multifunctional PVC-based nanocomposites with segregated structure achieved by volume repulsion and toughening effects of ABS. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Lu X, Cai S, Niu B, Li X, He Q, He X. ADVANCES IN TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS OF RUBBER SURFACE GRAFTING MODIFICATION. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.21.79893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
To meet the requirement in the application of medical devices, composites, biomaterials, corrosion resistance, and selective adsorptions, rubber surface modification is usually indispensable. Grafting treatment is one of most significate treatment methods. In this paper, we focus on rubber surface grafting modification, including grafting techniques and applications. Different grafting methods—including monomer grafting polymerization and coupling reaction—are covered and compared briefly. The related applications of surface grafting modification techniques, such as improving compatibility of waste rubber as fillers, hydrophobicity and lipophilicity of sponge rubber for oil–water separation, biocompatibility of rubber in the medical field, and forming surface patterns, are demonstrated in detail. The new research directions of surface grafting techniques as well as main challenges in application are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Lu
- Southwest Petroleum University, Chendu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwei Cai
- Southwest Petroleum University, Chendu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben Niu
- Southwest Petroleum University, Chendu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Li
- Southwest Petroleum University, Chendu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin He
- Southwest Petroleum University, Chendu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianru He
- Southwest Petroleum University, Chendu, People's Republic of China
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32
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Ji SG, Drzal LT, Cho D. Chemical modification of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets with CTBN rubber and highly enhanced impact strength of vinyl ester resin by them. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Leguizamon SC, Powers J, Ahn J, Dickens S, Lee S, Jones BH. Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation in Rubber-Toughened Amine-Cured Epoxy Resins: Tuning Morphology from the Nano- to Macro-scale. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C. Leguizamon
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Jackson Powers
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Juhong Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Sara Dickens
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Brad H. Jones
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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34
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Stevens MJ. Simulation of polymerization induced phase separation in model thermosets. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:054905. [PMID: 34364328 DOI: 10.1063/5.0061654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerization induced phase separation (PIPS) in a three component thermoset is studied using molecular dynamics simulations of a new coarse-grained thermoset model. The system includes two crosslinker molecules, which differ in their glass transition temperatures (Tg) and chain length and thus have the potential for phase separation. One crosslinker has a high Tg corresponding to a rubbery behavior, and simulations were performed for a short length (4 beads) and a long length (33 beads). The resin and other crosslinker have low Tg. A coarse-grained model is developed with these features and with interaction parameters determined so that for either rubbery crosslinker length, the system is in the liquid state at the cure temperature. For sufficiently slow reaction rates, the long rubbery molecule exhibits PIPS into a bicontinuous array of nanoscale domains, but the short one does not, reproducing recent experimental results. The simulations demonstrate that the reaction rates must be slow enough to allow diffusion to yield phase separation. Particularly, the reaction rate corresponding to the secondary amine must be very slow, else the structure of crosslinked clusters and the substantially increased diffusion time will prevent PIPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Stevens
- Sandia National Laboratories, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1315, USA
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35
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Okoro C, Mohammed Z, Jeelani S, Rangari V. Plasticizing effect of biodegradable dipropylene glycol bibenzoate and epoxidized linseed oil on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A based epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu Okoro
- Department of Material Science and Engineering Tuskegee University Tuskegee Alabama USA
| | - Zaheeruddin Mohammed
- Department of Material Science and Engineering Tuskegee University Tuskegee Alabama USA
| | - Shaik Jeelani
- Department of Material Science and Engineering Tuskegee University Tuskegee Alabama USA
| | - Vijaya Rangari
- Department of Material Science and Engineering Tuskegee University Tuskegee Alabama USA
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36
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Fonseca E, Silva VD, Amico SC, Pupure L, Joffe R, Schrekker HS. Time‐dependent properties of epoxy resin with imidazolium ionic liquid. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fonseca
- PPGE3M Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Vinícius Demétrio Silva
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Sandro Campos Amico
- PPGE3M Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Liva Pupure
- Institute of Structural Engineering and Reconstruction Riga Technical University Riga Latvia
- Division of Materials Science Lulea University of Technology Luleå Sweden
| | - Roberts Joffe
- Division of Materials Science Lulea University of Technology Luleå Sweden
| | - Henri Stephan Schrekker
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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37
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xu Y, Liu X, Guo W. Modification of biobased polyamide 56 to achieve ultra-toughening. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1924198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Zhang
- Department of polymer materials, Institute of Bio-based Materials, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of polymer materials, Institute of Bio-based Materials, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhan Xu
- Department of polymer materials, Institute of Bio-based Materials, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiucai Liu
- Department of polymer materials, Institute of Bio-based Materials, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihong Guo
- Department of polymer materials, Institute of Bio-based Materials, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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38
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Maroufkhani M, Katbab A, Bizhani H, Zhang J. Toward morphology development and impact strength of Co-continuous supertough dynamically vulcanized rubber toughened PLA blends: Effect of sulfur content. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Dai X, Li P, Sui Y, Zhang C. Synthesis and performance of flexible epoxy resin with long alkyl side chains via click reaction. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Peihong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Yanlong Sui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun Jilin China
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40
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A Review of the Polymer for Cryogenic Application: Methods, Mechanisms and Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030320. [PMID: 33498276 PMCID: PMC7863936 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the application of polymer-based composites at cryogenic conditions has become a hot topic, especially in aerospace fields. At cryogenic temperature, the polymer becomes more brittle, and the adverse effect of thermal stress induced by temperature is more remarkable. In this paper, the research development of thermoset and thermoplastic polymers for cryogenic applications are all reviewed. This review considers the literature concerning: (a) the cryogenic performance of modified thermoset polymers and the improving mechanisms of the reported modification methods; (b) the cryogenic application potential of some commercial thermoplastic polymers and the cryogenic performance of modified thermoplastic polymers; (c) the recent advance in the use of polymer for special cryogenic environment-liquid oxygen. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the research development of the polymer for cryogenic application. Moreover, future research directions have been proposed to facilitate its practical applications in aerospace.
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41
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Effects of Coagent Functionalities on Properties of Ultrafine Fully Vulcanized Powdered Natural Rubber Prepared as Toughening Filler in Rigid PVC. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020289. [PMID: 33477520 PMCID: PMC7831084 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafine fully vulcanized powdered natural rubber (UFPNR) has a promising application as a renewable toughening modifier in polymer matrices. In this work, the effects of acrylate coagents, which had different amounts of functional groups, on properties of UFPNR produced by radiation vulcanization and spray-drying was systematically investigated for the first time. Dipropylene glycol diacrylate (DPGDA), trimethylol propane trimethaacrylate (TMPTMA), and ditrimethylol propane tetraacrylate (DTMPTA) were used as coagents with two, three, and four acrylate groups, respectively. The radiation in the range of 250 to 400 kGy and coagent contents of up to 11 phr were used in the production process. Physical, chemical, and thermal properties of the UFPNR were characterized by swelling analysis, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The properties of UFPNR produced by using different type and content of coagents were compared and discussed. The results revealed that UFPNR with the smallest particle size of 3.6 ± 1.1 μm and the highest thermal stability (Td5 = 349 °C) could be obtained by using DTMPTA, which had the highest amount of functional group. It was proposed that the coagent with the greater number of acrylate groups enhanced the crosslinking of natural rubber as it had more reactive groups. Finally, an application of UFPNR as a toughening filler in rigid PVC was demonstrated with 34% improvement of impact strength.
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42
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Tan KS, Longère P, Mat-Jali N. Crack arrest and propagation in impact loaded shock resistant PMMA: mesh-free numerical simulation. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202125002021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of shock resistant RT-PMMA in engineering structures potentially subject to accidental overloading requires an evaluation of its crack arrest capability under impact loading. Based on experimental results obtained from a series of Kalthoff and Winkler (KW)-type impact tests, the present study aims at numerically reproducing the conditions for brittle-like crack initiation and propagation in impact-loaded RT-PMMA. For that purpose, three-dimensional SPH numerical simulations were conducted and the performance of various failure criteria was evaluated. The numerical model together with a combination of stress- and strain- dependent failure criteria were shown to fairly reproduce the experimental results in terms of finite crack advance and orientation.
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43
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Figueira FL, Wu YY, Zhou YN, Luo ZH, Van Steenberge PHM, D'hooge DR. Coupled matrix kinetic Monte Carlo simulations applied for advanced understanding of polymer grafting kinetics. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00407c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An innovative coupled matrix-based Monte Carlo (CMMC) concept has been applied to successfully assess the detailed description of the molecular build-up of linear and non-linear chains in the free-radical induced grafting of linear precursors chains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-Yang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | | | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering (CTSE)
- Ghent University
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44
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Yang DD, Wu C, Wu G, Chen SC, Wang YZ. Toughening of Polylactide with High Tensile Strength via Constructing an Integrative Physical Crosslinking Network Based on Ionic Interactions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Yang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Cong Wu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Gang Wu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Si-Chong Chen
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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45
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Muñoz‐Pascual S, Saiz‐Arroyo C, Vananroye A, Moldenaers P, Rodriguez‐Perez MA. Effect of the elastomer viscosity on the morphology and impact behavior of injection molded foams based on blends of polypropylene and polyolefin elastomers. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Muñoz‐Pascual
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat) Condesed Matter Physics Department, University of Valladolid Valladolid Spain
| | | | - Anja Vananroye
- Soft Matter Rheology and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- Soft Matter Rheology and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Miguel Angel Rodriguez‐Perez
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat) Condesed Matter Physics Department, University of Valladolid Valladolid Spain
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46
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Murphy Z, Kent M, Freeman C, Landge S, Koricho E. Halloysite nanotubes functionalized with epoxy and thiol organosilane groups to improve fracture toughness in nanocomposites. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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47
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Zhao Y, Zhao B, Wei B, Wei Y, Yao J, Zhang H, Chen X, Shao Z. Enhanced compatibility between poly(lactic acid) and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) by incorporation of N-halamine epoxy precursor. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:460-471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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48
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Robust propylene-ethylene copolymer/polypropylene films: Extensional stress-induced orientation realized at low temperature processing. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Li Z, Shi S, Yang F, Cao D, Zhang K, Wang B, Ma Z, Pan L, Li Y. Supertough and Transparent Poly(lactic acid) Nanostructure Blends with Minimal Stiffness Loss. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:13148-13157. [PMID: 32548501 PMCID: PMC7288571 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This contribution is an attempt to explore the effectiveness of a series of newly obtained thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) as a toughening agent for modifying poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The TPEs, including ionically modified isotactic polypropylene-graft-PLA (iPP-g-PLA) copolymers with explicit graft length, graft density, and ionic group content, and an iPP-g-PLA copolymer with a very high molecular weight and explicit graft density, were elaborately designed and synthesized. The semicrystal or rubbery copolymer backbone originated from iPP was designed to improve the toughness and maintain a relatively high strength, while the grafted PLA side chain was to ensure a high level of compatibility with the PLA matrix. To obtain further enhancement in interfacial reinforcement, the imidazolium-based ionic group was also added during graft onto reaction. All of these graft copolymers were identified with randomly distributed PLA branches, bearing a very high molecular weight ((33-398) × 104) and very high PLA content (57.3-89.3 wt %). Unprecedentedly, with a very small amount of newly designed TPE, the modified PLA blends exhibited a significantly increased elongation at break (up to about 190%) and simultaneously retained the very high stiffness and excellent transparency. The nanometer-scale phase-separated particles with good compatibility and refractive index matching to the PLA matrix were demonstrated to play a crucial role in the excellent performance. The findings suggested that the newly designed iPP-g-PLA copolymers are very economic, promising, and effective modifying agents for developing highly transparent and tough PLA-based sustainable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Li
- Tianjin
Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuwen Shi
- Tianjin
Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Tianjin
Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dafu Cao
- Tianjin
Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kunyu Zhang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Tianjin
Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Tianjin
Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Li Pan
- Tianjin
Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Tianjin
Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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Yin B, Xu W, Liu C, Kong M, Lv Y, Huang Y, Yang Q, Li G. Synthesis of poly(ionic liquid) for trifunctional epoxy resin with simultaneously enhancing the toughness, thermal and dielectric performances. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2085-2095. [PMID: 35494607 PMCID: PMC9048971 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10516f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ionic liquid) (PIL), integrating the characteristics of both polymers and ionic liquid, is synthesized and employed to modify diglycidyl-4,5-epoxy-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (TDE-85). With the addition of PIL, the fracture toughness, and thermal and dielectric performances of TDE-85 were discovered to be simultaneously improved, meanwhile the tensile modulus and strength is increased. Upon an optimal loading of 3 wt% PIL, the critical stress intensity factor (K IC), tensile modulus and strength are raised by 92.9%, 13.3% and 10.7%, respectively. Multi-toughening mechanisms due to spherical domains of PIL formed in TDE-85 during curing are responsible for the improved toughness. Moreover, the dielectric and thermal properties of TDE-85 are also enhanced by adding PIL. With the optimal addition of 5 wt% PIL, the dielectric constant of the composites is enhanced by 62.5%, the glass transition temperature is increased by 16.58 °C and the residual weight of carbon is increased by 59%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Yin
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Xu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjun Liu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Miqiu Kong
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Lv
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Yajiang Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
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