1
|
Tushar SI, Anik HR, Uddin MM, Mandal S, Mohakar V, Rai S, Sharma S. Nanocellulose-based porous lightweight materials with flame retardant properties: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122237. [PMID: 38823907 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This review discusses the development and application of nanocellulose (NC)-aerogels, a sustainable and biodegradable biomaterial, with enhanced flame retardant (FR) properties. NC-aerogels combine the excellent physical and mechanical properties of NC with the low density and thermal conductivity of aerogels, making them promising for thermal insulation and other fields. However, the flammability of NC-aerogels limits their use in some applications, such as electromagnetic interference shielding, oil/water separation, and flame-resistant textiles. The review covers the design, fabrication, modification, and working mechanism of NC porous materials, focusing on how advanced technologies can impart FR properties into them. The review also evaluates the FR performance of NC-aerogels by employing widely recognized tests, such as the limited oxygen index, cone calorimeter, and UL-94. The review also explores the integration of innovative and eco-friendly materials, such as MXene, metal-organic frameworks, dopamine, lignin, and alginate, into NC-aerogels, to improve their FR performance and functionality. The review concludes by outlining the potential, challenges, and limitations of future research on FR NC-aerogels, identifying the obstacles and potential solutions, and understanding the current progress and gaps in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shariful Islam Tushar
- Department of Design and Merchandising, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; Department of Apparel Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Tejgaon, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh
| | - Habibur Rahman Anik
- Department of Apparel Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Tejgaon, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh; Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Md Mazbah Uddin
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising, and Interiors, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Dr., Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Sumit Mandal
- Department of Design and Merchandising, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Vijay Mohakar
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising, and Interiors, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Dr., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Smriti Rai
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising, and Interiors, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Dr., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Suraj Sharma
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising, and Interiors, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Dr., Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhang H, Rosqvist E, Lastusaari M, Peltonen J, Vähäsalo L, Xu C, Wang X, Pranovich A. Crystalline nanoxylan from hot water extracted wood xylan at multi-length scale: Molecular assembly from nanocluster hydrocolloids to submicron spheroids. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 335:122089. [PMID: 38616078 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
As a contribution to expand accessibility in the territory of bio-based nanomaterials, we demonstrate a novel material strategy to convert amorphous xylan preserved in wood biomass to hierarchical assemblies of crystalline nanoxylan on a multi-length scale. By reducing the end group in pressurized hot water extracted (PHWE) xylan to primary alcohol as a xylitol form with borohydride reduction, the endwise-peeling depolymerization is effectively impeded in the alkali-catalyzed hydrolytic cleavage of side substitutions in xylan. Nanoprecipitation by a gradual pH decrease resulted in a stable hydrocolloid dispersion in the form of worm-like nanoclusters assembled with primary crystallites, owing to the self-assembly of debranched xylan driven by strong intra- and inter-chain H-bonds. With evaporation-induced self-assembly, we can further construct the hydrocolloids as dry submicron spheroids of crystalline nanoxylan (CNX) with a high average elastic modulus of 47-83 GPa. Taking the advantage that the chain length and homogeneity of PHWE-xylan can be tailored, a structure-performance correlation was established between the structural order in CNX and the phosphorescent emission of this crystalline biopolymer. Rigid clusterization and high crystallinity that are constructed by strong intra- and inter-molecule interactions within the nanoxylan effectively restrict the molecular motion, thereby promoting the emission of ultralong organic phosphorescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Zhang
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Luyao Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Emil Rosqvist
- Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku FI-20500, Finland
| | - Mika Lastusaari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jouko Peltonen
- Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku FI-20500, Finland
| | - Lari Vähäsalo
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland; CH-Bioforce Oy, Espoo FI-02170, Finland
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Andrey Pranovich
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li B, Zhu X, Xu C, Yu J, Fan Y. A tough, reversible and highly sensitive humidity actuator based on cellulose nanofiber films by intercalation modulated plasticization. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 335:122108. [PMID: 38616082 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofiber was an ideal candidate for humidity actuators based on its wide availability, biocompatibility and excellent hydrophilicity. However, conventional cellulose nanofiber-based actuators faced challenges like poor water resistance, flexibility, and sensitivity. Herein, water-resistant, flexible, and highly sensitive cross-linked cellulose nanofibers (CCNF) single-layer humidity actuators with remarkable reversible humidity responsiveness were prepared by combining the green click chemistry modification and intercalation modulated plasticization (IMP). The incorporation of phenyl ring and the crosslinked network structure in CCNF films contributed to its improved water resistance and mechanical properties (with a stress increased from 85.9 ± 3.1 MPa to 141.2 ± 21.5 MPa). SEM analysis confirmed enhanced interlaminar sliding properties facilitated by IMP. This resulted in increased flexibility and toughness of CCNF films, with a strain of 11.5 % and toughness of 9.9 MJ/m3. These improvements efficiently enhanced humidity sensitivity for cellulose nanofiber, with a 4.8-fold increase in bending curvature and a response time of only 3.4 ± 0.1 s. Finally, the good humidity sensitivity of modified CNF can be easily imparted to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via simple self-assembly method, thus leading to a high-performance humidity-responsive actuator. The click chemistry modification and IMP offer a new avenue to fabricate tough, reversible and highly sensitive humidity actuator based on cellulose nanofiber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Chaoqun Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Juan Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu W, Werzer O, Spiliopoulos P, Mihhels K, Jiang Q, Meng Z, Tao H, Resel R, Tammelin T, Pettersson T, Kontturi E. Interfacial Engineering of Soft Matter Substrates by Solid-State Polymer Adsorption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38863159 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Polymer coating to substrates alters surface chemistry and imparts bulk material functionalities with a minute thickness, even in nanoscale. Specific surface modification of a substate usually requires an active substrate that, e.g., undergoes a chemical reaction with the modifying species. Here, we present a generic method for surface modification, namely, solid-state adsorption, occurring purely by entropic strive. Formed by heating above the melting point or glass transition and subsequent rinsing of the excess polymer, the emerging ultrathin (<10 nm) layers are known in fundamental polymer physics but have never been utilized as building blocks for materials and they have never been explored on soft matter substrates. We show with model surfaces as well as bulk substrates, how solid-state adsorption of common polymers, such as polystyrene and poly(lactic acid), can be applied on soft, cellulose-based substrates. Our study showcases the versatility of solid-state adsorption across various polymer/substrate systems. Specifically, we achieve proof-of-concept hydrophobization on flexible cellulosic substrates, maintaining irreversible and miniscule adsorption yet with nearly 100% coverage without compromising the bulk material properties. The method can be considered generic for all polymers whose Tg and Tm are below those of the to-be-coated adsorbed layer, and whose integrity can withstand the solvent leaching conditions. Its full potential has broad implications for diverse materials systems where surface coatings play an important role, such as packaging, foldable electronics, or membrane technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Xu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Oliver Werzer
- Joanneum Research, Institute for Sensors, Photonics and Manufacturing Technologies, Franz-Pichler-Strasse 30, 8160 Weiz, Austria
| | - Panagiotis Spiliopoulos
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Karl Mihhels
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Qixiang Jiang
- Polymer and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zhuojun Meng
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Han Tao
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- Biomass Processing and Products, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Torbjörn Pettersson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang M, Zhu P, Liu J, Zhang H, Tang Y. Introducing terminal alkyne groups at the reducing end of cellulose nanocrystals by aldimine condensation for further click reaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131983. [PMID: 38777685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, click reactions with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) participation have gradually become a research hotspot. Carboxylamine condensation is the most used method to introduce terminal alkyne groups at the reducing end of CNC as reaction sites for click reactions. However, hydroxyl groups on CNC surface would be slightly oxidized during the carboxyamine condensation process, inducing the potential positions of introduced alkynes would be not only at the reducing end but also on CNC surface. Here, aldimine condensation was proposed to introduce terminal alkyne groups just at the reducing end of CNC, and a systematic comparison analysis was conducted with carboxylamine condensation. Firstly, the selectivity and extent of alkynylation were characterized by XPS and EA. Secondly, the end aldehyde content in these CNC samples was measured by the BCA method, which quantitatively explained the grafting efficiency of aldimine condensation and further verified its feasibility. Thirdly, the clickability of the modified CNC samples was confirmed through XPS analysis of the products after a pre-designed click reaction. In sum, aldimine condensation was proven to be a simple and effective strategy for introducing terminal alkyne groups at the reducing end of CNC, which could be used as reaction sites for further click reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Shengzhou Innovation Research Institute, Shengzhou 312400, China.
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Sunrise New Material Research Institute, Shengzhou, Zhejiang 312400, China
| | - Huapeng Zhang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Yanjun Tang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khorsandi D, Jenson S, Zarepour A, Khosravi A, Rabiee N, Iravani S, Zarrabi A. Catalytic and biomedical applications of nanocelluloses: A review of recent developments. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131829. [PMID: 38677670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses exhibit immense potential in catalytic and biomedical applications. Their unique properties, biocompatibility, and versatility make them valuable in various industries, contributing to advancements in environmental sustainability, catalysis, energy conversion, drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensing/imaging, and wound healing/dressings. Nanocellulose-based catalysts can efficiently remove pollutants from contaminated environments, contributing to sustainable and cleaner ecosystems. These materials can also be utilized as drug carriers, enabling targeted and controlled drug release. Their high surface area allows for efficient loading of therapeutic agents, while their biodegradability ensures safer and gradual release within the body. These targeted drug delivery systems enhance the efficacy of treatments and minimizes side effects. Moreover, nanocelluloses can serve as scaffolds in tissue engineering due to their structural integrity and biocompatibility. They provide a three-dimensional framework for cell growth and tissue regeneration, promoting the development of functional and biologically relevant tissues. Nanocellulose-based dressings have shown great promise in wound healing and dressings. Their ability to absorb exudates, maintain a moist environment, and promote cell proliferation and migration accelerates the wound healing process. Herein, the recent advancements pertaining to the catalytic and biomedical applications of nanocelluloses and their composites are deliberated, focusing on important challenges, advantages, limitations, and future prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danial Khorsandi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Serena Jenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - Arezoo Khosravi
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul 34959, Türkiye
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Independent Researcher, W Nazar ST, Boostan Ave, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Türkiye; Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang F, Hu Z, Ouyang S, Wang S, Liu Y, Li M, Wu Y, Li Z, Qian J, Wu Z, Zhao Z, Wang L, Jia C, Ma S. Application progress of nanocellulose in food packaging: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131936. [PMID: 38692533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing environmental and ecological problems caused by petroleum-based packaging materials, the focus has gradually shifted to natural resources for the preparation of functional food packaging materials. In addition to biodegradable properties, nanocellulose (NC) mechanical properties, and rich surface chemistry are also fascinating and desired to be one of the most probable green packaging materials. In this review, we firstly introduce the recent progress of novel applications of NC in food packaging, including intelligent packaging, nano(bio)sensors, and nano-paper; secondly, we focus on the modification techniques of NC to summarize the properties (antimicrobial, mechanical, hydrophobic, antioxidant, and so on) that are required for food packaging, to expand the new synthetic methods and application areas. After presenting all the latest advances related to material design and sustainable applications, an overview summarizing the safety of NC is presented to promote a continuous and healthy movement of NC toward the field of truly sustainable packaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feijie Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Advanced Manufacturing Equipment Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zihan Hu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Advanced Manufacturing Equipment Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shiqiang Ouyang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Advanced Manufacturing Equipment Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Suyang Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Advanced Manufacturing Equipment Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yichi Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Advanced Manufacturing Equipment Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Advanced Manufacturing Equipment Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yiting Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Advanced Manufacturing Equipment Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Advanced Manufacturing Equipment Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Advanced Manufacturing Equipment Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Advanced Manufacturing Equipment Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhao
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Advanced Manufacturing Equipment Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Chao Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Shufeng Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chang Z, Liang D, Sun S, Zheng S, Sun K, Wang H, Chen Y, Guo D, Zhao H, Sha L, Jiang W. Innovative modification of cellulose fibers for paper-based electrode materials using metal-organic coordination polymers. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130599. [PMID: 38442834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Cellulosic paper-based electrode materials have attracted increasing attention in the field of flexible supercapacitor. As a conductive polymer, polyaniline exhibits high theoretical pseudocapacitive capacitance and has been applied in paper-based electrode materials along with cellulose fibers. However, the stacking of polyaniline usually leads to poor performance of electrodes. In this study, metal-organic coordination polymers of zirconium-alizarin red S and zirconium-phytic acid are applied to modulate the polyaniline layer to obtain high-performance cellulosic paper-based electrode materials. Zirconium hydroxide is firstly loaded on cellulose fibers while alizarin red S and phytic acid are introduced to regulate the morphology of polyaniline through doping and coordination processes. The results show that the introduction of dual coordination polymers is effective to regulate the morphology of polyaniline on cellulose fibers. The performances of the paper-based electrode materials, including electrical conductivity and electrochemistry, are apparently improved. It provides a promising strategy for the potential development of economical and green electrode materials in the conventional paper-making process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Chang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Dingqiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Shirong Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Shuo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Kexin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yanguang Chen
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Daliang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Huifang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Lizheng Sha
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Wenyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carvalho APAD, Értola R, Conte-Junior CA. Nanocellulose-based platforms as a multipurpose carrier for drug and bioactive compounds: From active packaging to transdermal and anticancer applications. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123851. [PMID: 38272194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The nanocellulose has unique characteristics, such as biocompatibility, good mechanical strength, and low cytotoxicity. The nanocellulose crystalline portion is responsible for good mechanical resistance, while the amorphous portion is responsible for flexibility. Such features make it a promising candidate for multiple applications related to the modulation of substance release: targeted cancer therapy, transdermal drug delivery, and controlled-release packaging materials. Thus, in this study, we discussed nanocellulose as a multipurpose material for drug delivery and bioactive compound carriers in controlled delivery systems with varied applications in pharmaceutic fields. Herein, we focus on understanding key factors such as i) polymer-drug interactions and surface modification strategies in controlled release rates, ii) therapeutic efficacy, and iii) biocompatibility aspects. The tunable chemistry surface plays a fundamental approach limiting the quick release of active substances in drug delivery systems. Several works on a pre-clinical stage of investigation were overviewed, reporting robust evidence on nanocellulose to design bioactive compounds/drug delivery carriers based on stimuli-responsive drug release and controlled delivery systems for higher efficiency in cancer therapies, purposing target therapy and reduced side effects. Nanocellulose was also identified as a solid candidate material in active packaging for pharmaceutical products. Cellulose nanocrystals and bacterial cellulose demonstrated strong potential to overcome the challenge of controlled release profile and open novel insights in advanced active packaging materials for pharmaceutics with controlled release of antioxidant and antimicrobial substances. Moreover, the concept overview in this work might be extended in active food packaging technologies to flavor-releasing/absorbing systems or antimicrobial/antioxidant carriers for extending the shelf life of foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paula Azevedo de Carvalho
- Research Support Group on Nanomaterials, Polymers, and Interaction with Biosystems (BioNano), Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941909, Brazil; Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941598, Brazil; Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20020-000, Brazil; Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941909, Brazil.
| | - Raphael Értola
- Research Support Group on Nanomaterials, Polymers, and Interaction with Biosystems (BioNano), Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941909, Brazil; Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941598, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Research Support Group on Nanomaterials, Polymers, and Interaction with Biosystems (BioNano), Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941909, Brazil; Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941598, Brazil; Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20020-000, Brazil; Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941909, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jaouahar M, Ablouh EH, Hanani Z, Jaklič B, Spreitzer M, Semlali FZ, Ait Benhamou A, Samih Y, El Achaby M, Sehaqui H. Preparation and characterization of sulfated nanocellulose: From hydrogels to highly transparent films. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129464. [PMID: 38232892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on the production of sulfated cellulose microfibers and nanocellulose hydrogels from native cellulose microfibers (CMF). The process involves using a combination of H2SO4 and urea, resulting in highly sulfated cellulose microfiber hydrogel (SC) with notable properties such as a sulfur content of 7.5 %, a degree of sulfation of 0.49, a surface charge content of 2.2 mmol. g-1, and a high yield of 81 %. The SC hydrogel can be easily fibrillated into sulfated nanocellulose hydrogel (S-NC) with elongated nanocellulose structures having an average diameter of 6.85 ± 3.11 nm, as determined using atomic force microscopy (AFM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirms the presence of sulfate groups on the surface of the nanocellulose material. Transparent films with good mechanical properties can be produced from both cellulose microfiber and nanocellulose hydrogels. The sulfate functionality gives the hydrogel attractive rheological properties and makes S-NC re-dispersible in water, which can be beneficial for various applications. This study demonstrates the potential of this process to address previous challenges related to nanocellulose materials production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Jaouahar
- Materials Science, Energy, and Nanoengineering (MSN) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco.
| | - El-Houssaine Ablouh
- Materials Science, Energy, and Nanoengineering (MSN) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco.
| | - Zouhair Hanani
- Advanced Materials Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Jaklič
- Advanced Materials Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaz Spreitzer
- Advanced Materials Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Fatima-Zahra Semlali
- Materials Science, Energy, and Nanoengineering (MSN) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Anass Ait Benhamou
- Materials Science, Energy, and Nanoengineering (MSN) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Youssef Samih
- Materials Science, Energy, and Nanoengineering (MSN) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Mounir El Achaby
- Materials Science, Energy, and Nanoengineering (MSN) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Houssine Sehaqui
- Materials Science, Energy, and Nanoengineering (MSN) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Saddique A, Kim JC, Bae J, Cheong IW. Low-temperature, ultra-fast, and recyclable self-healing nanocomposites reinforced with non-solvent silylated modified cellulose nanocrystals. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127984. [PMID: 37951429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing polymeric materials with remarkable mechanical properties and fast self-healing performance even at low temperatures is challenging. Herein, the polymeric nanocomposites containing silane-treated cellulose nanocrystals (SCNC) with ultrafast self-healing and exceptional mechanical characteristics were developed even at low temperatures. First, CNC is modified with a cyclic silane coupling agent using an eco-friendly chemical vapor deposition method. The nanocomposite was then fabricated by blending SCNC with matrix prepolymer, prepared from monomers that possess lower critical solution temperature, followed by the inclusion of dibutyltin dilaurate and hexamethylene diisocyanate. The self-healing capability of the novel SCNC/polymer nanocomposites was enhanced remarkably by increasing the content of SCNC (0-3 wt%) and reaching (≥99 %) at temperatures (5 & 25 °C) within <20 min. Moreover, SCNC-3 showed a toughness of (2498 MJ/m3) and SCNC-5 displayed a robust tensile strength of (22.94 ± 0.4 MPa) whereas SCNC-0 exhibited a lower tensile strength (7.4 ± 03 MPa) and toughness of (958 MJ/m3). Additionally, the nanocomposites retain their original mechanical properties after healing at temperatures (5 & 25 °C) owing to the formation of hydrogen bonds via incorporation of the SCNC. These novel SCNC-based self-healable nanocomposites with tunable mechanical properties offer novel insight into preparing damage and temperature-responsive flexible and wearable devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anam Saddique
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Kim
- Department of Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinhye Bae
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - In Woo Cheong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Amanda P, Ismadi I, Ningrum RS, Nabila S, Prasetyo KW. Carrageenan functional film integrated with Pickering Emulsion of Oregano Oil Stabilized by Cationic Nanocellulose for Active Packaging. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2024; 30:61-72. [PMID: 36259322 DOI: 10.1177/10820132221132912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Consumers are worried about potential contaminants, especially during any pandemic event, and are demanding more biodegradable food packaging with little to no chemical preservatives. This study aims to prepare carrageenan film containing essential oil with antibacterial properties. Oregano essential oil is successfully added into the carrageenan-based film using the Pickering emulsion method with cationic nanocellulose as stabilizer. The positive charge of nanocellulose enhances the stability of emulsion through strong electrostatic interaction with the Oregano Oil. FTIR spectra and SEM micrographs show the Oregano Pickering emulsion (OrePE) well dispersed in the polymer matrix and good compatibility with carrageenan film. The mechanical and thermal properties of carrageenan film were only slightly affected by the addition of OrePE. The tensile strength of films significantly decreased, whereas the elongation break increased following the addition of OrePE. Moreover, the addition of OrePE to the carageen film provides inhibitory effects on gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram negative (E. coli) bacteria. This innovative incorporation of essential oil into biopolymer films by Pickering emulsion technology may have implications for extending the shelf life of food products which is indicates that the material has the potential to be used in active packaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Putri Amanda
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproduct, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Ismadi Ismadi
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproduct, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Riska Surya Ningrum
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproduct, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Syarifah Nabila
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Kurnia Wiji Prasetyo
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproduct, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arslan ON, Güntürkün D, Göksu YA, Altınbay A, Özer HÖ, Nofar M. Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) modified cellulose nanocrystals and their PBAT-based nanocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126851. [PMID: 37709232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Melt processing of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) reinforced nanocomposites is still a serious challenge due to the hydrophilic nature of CNCs and their severe agglomeration tendency within the polymer melt. In this study, chemical modification of CNC through grafting poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) with various degrees was implemented. Wettability of the modified CNCs (mCNCs) were controlled and their structure was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The nanocomposites of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) with 3 wt% CNC and mCNC were prepared using an internal melt mixer. To differentiate the effects of CNC and PGMA molecules on the final properties of nanocomposites, PBAT/PGMA compounds were separately prepared. To confirm the chain characterization and molecular weight of the synthesized PGMAs, 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis were conducted. Melt rheological analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), DSC, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to monitor the mCNC dispersion quality and the effect of PGMA modification in PBAT compounds. The results revealed that grafting CNC with longer PGMA considerably improved the CNCs' dispersion quality within PBAT. Such dispersion enhancement of long-chain mCNCs and interfacial interaction of PGMA and PBAT resulted in a noticeable increase in storage modulus and complex viscosity of the final nanocomposites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onur N Arslan
- Sustainable & Green Plastics Laboratory, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Dilara Güntürkün
- Sustainable & Green Plastics Laboratory, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Yonca Alkan Göksu
- Sustainable & Green Plastics Laboratory, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Aylin Altınbay
- Sustainable & Green Plastics Laboratory, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul 34220, Turkey
| | - H Özgür Özer
- Physics Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Letters Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Mohammadreza Nofar
- Sustainable & Green Plastics Laboratory, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang H, Zheng H, Duan Y, Xu T, Xie H, Du H, Si C. Nanocellulose-graphene composites: Preparation and applications in flexible electronics. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126903. [PMID: 37714239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the pursuit of high-performance nano-flexible electronic composites has led researchers to focus on nanocellulose-graphene composites. Nanocellulose has garnered widespread interest due to its exceptional properties and unique structure, such as renewability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. However, nanocellulose materials are deficient in electrical conductivity, which limits their applications in flexible electronics. On the other hand, graphene boasts remarkable properties, including a high specific surface area, robust mechanical strength, and high electrical conductivity, making it a promising carbon-based nanomaterial. Consequently, research efforts have intensified in exploring the preparation of graphene-nanocellulose flexible electronic composites. Although there have been studies on the application of nanocellulose and graphene, there is still a lack of comprehensive information on the application of nanocellulose/graphene in flexible electronic composites. This review examines the recent developments in nanocellulose/graphene flexible electronic composites and their applications. In this review, the preparation of nanocellulose/graphene flexible electronic composites from three aspects: composite films, aerogels, and hydrogels are first introduced. Next, the recent applications of nanocellulose/graphene flexible electronic composites were summarized including sensors, supercapacitors, and electromagnetic shielding. Finally, the challenges and future directions in this emerging field was discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hongjun Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yaxin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Hongxiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Haishun Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Chuanling Si
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bi S, Zhang Z, Yang Z, Shen Z, Cai J, Hu J, Jin H, Qiu T, Yu P, Tan B. Protein modified cellulose nanocrystals on reinforcement and self-driven biodegradation of aliphatic polyester. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 322:121312. [PMID: 37839828 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the highly environment-dependent biodegradation and uncontrolled degradation period, the long-run feasibility and effectiveness of biodegradable polymers are extensively questioned to solve plastics waste accumulation and pollution problems. This work physically incorporated lipase PS from Burkholderia cepacian on cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and embedded it in polycaprolactone (PCL) to construct stable and controllable interfacial microenvironment between CNC and PCL for the reinforcement and controllable self-driven biodegradation. The physical adsorption of lipase PS on CNC was studied by monitoring the surface charge and particle size. FT-IR spectra confirmed the successful incorporation of lipase PS and CNC. Compared with CNC, protein-modified CNC had a higher maximum thermal decomposition temperature of 345 °C and lower interfacial tension of 11 mN/m with PCL which provided PCL composites with higher nucleation efficiency and tensile elongation of 1086 % at break. In addition, only 0.67 % embedded lipase PS completely hydrolyzed PCL membranes in <140 h. The post-compression molding at 80-100 °C had negligible influence on the lipase activity, which indicated that CNC could protect the lipase from inactivation in polymer extrusion and compression. This work also highlighted protein-modified CNC as a new technology for polymer reinforcement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Bi
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China; New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China; Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China.
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China; New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Zitong Shen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Jiahui Cai
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Jintao Hu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Haoxiang Jin
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Tianhao Qiu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China; New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China; Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350011, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Carvalho Benini KCC, Marotti BDS, Arantes V. Hydrophobic enzymatic cellulose nanocrystals via a novel, one-pot green method. Carbohydr Res 2023; 534:108970. [PMID: 37864853 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a rapidly growing bionanomaterial with remarkable properties that have been harnessed in various applications, including mechanical reinforcement, biomedical materials, and coatings. However, for non-water-based applications, hydrophobization of CNCs while preserving their integrity is crucial. In this study, we propose a new eco-friendly, one-pot surface esterification method for hydrophobizing enzymatic CNCs in aqueous suspension without solvent exchange. By establishing an appropriate set of reaction conditions, it was possible to create a miscibility gradient that enabled a low-cost, and renewable fatty acid to be utilized as an acyl donor and solvent, allowing direct hydrophobic modification of the as-produced aqueous suspension of enzymatic CNC. FT-IR and AFM-IR analyses confirmed the formation of ester groups, while 13C NMR confirmed the emergence of carboxyl groups. XPS revealed a high degree of surface substitution (0.39) in the modified CNC, while a substantial increase in contact angle (from 40 to approximately 90°) quantitatively confirmed the high efficiency of the enzymatic CNC's hydrophobic modification. Additionally, important properties such as morphology remained practically unchanged, except for a slight increase in thermal stability and crystallinity of the CNCs. Therefore, hydrophobic enzymatic CNCs were successfully produced via a simple, scalable, and environmentally friendly approach without compromising their properties. These hydrophobic CNCs have the potential to enhance nanocomposite compatibility, improve packaging performance for electronics and foods, optimize adhesion in coatings, and offer advancements in cosmetics and drug delivery. However, comprehensive studies are needed to confirm their applicability across these sectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Cristina Coelho de Carvalho Benini
- Laboratory of Applied Bionanotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, 12602-810, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Braz de Souza Marotti
- Laboratory of Applied Bionanotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, 12602-810, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valdeir Arantes
- Laboratory of Applied Bionanotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, 12602-810, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu C, Li B, Yu J, Hu L, Jia P, Fan Y, Lu C, Chu F. Tough and strong sustainable thermoplastic elastomers nanocomposite with self-assembly of SI-ATRP modified cellulose nanofibers. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121160. [PMID: 37567704 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The ingenious design of sustainable thermoplastic elastomers (STPEs) is of great significance for the goal of the sustainable development. However, the preparation of STPEs with good mechanical performance is still complicated and challenging. Herein, to achieve a simple preparation of STPEs with strong mechanical properties, two biobased monomers (tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFMA) and lauryl methacrylate (LMA)) were copolymerized into poly (THFMA-co-LMA) (PTL) and grafted onto TEMPO oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN) via one-pot surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI ATRP). The grafting modified TOCN could be self-assembled into nano-enhanced phases in STPEs, which are conducive to the double enhancement of the strength and toughness of the STPEs, and the size of nano-enhanced phases is mainly affected by TOCN fiber length and molecular weight of grafting chains. Especially, with the addition of 7 wt% TOCN, tensile strength, tensile strain, toughness, and glass transition temperature (Tg) of TOCN based STPEs (TOCN@PTL) exhibited 140 %, 36 %, 215 %, and 6.8 °C increase respectively, which confirmed the leading level in the field of bio-based elastomers. In general, this work constitutes a proof for the chemical modification and self-assembly behavior of TOCN by one-pot SI ATRP, and provides an alternative strategy for the preparation of high-performance STPEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Xu
- Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, China.
| | - Bowen Li
- Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, China.
| | - Juan Yu
- Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lihong Hu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), No 16, Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, China.
| | - Puyou Jia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), No 16, Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yimin Fan
- Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chuanwei Lu
- Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fuxiang Chu
- Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, China; Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), No 16, Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Torlopov MA, Martakov IS, Mikhaylov VI, Cherednichenko KA, Sitnikov PА. Synthesis and properties of thiol-modified CNC via surface tosylation. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121169. [PMID: 37567709 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
SH-containing polymers and nanoparticles are a significant direction in the creation of novel materials. The aim of this work is the synthesis of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) with a surface modified by tosyl functions (CNC-Ts) and their further modification into SH-containing nanocrystals (CNC-SH). CNC-Ts were synthesized in an aqueous-organic emulsion from never-dried particles, while maintaining the size and supramolecular structure of CNC; the content of Ts-functions is up to 2.5 mmol·g-1. Structure of the derivatives was analyzed by TEM, XRD, CP/MAS 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopies. Nucleophilic substitution and hydrolysis of the obtained thioisouronium salts leads to the production of CNC-SH. To quantify SH-groups we used elemental analysis, potentiometric titration and Folin-Ciocalteu and Ellman's reagents. It is shown that SH-groups on the surface are partially oxidized and are involved in a dense network of hydrogen bonds. Rheological properties of CNC-SH hydrosols are close to those of CNC, addition of H2O2 at acidic pH leads to an increase in viscosity of the system; H2O2 added at neutral pH causes opposite effect - viscosity decreases. CNC-SH have a high capacity for sorption of Cr(VI) in acidic environments and exhibit photoreductive properties under UV irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Torlopov
- Institute of Chemistry of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre, the Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences", 167982, 48 Pervomayskaya st., Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
| | - Ilia S Martakov
- Institute of Chemistry of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre, the Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences", 167982, 48 Pervomayskaya st., Syktyvkar, Russian Federation.
| | - Vasily I Mikhaylov
- Institute of Chemistry of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre, the Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences", 167982, 48 Pervomayskaya st., Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
| | | | - Petr А Sitnikov
- Institute of Chemistry of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre, the Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences", 167982, 48 Pervomayskaya st., Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pacheco A, Evangelista-Osorio A, Muchaypiña-Flores KG, Marzano-Barreda LA, Paredes-Concepción P, Palacin-Baldeón H, Dos Santos MSN, Tres MV, Zabot GL, Olivera-Montenegro L. Polymeric Materials Obtained by Extrusion and Injection Molding from Lignocellulosic Agroindustrial Biomass. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4046. [PMID: 37896290 PMCID: PMC10610583 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents the advances in polymeric materials achieved by extrusion and injection molding from lignocellulosic agroindustrial biomass. Biomass, which is derived from agricultural and industrial waste, is a renewable and abundant feedstock that contains mainly cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. To improve the properties and functions of polymeric materials, cellulose is subjected to a variety of modifications. The most common modifications are surface modification, grafting, chemical procedures, and molecule chemical grafting. Injection molding and extrusion technologies are crucial in shaping and manufacturing polymer composites, with precise control over the process and material selection. Furthermore, injection molding involves four phases: plasticization, injection, cooling, and ejection, with a focus on energy efficiency. Fundamental aspects of an injection molding machine, such as the motor, hopper, heating units, nozzle, and clamping unit, are discussed. Extrusion technology, commonly used as a preliminary step to injection molding, presents challenges regarding fiber reinforcement and stress accumulation, while lignin-based polymeric materials are challenging due to their hydrophobicity. The diverse applications of these biodegradable materials include automotive industries, construction, food packaging, and various consumer goods. Polymeric materials are positioned to offer even bigger contributions to sustainable and eco-friendly solutions in the future, as research and development continues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ada Pacheco
- Bioprocesses and Biomass Conversion Research Group, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, La Molina 15024, Peru; (A.P.); (A.E.-O.); (K.G.M.-F.); (L.A.M.-B.); (H.P.-B.)
| | - Arian Evangelista-Osorio
- Bioprocesses and Biomass Conversion Research Group, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, La Molina 15024, Peru; (A.P.); (A.E.-O.); (K.G.M.-F.); (L.A.M.-B.); (H.P.-B.)
| | - Katherine Gabriela Muchaypiña-Flores
- Bioprocesses and Biomass Conversion Research Group, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, La Molina 15024, Peru; (A.P.); (A.E.-O.); (K.G.M.-F.); (L.A.M.-B.); (H.P.-B.)
| | - Luis Alejandro Marzano-Barreda
- Bioprocesses and Biomass Conversion Research Group, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, La Molina 15024, Peru; (A.P.); (A.E.-O.); (K.G.M.-F.); (L.A.M.-B.); (H.P.-B.)
| | - Perla Paredes-Concepción
- Grupo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación en Alimentos, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, La Molina 15024, Peru;
| | - Heidy Palacin-Baldeón
- Bioprocesses and Biomass Conversion Research Group, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, La Molina 15024, Peru; (A.P.); (A.E.-O.); (K.G.M.-F.); (L.A.M.-B.); (H.P.-B.)
| | - Maicon Sérgio Nascimento Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria, 1040 Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, Santa Maria 96508-010, RS, Brazil; (M.S.N.D.S.); (M.V.T.); (G.L.Z.)
| | - Marcus Vinícius Tres
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria, 1040 Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, Santa Maria 96508-010, RS, Brazil; (M.S.N.D.S.); (M.V.T.); (G.L.Z.)
| | - Giovani Leone Zabot
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria, 1040 Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, Santa Maria 96508-010, RS, Brazil; (M.S.N.D.S.); (M.V.T.); (G.L.Z.)
| | - Luis Olivera-Montenegro
- Bioprocesses and Biomass Conversion Research Group, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, La Molina 15024, Peru; (A.P.); (A.E.-O.); (K.G.M.-F.); (L.A.M.-B.); (H.P.-B.)
- Grupo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación en Alimentos, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, La Molina 15024, Peru;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yadav C, Lee JM, Mohanty P, Li X, Jang WD. Graft onto approaches for nanocellulose-based advanced functional materials. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15108-15145. [PMID: 37712254 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03087c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The resurgence of cellulose as nano-dimensional 'nanocellulose' has unlocked a sustainable bioeconomy for the development of advanced functional biomaterials. Bestowed with multifunctional attributes, such as renewability and abundance of its source, biodegradability, biocompatibility, superior mechanical, optical, and rheological properties, tunable self-assembly and surface chemistry, nanocellulose presents exclusive opportunities for a wide range of novel applications. However, to alleviate its intrinsic hydrophilicity-related constraints surface functionalization is inevitably needed to foster various targeted applications. The abundant surface hydroxyl groups on nanocellulose offer opportunities for grafting small molecules or macromolecular entities using either a 'graft onto' or 'graft from' approach, resulting in materials with distinctive functionalities. Most of the reviews published to date extensively discussed 'graft from' modification approaches, however 'graft onto' approaches are not well discussed. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of 'graft onto' approaches. Furthermore, insight into some of the recently emerging applications of this grafted nanocellulose including advanced nanocomposite formulation, stimuli-responsive materials, bioimaging, sensing, biomedicine, packaging, and wastewater treatment has also been reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandravati Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Paritosh Mohanty
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Xinping Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen J, Xing Y, Bai X, Xue M, Shi Q, Li B. Strong Bioactive Glass-Based Hybrid Implants with Good Biomineralization Activity Used to Reduce Formation Duration and Improve Biomechanics of Bone Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3497. [PMID: 37688122 PMCID: PMC10489730 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing bioactive implants with strong mechanical properties and biomineralization activity is critical in bone repair. In this work, modified cellulose nanofiber (mCNF)-reinforced bioactive glass (BG)-polycaprolactone (PCL) hybrids (mCNF-BP) with strong biomechanics and good apatite formation ability were reported. Incorporating mCNFs shortens the forming duration of the hybrid films and enhances the biomechanical performance and in vitro apatite-formation capability. The optimized biomechanical performance of the optimal hybrid materials is produced at a relatively high mCNF content (1.0 wt%), including a considerably higher modulus of elasticity (948.65 ± 74.06 MPa). In addition, the biomineralization activity of mCNF-BP hybrids is also tailored with the increase in the mCNF contents. The mCNF-BP with 1.5 wt% and 2.0 wt% mCNFs demonstrate the best biomineralization activity after immersing in simulated body fluid for 3 days. This study suggests that mCNFs are efficient bioactive additive to reinforce BG-based hybrids' mechanical properties and biomineralization activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University, Xi’an 710065, China; (X.B.); (M.X.); (Q.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Yonglei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xiaozhuan Bai
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University, Xi’an 710065, China; (X.B.); (M.X.); (Q.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Min Xue
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University, Xi’an 710065, China; (X.B.); (M.X.); (Q.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Qi Shi
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University, Xi’an 710065, China; (X.B.); (M.X.); (Q.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Beibei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University, Xi’an 710065, China; (X.B.); (M.X.); (Q.S.); (B.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Garavand F, Nooshkam M, Khodaei D, Yousefi S, Cacciotti I, Ghasemlou M. Recent advances in qualitative and quantitative characterization of nanocellulose-reinforced nanocomposites: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102961. [PMID: 37515865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose has received immense consideration owing to its valuable inherent traits and impressive physicochemical properties such as biocompatibility, thermal stability, non-toxicity, and tunable surface chemistry. These features have inspired researchers to deploy nanocellulose as nanoscale reinforcement materials for bio-based polymers. A simple yet efficient characterization method is often required to gain insights into the effectiveness of various types of nanocellulose. Despite a decade of continuous research and booming growth in scientific publications, nanocellulose research lacks a measuring tool that can characterize its features with acceptable speed and reliability. Implementing reliable characterization techniques is critical to monitor the specifications of nanocellulose alone or in the final product. Many techniques have been developed aiming to measure the nano-reinforcement mechanisms of nanocellulose in polymer composites. This review gives a full account of the scientific underpinnings of techniques that can characterize the shape and arrangement of nanocellulose. This review aims to deliver consolidated details on the properties and characteristics of nanocellulose in biopolymer composite materials to improve various structural, mechanical, barrier and thermal properties. We also present a comprehensive description of the safety features of nanocellulose before and after being loaded within biopolymeric matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Garavand
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - Majid Nooshkam
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Diako Khodaei
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Ireland.
| | - Shima Yousefi
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ilaria Cacciotti
- Department of Engineering, INSTM RU, University of Rome 'Niccolò Cusano', Rome, Italy.
| | - Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Durmaz E, Sertkaya S, Yilmaz H, Olgun C, Ozcelik O, Tozluoglu A, Candan Z. Lignocellulosic Bionanomaterials for Biosensor Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1450. [PMID: 37512761 PMCID: PMC10384395 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The rapid population growth, increasing global energy demand, climate change, and excessive use of fossil fuels have adversely affected environmental management and sustainability. Furthermore, the requirements for a safer ecology and environment have necessitated the use of renewable materials, thereby solving the problem of sustainability of resources. In this perspective, lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive natural resource because of its abundance, renewability, recyclability, and low cost. The ever-increasing developments in nanotechnology have opened up new vistas in sensor fabrication such as biosensor design for electronics, communication, automobile, optical products, packaging, textile, biomedical, and tissue engineering. Due to their outstanding properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, improved electrical and thermal conductivity, high physical and mechanical properties, high surface area and catalytic activity, lignocellulosic bionanomaterials including nanocellulose and nanolignin emerge as very promising raw materials to be used in the development of high-impact biosensors. In this article, the use of lignocellulosic bionanomaterials in biosensor applications is reviewed and major challenges and opportunities are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekrem Durmaz
- Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, Kastamonu University, 37200 Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Selva Sertkaya
- Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, Duzce University, 81620 Duzce, Turkey
| | - Hande Yilmaz
- Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, Duzce University, 81620 Duzce, Turkey
| | - Cagri Olgun
- Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, Kastamonu University, 37200 Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Orhan Ozcelik
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, 06010 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Tozluoglu
- Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, Duzce University, 81620 Duzce, Turkey
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group & BioNanoTeam, 34473 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeki Candan
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group & BioNanoTeam, 34473 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, 34473 Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Paul J, Ahankari SS. Nanocellulose-based aerogels for water purification: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 309:120677. [PMID: 36906371 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Water purification using thin membranes at high pressures through adsorption and size exclusion is the widely used mechanism due to its simplicity and enhanced efficiency compared to other traditional water purification methods. Aerogels have the potential to replace conventional thin membranes considering their unmatched adsorption/absorption capacity and higher water flux due to their unique highly porous (99 %) 3D structure, ultra-low density (~1.1 to 500 mg/cm3), and very high surface area. The availability of a large number of functional groups, surface tunability, hydrophilicity, tensile strength and flexibility of nanocellulose (NC) makes it a potential candidate for aerogel preparation. This review discusses the preparation and employment of NC-based aerogels in the removal of dyes, metal ions and oils/organic solvents. It also offers recent updates on the effect of various parameters that enhance its adsorption/absorption performance. The future perspectives of NC aerogels and their performance with the emerging materials chitosan and graphene oxide are also compared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyel Paul
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sandeep S Ahankari
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nanocellulose-based sensors in medical/clinical applications: The state-of-the-art review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 304:120509. [PMID: 36641173 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the considerable importance of healthcare and the indispensable appeal of curative issues, particularly the diagnosis of diseases, have propelled the invention of sensing platforms. With the development of nanotechnology, the integration of nanomaterials in such platforms has been much focused on, boosting their functionality in many fields. In this direction, there has been rapid growth in the utilisation of nanocellulose in sensors with medical applications. Indeed, this natural nanomaterial benefits from striking features, such as biocompatibility, cytocompatibility and low toxicity, as well as unprecedented physical and chemical properties. In this review, different classifications of nanocellulose-based sensors (biosensors, chemical and physical sensors), alongside some subcategories manufactured for health monitoring, stand out. Moreover, the types of nanocellulose and their roles in such sensors are discussed.
Collapse
|
26
|
Probing into the nucleation and reinforcing effects of poly (vinyl acetate) grafted cellulose nanocrystals in melt-processed poly (lactic acid) nanocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123421. [PMID: 36731697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Blending poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to fabricate nanocomposites is a valuable strategy to improve the properties of PLA without sacrificing its biodegradability. However, the nucleation and reinforcing mechanisms of CNCs for semi-crystalline PLA matrix are still elusive in melt-processed PLA/CNC nanocomposites. Herein, poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc) chains were grafted onto the surface of CNCs via an efficient radical polymerization in an aqueous medium, making CNCs suitable for conventional melting processing techniques. It is found that the dispersion state of CNCs in the PLA matrix and the interface interaction between PLA and CNCs can be tailored by varying the PVAc grafting density. Further studies show that well-dispersed CNCs play a positive role in reinforcing PLA. But unexpectedly, the nucleation effect is suppressed even though the homogeneous dispersion of CNCs is achieved with higher PVAc grafting density because the rich PVAc chains at the interface dilute the PLA chains, thus hindering the nucleation and spherulite growth of PLA. This research sheds light on the nucleation and reinforcing mechanisms of polymer grafted CNCs, and will provide theoretical guidance for the industrialization of high-performance bio-based nanocomposites.
Collapse
|
27
|
Solhi L, Guccini V, Heise K, Solala I, Niinivaara E, Xu W, Mihhels K, Kröger M, Meng Z, Wohlert J, Tao H, Cranston ED, Kontturi E. Understanding Nanocellulose-Water Interactions: Turning a Detriment into an Asset. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1925-2015. [PMID: 36724185 PMCID: PMC9999435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Modern technology has enabled the isolation of nanocellulose from plant-based fibers, and the current trend focuses on utilizing nanocellulose in a broad range of sustainable materials applications. Water is generally seen as a detrimental component when in contact with nanocellulose-based materials, just like it is harmful for traditional cellulosic materials such as paper or cardboard. However, water is an integral component in plants, and many applications of nanocellulose already accept the presence of water or make use of it. This review gives a comprehensive account of nanocellulose-water interactions and their repercussions in all key areas of contemporary research: fundamental physical chemistry, chemical modification of nanocellulose, materials applications, and analytical methods to map the water interactions and the effect of water on a nanocellulose matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Solhi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Valentina Guccini
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Katja Heise
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Iina Solala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Elina Niinivaara
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wenyang Xu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, TurkuFI-20500, Finland
| | - Karl Mihhels
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Marcel Kröger
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Zhuojun Meng
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou325001, China
| | - Jakob Wohlert
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Han Tao
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Österberg M, Henn KA, Farooq M, Valle-Delgado JJ. Biobased Nanomaterials─The Role of Interfacial Interactions for Advanced Materials. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2200-2241. [PMID: 36720130 PMCID: PMC9999428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review presents recent advances regarding biomass-based nanomaterials, focusing on their surface interactions. Plant biomass-based nanoparticles, like nanocellulose and lignin from industry side streams, hold great potential for the development of lightweight, functional, biodegradable, or recyclable material solutions for a sustainable circular bioeconomy. However, to obtain optimal properties of the nanoparticles and materials made thereof, it is crucial to control the interactions both during particle production and in applications. Herein we focus on the current understanding of these interactions. Solvent interactions during particle formation and production, as well as interactions with water, polymers, cells and other components in applications, are addressed. We concentrate on cellulose and lignin nanomaterials and their combination. We demonstrate how the surface chemistry of the nanomaterials affects these interactions and how excellent performance is only achieved when the interactions are controlled. We furthermore introduce suitable methods for probing interactions with nanomaterials, describe their advantages and challenges, and introduce some less commonly used methods and discuss their possible applications to gain a deeper understanding of the interfacial chemistry of biobased nanomaterials. Finally, some gaps in current understanding and interesting emerging research lines are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Österberg
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - K Alexander Henn
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hu J, Wu H, Liang S, Tian X, Liu K, Jiang M, Dominic CDM, Zhao H, Duan Y, Zhang J. Effects of the surface chemical groups of cellulose nanocrystals on the vulcanization and mechanical properties of natural rubber/cellulose nanocrystals nanocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123168. [PMID: 36621734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), as the promising reinforcing fillers in the rubber industry, their surface chemical groups have vital effects on the vulcanization kinetics, cross-linking densities, and mechanical properties of rubber composites. Herein, CNCs with acidic carboxyl (CCA) and alkaline amino groups (CCP) were produced by modifying the sulfonic CNCs (CCS) in environment-friendly ways. Studies found the CCS and CCA with acid groups have obvious inhibiting effects on the vulcanization of natural rubber (NR), while CCP with alkaline amino groups accelerates the vulcanization of NR. Differential scanning calorimeter, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Electron paramagnetic resonance, etc. were performed to clarify the effecting mechanisms of CNCs surface groups on NR vulcanization. It was found that NR/CCS and NR/CCA nanocomposites vulcanize through radical reactions, and the surface acidic groups of CCS and CCA, i.e., hydroxyl, sulfonate, and carboxyl groups inactivate the sulfur radicals generated during vulcanization and depress the vulcanization activity. The amino groups of the polyethyleneimine of CCP promote the ring opening of sulfur (S8) or the breaking of polysulfide bonds connected to NR molecular chains to form sulfur anion with a strong nucleophilic ability, which leads to the cross-linking of NR/CCP reacts via ionic reaction mainly. The vulcanization rate and cross-linking density of NR/CCP are improved by the ionic reaction. And benefiting from the higher cross-linking density and the reinforcement of CCP, NR/CCP had the best physical and mechanical properties. Our work elucidates the mechanism of the surface chemical groups of CNCs affecting NR vulcanization and may provide ideas for the preparation of high-performance rubber composites reinforced by CNCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Haipeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shuai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - C D Midhun Dominic
- Department of Chemistry, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Kochi, Kerala, India, Pin, 682013
| | - Hongying Zhao
- Chinese-German Faculty of Science and Technology, Sino-German Institute for High Performance Materials and Technology, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yongxin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fontana D, Recupido F, Lama GC, Liu J, Boggioni L, Silvano S, Lavorgna M, Verdolotti L. Effect of Different Methods to Synthesize Polyol-Grafted-Cellulose Nanocrystals as Inter-Active Filler in Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040923. [PMID: 36850207 PMCID: PMC9962898 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the scientific community has spent a lot of effort in developing "green" and environmentally friendly processes and products, due the contemporary problems connected to pollution and climate change. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are at the forefront of current research due to their multifunctional characteristics of biocompatibility, high mechanical properties, specific surface area, tunable surface chemistry and renewability. However, despite these many advantages, their inherent hydrophilicity poses a substantial challenge for the application of CNCs as a reinforcing filler in polymers, as it complicates their dispersion in hydrophobic polymeric matrices, such as polyurethane foams, often resulting in aggregate structures that compromise their properties. The manipulation and fine-tuning of the interfacial properties of CNCs is a crucial step to exploit their full potential in the development of new materials. In this respect, starting from an aqueous dispersion of CNCs, two different strategies were used to properly functionalize fillers: (i) freeze drying, solubilization in DMA/LiCl media and subsequent grafting with bio-based polyols; (ii) solvent exchange and subsequent grafting with bio-based polyols. The influence of the two functionalization methods on the chemical and thermal properties of CNCs was examined. In both cases, the role of the two bio-based polyols on filler functionalization was elucidated. Afterwards, the functionalized CNCs were used at 5 wt% to produce bio-based composite polyurethane foams and their effect on the morphological, thermal and mechanical properties was examined. It was found that CNCs modified through freeze drying, solubilization and bio-polyols grafting exhibited remarkably higher thermal stability (i.e., degradation stages > 100 °C) with respect to the unmodified freeze dried-CNCs. In addition, the use of the two grafting bio-polyols influenced the functionalization process, corresponding to different amount of grafted-silane-polyol and leading to different chemico-physical characteristics of the obtained CNCs. This was translated to higher thermal stability as well as improved functional and mechanical performances of the produced bio-based composite PUR foams with respect of the unmodified CNCs-composite ones (the best case attained compressive strength values three times more). Solvent exchange route slightly improved the thermal stability of the obtained CNCs; however; the so-obtained CNCs could not be properly dispersed within the polyurethane matrix, due to filler aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Fontana
- Chemistry Department, University of Pavia, Via Torquato Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Institute for Chemical Science and Technologies, CNR, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Recupido
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), P.zzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cesare Lama
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), P.zzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.C.L.); (L.B.); Tel.: +39-081-775-8839 (G.C.L.)
| | - Jize Liu
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), P.zzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Laura Boggioni
- Institute for Chemical Science and Technologies, CNR, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.C.L.); (L.B.); Tel.: +39-081-775-8839 (G.C.L.)
| | - Selena Silvano
- Institute for Chemical Science and Technologies, CNR, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marino Lavorgna
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), P.zzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Letizia Verdolotti
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), P.zzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liang D, Liu W, Zhong T, Liu H, Dhandapani R, Li H, Wang J, Wolcott M. Nanocellulose reinforced lightweight composites produced from cotton waste via integrated nanofibrillation and compounding. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2144. [PMID: 36750579 PMCID: PMC9905597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotton is a natural fiber containing more than 95% of cellulose. With worldwide cotton consumption continuously increasing, the amount of cotton waste generated is enormous. Most of the cotton waste ends up in landfill or incinerators, resulting in a huge waste of this excellent natural resource. In this project, cotton waste was recycled to produce polypropylene nanocomposites. Instead of using the traditional two-step nanofiber extraction and compounding technique, an integrated process was adopted to combine nanofibrillation and compounding into one step. Results showed that cotton fibers with a slight prefibrillation and hydrophobic surface modification were successfully fibrillated into tens to hundreds of nanometers in width during compounding. The nanofibers reinforced polypropylene composites exhibited significantly enhanced tensile and flexural strength and moduli. For instance, when 30% fibers from bleached white and indigo-dyed denim fabrics were introduced, the tensile moduli of the resultant composites reached 4.57 and 4.59 GPa, respectively, compared to 1.60 GPa, the modulus of neat PP. Meanwhile, denim fabrics had a remarkable reinforcing effect on the composites' impact strength attributing to the hydrophobic indigo dyes that improved the interfacial bonding between cotton fibers and the matrix. The highest impact strength of denim reinforced composites was 4.96 kJ/m2 with 20% fiber loading; while the impact strength of neat polypropylene was 2.46 kJ/m2. The low water uptake of the composites further indicated the excellent adhesion at the filler/matrix interface. In general, a very promising processing technique to recycle cotton waste for high-value products was demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Apparel, Merchandising, Design and Textiles, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Wangcheng Liu
- grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Tuhua Zhong
- grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA ,grid.459618.70000 0001 0742 5632International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Hang Liu
- Apparel, Merchandising, Design and Textiles, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA. .,Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | | | - Hui Li
- grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Jinwu Wang
- grid.472551.00000 0004 0404 3120Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726 USA
| | - Michael Wolcott
- grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xu C, Xu N, Yu J, Hu L, Jia P, Fan Y, Lu C, Chu F. Utilization of different wood-based microfibril cellulose for the preparation of reinforced hydrophobic polymer composite films via Pickering emulsion: A comparative study. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:815-826. [PMID: 36521716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pickering emulsion is a promising strategy for the preparation of hydrophobic polymer composite using hydrophilic nanocellulose. Herein, two types of microfibril cellulose, pure mechanical pretreated microfibril cellulose (P-MFC) and Deep eutectic solvents pretreated microfibril cellulose (DES-MFC), were used to fabricate reinforced hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) composites (MFC/PS) with the aid of Pickering emulsion. The results showed that both oil/water ratio and the content as well as surface hydrophilicity of MFC were playing an important role in emulsifying capacity. 8 % MFC/PS emulsion showed the smallest and most uniform emulsion droplets which is similar to nanofibril cellulose (NFC)/PS at the oil/water ratio of 3:1. The mechanical performance of MFC/PS composites verified that the reinforcement effect was closely related to the emulsifying capacity of MFC. Specially, when the content of P-MFC was 8 wt%, the composite exhibited the best mechanical properties with the tensile strength of 44.7 ± 4.4 MPa and toughness of 1162 ± 52.8 kJ/m3 and Young's modulus of 13.5 ± 0.8 GPa, which was comparable to NFC/PS composite. Moreover, the effective enhancement role of P-MFC in hydrophobic polymethyl methacrylate and polycarbonate composites were also realized via Pickering emulsion strategy. Overall, this work constituted a proof of concept of the potential application of P-MFC in nano-reinforced hydrophobic composite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Ning Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Lihong Hu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), No 16, Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China.
| | - Puyou Jia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), No 16, Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China.
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Chuanwei Lu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Fuxiang Chu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), No 16, Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pan S, Jiang Z, Qiu Z. Crystallization and mechanical property of fully biobased poly(hexamethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)/cellulose nanocrystals composites. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
34
|
de Souza G, Belgacem MN, Gandini A, Carvalho AJF. Synthesis and characterization of nanofibrilated cellulose films modified with blocked isocyanates in aqueous media and their barrier properties to water vapor and oxygen. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
|
35
|
Samavati Z, Samavati A, Goh PS, Ismail AF, Abdullah MS. A comprehensive review of recent advances in nanofiltration membranes for heavy metal removal from wastewater. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
|
36
|
Sun Z, Huang Z, Guo L, Hu S, Wang H, Meng L, Tang M, Qi H. Acetylated tunicate nanocellulose-based high-efficient air filter media with antibacterial property. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
37
|
Aoudi B, Boluk Y, Gamal El-Din M. Recent advances and future perspective on nanocellulose-based materials in diverse water treatment applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156903. [PMID: 35753453 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, nanocellulose and its derivatives have drawn attention as promising bio-based materials for water treatment applications due to their high surface area, high strength, and renewable, biocompatible nature. The abundance of hydroxyl functional groups on the surfaces of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) enables a broad range of surface modifications which results in propitious nanocomposites with tunable characteristics. In this context, this review describes the continuously developing applications of nanocellulose-based materials in the areas of adsorption, catalysis, filtration, and flocculation, with a special emphasis on the removal of contaminants such as heavy metals, dyes, and pharmaceutical compounds from diverse water systems. Recent progresses in the diverse forms of application of nanocellulose adsorbents (suspension, hydrogel, aerogel, and membrane) are also highlighted. Finally, challenges and future perspectives on emerging nanocellulose-based materials and their possible industrial applications are presented and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bouthaina Aoudi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Yaman Boluk
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li Z, Zhu G, Lin N. Dispersibility Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polymeric-Based Composites. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4439-4468. [PMID: 36195577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are hydrophilic nanoparticles extracted from biomass with properties and functions different from cellulose and are being developed for property-oriented applications such as high stiffness, abundant active groups, and biocompatibility. It has broad application prospects in the field of composite materials, while the dispersibility of the CNC in polymers is the key to its application performance. Many reviews have discussed in-depth the modification strategies to improve the dispersibility of the CNC and summarized all characterization for the CNC, but there are no reviews on the in-depth exploration of dispersion characterization. This review is a comprehensive summary of the characterization of CNC dispersion in the matrix in terms of direct observation, indirect evaluation, and quantified evaluation, summarizing how and why different characterization tools reveal dispersibility. In addition, "decision tree" flowcharts are presented to provide the reader with a reference for selecting the appropriate characterization method for a specific composite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zikang Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road #122, Wuhan430070, P. R. China
| | - Ge Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road #122, Wuhan430070, P. R. China
| | - Ning Lin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road #122, Wuhan430070, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ning L, Jia Y, Zhao X, Tang R, Wang F, You C. Nanocellulose-based drug carriers: Functional design, controllable synthesis, and therapeutic applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1500-1510. [PMID: 36195234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With rising living standards and environmental awareness, materials-oriented chemical engineering has increasingly transitioned from traditional rough models to more resource-saving and eco-friendly models, providing an avenue for bio-based materials in the drug carrier field. Because of its excellent physical and chemical properties, including high specific surface area, abundant accessible hydroxyl groups, biocompatibility, and degradability, nanocellulose (NC) is an emerging bio-based material that has been widely exploited as biomedical materials. The modification techniques of NC, as well as advancements in the design and applications of drug carriers, were primarily discussed in this study. First, the NC modification methods are described; second, the applications of NC and its derivatives as drug carriers are summarized, focusing on NC-based carrier models, types of loaded therapeutic agents, and controlled release stimulators; and finally, the current challenges of NC in the drug carrier field and the directions of future research are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Like Ning
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuxin Jia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xinxu Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ruoxu Tang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chaoqun You
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tom M, Thomas S, Seantier B, Grohens Y, Mohamed PK, Haponiuk JT, Kim J. APPROACHING SUSTAINABILITY: NANOCELLULOSE REINFORCED ELASTOMERS—A REVIEW. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.22.77013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Awareness of the environmental implications of conventional reinforcing fillers and the urge to reduce the carbon footprint have lead researchers to focus more on natural and sustainable materials. Nanocellulose from multitudinous sources finds use in elastomer engineering because of its distinctive properties, such as renewability, sustainability, abundance, biodegradability, high aspect ratio, excellent mechanical properties, and low cost. Green alternatives for conventional fillers in elastomer reinforcing have gained considerable interest to curb the risk of fillers from nonrenewable sources. The differences in properties of nanocellulose and elastomers render attractiveness in the search for synergistic properties resulting from their combination. This review addresses the isolation techniques for nanocellulose and challenges in its incorporation into the elastomer matrix. Surface modifications for solving incompatibility between filler and matrices are discussed. Processing of nanocomposites, various characterization techniques, mechanical behavior, and potential applications of nanocellulose elastomer composites are also discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milanta Tom
- 1 School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India 686560
- 2 Université Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL, 56100 Lorient, France
| | - Sabu Thomas
- 1 School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India 686560
- 3 Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa 17011
| | - Bastien Seantier
- 2 Université Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL, 56100 Lorient, France
| | - Yves Grohens
- 2 Université Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL, 56100 Lorient, France
| | - P. K. Mohamed
- 4 Global R&D Centre, Asia, Apollo Tyres Ltd., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India 602105
| | - Józef T. Haponiuk
- 5 Department of Polymer Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland 80-233
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- 6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea 22212
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Contemporary nanocellulose-composites: A new paradigm for sensing applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
42
|
Spagnuolo L, D'Orsi R, Operamolla A. Nanocellulose for Paper and Textile Coating: The Importance of Surface Chemistry. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200204. [PMID: 36000154 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose has received enormous scientific interest for its abundance, easy manufacturing, biodegradability, and low cost. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are ideal candidates to replace plastic coating in the textile and paper industry. Thanks to their capacity to form an interconnected network kept together by hydrogen bonds, nanocelluloses perform an unprecedented strengthening action towards cellulose- and other fiber-based materials. Furthermore, nanocellulose use implies greener application procedures, such as deposition from water. The surface chemistry of nanocellulose plays a pivotal role in influencing the performance of the coating: tailored surface functionalization can introduce several properties, such as gas or grease barrier, hydrophobicity, antibacterial and anti-UV behavior. This review summarizes recent achievements in the use of nanocellulose for paper and textile coating, evidencing critical aspects of coating performances related to deposition technique, nanocellulose morphology, and surface functionalization. Furthermore, beyond focusing on the aspects strictly related to large-scale coating applications for paper and textile industries, this review includes recent achievements in the use of nanocellulose coating for the safeguarding of Cultural Heritage, an extremely noble and interesting emerging application of nanocellulose, focusing on consolidation of historical paper and archaeological textile. Finally, nanocellulose use in electronic devices as an electrode modifier is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Spagnuolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi, 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Interuniversity Consortium of Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Rosarita D'Orsi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi, 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Interuniversity Consortium of Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Alessandra Operamolla
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi, 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Interuniversity Consortium of Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, Bari, 70126, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Surendran G, Sherje AP. Cellulose nanofibers and composites: An insight on basics and biomedical applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
44
|
Nanocellulose-Based Composite Materials Used in Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132648. [PMID: 35808693 PMCID: PMC9268916 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose has lately emerged as one of the most promising “green” materials due to its unique properties. Nanocellulose can be mainly divided into three types, i.e., cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), and bacterial cellulose (BC). With the rapid development of technology, nanocellulose has been designed into multidimensional structures, including 1D (nanofibers, microparticles), 2D (films), and 3D (hydrogels, aerogels) materials. Due to its adaptable surface chemistry, high surface area, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, nanocellulose-based composite materials can be further transformed as drug delivery carriers. Herein, nanocellulose-based composite material used for drug delivery was reviewed. The typical drug release behaviors and the drug release mechanisms of nanocellulose-based composite materials were further summarized, and the potential application of nanocellulose-based composite materials was prospected as well.
Collapse
|
45
|
Mugwagwa LR, Chimphango AFA. Predicting mechanical properties of hemicellulose-based films reinforced with acetylated nanocellulose. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
46
|
Recent advancement in isolation, processing, characterization and applications of emerging nanocellulose: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:954-976. [PMID: 35304199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of nanocellulose from various natural resources as a promising nanomaterial has been gaining interest for a wide range application. Nanocellulose serves as an excellent candidate since it contributes numerous superior properties and functionalities. In this review, details of the three main nanocellulose categorised: cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), cellulose nanofibril (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) have been described. We focused on the preparation and isolation techniques to produce nanocellulose including alkaline pre-treatment, acid hydrolysis, TEMPO-mediated oxidation, and enzymatic hydrolysis. The surface modification of nanocellulose through esterification, silylation, amidation, phosphorylation, and carboxymethylation to improve the diverse applications has also been reviewed. Some invigorating perspectives on the applications, challenges, and future directions on the relevant issues regarding nanocellulose are also presented.
Collapse
|
47
|
Ghasemlou M, Mayes ELH, Murdoch BJ, Le PH, Dekiwadia C, Aburto-Medina A, Daver F, Ivanova EP, Adhikari B. Silicon-Doped Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots as Efficient Nanoconjugates for Multifunctional Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:7161-7174. [PMID: 35076220 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) hold great promise as a new class of high-performance carbonaceous nanomaterials due to their numerous functional properties, such as tunable photoluminescence (PL), excellent thermal and chemical stability, and superior biocompatibility. In this study, we developed a facile, one-pot, and effective strategy to engineer the interface of GOQDs through covalent doping with silicon. The successful covalent attachment of the silane dopant with pendant vinyl groups to the edges of the GOQDs was confirmed by an in-depth investigation of the structural and morphological characteristics. The Si-GOQD nanoconjugates had an average dimension of ∼8 nm, with a graphite-structured core and amorphous carbon on their shell. We further used the infrared nanoimaging based on scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy to unveil the spectral near-field response of GOQD samples and to measure the nanoscale IR response of its network; we then demonstrated their distinct domains with strongly enhanced near fields. The doping of Si atoms into the sp2-hybridized graphitic framework of GOQDs also led to tailored PL emissions. We then sought to explore the potential applications of Si-GOQDs on the surface of plastic films where poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) served as a bridge to tightly anchor the Si-GOQDs to the surface. The bi-layered coated films which were built with co-assembly of Si-GOQDs and PDMS contributed to suppressing the transmission of water molecules due to the generation of compact and less accessible passing sites, achieving a nearly twofold reduction in water permeability compared to the single-layered coated films. The nanoindentation and PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical mapping showed that Si-GOQD-coated substrates were softer and more deformable than those coated only with PDMS. The co-assembly of PDMS and Si-GOQDs yielded films that were less stiff than those made from PDMS alone. Our findings provided conceptual insights into the importance of nanoscale surface engineering of GOQDs in conferring excellent dispersibility and enhancing the performance of nanocomposite films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Edwin L H Mayes
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Billy J Murdoch
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Phuc H Le
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Arturo Aburto-Medina
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Fugen Daver
- School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dhali K, Daver F, Cass P, Adhikari B. Surface modification of the cellulose nanocrystals through vinyl silane grafting. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 200:397-408. [PMID: 35041891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Incompatibility of nanocellulose with non-polar polymer matrices disrupts the interfacial interaction and results in aggregation and phase separation. In this study a facile and environmentally friendly method was used to partially substitute the surface hydroxyl groups by attaching polysiloxane to impart hydrophobic properties. The silanization reaction proceeded with hydrolysis of triethoxyvinylsilane (TEVS) into reactive silanols followed by condensation to form the branched polymer. These polysiloxane oligomers were chemically grafted to form alkoxy silane bonds on the surface of CNCs. A suitable degree of hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the modified CNCs was achieved which improved their dispersion in hydrophobic matrix poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). FTIR, NMR (13C and 29Si) and XPS demonstrated successful surface chemical modification and confirmed extent of silanization as a function of silane concentration. XRD showed successful grafting of the vinyl silane agent and confirmed polymorph structure of the nanocellulose was retained. The results from TEM and AFM demonstrated successful coating of nano whiskers at 5 wt% silane loading. The successful grafting of the silane agent with pendant vinyl groups improved surface hydrophobicity. These results show that this facile method produces adequately surface modified CNC which can be used as filler in hydrophobic matrices of bioplastics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kingshuk Dhali
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; Department of Post-Harvest Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, W.B., India.
| | - Fugen Daver
- School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Peter Cass
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Strengthening Cellulose Nanopaper via Deep Eutectic Solvent and Ultrasound-Induced Surface Disordering of Nanofibers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010078. [PMID: 35012101 PMCID: PMC8747671 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The route for the preparation of cellulose nanofiber dispersions from bacterial cellulose using ethylene glycol- or glycerol-based deep eutectic solvents (DES) is demonstrated. Choline chloride was used as a hydrogen bond acceptor and the effect of the combined influence of DES treatment and ultrasound on the thermal and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BC-NFs) is demonstrated. It was found that the maximal Young’s modulus (9.2 GPa) is achieved for samples prepared using a combination of ethylene glycol-based DES and ultrasound treatment. Samples prepared with glycerol-based DES combined with ultrasound exhibit the maximal strength (132 MPa). Results on the mechanical properties are discussed based on the structural investigations that were performed using FTIR, Raman, WAXD, SEM and AFM measurements, as well as the determination of the degree of polymerization and the density of BC-NF packing during drying with the formation of paper. We propose that the disordering of the BC-NF surface structure along with the preservation of high crystallinity bulk are the key factors leading to the improved mechanical and thermal characteristics of prepared BC-NF-based papers.
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhai X, Gao S, Xiang Y, Wang A, Li Z, Cui B, Wang W. Cationized high amylose maize starch films reinforced with borax cross-linked nanocellulose. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1421-1429. [PMID: 34740689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel strategy for modifying nanocellulose (NC) by borax cross-linking was developed, and the obtained borax modified nanocellulose (BNC) was incorporated into cationized high amylose maize starch (CS) films to evaluate the applicability. Cellulose molecules were successfully cross-linked by boron ester bonds, and the original crystal type and basic chemical structure were not changed. Compared with NC, the relative crystallinity of BNC was slightly increased, and the thermal stability was obviously enhanced. Addition of NC and BNC to CS films significantly improved their tensile strength and water resistance. The dispersion of nanocellulose in CS films was effectively improved by borax cross-linking modification. CS/BNC films showed higher mechanical and water resistance properties compared with CS/NC films. Compared with pure CS film, tensile strength of the composite film with 6 wt% BNC increased about 4.0 times, and its water-vapor permeability decreased about 37%. The novel strategy for preparing BNC by using boron ester bonds will provide a potential approach for the development of starch films with desirable properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Zhai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Engineering and Technology Center for Grain Processing of Shandong Province, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shan Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Engineering and Technology Center for Grain Processing of Shandong Province, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yamei Xiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Engineering and Technology Center for Grain Processing of Shandong Province, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Aiyue Wang
- Shandong Xingquan Oil Co. Ltd., Linyi 276600, China
| | - Zisong Li
- Shandong Xingquan Oil Co. Ltd., Linyi 276600, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Wentao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Engineering and Technology Center for Grain Processing of Shandong Province, Tai'an 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|