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Altarazi A, Haider J, Alhotan A, Silikas N, Devlin H. Impact of Artificial Aging on the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Denture Base Materials Fabricated via 3D Printing. Int J Biomater 2024; 2024:8060363. [PMID: 38919543 PMCID: PMC11199068 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8060363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is becoming more prevalent in the dental sector due to its potential to save time for dental practitioners, streamline fabrication processes, enhance precision and consistency in fabricating prosthetic models, and offer cost-effective solutions. However, the effect of aging in artificial saliva of this type of material has not been explored. To assess the physical and mechanical properties of the two types of 3D-printed materials before and after being subjected to artificial saliva, a total of 219 acrylic resin specimens were produced. These specimens were made with two types of 3D-printed materials, namely, NextDent (ND) and Formlabs (FLs), and a Schottlander heat-cured (HC) resin material that was used as a control. Water sorption and solubility specimens (n = 5) were tested after three months of storage in artificial saliva. Moreover, the Vickers hardness, Martens hardness, flexural strength/modulus, and impact strength were evaluated both under dry conditions and after three months of storage in artificial saliva. The degree of conversion (DC), elemental analysis, and filler content were also investigated. The ANOVA showed that 3D-printed resins had significantly greater sorption than the control group (p < 0.05). However, the flexural strength values of the 3D-printed materials were significantly greater (p < 0.05) than those of the heat-cured material. The DC of the 3D-printed resins was lower than that of the control group, but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The 3D-printed materials contained significantly more filler than the control (p < 0.05). Moreover, the artificial saliva had a significant effect on the Vickers hardness for all tested groups and on the Martens hardness for the control group only (p < 0.05). Compared with conventional heat-cured materials, 3D-printed denture base materials demonstrated relatively poorer performance in terms of sorption, solubility, and DC but exhibited either comparable or superior mechanical properties. The aging process also influenced the Vickers and Martens' hardness. The strength of the 3D-printed materials was in compliance with ISO recommendations, and the materials could be used alongside conventional heat-cured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Altarazi
- Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julfikar Haider
- Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nick Silikas
- Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Hugh Devlin
- Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Smidt G, Gao S, Iyer D, Srivastava S, Shah KC. In vitro analysis of monomer leaching in modern dental materials: CAD milled, printed, traditional heat-processed, and auto-polymerizing denture base resins. J Prosthodont 2024. [PMID: 38858223 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Denture fabrication has shifted from traditional heat-processed and auto-polymerizing materials to computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled and printed materials. The monomer in traditional materials can induce an allergic reaction in some patients. With the rise in the edentulous population and increasing demand for the fabrication of dentures, these newer materials should be studied for monomer leaching. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ratio of residual monomer in materials being used for denture bases: CAD-milled polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), printed denture base resin, heat-processed PMMA, and auto-polymerizing PMMA comparatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Milled, printed, heat-activated, and auto-polymerizing denture base specimens (n = 3 for each group, each test run three times) were fabricated according to manufacturer recommendations. Specimens were first immersed in deuterated chloroform (CDCl3), a deuterated organic solvent, to evaluate monomer leaching and to observe physical properties of the materials. NMR spectroscopy was used to evaluate the dissolution of materials and residual monomer to crosslinked polymer ratios at 1, 4, and 9 days. A second group of specimens was then immersed in deuterium oxide (D2O) to evaluate if the residual monomers would leach out of the system. The solution was then analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for 1 month. The deuterated forms of chloroform (CDCl3) and water (D2O) were used to enable sample characterization by NMR. RESULTS While the heat-processed, auto-polymerizing, and milled specimens possessed residual monomers, no significant monomer leaching was noted in the printed specimen, while immersed in CDCl3. Similarly, the printed specimen was most resistant to dissolution, as compared to the rest; dissolution of the specimen is indicative of little to no cross-linking. No detectable dissolution of monomer was seen when all specimens were immersed in D2O for up to 1 month. CONCLUSIONS Residual monomers were not found in the printed denture material in this study in either CDCl3 or D2O, whereas CAD-milled and traditionally processed denture bases still have residual monomers within their respective systems when immersed in organic solvent. None of the specimens tested leached monomers into D2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Smidt
- Advanced Graduate Prosthodontics Department, University of California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shang Gao
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Divya Iyer
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Samanvaya Srivastava
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kumar C Shah
- Faculty Group Dental Practice, University of California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Alanazi KK, Wood D, Shepherd J, Stokes CW, Asencio IO. Assessing the suitability of fused deposition modeling to produce acrylic removable denture bases. Clin Exp Dent Res 2024; 10:e880. [PMID: 38798134 PMCID: PMC11128773 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the feasibility of using poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) filament and fused deposition modeling (FDM) to manufacture denture bases via the development of a study that considers both conventional and additive-based manufacturing techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five sample groups were compared: heat and cold cured acrylic resins, CAD/CAM milled PMMA, 3D-printed PMMA (via FDM), and 3D-printed methacrylate resin (via stereolithography, SLA). All groups were subjected to mechanical testing (flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness), water sorption and solubility tests, a tooth bonding test, microbiological assessment, and accuracy of fit measurements. The performance of sample groups was referred to ISO 20795-1 and ISO/TS 19736. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS Samples manufactured using FDM performed within ISO specifications for mechanical testing, water sorption, and solubility tests. However, the FDM group failed to achieve the ISO requirements for the tooth bonding test. FDM samples presented a rough surface finish which could ultimately encourage an undesirable high level of microbial adhesion. For accuracy of fit, FDM samples showed a lower degree of accuracy than existing materials. CONCLUSIONS Although FDM samples were a cost-effective option and were able to be quickly manufactured in a reproducible manner, the results demonstrated that current recommended testing regimes for conventionally manufactured denture-based polymers are not directly applicable to additive-manufactured denture base polymers. Therefore, new standards should be developed to ensure the correct implementation of additive manufacturing techniques within denture-based fabrication workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid K. Alanazi
- School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Conservative Dental Science Department, College of DentistryPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversitySaudi Arabia
| | - Duncan Wood
- School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Joanna Shepherd
- School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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Narde J, Ahmed N, Siurkel Y, Marrapodi MM, Ronsivalle V, Cicciù M, Minervini G. Evaluation and assessment of the wettabilty and water contact angle of modified poly methyl methacrylate denture base materials against PEEK in cast partial denture framework: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:248. [PMID: 38368396 PMCID: PMC10874011 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of adults with partially dental arches is expected to be more than imagined and patients requiring replacement of missing teeth are slowly increasing in number too. Removable partial dentures are known to provide for substantial replacement for the missing teeth with also added advantages when compared to fixed or implant prosthesis, mainly in elderly patients. Denture base material performance and durability are greatly influenced by wettability and water contact angle. In the case of dentures; adequate moisture distribution is necessary to ensure excellent wettability which has an influence on comfort and oral health. The purpose of conducting this study was to find out whether the advancements made using PEEK (Polyether ether ketone) would prove to be more beneficial than the current upgrades in the current material spectrum. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was performed under in vitro conditions. All the fabrication and processing was done only by one operator. The materials used were divided into three groups each comprising 20 samples. Group A was modified polymethylmethacrylate (Bredent Polyan), Group B was polyoxymethylene acetal resin (Biodentaplast) and Group C was PEEK. An Ossila Goniometer was used to measure the contact angle. The three types of liquids used for the testing included distilled water, natural saliva and mouth wetting solution (Wet Mouth Liquid, ICPA India). Human saliva was collected from an individual with no medical conditions and normal salivary secretion. RESULTS The data was analyzed using One-way ANOVA test and a pairwise comparison using the Post Hoc Tukey's Honest Significant Difference. Table 1 consists of the mean water contact angles of the denture base materials and mean contact angles of various denture base materials. In saliva, mouth wetting solution and distilled water, the highest mean and least mean contact angle was seen in Polyan and Biodentaplast respectively. A signicant difference was seen between PEEK and Polyan and Biodentaplast and Polyan on further comparison. CONCLUSION From the resources and the materials at our disposal, it could be concluded that Polyan, Biodentaplast and PEEK and could be used as viable options in cast partial denture framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Narde
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Nabeel Ahmed
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Yuliia Siurkel
- International European University School of Medicine, Akademika Hlushkova Ave, 42B, Kyiv, 03187, Ukraine.
| | - Maria Maddalena Marrapodi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ronsivalle
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, 80121, Italy.
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Chisnoiu RM, Muntean A, Păstrav O, Chisnoiu AM, Cuc S, Silaghi Dumitrescu L, Păstrav M, Prodan D, Delean AG. Polymer Mixtures for Experimental Self-Limited Dental Burs Development-A Preliminary Approach (Part 1). J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:447. [PMID: 37754861 PMCID: PMC10532411 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14090447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative techniques have been investigated for effectiveness in caries removal because conventional metallic dental burs can lead to an excessive loss of sound tissue. The aim of the present study is to realize a preliminary approach in obtaining effective polymer mixtures for polymeric bur development, capable of removing primary dental caries using combinations of polymers to ensure the requirements for such instruments, but also a greater compatibility with the teeth structure. This study assessed the main mechanical properties, water sorption, solubility and microscopic structure of four new polymer mixture recipes to provide essential features in obtaining experimental self-limited dental burs. Two mixtures have in their composition polymer mixtures of Bis-phenol A diglycidyl ether dimethacrylate/Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate/Urethane dimethacrylates (R1, R2), and two other mixtures have Bis-phenol A diglycidyl ether dimethacrylate/Polymethyl methacrylate/Methyl methacrylates (R3, R4). The incorporation of nanoparticles into the polymer matrix has become essential due to the need of polymer biocompatibility increasing along with teeth surface remineralization, so that the powder charge was added to four recipes, such as 5% glass with BaF2 and 0.5% graphene with silver particles. All data sets were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA test. R3, R4 showed higher compressive strength and diametrical compression values; these values increased when glass and graphene were added. Moreover, the addition of glass particles lead to an increase in flexural strength. Regarding the sorption, sample R3 had the most significant differences between day 69 and the rest of the investigation days, while the solubility varied at different intervals. From the mechanical evaluation, we could conclude that the Bis-GMA/PMMA/MMA mixtures fit the mechanical characteristics supported by polymer burs, following future studies regarding their use on the affected dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Marcel Chisnoiu
- Department of Odontology, Endodontics and Oral Pathology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 33 Moților Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.C.); (O.P.); (A.G.D.)
| | - Alexandrina Muntean
- Department of Pedodontics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 31 Avram Iancu Street, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Păstrav
- Department of Odontology, Endodontics and Oral Pathology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 33 Moților Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.C.); (O.P.); (A.G.D.)
| | - Andrea Maria Chisnoiu
- Department of Prosthodontics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stanca Cuc
- “Raluca Ripan” Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.S.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Laura Silaghi Dumitrescu
- “Raluca Ripan” Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.S.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Mihaela Păstrav
- Department of Orthodontics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 31 Avram Iancu Street, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Doina Prodan
- “Raluca Ripan” Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.S.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Ada Gabriela Delean
- Department of Odontology, Endodontics and Oral Pathology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 33 Moților Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.C.); (O.P.); (A.G.D.)
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Alambiaga-Caravaca AM, López-Castellano A, Chou YF, Luzi A, Núñez JM, Banerjee A, Jovani Sancho MDM, Sauro S. Release Kinetics of Monomers from Dental Composites Containing Fluoride-Doped Calcium Phosphates. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1948. [PMID: 37514133 PMCID: PMC10386182 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyse the type of release kinetic of specific monomers from dental resin composites containing various fluoride-doped calcium phosphates. The release behavior of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate (bis-EMA) and 1.6-hexanediol ethoxylate diacrylate (HEDA) was evaluated over a period of 35 days. Two tailored calcium phosphates doped with different concentrations of fluoride salts (VS10% and VS20%) were prepared and incorporated in the dimethacrylate matrix at various concentrations to generate a range of experimental composites. The release kinetics were characterized using mathematical models such as zero-order, first-order, Peppas and Higuchi models. The results showed that the first-order model best described the release kinetics. UDMA and HEDA exhibited significant differences in release compared to bis-EMA from day 1, while no significant differences were observed between UDMA and HEDA, except on day 35, when UDMA exhibited a higher release rate than HEDA. When comparing the release of each monomer, VS20-R20% had the highest total release percentage, with 3.10 ± 0.25%, whereas the composite VS10-R5% showed the lowest release percentage, with a total of 1.66 ± 0.08%. The release kinetics were influenced by the composition of the resin composites and the presence of calcium fluoride and sodium fluoride in the calcium phosphate played a role in the maximum amounts of monomer released. In conclusion, the release of monomers from the tested resin composites followed a first-order kinetic behaviour, with an initial rapid release that decreased over time. The composition of the resin monomers and the presence of fluoride salts influenced the release kinetics. The VS10-R5% and VS10-R10% resin composites exhibited the lowest total monomer release, suggesting its potential favourable composition with reduced monomer elution. These findings contribute to understanding the release behavior of dental resin composites and provide insights for the development of resin-based bioactive dental materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián M Alambiaga-Caravaca
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia López-Castellano
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Yu Fu Chou
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Arlinda Luzi
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Núñez
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Avijit Banerjee
- Research Centre for Oral & Clinical Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - María Del Mar Jovani Sancho
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
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Mohamed A, Takaichi A, Kajima Y, Takahashi H, Wakabayashi N. Physical Properties of Additively Manufactured Tooth-Colored Material Attached to Denture Base-Colored Material in a Printed Monolithic Unit. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092134. [PMID: 37177280 PMCID: PMC10181472 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing is an emerging technology that has been successfully used in dentistry for denture fabrication. However, the conventional issue of tooth debonding exists in additively manufactured dentures. In this study, we investigated the physical properties of conventional teeth attached to a heat-cured denture base material compared to additively manufactured tooth-coloured materials attached to denture base-coloured materials in a printed monolithic unit. We designed a model consisting of a tooth attached to a cylindrical base to fabricate the additively manufactured group and the conventional group. All groups were tested for fracture load before and after thermocycling, water sorption, solubility, and shape accuracy. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. The fracture load of the additively manufactured group was significantly higher than that of the conventional group after thermocycling (p = 0.019). The water sorption of the conventional group was significantly lower than that of the additively manufactured group (p = 0.000), whereas there was no significant difference in the water solubility between them (p = 0.192). The shape accuracy of the additively manufactured group was significantly better than that of the conventional group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, additive monolithic manufacturing technology may provide an alternative way to enhance the fracture load between the teeth and denture bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Mohamed
- Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takaichi
- Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yuka Kajima
- Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Course for Oral Health Engineering, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Wakabayashi
- Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Delikan E, Erturk-Avunduk AT, Karatas O, Saçmacı Ş. Effect of topical fluoride applications on residual monomer release from resin-based restorative materials. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:1. [PMID: 36593449 PMCID: PMC9808933 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of topical fluoride applications on the release of monomer ingredients from resin-based dental materials by immersion in various extraction solutions are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of topical fluorides (APF and NaF) on the elution of residual monomers (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA, and HEMA) from resin-based materials. METHODS Ninety specimens were prepared, 30 bulk-fill composite resin, 30 nanohybrid universal composite resin, and 30 polyacid-modified composite resin (compomer). These were randomly divided into three groups based on fluoride application procedures. Each specimen was kept in 75% ethanol solution, and residual monomers released from materials were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after 10 min, 1 h, 24 h, and 30 days. The groups were compared using the Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests. Measurements were analyzed using the Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. RESULTS Fluoride applications generally had no considerable effect on the amount of residual monomer released from resin-based restorative materials. The amount of monomer release after topical APF application was similar to the release in the control group and was lower than the release in the NaF group. The release of monomers from the resin-based material used in the study did not approach toxic levels at the applied time intervals. The compomer released lower amounts of monomer than other resin-based materials. CONCLUSIONS Fluoride applications do not increase monomer release from resin-based restorative materials. However, compomers should be employed by clinicians due to their lower monomer release compared to other resin restorative materials. The release of monomers from all the resin-based materials did not approach toxic levels at the applied time intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Delikan
- grid.466101.40000 0004 0471 9784Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, TR-38170 Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Ayse Tugba Erturk-Avunduk
- grid.411691.a0000 0001 0694 8546Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin University, TR-33343 Mersin, Türkiye
| | - Ozcan Karatas
- grid.466101.40000 0004 0471 9784Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, TR-38170 Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Şerife Saçmacı
- grid.411739.90000 0001 2331 2603Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, TR-38039 Kayseri, Türkiye
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Comparison of Conventional Pressure-packed and Injection Molding Processing Methods for an Acrylic Resin Denture based on Microhardness, Surface Roughness, and Water Sorption. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:7069507. [PMID: 36034479 PMCID: PMC9402357 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7069507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a widely used material in prosthetics and is used to fabricate denture bases. The main disadvantage of this material is its polymerization shrinkage which causes clinical problems during use. The present study aimed to investigate and compare the microhardness, surface roughness, and water sorption of a commercial acrylic resin denture, which were processed by two different methods including conventional and pressure-packed injection molding techniques. A total of 60 polymethyl methacrylate samples were prepared in two groups: conventional acrylic resin (vertex) for the compression molding method and injection acrylic resin (vertex) for the injection molding method (10 samples of each material per test). The microhardness test was performed using a Vickers microhardness test device, the surface roughness test was performed by using a profilometer, and the water sorption test was performed using a digital scale. Data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 17. The significant level was considered to be 0.05. According to the results, there was a significant difference between microhardness, surface roughness, and water sorption of the samples in the two groups. The results of the independent t-test showed that the microhardness of injection vertex acrylic resin samples was significantly higher than that of conventional pressure-packed vertex acrylic resin samples (P value<0.05). Also, the surface roughness and water sorption of injection vertex acrylic resin samples were significantly lower than those of conventional pressure-packed vertex acrylic resin samples (P value <0.05). According to the obtained results, denture fabrication by the injection molding method can improve the quality and durability of dentures due to the increased microhardness, the decreased surface roughness, and the decreased water absorption of the denture base compared with the conventional method.
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Sunarintyas S, Siswomihardjo W, Tsoi JK, Matinlinna JP. Biocompatibility and mechanical properties of an experimental E-glass fiber-reinforced composite for dentistry. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09552. [PMID: 35711989 PMCID: PMC9192806 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of experimental bis-phenol-A and bis-GMA free E-glass fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) prepared with hexanediol dimethacrylate (HDDMA) based resin. Methods Two ratios of HDDMA/TEGDMA resin were evaluated: exp-1 (70/30 wt.%) and exp-2 (50/50 wt.%) with two bis-GMA resin control groups (bis-GMA/MMA and bis-GMA/TEGDMA resins, both 70/30 wt.%). E-glass fibers were embedded into the resins to prepare FRCs specimens. Biocompatibility was assessed for cytoviability and biofilm formation with Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. Mechanical properties were evaluated for flexural strength and hardness (24 h, water storage 1 and 28 days), water sorption (1, 7, 14, and 28 days), contact angle, and surface roughness. The data were analyzed statistically by one-way and two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Results Cytoviability of the experimental groups was significantly higher than the control groups (p < 0.05). The exp-1 cytoviability (98.2 ± 1.3%) met the ISO 10993-5 standard requirement for noncytotoxic materials. The adherence of bacteria to the experimental FRCs was visibly less than the controls, while Candida albicans adhered visibly more to the experimental groups than the controls (p < 0.05). Flexural strength showed slightly higher values for controls than for the experimental groups. The exp-1 hardness value was significantly higher in the control groups for all storage conditions (p < 0.05). The water sorption of the experimental groups was significantly higher than the controls. The surface roughness indicated no significant difference (p = 0.87). The exp-1 showed a higher contact angle with the control groups. Conclusion The experimental HDDMA/TEGDMA-based FRCs might be potential alternatives for bis-GMA-based FRCs. Clinical significance The HDDMA/TEGDMA E-glass FRCs might provide biocompatible restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Sunarintyas
- Dental Biomaterial Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Widowati Siswomihardjo
- Dental Biomaterial Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - James K.H. Tsoi
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jukka P. Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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11
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In Vitro Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Hypoallergenic Denture Base Resins. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103611. [PMID: 35629638 PMCID: PMC9147828 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of hypoallergenic denture resins is key to the treatment of patients with allergies to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). In this study, the in vitro mechanical properties of hypoallergenic and PMMA denture base resins were compared. Ninety-six test specimens of hypoallergenic denture base resins (Polyan Plus®, Sinomer, TMS Acetal Dental, Erkocryl) and 72 test specimens of PMMA-based denture base resins (Paladon 65, PalaXpress, SR-Ivocap) were fabricated. The flexural strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength, macro- and microhardness, average roughness, water absorption, and water solubility of the resins were measured. None of the hypoallergenic denture resins matched all the mechanical properties of the PMMA resins. Polyan Plus® and TMS Acetal Dental were closest to matching the mechanical properties of the PMMA resins, and TMS Acetal Dental had some superior properties. Consequently, Polyan Plus® and TMS Acetal Dental hypoallergenic resins are recommended for further investigation as potential alternatives to PMMA resins for the fabrication of removable dentures.
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Gad MM, Alshehri SZ, Alhamid SA, Albarrak A, Khan SQ, Alshahrani FA, Alqarawi FK. Water Sorption, Solubility, and Translucency of 3D-Printed Denture Base Resins. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10030042. [PMID: 35323244 PMCID: PMC8947006 DOI: 10.3390/dj10030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the water sorption, solubility, and translucency of 3D-printed denture base resins (NextDent, FormLabs, and Asiga), compare them to heat-polymerized acrylic denture base resins, and assess their performance under the effects of thermal cycling. A total of 80 acrylic disc specimens were used in the current study, categorized into four groups (n = 10); in one group, the samples were fabricated conventionally with a heat-polymerizing process (control), while the other three groups were fabricated digitally from different 3D-printed reins (NextDent, FormLabs, and Asiga). Specimens were fabricated according to the manufacturers’ recommendations and immersed in distilled water for 48 h at 37 °C. Data on water sorption, solubility, and translucency measurements (T1) were obtained. All the specimens were subjected to 5000 thermal cycles, and then the measures were repeated using the same method (T2). Data analysis was attained via ANOVA and the post hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05). The type of resin significantly affected the values of water sorption, solubility, and translucency (p < 0.001). The water sorption of 3D-printed resins was increased significantly in comparison to control with or without a thermal cycling effect. In terms of solubility, a significant increase in 3D-printed resins before thermocycling was observed; however, after thermocycling, Asiga had a significantly low value compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). Thermal cycling increased the water sorption and solubility of all tested materials. In comparison to control, the translucency of the 3D-printed resins was significantly decreased (p < 0.001). The translucency was significantly decreased per material in terms of the thermal cycling effect (before and after). NextDent showed significantly low translucency values (p < 0.001) compared to the other groups. All 3D-printed resin groups had higher water sorption and solubility and lower translucency values in comparison to the heat-polymerized resin group. Regardless of resin types, thermal cycling adversely affected all tested properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (F.K.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-592502080
| | - Saleh Z. Alshehri
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (S.Z.A.); (S.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Shahad A. Alhamid
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (S.Z.A.); (S.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Alanoud Albarrak
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (S.Z.A.); (S.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Soban Q. Khan
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faris A. Alshahrani
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (F.K.A.)
| | - Firas K. Alqarawi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (F.K.A.)
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13
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Alhotan A, Yates J, Zidan S, Haider J, Jurado CA, Silikas N. Behaviour of PMMA Resin Composites Incorporated with Nanoparticles or Fibre following Prolonged Water Storage. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123453. [PMID: 34947803 PMCID: PMC8707186 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
When PMMA denture base acrylics are exposed to oral environments for prolonged periods, the denture base absorbs water, which has a negative influence on the denture material and the degree to which the denture base will be clinically effective. This study assessed the water sorption, desorption, and hygroscopic expansion processes within PMMA denture-base resins reinforced with nanoparticles or fibre in comparison to the non-reinforced PMMA. The surfaces of the fillers were modified using a silane coupling agent (y-MPS) before mixing with PMMA. Group C consisted of specimens of pure PMMA whereas groups Z, T, and E consisted of PMMA specimens reinforced with ZrO2, TiO2 nanoparticles, or E-glass fibre, respectively. The reinforced groups were subdivided into four subgroups according to the percentage filler added to the PMMA resin by weight (1.5%, 3.0%, 5.0%, or 7.0%). Five specimens in disc shape (25 ± 1 mm × 2.0 ± 0.2 mm) were tested for each group. To assess water sorption and hygroscopic expansion, specimens from each group were individually immersed in water at 37 ± 1 °C for 180 days. The samples were then desorbed for 28 days at 37 ± 1 °C, to measure solubility. Water sorption and solubility were calculated using an electronic balance in accordance with ISO Standard 20795-1, and hygroscopic expansion was measured using a laser micrometre. Statistical analysis was undertaken at a p ≤ 0.05 significance level using a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc tests. The results demonstrated that the values of sorption (Wsp), mass sorption (Ms%), and % expansion within the tested groups reached equilibrium within 180 days. A noticeable difference was observed in groups Z and E for (Wsp)/(Ms%) compared to the Group C, but this was not significant. However, the difference between Group C and Group T for these measurements was significant. Non-significant differences also existed between each respective reinforced group and the control group in terms of hygroscopic expansion % values. During the 28-day desorption period, there were no differences in the values of solubility (Wsl)/mass desorption (Md%) between Group C and each of the reinforced tested groups. The findings indicate that the inclusion of ZrO2 nanoparticles or E-glass fibres does not increase the water solubility/sorption of the PMMA. However, modifying the PMMA with TiO2 did significantly increase the water sorption level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (J.Y.); (J.H.); (N.S.)
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11454, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Julian Yates
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (J.Y.); (J.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Saleh Zidan
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Sebha University, Sebha 18758, Libya;
| | - Julfikar Haider
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (J.Y.); (J.H.); (N.S.)
- Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Carlos Alberto Jurado
- Woody L. Hunt School of Dental Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Centre El Paso, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905, USA;
| | - Nikolaos Silikas
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (J.Y.); (J.H.); (N.S.)
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3D-Printed vs. Heat-Polymerizing and Autopolymerizing Denture Base Acrylic Resins. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195781. [PMID: 34640178 PMCID: PMC8510326 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of two post-curing methods on the mechanical properties of a 3D-printed denture base material. Additionally, to compare the mechanical properties of that 3D-printed material with those of conventional autopolymerizing and a heat-cured denture base material. A resin for 3D-printing denture base (Imprimo®), a heat-polymerizing acrylic resin (Paladon® 65), and an autopolymerizing acrylic resin (Palapress®) were investigated. Flexural strength, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, work of fracture, water sorption, and water solubility were evaluated. The 3D-printed test specimens were post-cured using two different units (Imprimo Cure® and Form Cure®). The tests were carried out after both dry and 30 days water storage. Data were collected and statistically analyzed. Resin type had a significant effect on the flexural strength, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, and work of fracture (p < 0.001). The flexural strength and elastic modulus for the heat-cured polymer were significantly the highest among all investigated groups regardless of the storage condition (p < 0.001). The fracture toughness and work of fracture of the 3D-printed material were significantly the lowest (p < 0.001). The heat-cured polymer had the lowest significant water solubility (p < 0.001). The post-curing method had an impact on the flexural strength of the investigated 3D-printed denture base material. The flexural strength, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, work of fracture of the 3D-printed material were inferior to those of the heat-cured one. Increased post-curing temperature may enhance the flexural properties of resin monomers used for 3D-printing dental appliances.
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15
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Hada T, Kanazawa M, Iwaki M, Katheng A, Minakuchi S. Comparison of Mechanical Properties of PMMA Disks for Digitally Designed Dentures. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111745. [PMID: 34073564 PMCID: PMC8199238 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the physical properties of a custom block manufactured using a self-polymerizing resin (Custom-block), the commercially available CAD/CAM PMMA disk (PMMA-disk), and a heat-polymerizing resin (Conventional PMMA) were evaluated via three different tests. The Custom-block was polymerized by pouring the self-polymerizing resin into a special tray, and Conventional PMMA was polymerized with a heat-curing method, according to the manufacturer’s recommended procedure. The specimens of each group were subjected to three-point bending, water sorption and solubility, and staining tests. The results showed that the materials met the requirements of the ISO standards in all tests, except for the staining tests. The highest flexural strength was exhibited by the PMMA-disk, followed by the Custom-block and the Conventional PMMA, and a significant difference was observed in the flexural strengths of all the materials (p < 0.001). The Custom-block showed a significantly higher flexural modulus and water solubility. The water sorption and discoloration of the Custom-block were significantly higher than those of the PMMA-disk, but not significantly different from those of the Conventional PMMA. In conclusion, the mechanical properties of the three materials differed depending on the manufacturing method, which considerably affected their flexural strength, flexural modulus, water sorption and solubility, and discoloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Hada
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (T.H.); (A.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Manabu Kanazawa
- Digital Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5803-5379
| | - Maiko Iwaki
- General Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan;
| | - Awutsadaporn Katheng
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (T.H.); (A.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Shunsuke Minakuchi
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (T.H.); (A.K.); (S.M.)
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16
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Isaksson M, Rustemeyer T, Antelmi A. Contact Allergy to Dental Materials and Implants. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Raszewski Z. Influence of polymerization method on the cytotoxicity of three different denture base acrylic resins polymerized in different methods. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2612-2616. [PMID: 32994718 PMCID: PMC7499378 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Statement of Problem Acrylic plastics are used for over 80 years for the manufacture of prostheses. This kind of material has some limitations, one of them is a residual monomer, that remains after the polymerization has been terminated, which can influence the biological properties of the final medical device. The purpose The aim of this investigations was a comparison of the residual monomer concentration and cytotoxic effect of three various acrylic materials which differ in the polymerization method (hot-cured, polymerized under pressure and at lower temperatures). Material and methods The cytotoxicity of three different acrylic resins from the same producer were tested on the in vitro model (VERO CCL-81) by MTT assay. The residual monomer of acrylic materials was detected by gas chromatography. Results The Superacryl Plus material polymerized in hot water has a residual monomer concentration of 0.67 ± 0.05%, Superpont C + B hardened under pressure of 2.61 ± 0.208%, and Premacryl Plus after cold curing process has 3.53 ± 0.27% of uncured MMA. The results revealed that the least cytotoxic effect were observed in case of a thermally polymerized material. Conclusion Material polymerized in high temperatures has lower residual monomer concentration and not affect cell cultures. Self-curing materials polymerized in lower temperature have a higher concentration of residual monomer, which reduces the number of living cells by 20%, which can cause allergic reaction shortly after new denture was prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Raszewski
- SpofaDental Kerr Company, Markova 238, 506-01 Jicin, Czech Republic.,WSM Bialystok, Sobieskiego 3, 15-013 Białystok, Poland
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Zidan S, Silikas N, Haider J, Yates J. Long-Term Sorption and Solubility of Zirconia-Impregnated PMMA Nanocomposite in Water and Artificial Saliva. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13173732. [PMID: 32847026 PMCID: PMC7503455 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of denture base acrylic resins to the oral environment and storage media for extended periods of time results in sorption of saliva or water, leading to a reduction in physical properties and thus clinical service life. The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the sorption and solubility of high-impact heat-polymerised denture base acrylic resin (HI PMMA) impregnated with zirconia nanoparticles after being stored for 180 days in distilled water (DW) and artificial saliva (AS). The specimens were divided into six groups for each storage medium, according to the concentration of zirconia nanoparticles (0, 1.5, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 10.0 wt.%). Data were statistically analysed for sorption and solubility using one-way and two-way ANOVA statistical tests. Sorption in DW and AS for all groups containing zirconia showed sorption values lower than the control group at 90 days, though not significantly different (p > 0.05) compared to the control group. For both the DW and AS groups, the lowest solubility value was measured in the group containing 3 wt.% zirconia, however, there was no significant difference compared to the control group except when observing 10 wt.% zirconia in AS, which showed a significantly higher solubility (p < 0.05). High-impact PMMA, impregnated with low concentrations of ZrO2, showed the lowest sorption and solubility in both media, but was not significantly different compared to pure HI PMMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Zidan
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (N.S.); (J.Y.)
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Sebha University, Sebha, Libya
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +44-79-3309-6536
| | - Nikolaos Silikas
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (N.S.); (J.Y.)
| | - Julfikar Haider
- Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK;
| | - Julian Yates
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (N.S.); (J.Y.)
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Maluf CV, Janott-Sarlo CA, Bertolini MDM, Menezes LR, Lourenço EJV, Telles DDM. In vitro evaluation of physicochemical properties of soft lining resins after incorporation of chlorhexidine. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 124:615.e1-615.e7. [PMID: 32540125 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Incorporating chlorhexidine into soft lining materials has been suggested to reduce biofilm development on the material surface and treat denture stomatitis. However, evaluation of the physicochemical properties of this material is necessary. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of resin-based denture soft lining materials modified with chlorhexidine diacetate (CDA). MATERIAL AND METHODS Two soft lining resins were tested, one based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and the other on polyethyl methacrylate (PEMA), into which 0.5%, 1.0%, or 2.0% of CDA was incorporated; the control group had no CDA. The specimens were stored for 2 hours, 48 hours, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days and then analyzed for polymer crystallinity, Shore A hardness, degree of monomer conversion, residual monomer leaching, and CDA release. Data were analyzed by using a 3-way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test (α=.05). RESULTS The polymer crystallinity of PEMA and PMMA did not change after CDA incorporation. Shore A hardness increased over time, but not for any CDA concentrations tested after 28 days (P>.05). Considering the degree of conversion, PMMA-based resin showed no statistically significant difference (P>.05). However, PEMA-based resin showed a significant decrease (P<.05), which was reflected in a significant increase in residual monomer leaching from PEMA-based resin with the incorporation of 0.5% and 1.0% CDA (P<.05), mainly in the first 48 hours. PMMA-based resin showed no change in monomer leaching (P>.05). For both resins, the CDA release kinetics were related to monomer leaching; for PEMA-based resin, the values were significantly higher in the first 48 hours (P<.05), and for PMMA-based resin, the values were more sustained up to the last day of analysis. CONCLUSIONS The incorporation of CDA did not affect the physicochemical properties of soft resins. The properties of PMMA were better than those of PEMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vieira Maluf
- Postdoctoral student, Department of Prosthodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lívia Rodrigues Menezes
- Adjunct Professor, Institute of Macromolecules Eloisa Mano, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel de Moraes Telles
- Full Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Drzymalski DM, Ward K, Hernandez JM, Hoot J, Au SC, Yang FSC, Azocar RJ. The effect of Tegaderm™ versus EyeGard® on eyelid erythema during general anesthesia: a randomized-controlled trial. Can J Anaesth 2020; 67:560-567. [DOI: 10.1007/s12630-020-01588-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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21
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Dental Materials and Implants. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_39-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Isaksson M, Rustemeyer T, Antelmi A. Contact Allergy to Dental Materials and Implants. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_39-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Chladek G, Pakieła K, Pakieła W, Żmudzki J, Adamiak M, Krawczyk C. Effect of Antibacterial Silver-Releasing Filler on the Physicochemical Properties of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Denture Base Material. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E4146. [PMID: 31835665 PMCID: PMC6947518 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colonization of polymeric dental prosthetic materials by yeast-like fungi and the association of these microorganisms with complications occurring during prosthetic treatment are important clinical problems. In previously presented research, submicron inorganic particles of silver sodium hydrogen zirconium phosphate (S-P) were introduced into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) denture base material which allowed for obtaining the antimicrobial effect during a 90 day experiment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the flexural strength, impact strength, hardness, wear resistance, sorption, and solubility during three months of storage in distilled water. With increasing S-P concentration after 2 days of conditioning in distilled water, reduced values of flexural strength (107-72 MPa), impact strength (18.4-5.5 MPa) as well as enhanced solubility (0.95-1.49 µg/mm3) were registered, but they were at acceptable levels, and the sorption was stable. Favorable changes included increased hardness (198-238 MPa), flexural modulus (2.9-3.3 GPa), and decreased volume loss during wear test (2.9-0.2 mm3). The percentage changes of the analyzed properties during the 90 days of storage in distilled water were similar for all materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Chladek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.P.); (W.P.); (J.Ż.); (M.A.)
| | - Katarzyna Pakieła
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.P.); (W.P.); (J.Ż.); (M.A.)
| | - Wojciech Pakieła
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.P.); (W.P.); (J.Ż.); (M.A.)
| | - Jarosław Żmudzki
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.P.); (W.P.); (J.Ż.); (M.A.)
| | - Marcin Adamiak
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.P.); (W.P.); (J.Ż.); (M.A.)
| | - Cezary Krawczyk
- Department of Dental Technology, Medical College, ul. 3 Maja 63, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
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Carbone GG, Serra A, Buccolieri A, Manno D. A silver nanoparticle-poly(methyl methacrylate) based colorimetric sensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02887. [PMID: 31799466 PMCID: PMC6881642 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A colorimetric sensor based on nanoparticles was developed for the detection of hydrogen peroxide. Nanoparticles were made using small sheets of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and silver nitrate. The optical properties of the solution were characterized by spectrophotometer using the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon. The shape and size of the nanoparticles were obtained using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Silver-poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles solution (AgNP-PMMA) proved to be particularly sensitive to hydrogen peroxide compared to other analytes. This sensor provided a quick, practical and easy tool to detect hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Giuseppe Carbone
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Serra
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "E. De Giorgi", University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandro Buccolieri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniela Manno
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "E. De Giorgi", University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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Evaluation of mechanical properties of new elastomer material applicable for dental 3D printer. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 100:103390. [PMID: 31563081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Digital technology has advanced and changed clinical dentistry. The utility of various thermoplastic materials for 3D dental printing has not been thoroughly explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate mechanical properties of a new thermoplastic elastomer material applicable for a dental 3D printer. MATERIAL & METHOD Three thermoplastic elastomers: ABS, PLA and an acrylic block copolymer (KUR) and a dental self-curing resin (PMMA) were used in this study. Physical properties were evaluated by measuring water sorption (WS), dimensional accuracy (DA), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and shear bond strength (SBS) to PMMA. For WS and DA, specimens were measured by weight and length, respectively after desiccation and immersion in 37 °C distilled water for 1 day, 1 week and 1 month. For UTS, the specimens were prepared according to ISO 527-2-5A and loaded to test the UTS at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min after storage in 37 °C distilled water for 24 h and 1 month. For SBS, MMA self-curing resin was filled in a Teflon ring which was mounted onto polished specimens to make the adhesive area. The prepared specimens were tested for SBS after storage in 37 °C distilled water for 24 h and 37 °C distilled water for 24 h followed by 10000 times thermal cycling. The data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA, two-way ANOVA and t-test with Bonferroni correction at 95% confidence level. RESULT The WS value of PMMA was significantly higher than those of the other materials after 1 day (p < 0.05), while the WS values of KUR were significantly higher than those of the other materials after 1 week and 1 month (p < 0.05). The DA values were influenced by water storage periods except for KUR. There were no significant differences among ABS, PLA and PMMA in SBS before thermal cycling (p > 0.05). The SBS of KUR was the lowest among the materials before thermal cycling (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between PMMA and KUR after thermal cycling (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The acrylic block copolymer demonstrated acceptable physical properties, suggesting the potential to be a material to make provisional restorations for a dental 3D printer.
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Dayan C, Guven MC, Gencel B, Bural C. A Comparison of the Color Stability of Conventional and CAD/CAM Polymethyl Methacrylate Denture Base Materials. Acta Stomatol Croat 2019; 53:158-167. [PMID: 31341324 PMCID: PMC6604561 DOI: 10.15644/asc53/2/8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the color stability of a heat polymerized resin, an auto-polymerizing resin, a urethane dimethacrylate resin and a CAD/CAM PMMA block resin stored in different storage media. Materials and methods 60 disc-shaped specimens (15×2 mm) were fabricated for each group. A total of 240 disc-shaped specimens were thermal-cycled for 5,000 cycles. Then specimens were randomized into 4 groups (n= 15) according to storage media: coffee, coke, red wine and distilled water (control group). The color measurement of each sample was performed using a spectrophotometer before and after storage (after 7 and 30 days), and color changes (ΔE) were calculated. Results All the denture base materials demonstrated dissimilar color changes after stored in the different storage media in both evaluation stages. In all storage media, CAD-CAM denture base resins showed the minimum in color change. In all denture base resins, red wine showed a higher degree of color change than coke or coffee. Conclusion The color stability of CAD-CAM denture base resins is better than any of the other kind of denture base resins. The color change values of all groups except Eclypse stored in red wine had clinically detectable values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagatay Dayan
- Program of Dental Technicians, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melahat Celik Guven
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yeni Yüzyıl University Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burc Gencel
- Program of Dental Technicians, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Bural
- Department of Prosthodontics, Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
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Residual monomer elution from different conventional and CAD/CAM dental polymers during artificial aging. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:277-284. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Muhsin SA, Hatton PV, Johnson A, Sereno N, Wood DJ. Determination of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) mechanical properties as a denture material. Saudi Dent J 2019; 31:382-391. [PMID: 31337944 PMCID: PMC6626261 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To optimize the gypsum mold temperatures for pressed PEEK, and to estimate the impact, tensile strength and flexural properties of pressed and milled PEEK. Where appropriate, these properties were compared with those of PMMA. Materials and Methods Since the mold temperature could affect the properties of the injected parts, the temperature of 20 gypsum specimens was monitored using the multi-thermocouple system (n = 5). A total of 210 specimens were prepared for mechanical tests according to the ISO standard for denture base polymer (n = 10). The Izod impact, tensile strength, and flexural behavior were assessed. PEEK-OptimaNI1 (PEEK-pressed) was tested after processing via the pressing method at4 different mold temperatures. Machining PEEK-Juvora (PEEK-milled) specimens were prepared using the CAD-CAM production method. Data were analyzed via one-way ANOVA performed at a confidence level of 95% and a significant P-value of (P ≤ 0.05). Results In comparison to the furnace temperature more heat was required to preheat the gypsum mold up to 100, 150, 175 and 200 °C for pressing purposes. The highest impact strength was 5.7 kJ/m2 for PEEK-pressed at 100 °C mold temperature and 4 kJ/m2 for PEEK-milled. The latter had a higher tensile strength of 118 MPa. The best result for PEEK-pressed was 97 MPa at 200 °C mold temperature. Under a 4-point bending test, Young’s modulus of PEEK-milled was 5591 MPa, while the highest for PEEK-pressed was 4936 MPa at 200 °C mold temperature. Conclusions Compared to PMMA, given the superior mechanical properties of PEEK, it may become the material of choice for future use. Dentures constructed from PEEK polymer could well be routinely constructed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saja A Muhsin
- Prosthetic Dental Technology, College of Health and Medical Technology, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Paul V Hatton
- Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Anthony Johnson
- Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Nuno Sereno
- Juvora™ Ltd, Hillhouse International, Thornton Cleveleys, Lancashire FY5 4QD, UK
| | - Duncan J Wood
- Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
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Jadhav SS, Mahajan N, Sethuraman R. Comparative evaluation of the amount of the residual monomer in conventional and deep-frozen heat cure polymethylmethacrylate acrylic resin: An in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2018; 18:147-153. [PMID: 29692568 PMCID: PMC5903178 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_206_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Statement of Problem: Heat cure acrylic resin material with reduced monomer content is generally recommended for clinical usage as it leads to improved mechanical, physical, and biocompatibility properties. Aims and Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the amount of the residual monomer in the conventional and three different groups of deep-frozen heat cure polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) acrylic resin. Materials and Methods: Totally 40 Specimens of heat cure PMMA acrylic resin (DPI India) (10 conventional heat cure and 30 deep frozen) were made using two disc-shaped stainless steel molds and invested into type II dental stone using compression molding technique. Each group contained 10 specimens (n = 10). Group 1: Control group of conventional polished PMMA specimen stored in water for 24 h at +37°C (10 specimens), Group 2: Deep frozen unpolished PMMA (10 specimens), Group 3: Deep frozen polished PMMA (10 specimens), and Group 4: Deep frozen polished PMMA specimen stored in water for 24 h at +37°C (10 specimens). Amount of the residual monomer content in all the specimens was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Data were analyzed using One-Way Analysis of Variance and multiple comparison Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results: Least residual monomer content was found in Group 4 (0.12 wt%) followed by Group 3 (0.19 wt%), Group 2 (0.23 wt%), and Group 1 (0.26 wt%). Statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was found in residual monomer content for all the four groups tested. Post hoc test for intergroup comparison also showed a significant difference between groups. Conclusion: The amount of the residual monomer was found to be least in deep-frozen polished PMMA specimen stored in water for 24 h at +37°C (Group 4). Thus, it can be concluded that deep freezing, polishing, and storing in water can reduce the residual monomer content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali S Jadhav
- Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Neerja Mahajan
- Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Sethuraman
- Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Shetty P, Chhapdia L, Verma P, Sahu A, Kushwaha NS, Chaturvedi R, Manna S. Comparative Analysis of the Water Sorption and Cytotoxicity of Two different Denture Base Systems: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18:771-774. [PMID: 28874639 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Different biomaterials and techniques have been introduced in the field of prosthetic dentistry with the purpose of replacement and rehabilitation of the edentulous areas. Due to their shorter setting time, the light-activated restorative and prosthetic materials have the capability of releasing few amount of cytotoxic materials in the oral cavity. Polymer materials [urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and bis-acryl] are assumed to have high mechanical properties. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) offers numerous advantages of being highly esthetic in nature and at the same time being cost-effective. Hence, this study aimed to assess and compare the water sorption and cytotoxicity of light-activated UDMA denture base resin and conventional heat-activated PMMA resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included assessment and comparison of water sorption and cytotoxicity of heat-activated PMMA resin and light-activated UDMA denture base system. Fabrication of heat-activated PMMA resin and UDMA specimens was done by investing the wax patterns in stone molds using manufacturer's instructions. Contraction of the specimens was done for assessment of cytotoxicity and water resorption of the UDMA and PMMA resin samples. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 18.0. Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance tests were used for the assessment of the level of significance; p < 0.05 was taken as significant. RESULTS Mean lysis score observed in the PMMA and UDMA groups was 0.4 and 0.3 respectively. While observing at the 3 months time, the mean water resorption in the PMMA and UDMA groups was found to be 37.9 and 40.2 respectively. Significant difference in relation to water resorption was observed between the two study groups only at 3 months time. CONCLUSION Both materials used in this study are nontoxic. Furthermore, UDMA resin materials exhibited lower water resorption after more than 1 month of time of storage. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Water resorption is similar for different denture base resin systems till 1 months time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Shetty
- Department of Prosthodontics, Triveni Institute of Dental Sciences, Hospital & Research Centre, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India, Phone: +919501544877, e-mail:
| | - Lokesh Chhapdia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Triveni Institute of Dental Sciences, Hospital & Research Centre, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh India
| | - Pranav Verma
- Department of Prosthodontics, Triveni Institute of Dental Sciences, Hospital & Research Centre, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh India
| | - Anshul Sahu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Triveni Institute of Dental Sciences, Hospital & Research Centre, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh India
| | - Narendra S Kushwaha
- Department of Prosthodontics, Triveni Institute of Dental Sciences, Hospital & Research Centre, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh India
| | - Rahul Chaturvedi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Triveni Institute of Dental Sciences, Hospital & Research Centre, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh India
| | - Suvashri Manna
- Department of Prosthodontics, Triveni Institute of Dental Sciences, Hospital & Research Centre, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh India
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Wiedemair V, Mayr S, Wimmer DS, Köck EM, Penner S, Kerstan A, Steinmassl PA, Dumfahrt H, Huck CW. Novel Molecular Spectroscopic Multimethod Approach for Monitoring Water Absorption/Desorption Kinetics of CAD/CAM Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Prosthodontics. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:1600-1612. [PMID: 27956591 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816682742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water absorbed to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based CAD/CAM (computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing) prosthodontics can alter their properties including hardness and stability. In the present contribution, water absorption and desorption kinetics under defined experimental conditions were monitored employing several supplementary and advanced Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic techniques in combination with multivariate analysis (MVA). In this synergistic vibrational spectroscopic multimethod approach, first a novel near-infrared (NIR) diffuse fiber optic probe reflection spectroscopic method was established for time-resolved analysis of water uptake within seven days under controlled conditions. Near-infrared water absorbance spectra in a wavenumber range between 5288-5100 cm-1 (combination band) and 5424-5352 cm-1 (second overtone) were used establishing corresponding calibration and validation models to quantify the amount of water in the milligram range. Therefore, 14 well-defined samples exposed to prior optimized experimental conditions were taken into consideration. The average daily water uptake conducting reference analysis was calculated as 22 mg/day for one week. Additionally, in this study for the first time NIR two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) was conducted to monitor and interpret the spectral dynamics of water absorption on the prosthodontics in a wavenumber range of 5100-5300 cm-1. For sensitive time-resolved recording of water desorption, a recently developed high-temperature, high-pressure FT-IR reaction cell with water-free ultra-dry in situ and operando operation was applied. The reaction cell, as well as the sample holder, was fully made of quartz glass, with no hot metal or ceramic parts in the vicinity of the high temperature zone. Applying a temperature gradient in the range of 25-150 ℃, mid-infrared (MIR) 2D-COS was successfully conducted to get insights into the dynamic behavior of O-H (1400-1800 cm-1) absorption bands with increasing temperature over time and the release of CO2 (2450 cm-1) from the polymers. In addition, an ATR FT-IR imaging setup was optimized in order to investigate the surface homogeneity of the PMMA-based resins with a spatial resolution to 2 µm. From this vibrational spectroscopic multimethod approach and the collection of several analytical data, conclusions were drawn as to which degree the surface structure and/or its porosity have an impact onto the amount of water absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Wiedemair
- 1 Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, CCB - Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sophia Mayr
- 1 Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, CCB - Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel S Wimmer
- 1 Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, CCB - Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva Maria Köck
- 2 Institute of Physical Chemistry, CCB - Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon Penner
- 2 Institute of Physical Chemistry, CCB - Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Patricia-Anca Steinmassl
- 4 University Hospital for Dental Prosthetics and Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Dumfahrt
- 4 University Hospital for Dental Prosthetics and Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian W Huck
- 1 Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, CCB - Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria
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Steinmassl PA, Wiedemair V, Huck C, Klaunzer F, Steinmassl O, Grunert I, Dumfahrt H. Do CAD/CAM dentures really release less monomer than conventional dentures? Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1697-1705. [PMID: 27704295 PMCID: PMC5442236 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) dentures are assumed to have more favourable material properties than conventionally fabricated dentures, among them a lower methacrylate monomer release. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis. Materials and methods CAD/CAM dentures were generated from ten different master casts by using four different CAD/CAM systems. Conventional, heat-polymerised dentures served as control group. Denture weight and volume were measured; the density was calculated, and the denture surface area was assessed digitally. The monomer release after 7 days of water storage was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results Whole You Nexteeth and Wieland Digital Dentures had significantly lower mean volume and weight than conventional dentures. Baltic Denture System and Whole You Nexteeth had a significantly increased density. Baltic Denture System had a significantly smaller surface area. None of the CAD/CAM dentures released significantly less monomer than the control group. Conclusions All tested dentures released very low amounts of methacrylate monomer, but not significantly less than conventional dentures. A statistically significant difference might nevertheless exist in comparison to other, less recommendable denture base materials, such as the frequently used autopolymerising resins. Clinical relevance CAD/CAM denture fabrication has numerous advantages. It enables the fabrication of dentures with lower resin volume and lower denture weight. Both could increase the patient comfort. Dentures with higher density might exhibit more favourable mechanical properties. The hypothesis that CAD/CAM dentures release less monomer than conventional dentures could, however, not be verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia-Anca Steinmassl
- University Hospital for Dental Prosthetics and Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, MZA, Anichstr. 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Wiedemair
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, CCB, Innrain 80, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, CCB, Innrain 80, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Klaunzer
- University Hospital for Dental Prosthetics and Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, MZA, Anichstr. 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Otto Steinmassl
- University Hospital for Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, MZA, Anichstr. 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Ingrid Grunert
- University Hospital for Dental Prosthetics and Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, MZA, Anichstr. 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Dumfahrt
- University Hospital for Dental Prosthetics and Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, MZA, Anichstr. 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Feng D, Gong H, Zhang J, Guo X, Yan M, Zhu S. Effects of antibacterial coating on monomer exudation and the mechanical properties of denture base resins. J Prosthet Dent 2016; 117:171-177. [PMID: 27460322 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Denture base resin may be exposed to different conditions for long periods, resulting in the loss of monomer by exudation and a decrease in mechanical properties. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate monomer loss by exudation from denture base resins doped with antibacterial coatings and their mechanical properties after long-term water immersion. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four kinds of dental base resin materials were used as experimental materials. The specimens of each resin were divided into an experimental group (coated) and a control group (uncoated). Monomer exudation was tested at 7 and 28 days by gas chromatography after materials were immersed in distilled water or a solution of 75% alcohol/distilled water. Flexural strength and elastic modulus were tested with a universal testing machine after immersion for 2 and 180 days. The surface morphology was characterized with atomic force microscopy. The data were analyzed using 3-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer honest significant difference test (α=.05). RESULTS In both of the immersion media, each of the 3 factors (materials, coating, and immersion time) significantly affected the monomer exudation (P<.05). In addition, the interaction between any 2 of those factors or among the 3 factors had a significant interaction effect on the monomer exudation of the denture base (P<.05). The mechanical properties of the tested materials were different, and the immersion time had a significant effect on the flexural properties (P<.05). For flexural strength, a significant interaction effect occurred among the 3 factors (material, coating, and immersion time) (P<.05). The coating has a significant effect on the elastic modulus of denture base resin (P<.05) and on the interaction between the material and immersion time (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS The silver-loaded mesoporous silica antibacterial coating can effectively reduce monomer exudation and enhance the flexural properties of denture base resin after immersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Feng
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihuan Gong
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yan
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Zhu
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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Fang J, Wang C, Li Y, Zhao Z, Mei L. Comparison of bacterial adhesion to dental materials of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. SCANNING 2016; 38:665-670. [PMID: 26991988 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Chuanyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease; West China Second University Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Li Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Department of Oral Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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Rashid H, Sheikh Z, Vohra F. Allergic effects of the residual monomer used in denture base acrylic resins. Eur J Dent 2016; 9:614-619. [PMID: 26929705 PMCID: PMC4745248 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.172621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Denture base resins are extensively used in dentistry for a variety of purposes. These materials can be classified as chemical, heat, light, and microwave polymerization materials depending upon the factor which starts the polymerization reaction. Their applications include use during denture base construction, relining existing dentures, and for fabrication of orthodontic removable appliances. There have been increased concerns regarding the safe clinical application of these materials as their biodegradation in the oral environment leads to harmful effects. Along with local side effects, the materials have certain occupational hazards, and numerous studies can be found in the literature mentioning those. The purpose of this article is to outline the cytotoxic consequences of denture base acrylic resins and clinical recommendations for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Rashid
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Sheikh
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Loth R, Loth T, Schwabe K, Bernhardt R, Schulz-Siegmund M, Hacker MC. Highly adjustable biomaterial networks from three-armed biodegradable macromers. Acta Biomater 2015; 26:82-96. [PMID: 26277378 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatible material platforms with adjustable properties and option for chemical modification are warranted for site-specific biomedical applications. To this end, three-armed biodegradable macromers of well-defined chemical characteristics were prepared from trivalent alcohols with different degrees of ethoxylation and different lengths of oligoester domains. A platform of 15 different macromers was established. The macromers were designed to exhibit different hydrophilicities and molecular weights and contained various types of oligoesters such as d,l-lactide, l-lactide and ε-caprolactone. Macromers chemical composition was determined and molecular weights ranged from 900 to 3000 Da. Thermally induced cross-linking of methacrylated macromers was monitored by oscillation rheology. A novel variant of the solid lipid templating technique was established to fabricate macroporous tissue engineering scaffolds from these macromers. Scaffold properties were thoroughly investigated regarding mechanical properties, compositional analysis including methacrylic double bond conversion, microstructure and porosity. Material properties could be controlled by macromer chemistry. By variation of the fabrication procedure and processing parameters scaffold porosity was increased up to 88%. Basic cytocompatibility was assessed including indirect and direct contact methods. The established macromers hold promise for various biomedical purposes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Specific biomedical applications require tailored biomaterials with defined properties. We established a macromer platform for preparation of tissue engineering scaffolds with adjustable chemical and mechanical characteristics. Macromers were composed of trivalent core alcohols with different degrees of ethoxylation to which biodegradable domains - lactide or ε-caprolactone - were oligomerized before final methacrylation. The solid lipid templating technique was adapted to fabricate macroporous scaffolds with controlled pore structure and porosity from the developed macromers, which can also be processed by solid freeform fabrication techniques. The material platform relies on clinically established chemistries of the biodegradable domains and the macromer concept enables the fabrication of networks in which cross-polymerization kinetics, mechanical properties and surface hydrophobicity is predefined by macromer chemistry. Cytocompatibility was confirmed by indirect and direct cell contact experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Loth
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Str. 15a, D-04317 Leipzig, Germany; Collaborative Research Center (SFB/Transregio 67), Matrixengineering, Leipzig and Dresden, Germany
| | - Tina Loth
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Str. 15a, D-04317 Leipzig, Germany; Collaborative Research Center (SFB/Transregio 67), Matrixengineering, Leipzig and Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Schwabe
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Str. 15a, D-04317 Leipzig, Germany; Collaborative Research Center (SFB/Transregio 67), Matrixengineering, Leipzig and Dresden, Germany
| | - Ricardo Bernhardt
- Max-Bergmann-Center of Biomaterials, Dresden, University of Technology, Budapester Str. 27, D-01062 Dresden, Germany; Collaborative Research Center (SFB/Transregio 67), Matrixengineering, Leipzig and Dresden, Germany
| | - Michaela Schulz-Siegmund
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Str. 15a, D-04317 Leipzig, Germany; Collaborative Research Center (SFB/Transregio 67), Matrixengineering, Leipzig and Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael C Hacker
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Str. 15a, D-04317 Leipzig, Germany; Collaborative Research Center (SFB/Transregio 67), Matrixengineering, Leipzig and Dresden, Germany.
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Encapsulation of paclitaxel in ultra-fine nanoparticles of acrylic/styrene terpolymer for controlled release. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Mahross HZ, Mohamed MD, Hassan AM, Baroudi K. Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Surface Roughness of Different Denture Base Materials. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:ZC39-42. [PMID: 26501010 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/14580.6488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surface roughness is an important property of denture bases since denture bases are in contact with oral tissues and a rough surface may affect tissues health due to microorganism accumulation. Therefore, the effect of cigarette smoke on the surface roughness of two commercially available denture base materials was evaluated to emphasize which type has superior properties for clinical use. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total numbers of 40 specimens were constructed from two commercially available denture base materials; heat-cured PMMA and visible light cured UDMA resins (20 for each). The specimens for each type were randomly divided into: Group I: Heat cured resin control group; Group II: Heat cured acrylic resin specimens exposed to cigarette smoking; Group III: Light cured resin control group; Group IV: Light cured resin specimens exposed to cigarette smoking. The control groups used for immersion in distilled water and the smoke test groups used for exposure to cigarette smoking. The smoke test groups specimens were exposed to smoking in a custom made smoking chamber by using 20 cigarettes for each specimen. The surface roughness was measured by using Pocket SurfPS1 profilometer and the measurements considered as the difference between the initial and final roughness measured before and after smoking. RESULTS The t-test for paired observation of test specimens after exposure to smoking was indicated significant change in surface roughness for Group II (p< 0.05) but has no significance with Group IV. Otherwise, there were no significant differences with control groups (Group I and III). CONCLUSION The surface roughness of the dentures constructed from heat cured acrylic resin had been increased after exposure to cigarette smoke but had no impact on the dentures constructed from visible light cured resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada Zaki Mahross
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Alfarabi Collages , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Mohammed Hassan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Alfarabi Collages , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kusai Baroudi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Alfarabi Collages , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Tsuji M, Ueda T, Sawaki K, Kawaguchi M, Sakurai K. Biocompatibility of a titanium dioxide-coating method for denture base acrylic resin. Gerodontology 2015. [PMID: 26223290 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ease of denture cleaning is of paramount importance in geriatric patients and those with limited dexterity. We have previously investigated methods of coating dentures with titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) and reported the effects (self-cleaning and antibacterial) of such treatments in in vitro studies. This study was to verify the biocompatibility of a TiO2 -coated acrylic resin produced by the new coating method with spray-coating technique. METHODS Specimens were prepared from denture base acrylic resin and polished up to grit #1000. The TiO2 -coating agent was sprayed onto the specimens using an airbrush gun. Specimens were then divided into 'polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)', 'primer-coated PMMA' and 'TiO2 -coated PMMA' groups to be evaluated for biological safety using a hamster oral mucosa irritation test, a guinea pig skin sensitisation test and a rabbit intracutaneous test. The biological reaction was scored. RESULTS Reaction scores were considerably <1.0, the acceptable limit set by the ISO, in all three tests. Indeed, in most samples, there was no deleterious effect at all. CONCLUSION These results tested on animals demonstrate that denture base resin coated with TiO2 by this method does not cause irritation or sensitisation of the oral mucosa, skin or intracutaneous tissue and is therefore good biocompatibility for use in close proximity to oral mucosa and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tsuji
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics & Gerodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ueda
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics & Gerodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kohei Sawaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Kaoru Sakurai
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics & Gerodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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Schellenberg J, Otto T, Schadewald A. Processing behavior and mechanical properties of autopolymerizing hypoallergenic denture base polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Schellenberg
- Institut für Kunststofftechnologie und -recycling; Industriestrasse 12, D-06369 Weißandt-Gölzau Germany
| | - Tobias Otto
- Institut für Kunststofftechnologie und -recycling; Industriestrasse 12, D-06369 Weißandt-Gölzau Germany
| | - Anke Schadewald
- Institut für Kunststofftechnologie und -recycling; Industriestrasse 12, D-06369 Weißandt-Gölzau Germany
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Kansu G, Kalyoncuoğlu T, Uyar P, Uzun E. Cell death induced by eluates from hypoallergenic denture base acrylic resins in NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells. J Dent Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Bando K, Takahashi H, Kinbara M, Tanaka Y, Kuroishi T, Sasaki K, Takano-Yamamoto T, Sugawara S, Endo Y. Resin monomers act as adjuvants in Ni-induced allergic dermatitis in vivo. J Dent Res 2014; 93:1101-7. [PMID: 25252875 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514552674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Resin monomers (RMs) are inflammatory agents and are thought to cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). However, mouse models are lacking, possibly because of the weak antigenicities of RMs. We previously reported that inflammatory substances can promote the allergic dermatitis (AD) induced by intradermally injected nickel (Ni-AD) in mice. Here, we examined the effects of RMs on Ni-AD. To sensitize mice to Ni, a mixture containing non-toxic concentrations of NiCl2 and an RM [either methyl methacrylate (MMA) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)] was injected intraperitoneally or into ear-pinnae intradermally. Ten days later, a mixture containing various concentrations of NiCl2 and/or an RM was intradermally injected into ear-pinnae, and ear-swelling was measured. In adoptive transfer experiments, spleen cells from sensitized mice were transferred intravenously into non-sensitized recipients, and 24 h later NiCl2 was challenged to ear-pinnae. Whether injected intraperitoneally or intradermally, RM plus NiCl2 mixtures were effective in sensitizing mice to Ni. AD-inducing Ni concentrations were greatly reduced in the presence of MMA or HEMA (at the sensitization step from 10 mM to 5 or 50 µM, respectively, and at the elicitation step from 10 µM to 10 or 100 nM, respectively). These effects of RMs were weaker in IL-1-knockout mice and in macrophage-depleted mice. Cell-transfer experiments in IL-1-knockout mice indicated that both the sensitization and elicitation steps depended on IL-1. Challenge with an RM alone did not induce allergic ear-swelling in mice given the same RM + NiCl2 10 days before the challenge. These results suggest that RMs act as adjuvants, not as antigens, to promote Ni-AD by reducing the AD-inducing concentration of Ni, and that IL-1 and macrophages are critically important for the adjuvant effects. We speculate that what were previously thought of as "RM-ACD" might include ACD caused by antigens other than RMs that have undergone promotion by the adjuvant effects of RMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bando
- Division of Molecular Regulation Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
| | - H Takahashi
- Division of Molecular Regulation Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - M Kinbara
- Division of Molecular Regulation Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
| | - Y Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Regulation
| | | | - K Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | | | | | - Y Endo
- Division of Molecular Regulation
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Wieckiewicz M, Boening KW, Richter G, Wieckiewicz W. Effect of thermocycling on the shear bond strength of different resins bonded to thermoplastic foil applied in occlusal splint therapy. J Prosthodont 2014; 24:220-4. [PMID: 24995684 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Temporomandibular disorders are a group of symptoms related to the impaired function of the temporomandibular joints and associated muscles. Occlusal splint therapy is a common treatment in the aforementioned syndrome. One of the methods of manufacturing occlusal splints is to place a polymer on thermoplastic foil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of light- and self-cured resins bonded to thermoplastic foil dependent on artificial aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty cylinders composed of light-cured resin and 30 cylinders made of self-cured resin were attached to 60 rectangular thermoplastic plates. All specimens were divided into six groups. A control study was conducted for groups 1 and 2. The other preparation groups were subjected to thermocycling by setting appropriately 1000 cycles for groups 3 and 4 and 3000 cycles for groups 5 and 6 in distilled water. Bond strength was measured in a universal testing machine. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS The statistics revealed that the values of the shear bond strength for specimens composed of self-cured resin after 1000 and 3000 thermocycles were significantly higher than on those made of light-cured resin (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002). CONCLUSION The shear bond strength between the self-cured resin and the thermoplastic foil was higher and more resistant to aging than the shear bond strength between the light-cured resin and the thermoplastic foil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieszko Wieckiewicz
- Assistant, Division of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Akin H, Tugut F, Polat ZA. In vitro comparison of the cytotoxicity and water sorption of two different denture base systems. J Prosthodont 2014; 24:152-5. [PMID: 24920440 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Denture base resins have the potential to cause cytotoxicity in vivo, and the mechanical properties of resins are affected by water sorption. There is a correlation between residual monomer and water sorption. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate water sorption and cytotoxicity of light-activated urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) denture base resin compared to a conventional heat-activated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two denture base resins, heat-activated PMMA (Meliodent) and light-activated UDMA (Eclipse), were used in this study. Cytotoxicity (5 × 1 mm(2) ) and water sorption (1 × 1 mm(2) ) specimens were made following the manufacturers' instructions (n = 10). Cytotoxicity tests of denture base resins were performed according to ISO10993-5:1999, and water sorption was evaluated according to ISO 1567:1997. ANOVA tests were employed for evaluating data (α = 0.05). RESULTS There was no cytotoxic effect in either the PMMA or UDMA group. In addition, contrary to short-term water storage, a significantly lower water sorption value was shown for UDMA resins compared to PMMA resins in both 3- and 6-month storage periods (p = 0.043 and p = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION The tested denture base materials adhered to the ISO standards for both cytotoxicity and water sorption. The cytotoxicity of the light-activated UDMA resin tested was statistically similar to that of the heat-activated PMMA resin; however, the UDMA resin exhibited decreased water sorption in long-term water storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Akin
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Osada H, Shimpo H, Hayakawa T, Ohkubo C. Influence of thickness and undercut of thermoplastic resin clasps on retentive force. Dent Mater J 2014; 32:381-9. [PMID: 23718997 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2012-284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thermoplastic resin clasps have been used for esthetic denture rehabilitation. However, details of the design of the clasps have never been thoroughly clarified. This study investigated the retentive forces of thermoplastic resin clasps for non-metal clasp dentures. The retentive forces of all thermoplastic resin clasps depended on the elastic modulus of each resin, undercuts, thickness, and widths of the tested. A clasp with more than 0.5 mm undercut and 1.0 mm thickness is needed for Valplast. Similarly, more than 0.25 mm undercut and 1.0 mm thickness and 0.5 mm undercut and 0.5 mm thickness are required for Estheshot and Reigning, respectively; thus, the recommended clasp arm thickness is 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm for Valplast and Estheshot and 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm for Reigning when the width of the retentive arm is 5.0 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Osada
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230- 8501, Japan.
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Hamanaka I, Takahashi Y, Shimizu H. Properties of injection-molded thermoplastic polyester denture base resins. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:139-44. [PMID: 24255964 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2013.814803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the properties of injection-molded thermoplastic polyester denture base resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two injection-molded thermoplastic polyester denture base resins (polyethylene terephthalate copolymer and polycycloalkylene terephthalate copolymer) were tested. Specimens of each denture base material were fabricated for flexural properties testing, Charpy impact testing and shear bond testing (n = 10). The flexural strength at the proportional limit, elastic modulus, Charpy impact strength and the shear bond strength of the two denture base materials were estimated. RESULTS The polycycloalkylene terephthalate copolymer denture base resin had significantly lower flexural strength at the proportional limit, lower elastic modulus, higher impact strength and lower shear bond strength compared to the polyethylene terephthalate copolymer denture base resin. CONCLUSION The properties of the injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins composed of polyethylene terephthalate copolymer and polycycloalkylene terephthalate copolymer were different from each other. The polycycloalkylene terephthalate copolymer denture base resin had significantly lower flexural strength at the proportional limit, lower elastic modulus, higher impact strength and lower shear bond strength compared to the polyethylene terephthalate copolymer denture base resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Hamanaka
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Fukuoka Dental College , Fukuoka , Japan
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Cilingir A, Bilhan H, Geckili O, Sulun T, Bozdag E, Sunbuloglu E. In vitro comparison of two different materials for the repair of urethan dimethacrylate denture bases. J Adv Prosthodont 2013; 5:396-401. [PMID: 24353876 PMCID: PMC3865193 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2013.5.4.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the flexural properties of a recently introduced urethane dimethacrylate denture base material (Eclipse) after being repaired with two different materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two repair groups and a control group consisting of 10 specimens each were generated. The ES group was repaired with auto-polymerizing polymer. The EE group was repaired with the Eclipse. The E group was left intact as a control group. A 3-point bending test device which was set to travel at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min was used. Specimens were loaded until fracture occurred and the mean displacement, maximum load, flexural modulus and flexural strength values and standard deviations were calculated for each group and the data were statistically analyzed. The results were assessed at a significance level of P<.05. RESULTS The mean "displacement", "maximum load before fracture", "flexural strength" and "flexural modulus" rates of Group E were statistically significant higher than those of Groups ES and EE, but no significant difference (P>.05) was found between the mean values of Group ES and EE. There was a statistically significant positive relation (P<.01) between the displacement and maximum load of Group ES (99.5%), Group EE (94.3%) and Group E (84.4%). CONCLUSION The more economic and commonly used self-curing acrylic resin can be recommended as an alternative repair material for Eclipse denture bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altug Cilingir
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Bilhan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onur Geckili
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tonguc Sulun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ergun Bozdag
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emin Sunbuloglu
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
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Goiato MC, Zuccolotti BCR, dos Santos DM, Sinhoreti MAC, Moreno A. Effect of intrinsic nanoparticle pigmentation on the color stability of denture base acrylic resins. J Prosthet Dent 2013; 110:101-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(13)60387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Difference in water accumulation patterns between solid and closed hollow obturators under a thermal cycle. J Craniofac Surg 2012; 23:1535-9. [PMID: 22976652 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e318260eeb6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Water accumulation in the hollow space of a maxillary obturator is a continuing problem, and it is unclear whether the porosity of acrylic resin is involved in the mechanism. The purposes of the study were to evaluate the effect of a hollow space in the resin obturator on water sorption under a thermal cycle and to determine factors associated with water accumulation in the obturator. Twenty solid spheres (30-mm diameter) and 40 hemispheres (30-mm diameter, 1.5 mm thickness) were fabricated from heat-polymerized acrylic resin. Closed hollow specimens consisted of 2 hemispheres joined with autopolymerizing resin. Ten solid and 10 closed hollow specimens were immersed in distilled water, whereas the other specimens were stored at 100% relative humidity. Each specimen was thermocycled (5°C-37°C) with a dwell time of 12 hours and weighed every 12 hours for 180 days. Of the 20 closed hollow specimens, 16 showed no water accumulation (8 in distilled water, 8 at 100% humidity). The weight of these specimens became saturated by day 90, with increases from the initial weight of 1.41% at 5°C and 1.36% at 37°C. By day 180, the weights of the solid specimens had increased by 0.96% at 5°C and 0.94% at 37°C. Weight fluctuation associated with temperature was observed for both types of specimens and for all storage conditions. It is concluded that water accumulation inside a closed hollow obturator is not directly related to the water absorption properties of the acrylic resin but is related to thermal damage of the obturator.
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Takahashi Y, Hamanaka I, Shimizu H. Effect of thermal shock on mechanical properties of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins. Acta Odontol Scand 2012; 70:297-302. [PMID: 21793643 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2011.600719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of thermal shock on the mechanical properties of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four thermoplastic resins (two polyamides, one polyethylene terephthalate, one polycarbonate) and, as a control, a conventional heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), were tested. Specimens of each denture base material were fabricated according to ISO 1567 and were either thermocycled or not thermocycled (n = 10). The flexural strength at the proportional limit (FS-PL), the elastic modulus and the Charpy impact strength of the denture base materials were estimated. RESULTS Thermocycling significantly decreased the FS-PL of one of the polyamides and the PMMA and it significantly increased the FS-PL of one of the polyamides. In addition, thermocycling significantly decreased the elastic modulus of one of the polyamides and significantly increased the elastic moduli of one of the polyamides, the polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate and PMMA. Thermocycling significantly decreased the impact strength of one of the polyamides and the polycarbonate. CONCLUSIONS The mechanical properties of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins changed after themocycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Takahashi
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
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