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Yao Y, Zhang S, Wang B, Lin X, Zhao G, Deng H, Chen Y. Neural dysfunction underlying working memory processing at different stages of the illness course in schizophrenia: a comparative meta-analysis. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae267. [PMID: 38960703 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia, as a chronic and persistent disorder, exhibits working memory deficits across various stages of the disorder, yet the neural mechanisms underlying these deficits remain elusive with inconsistent neuroimaging findings. We aimed to compare the brain functional changes of working memory in patients at different stages: clinical high risk, first-episode psychosis, and long-term schizophrenia, using meta-analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Following a systematic literature search, 56 whole-brain task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging studies (15 for clinical high risk, 16 for first-episode psychosis, and 25 for long-term schizophrenia) were included. The separate and pooled neurofunctional mechanisms among clinical high risk, first-episode psychosis, and long-term schizophrenia were generated by Seed-based d Mapping toolbox. The clinical high risk and first-episode psychosis groups exhibited overlapping hypoactivation in the right inferior parietal lobule, right middle frontal gyrus, and left superior parietal lobule, indicating key lesion sites in the early phase of schizophrenia. Individuals with first-episode psychosis showed lower activation in left inferior parietal lobule than those with long-term schizophrenia, reflecting a possible recovery process or more neural inefficiency. We concluded that SCZ represent as a continuum in the early stage of illness progression, while the neural bases are inversely changed with the development of illness course to long-term course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Yao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Boyao Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lin
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jinning, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Delay activity during visual working memory: A meta-analysis of 30 fMRI experiments. Neuroimage 2022; 255:119204. [PMID: 35427771 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual working memory refers to the temporary maintenance and manipulation of task-related visual information. Recent debate on the underlying neural substrates of visual working memory has focused on the delay period of relevant tasks. Persistent neural activity throughout the delay period has been recognized as a correlate of working memory, yet regions demonstrating sustained hemodynamic responses show inconsistency across individual studies. To develop a more precise understanding of delay-period activations during visual working memory, we conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis on 30 fMRI experiments involving 515 healthy adults with a mean age of 25.65 years. The main analysis revealed a widespread frontoparietal network associated with delay-period activity, as well as activation in the right inferior temporal cortex. These findings were replicated using different meta-analytical algorithms and were shown to be robust against between-study heterogeneity and publication bias. Further meta-analyses on different subgroups of experiments with specific task demands and stimulus types revealed similar delay-period networks, with activations distributed across the frontal and parietal cortices. The roles of prefrontal regions, posterior parietal regions, and inferior temporal areas are reviewed and discussed in the context of content-specific storage. We conclude that cognitive operations that occur during the unfilled delay period in visual working memory tasks can be flexibly expressed across a frontoparietal-temporal network depending on experimental parameters.
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Huang AS, Rogers BP, Anticevic A, Blackford JU, Heckers S, Woodward ND. Brain function during stages of working memory in schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:2136-2142. [PMID: 31185485 PMCID: PMC6898667 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is impaired in psychotic disorders and linked to functional outcome. Most neurobiological models emphasize prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction in the etiology of WM impairment. However, WM is composed of multiple processes, including encoding and maintenance, and the delineation of the neurobiology of these sub-processes has not been well characterized in schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder. Functional MRI was obtained during an event-related spatial delayed match-to-sample task from 58 healthy individuals, 72 individuals with schizophrenia and 41 people with bipolar I disorder with psychotic features in order to: 1) characterize neural responses during encoding, maintenance and retrieval stages of WM using complementary region-of-interest and whole brain approaches; 2) determine whether schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder exhibit similar abnormalities in WM-related brain function; and 3) elucidate the associations between WM-related brain function, task performance, and neuropsychological functioning. Both schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder groups showed encoding- and maintenance-related impairments in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and frontal eye fields (FEF). BOLD response in the PPC and FEF, during encoding and maintenance respectively, was associated with task performance independent of group. Additionally, encoding-related activation in the PPC correlated with general neuropsychological functioning independent of group. Only encoding-related activation in the right ventral striatum differed between schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder; individuals with schizophrenia showed significantly lower activation than both psychotic bipolar disorder and healthy groups. Our results are consistent with emerging evidence implicating PPC dysfunction in WM impairment and suggest interventions targeting neural activation in PPC may improve WM and neuropsychological functioning across psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Huang
- 0000 0004 1936 9916grid.412807.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Baxter P. Rogers
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Alan Anticevic
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- 0000 0004 1936 9916grid.412807.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37212 USA ,0000 0004 0370 7685grid.34474.30Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Health Scientist, Research and Development, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Stephan Heckers
- 0000 0004 1936 9916grid.412807.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Neil D. Woodward
- 0000 0004 1936 9916grid.412807.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37212 USA
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Wu D, Jiang T. Schizophrenia-related abnormalities in the triple network: a meta-analysis of working memory studies. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 14:971-980. [PMID: 30820860 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous meta-analyses found abnormal brain activations in schizophrenia patients compared with normal controls when performing working memory tasks. Although most studies focused on dysfunction of the working memory activation network in schizophrenia patients, deactivation abnormalities of the working memory in the default mode network have also been reported in schizophrenia but have received less attention. Our goal was to discover whether deactivation abnormalities can also be consistently found in schizophrenia during working memory tasks and, further, to consider both activation and deactivation abnormalities. Fifty-two English language peer-reviewed studies were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with normal controls, the schizophrenia patients showed activation dysfunction of the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex as well as the anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and supplementary motor area, which are core nodes of the central executive and salience network. In addition to dysfunction of the activation networks, the patients showed deactivation abnormalities in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex, which are core nodes of the default mode network. These results suggest that both activation and deactivation abnormalities exist in schizophrenia patients and that these abnormalities should both be considered when investigating the pathophysiological mechanism of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongya Wu
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hai Dian District, Zhong Guan Cun East Road 95, Beijing, 100190, China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hai Dian District, Zhong Guan Cun East Road 95, Beijing, 100190, China. .,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 625014, China. .,The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Wu XJ, Zeng LL, Shen H, Yuan L, Qin J, Zhang P, Hu D. Functional network connectivity alterations in schizophrenia and depression. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 263:113-120. [PMID: 28371656 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a high degree of overlap between the symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia, but it remains unclear whether the similar symptoms are derived from convergent alterations in functional network connectivity. In this study, we performed a group independent component analysis on resting-state functional MRI data from 20 MDD patients, 24 schizophrenia patients, and 43 matched healthy controls. The functional network connectivity analysis revealed that, compared to healthy controls, the MDD and schizophrenia patients exhibited convergent decreased positive connectivity between the left and right fronto-parietal control network and decreased negative connectivity between the left control and medial visual networks. Furthermore, the MDD patients showed decreased negative connectivity between the left control and auditory networks, and the schizophrenia patients showed decreased positive connectivity between the bilateral control and language networks and decreased negative connectivity between the right control and dorsal attention networks. The convergent network connectivity alterations may underlie the common primary control and regulation disorders, and the divergent connectivity alterations may enable the distinction between the two disorders. All of the convergent and divergent network connectivity alterations were relevant to the control network, suggesting an important role of the network in the pathophysiology of MDD and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jie Wu
- Department of Control Engineering, Naval Aeronautical and Astronautical University, Yantai, Shandong 264001, China; College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Ling-Li Zeng
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Hui Shen
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Jian Qin
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Dewen Hu
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China.
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Bernard JA, Russell CE, Newberry RE, Goen JR, Mittal VA. Patients with schizophrenia show aberrant patterns of basal ganglia activation: Evidence from ALE meta-analysis. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 14:450-463. [PMID: 28275545 PMCID: PMC5328905 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The diverse circuits and functional contributions of the basal ganglia, coupled with known differences in dopaminergic function in patients with schizophrenia, suggest they may be an important contributor to the etiology of the hallmark symptoms and cognitive dysfunction experienced by these patients. Using activation-likelihood-estimation meta-analysis of functional imaging research, we investigated differences in activation patterns in the basal ganglia in patients with schizophrenia, relative to healthy controls across task domains. This analysis included 42 functional neuroimaging studies, representing a variety of behavioral domains that have been linked to basal ganglia function in prior work. We provide important new information about the functional activation patterns and functional topography of the basal ganglia for different task domains in healthy controls. Crucially however, we demonstrate that across task domains, patients with schizophrenia show markedly decreased activation in the basal ganglia relative to healthy controls. Our results provide further support for basal ganglia dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia, and the broad dysfunction across task domains may contribute to the symptoms and cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Bernard
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, United States
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, United States
| | - Courtney E. Russell
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, United States
| | - Raeana E. Newberry
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, United States
| | - James R.M. Goen
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, United States
| | - Vijay A. Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, United States
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, United States
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, United States
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Avsar KB, Weller RE, Cox JE, Reid MA, White DM, Lahti AC. An fMRI investigation of delay discounting in patients with schizophrenia. Brain Behav 2013; 3:384-401. [PMID: 24381810 PMCID: PMC3869680 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with a reduced ability to set meaningful goals to reach desired outcomes. The delay-discounting (DD) task, in which one chooses between sooner smaller and later larger rewards, has proven useful in revealing executive function and reward deficits in various clinical groups. We used fMRI in patients with SZ and healthy controls (HC) to compare brain activation during performance of a DD task. Prior to the neuroimaging session, we obtained each participant's rate of DD, k, on a DD task and used it to select a version of the DD task for each participant's fMRI session. Because of the importance of comparing fMRI results from groups matched on performance, we used a criterion value of R (2) > 0.60 for response consistency on the DD task to analyze fMRI activation to DD task versus control trials from consistent SZ (n = 14) and consistent HC (n = 14). We also compared activation between the groups on contrasts related to trial difficulty. Finally, we contrasted the inconsistent SZ (n = 9) with the consistent HC and consistent SZ; these results should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistent SZ's aberrant performance on the task. Compared with consistent HC, consistent SZ showed reduced activation to DD task versus control trials in executive function and reward areas. In contrast, consistent SZ showed more activation in the precuneus and posterior cingulate, regions of the default mode network (DMN) that are typically deactivated during tasks, and in the insula, a region linked to emotional processing. Furthermore, consistent SZ had abnormal activation of lateral and medial frontal regions in relation to trial difficulty. These results point to disruption of several neural networks during decision making, including the executive, reward, default mode, and emotional networks, and suggest processes that are impaired during decision making in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Burton Avsar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-0017 ; Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-1170
| | - Rosalyn Eve Weller
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-1170
| | - James Edward Cox
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-1170
| | - Meredith Amanda Reid
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-0017 ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-2182
| | - David Matthew White
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-0017
| | - Adrienne Carol Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-0017
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Memory deficits in schizophrenia: a selective review of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) studies. Behav Sci (Basel) 2013; 3:330-347. [PMID: 25379242 PMCID: PMC4217593 DOI: 10.3390/bs3030330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex chronic mental illness that is characterized by positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. Cognitive deficits are most predictive of long-term outcomes, with abnormalities in memory being the most robust finding. The advent of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has allowed exploring neural correlates of memory deficits in vivo. In this article, we will give a selective review of fMRI studies probing brain regions and functional networks that are thought to be related to abnormal memory performance in two memory systems prominently affected in schizophrenia; working memory and episodic memory. We revisit the classic "hypofrontality" hypothesis of working memory deficits and explore evidence for frontotemporal dysconnectivity underlying episodic memory abnormalities. We conclude that fMRI studies of memory deficits in schizophrenia are far from universal. However, the current literature does suggest that alterations are not isolated to a few brain regions, but are characterized by abnormalities within large-scale brain networks.
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