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Ramírez-Salazar SA, MacRae C, Feany MB, Miller M, Yang HS, Meadows ME, McGinnis SM, Silbersweig D, Gale SA, Daffner KR. Case Study 6: The Diagnostic Challenge of a 75-Year-Old Man Who Had, Then Didn't Have, Then Did Have Alzheimer's Disease. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 35:325-332. [PMID: 37840261 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20230097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Ramírez-Salazar
- Departments of Neurology (Ramírez-Salazar, Yang, Meadows, McGinnis, Gale, Daffner) and Psychiatry (Silbersweig), Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, and Department of Pathology (MacRae, Feany, Miller), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Cassie MacRae
- Departments of Neurology (Ramírez-Salazar, Yang, Meadows, McGinnis, Gale, Daffner) and Psychiatry (Silbersweig), Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, and Department of Pathology (MacRae, Feany, Miller), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Mel B Feany
- Departments of Neurology (Ramírez-Salazar, Yang, Meadows, McGinnis, Gale, Daffner) and Psychiatry (Silbersweig), Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, and Department of Pathology (MacRae, Feany, Miller), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Michael Miller
- Departments of Neurology (Ramírez-Salazar, Yang, Meadows, McGinnis, Gale, Daffner) and Psychiatry (Silbersweig), Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, and Department of Pathology (MacRae, Feany, Miller), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Hyun-Sik Yang
- Departments of Neurology (Ramírez-Salazar, Yang, Meadows, McGinnis, Gale, Daffner) and Psychiatry (Silbersweig), Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, and Department of Pathology (MacRae, Feany, Miller), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Mary-Ellen Meadows
- Departments of Neurology (Ramírez-Salazar, Yang, Meadows, McGinnis, Gale, Daffner) and Psychiatry (Silbersweig), Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, and Department of Pathology (MacRae, Feany, Miller), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Scott M McGinnis
- Departments of Neurology (Ramírez-Salazar, Yang, Meadows, McGinnis, Gale, Daffner) and Psychiatry (Silbersweig), Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, and Department of Pathology (MacRae, Feany, Miller), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - David Silbersweig
- Departments of Neurology (Ramírez-Salazar, Yang, Meadows, McGinnis, Gale, Daffner) and Psychiatry (Silbersweig), Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, and Department of Pathology (MacRae, Feany, Miller), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Seth A Gale
- Departments of Neurology (Ramírez-Salazar, Yang, Meadows, McGinnis, Gale, Daffner) and Psychiatry (Silbersweig), Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, and Department of Pathology (MacRae, Feany, Miller), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Kirk R Daffner
- Departments of Neurology (Ramírez-Salazar, Yang, Meadows, McGinnis, Gale, Daffner) and Psychiatry (Silbersweig), Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, and Department of Pathology (MacRae, Feany, Miller), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
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Jung NY, Kim ES, Kim HS, Jeon S, Lee MJ, Pak K, Lee JH, Lee YM, Lee K, Shin JH, Ko JK, Lee JM, Yoon JA, Hwang C, Choi KU, Lee EC, Seong JK, Huh GY, Kim DS, Kim EJ. Comparison of Diagnostic Performances Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers and Amyloid PET in a Clinical Setting. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:473-490. [PMID: 32039853 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The diagnostic performances of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) were compared by examining the association and concordance or discordance between CSF Aβ1-42 and amyloid PET, after determining our own cut-off values for CSF Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. Furthermore, we evaluated the ability of CSF biomarkers and amyloid PET to predict clinical progression. CSF Aβ1-42, t-tau, and p-tau levels were analyzed in 203 individuals [27 normal controls, 38 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 62 AD dementia, and 76 patients with other neurodegenerative diseases] consecutively recruited from two dementia clinics. We used both visual and standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR)-based amyloid PET assessments for analyses. The association of CSF biomarkers with amyloid PET SUVR, hippocampal atrophy, and cognitive function were investigated by linear regression analysis, and the risk of conversion from MCI to AD dementia was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model. CSF p-tau/Aβ1-42 and t-tau/Aβ1-42 exhibited the best diagnostic accuracies among the CSF AD biomarkers examined. Correlations were observed between CSF biomarkers and global SUVR, hippocampal volume, and cognitive function. Overall concordance and discordance between CSF Aβ1-42 and amyloid PET was 77% and 23%, respectively. Baseline positive CSF Aβ1-42 for MCI demonstrated a 5.6-fold greater conversion risk than negative CSF Aβ1-42 . However, amyloid PET findings failed to exhibit significant prognostic value. Therefore, despite presence of a significant correlation between the CSF Aβ1-42 level and SUVR of amyloid PET, and a relevant concordance between CSF Aβ1-42 and amyloid PET, baseline CSF Aβ1-42 better predicted AD conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Yeon Jung
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangyoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Shin
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kyeung Ko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Meen Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin A Yoon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungsu Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Un Choi
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Chong Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Kyung Seong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Yeong Huh
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Sörensen A, Blazhenets G, Schiller F, Meyer PT, Frings L. Amyloid biomarkers as predictors of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's dementia: a comparison of methods. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:155. [PMID: 33213489 PMCID: PMC7678323 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Amyloid-β (Aβ) PET is an established predictor of conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). We compared three PET (including an approach based on voxel-wise Cox regression) and one cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outcome measures in their predictive power. Methods Datasets were retrieved from the ADNI database. In a training dataset (N = 159), voxel-wise Cox regression and principal component analyses were used to identify conversion-related regions (Cox-VOI and AD conversion-related pattern (ADCRP), respectively). In a test dataset (N = 129), the predictive value of mean normalized 18F-florbetapir uptake (SUVR) in AD-typical brain regions (composite SUVR) or the Cox-VOI and the pattern expression score (PES) of ADCRP and CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 as predictors were compared by Cox models (corrected for age and sex). Results All four Aβ measures were significant predictors (p < 0.001). Prediction accuracies (Harrell’s c) showed step-wise significant increases from Cox-SUVR (c = 0.71; HR = 1.84 per Z-score increase), composite SUVR (c = 0.73; HR = 2.18), CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 (c = 0.75; HR = 3.89) to PES (c = 0.77; HR = 2.71). Conclusion The PES of ADCRP is the most predictive Aβ PET outcome measure, comparable to CSF Aβ42/Aβ40, with a slight but statistically significant advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnd Sörensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ganna Blazhenets
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schiller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Tobias Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lars Frings
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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4
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Jeong HE, Shin DH, Lee DC. Medial Temporal Atrophy Alone is Insufficient to Predict Underlying Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. Korean J Fam Med 2020; 41:352-358. [PMID: 32521990 PMCID: PMC7509126 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.18.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The medial temporal region is the earliest affected structure in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and its atrophy is known as the hallmark of AD. This study aimed to investigate the value of medial temporal atrophy (MTA) for detecting 18F-florbetaben positron emission tomography (PET)-proven AD pathology. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 265 subjects complaining of cognitive decline at a dementia outpatient clinic from March 2015 to December 2017. All subjects underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET, and 18F-florbetaben PET at baseline. We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses on variables including age, sex, years of education, white matter hyperintensities, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, and memory composite scores in various combinations to investigate whether MTA was indicative of underlying AD pathology. Results Our sample population of 265 patients comprised 121 with AD-related cognitive impairment, 42 with Lewy bodies-related cognitive impairment, 32 with vascular cognitive impairment, and 70 with other or undetermined pathologies. In the multivariable logistic regression analyses, MTA was not an independent predictor of underlying AD pathology (P>0.200). The predictive power of underlying AD-related cognitive impairment significantly increased when multiple variables including APOE genotype and memory composite scores were considered together (area under the curve >0.750). Conclusion Our results suggest that MTA alone may be insufficient to accurately predict the presence of AD pathology. It is necessary to comprehensively consider various other factors such as APOE genotype and a detailed memory function to determine whether the patient is at high risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Eun Jeong
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da Hye Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk-Chul Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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5
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Kim SE, Lee B, Park S, Cho SH, Kim SJ, Kim Y, Jang H, Jeong JH, Yoon SJ, Park KW, Kim EJ, Jung NY, Yoon B, Jang JW, Hong JY, Hwang J, Na DL, Seo SW, Choi SH, Kim HJ. Clinical significance of focal ß-amyloid deposition measured by 18F-flutemetamol PET. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:6. [PMID: 31901233 PMCID: PMC6942396 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Although amyloid PET of typical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) shows diffuse ß-amyloid (Aß) deposition, some patients show focal deposition. The clinical significance of this focal Aß is not well understood. We examined the clinical significance of focal Aß deposition in terms of cognition as well as Aß and tau cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels. We further evaluated the order of Aß accumulation by visual assessment. Methods We included 310 subjects (125 cognitively unimpaired, 125 mild cognitive impairment, and 60 AD dementia) from 9 referral centers. All patients underwent neuropsychological tests and 18F-flutemetamol (FMM) PET. Seventy-seven patients underwent CSF analysis. Each FMM scan was visually assessed in 10 regions (frontal, precuneus and posterior cingulate, lateral temporal, parietal, and striatum of each hemisphere) and was classified into three groups: No-FMM, Focal-FMM (FMM uptake in 1–9 regions), and Diffuse-FMM (FMM uptake in all 10 regions). Results 53/310 (17.1%) subjects were classified as Focal-FMM. The cognitive level of the Focal-FMM group was better than that of Diffuse-FMM group and worse than that of No-FMM group. Among the Focal-FMM group, those who had FMM uptake to a larger extent or in the striatum had worse cognitive levels. Compared to the Diffuse-FMM group, the Focal-FMM group had a less AD-like CSF profile (increased Aß42 and decreased t-tau, t-tau/Aß42). Among the Focal-FMM group, Aß deposition was most frequently observed in the frontal (62.3%) and least frequently observed in the striatum (43.4%) and temporal (39.6%) regions. Conclusions We suggest that focal Aß deposition is an intermediate stage between no Aß and diffuse Aß deposition. Furthermore, among patients with focal Aß deposition, those who have Aß to a larger extent and striatal involvement show clinical features close to diffuse Aß deposition. Further longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the disease progression of patients with focal Aß deposition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-019-0577-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-ku, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Byungju Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yuseong Geriatric Rehabilitation Hospital, Pohang, Korea
| | - Seongbeom Park
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-ku, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Alzheimer Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Cho
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-ku, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-ku, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Yeshin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyemin Jang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-ku, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Alzheimer Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Park
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A Medical Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Busan, Korea
| | - Na Yeon Jung
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Bora Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Jang
- Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Hong
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jihye Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Daegu Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-ku, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Alzheimer Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-ku, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Alzheimer Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hye Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-ku, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea. .,Samsung Alzheimer Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. .,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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6
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de Wilde A, Reimand J, Teunissen CE, Zwan M, Windhorst AD, Boellaard R, van der Flier WM, Scheltens P, van Berckel BNM, Bouwman F, Ossenkoppele R. Discordant amyloid-β PET and CSF biomarkers and its clinical consequences. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2019; 11:78. [PMID: 31511058 PMCID: PMC6739952 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background In vivo, high cerebral amyloid-β load has been associated with (i) reduced concentrations of Aβ42 in cerebrospinal fluid and (ii) increased retention using amyloid-β positron emission tomography. Although these two amyloid-β biomarkers generally show good correspondence, ~ 10–20% of cases have discordant results. To assess the consequences of having discordant amyloid-β PET and CSF biomarkers on clinical features, biomarkers, and longitudinal cognitive trajectories. Methods We included 768 patients (194 with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 127 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 309 Alzheimer’s dementia (AD), and 138 non-AD) who were categorized as concordant-negative (n = 315, 41%), discordant (n = 97, 13%), or concordant-positive (n = 356, 46%) based on CSF and PET results. We compared discordant with both concordant-negative and concordant-positive groups on demographics, clinical syndrome, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status, CSF tau, and clinical and neuropsychological progression. Results We found an increase from concordant-negative to discordant to concordant-positive in rates of APOE ε4 (28%, 55%, 70%, Z = − 10.6, P < 0.001), CSF total tau (25%, 45%, 78%, Z = − 13.7, P < 0.001), and phosphorylated tau (28%, 43%, 80%, Z = − 13.7, P < 0.001) positivity. In patients without dementia, linear mixed models showed that Mini-Mental State Examination and memory composite scores did not differ between concordant-negative (β [SE] − 0.13[0.08], P = 0.09) and discordant (β 0.08[0.15], P = 0.15) patients (Pinteraction = 0.19), while these scores declined in concordant-positive (β − 0.75[0.08] patients (Pinteraction < 0.001). In patients with dementia, longitudinal cognitive scores were not affected by amyloid-β biomarker concordance or discordance. Clinical progression rates from SCD to MCI or dementia (P = 0.01) and from MCI to dementia (P = 0.003) increased from concordant-negative to discordant to concordant-positive. Conclusions Discordant cases were intermediate to concordant-negative and concordant-positive patients in terms of genetic (APOE ε4) and CSF (tau) markers of AD. While biomarker agreement did not impact cognition in patients with dementia, discordant biomarkers are not benign in patients without dementia given their higher risk of clinical progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-019-0532-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno de Wilde
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Juhan Reimand
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia.,Center of Radiology, North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marissa Zwan
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart N M van Berckel
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Bouwman
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Shimizu S, Hirose D, Hatanaka H, Takenoshita N, Kaneko Y, Ogawa Y, Sakurai H, Hanyu H. Role of Neuroimaging as a Biomarker for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurol 2018; 9:265. [PMID: 29720959 PMCID: PMC5915477 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It has recently been recognized that neurodegenerative diseases are caused by common cellular and molecular mechanisms including protein aggregation and inclusion body formation. Each type of neurodegenerative disease is characterized by the specific protein that aggregates. In these days, the pathway involved in protein aggregation has been elucidated. These are leading to approaches toward disease-modifying therapies. Neurodegenerative diseases are fundamentally diagnosed pathologically. Therefore, autopsy is essential for a definitive diagnosis of a neurodegenerative disease. However, recently, the development of various molecular brain imaging techniques have enabled pathological changes in the brain to be inferred even without autopsy. Some molecular imaging techniques are described as biomarker in diagnostic criteria of neurodegenerative disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and amyloid imaging are described in the diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease in the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association. MRI, dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging, and 123I-metaiodobenzyl-guanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy listed in the guidelines for consensus clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies are described as potential biomarkers. The Movement Disorder Society Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Study Group defined MRI, SPECT/PET, DAT imaging, and tau imaging as biomarkers. Other diagnostic criteria for neurodegenerative disease described neuroimaging findings as only characteristic finding, not as biomarker. In this review, we describe the role of neuroimaging as a potential biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Shimizu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hirose
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokuni Hatanaka
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Takenoshita
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Kaneko
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ogawa
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sakurai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruo Hanyu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Renard D, Collombier L, Demattei C, Wacongne A, Charif M, Ayrignac X, Azakri S, Gaillard N, Boudousq V, Lehmann S, Menjot de Champfleur N, Thouvenot E. Cerebrospinal Fluid, MRI, and Florbetaben-PET in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Inflammation. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 61:1107-1117. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Renard
- Department of Neurology, CHU Nîmes, Hôpital Caremeau, France
| | | | | | - Anne Wacongne
- Department of Neurology, CHU Nîmes, Hôpital Caremeau, France
| | - Mahmoud Charif
- Department of Neurology, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, France
| | - Xavier Ayrignac
- Department of Neurology, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, France
| | - Souhayla Azakri
- Department of Neurology, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, France
| | | | - Vincent Boudousq
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Nîmes, Hôpital Caremeau, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Protéomique Clinique – IRMB – CRB – Inserm U11183, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital St-Eloi – Université Montpellier, France
| | | | - Eric Thouvenot
- Department of Neurology, CHU Nîmes, Hôpital Caremeau, France
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, UMR5203, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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9
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Ceccaldi M, Jonveaux T, Verger A, Krolak‐Salmon P, Houzard C, Godefroy O, Shields T, Perrotin A, Gismondi R, Bullich S, Jovalekic A, Raffa N, Pasquier F, Semah F, Dubois B, Habert M, Wallon D, Chastan M, Payoux P, Ceccaldi M, Guedj E, Ceccaldi M, Felician O, Didic M, Gueriot C, Koric L, Kletchkova‐Gantchev R, Guedj E, Godefroy O, Andriuta D, Devendeville A, Dupuis D, Binot I, Barbay M, Meyer M, Moullard V, Magnin E, Chamard L, Haffen S, Morel O, Drouet C, Boulahdour H, Goas P, Querellou‐Lefranc S, Sayette V, Cogez J, Branger P, Agostini D, Manrique A, Rouaud O, Bejot Y, Jacquin‐Piques A, Dygai‐Cochet I, Berriolo‐Riedinger A, Moreaud O, Sauvee M, Crépin CG, Pasquier F, Bombois S, Lebouvier T, Mackowiak‐Cordoliani M, Deramecourt V, Rollin‐Sillaire A, Cassagnaud‐Thuillet P, Chen Y, Semah F, Petyt G, Krolak‐Salmon P, Federico D, Danaila KL, Guilhermet Y, Magnier C, Makaroff Z, Rouch I, Xie J, Roubaud C, Coste M, David K, Sarciron A, Waissi AS, Scheiber C, Houzard C, Gabelle‐Deloustal A, Bennys K, Marelli C, Touati L, Mariano‐Goulart D, Verbizier‐Lonjon D, Jonveaux T, Benetos A, Kearney‐Schwartz A, Perret‐Guillaume C, Verger A, Vercelletto M, Boutoleau‐Bretonniere C, Pouclet‐Courtemanche H, Wagemann N, Pallardy A, Hugon J, Paquet C, Dumurgier J, Millet P, Queneau M, Dubois B, Epelbaum S, Levy M, Habert M, Novella J, Jaidi Y, Papathanassiou D, Morland D, Belliard S, Salmon A, Lejeune F, Hannequin D, Wallon D, Martinaud O, Zarea A, Chastan M, Pariente J, Thalamas C, Galitzky‐Gerber M, Tricoire Ricard A, Calvas F, Rigal E, Payoux P, Hitzel A, Delrieu J, Ousset P, Lala F, Sastre‐Hengan N, Stephens A, Guedj E. Added value of
18
F‐florbetaben amyloid PET in the diagnostic workup of most complex patients with dementia in France: A naturalistic study. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 14:293-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Ceccaldi
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Thérèse Jonveaux
- Geriatric Department CHRU de Nancy–Hôpital Brabois Vandoeuvre‐les‐Nancy France
| | - Antoine Verger
- INSERM U947 Unité d'Imagerie Adaptative Diagnostique et Interventionnelle Nancy France
| | - Pierre Krolak‐Salmon
- Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon Hospices civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm 1028 Lyon France
| | | | - Olivier Godefroy
- Neurology Department CHU Amiens Picardie–Hôpital Sud Amiens France
| | - Trevor Shields
- Nuclear Medicine Department CHU Amiens Picardie–Hôpital Sud Amiens France
| | - Audrey Perrotin
- Piramal Imaging Clinical Research and Development Berlin Germany
| | | | - Santiago Bullich
- AP‐HP–Hôpital Pitié Salpétrière Memory and Alzheimer Disease Institute IM2A Paris France
| | - Aleksandar Jovalekic
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U 1146, CNRS UMR 7371 Paris France
| | - Nicola Raffa
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Florence Pasquier
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Franck Semah
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Marie‐Odile Habert
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - David Wallon
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Mathieu Chastan
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Pierre Payoux
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Mathieu Ceccaldi
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Eric Guedj
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Mathieu Ceccaldi
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Olivier Felician
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Mira Didic
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Claude Gueriot
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Lejla Koric
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Radka Kletchkova‐Gantchev
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Eric Guedj
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Olivier Godefroy
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Daniela Andriuta
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Agnès Devendeville
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Diane Dupuis
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Ingrid Binot
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Mélanie Barbay
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Marc‐Etienne Meyer
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Véronique Moullard
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Eloi Magnin
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Ludivine Chamard
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Sophie Haffen
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Olivier Morel
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Clément Drouet
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Hatem Boulahdour
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Philippe Goas
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Solène Querellou‐Lefranc
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Vincent Sayette
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Julien Cogez
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Pierre Branger
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Denis Agostini
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Alain Manrique
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Olivier Rouaud
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Yannick Bejot
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Agnès Jacquin‐Piques
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Inna Dygai‐Cochet
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Alina Berriolo‐Riedinger
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Olivier Moreaud
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Mathilde Sauvee
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Céline Gallazzani Crépin
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Florence Pasquier
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Stéphanie Bombois
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Thibaud Lebouvier
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Marie‐Anne Mackowiak‐Cordoliani
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Vincent Deramecourt
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Adeline Rollin‐Sillaire
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Pascaline Cassagnaud‐Thuillet
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Yaohua Chen
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Franck Semah
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Grégory Petyt
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Pierre Krolak‐Salmon
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Denis Federico
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Keren Liora Danaila
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Yves Guilhermet
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Christophe Magnier
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Zaza Makaroff
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Isabelle Rouch
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Jing Xie
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Caroline Roubaud
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Marie‐Hélène Coste
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Kenny David
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Alain Sarciron
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Aziza Sediq Waissi
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Christian Scheiber
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Claire Houzard
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Audrey Gabelle‐Deloustal
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Karim Bennys
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Cecilia Marelli
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Lynda Touati
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Denis Mariano‐Goulart
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Delphine Verbizier‐Lonjon
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Thérèse Jonveaux
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Athanase Benetos
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Anna Kearney‐Schwartz
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Christine Perret‐Guillaume
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Antoine Verger
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Martine Vercelletto
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Claire Boutoleau‐Bretonniere
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Hélène Pouclet‐Courtemanche
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Nathalie Wagemann
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Amandine Pallardy
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Jacques Hugon
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Claire Paquet
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Julien Dumurgier
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Pascal Millet
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Mathieu Queneau
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Marcel Levy
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | | | - Jean‐Luc Novella
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Yacine Jaidi
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Dimitri Papathanassiou
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | | | - Serge Belliard
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Anne Salmon
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Florence Lejeune
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Didier Hannequin
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - David Wallon
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Olivier Martinaud
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Aline Zarea
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Mathieu Chastan
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | | | - Claire Thalamas
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | | | | | - Fabienne Calvas
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Emilie Rigal
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS Toulouse France
| | - Pierre Payoux
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Anne Hitzel
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Julien Delrieu
- Neurology Department CHU de Rouen–Hôpital Charles Nicolle Rouen France
| | - Pierre‐Jean Ousset
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Françoise Lala
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Nathalie Sastre‐Hengan
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Andrew Stephens
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Neurology and Neuropsychology Department Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Marseille France
| | - Eric Guedj
- AP‐HM–Hôpital de la Timone, Nuclear Medicine Department Aix‐Marseille University, CERIMED, CNRS, INT, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone Marseille France
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