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Sehatpour P, Kreither J, Lopez-Calderon J, Shastry AM, De Baun HM, Martinez A, Javitt DC. Network-level mechanisms underlying effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on visuomotor learning in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:360. [PMID: 37993420 PMCID: PMC10665365 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor learning is a fundamental skill to our daily lives. Dysfunction in motor performance in schizophrenia (Sz) has been associated with poor social and functional outcomes. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive electrical brain stimulation approach, can influence underlying brain function with potential for improving motor learning in Sz. We used a well-established Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) to study motor learning, in combination with simultaneous tDCS and EEG recording, to investigate mechanisms of motor and procedural learning deficits in Sz, and to develop refined non-invasive brain stimulation approaches to improve neurocognitive dysfunction. We recruited 27 individuals with Sz and 21 healthy controls (HC). Individuals performed the SRTT task as they received sham and active tDCS with simultaneous EEG recording. Reaction time (RT), neuropsychological, and measures of global functioning were assessed. SRTT performance was significantly impaired in Sz and showed significant correlations with motor-related and working memory measures as well as global function. Source-space time-frequency decomposition of EEG showed beta-band coherence across supplementary-motor, primary-motor and visual cortex forming a network involved in SRTT performance. Motor-cathodal and visual-cathodal stimulations resulted in significant modulation in coherence particularly across the motor-visual nodes of the network accompanied by significant improvement in motor learning in both controls and patients. Here, we confirm earlier reports of SRTT impairment in Sz and demonstrate significant reversal of the deficits with tDCS. The findings support continued development of tDCS for enhancement of plasticity-based interventions in Sz, as well as source-space EEG analytic approaches for evaluating underlying neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Sehatpour
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
| | - Johanna Kreither
- PIA Ciencias Cognitivas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Facultad de Psicología, and Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Adithya M Shastry
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heloise M De Baun
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antigona Martinez
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Daniel C Javitt
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
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Javitt D, Sehatpour P, Kreither J, Lopez-Calderon J, Shastry A, De-Baun H, Martinez A. Network-level mechanisms underlying effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on visuomotor learning impairments in schizophrenia. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2711867. [PMID: 37066410 PMCID: PMC10104242 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2711867/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Motor learning is a fundamental skill to our daily lives. Dysfunction in motor performance in schizophrenia (Sz) is associated with poor social and functional outcomes, but nevertheless remains understudied relative to other neurocognitive domains. Moreover, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can influence underlying brain function in Sz and may be especially useful in enhancing local cortical plasticity, but underlying neural mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we evaluated performance of Sz individuals on the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT), which has been extensively used in prior tDCS research, in combination with concurrent tDCS and EEG source localization first to evaluate the integrity of visuomotor learning in Sz relative to other cognitive domains and second to investigate underlying neural mechanisms. Twenty-seven individuals with Sz and 21 healthy controls (HC) performed the SRTT task as they received sham or active tDCS and simultaneous EEG recording. Measures of motor, neuropsychological and global functioning were also assessed. Impaired SRTT performance correlated significantly with deficits in motor performance, working memory, and global functioning. Time-frequency ("Beamformer") EEG source localization showed beta-band coherence across supplementary-motor, primary-motor and visual cortex regions, with reduced visuomotor coherence in Sz relative to HC. Cathodal tDCS targeting both visual and motor regions resulted in significant modulation in coherence particularly across the motor-visual nodes of the network accompanied by significant improvement in motor learning in both controls and patients. Overall, these findings demonstrate the utility of the SRTT to study mechanisms of visuomotor impairment in Sz and demonstrate significant tDCS effects on both learning and connectivity when applied over either visual or motor regions. The findings support continued study of dysfunctional dorsal-stream visual connectivity and motor plasticity as components of cognitive impairment in Sz, of local tDCS administration for enhancement of plasticity, and of source-space EEG-based biomarkers for evaluation of underlying neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Javitt
- Columbia University Medical Center/Nathan Kline Institute
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Gröhn C, Norgren E, Eriksson L. A systematic review of the neural correlates of multisensory integration in schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2021; 27:100219. [PMID: 34660211 PMCID: PMC8502765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2021.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multisensory integration (MSI), in which sensory signals from different modalities are unified, is necessary for our comprehensive perception of and effective adaptation to the objects and events around us. However, individuals with schizophrenia suffer from impairments in MSI, which could explain typical symptoms like hallucination and reality distortion. Because the neural correlates of aberrant MSI in schizophrenia help us understand the physiognomy of this psychiatric disorder, we performed a systematic review of the current research on this subject. The literature search concerned investigated MSI in diagnosed schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls using brain imaging. Seventeen of 317 identified studies were finally included. To assess risk of bias, the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment was used, and the review was written according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). The results indicated that multisensory processes in schizophrenia are associated with aberrant, mainly reduced, neural activity in several brain regions, as measured by event-related potentials, oscillations, activity and connectivity. The conclusion is that a fronto-temporal region, comprising the frontal inferior gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus/sulcus, along with the fusiform gyrus and dorsal visual stream in the occipital-parietal lobe are possible key regions of deficient MSI in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lars Eriksson
- Corresponding author at: Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden.
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Zhou HY, Cheung EFC, Chan RCK. Audiovisual temporal integration: Cognitive processing, neural mechanisms, developmental trajectory and potential interventions. Neuropsychologia 2020; 140:107396. [PMID: 32087206 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To integrate auditory and visual signals into a unified percept, the paired stimuli must co-occur within a limited time window known as the Temporal Binding Window (TBW). The width of the TBW, a proxy of audiovisual temporal integration ability, has been found to be correlated with higher-order cognitive and social functions. A comprehensive review of studies investigating audiovisual TBW reveals several findings: (1) a wide range of top-down processes and bottom-up features can modulate the width of the TBW, facilitating adaptation to the changing and multisensory external environment; (2) a large-scale brain network works in coordination to ensure successful detection of audiovisual (a)synchrony; (3) developmentally, audiovisual TBW follows a U-shaped pattern across the lifespan, with a protracted developmental course into late adolescence and rebounding in size again in late life; (4) an enlarged TBW is characteristic of a number of neurodevelopmental disorders; and (5) the TBW is highly flexible via perceptual and musical training. Interventions targeting the TBW may be able to improve multisensory function and ameliorate social communicative symptoms in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Zhou
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Hironaga N, Takei Y, Mitsudo T, Kimura T, Hirano Y. Prospects for Future Methodological Development and Application of Magnetoencephalography Devices in Psychiatry. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:863. [PMID: 32973591 PMCID: PMC7472776 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a functional neuroimaging tool that can record activity from the entire cortex on the order of milliseconds. MEG has been used to investigate numerous psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, dementia, and autism spectrum disorder. Although several review papers on the subject have been published, perspectives and opinions regarding the use of MEG in psychiatric research have primarily been discussed from a psychiatric research point of view. Owing to a newly developed MEG sensor, the use of MEG devices will soon enter a critical period, and now is a good time to discuss the future of MEG use in psychiatric research. In this paper, we will discuss MEG devices from a methodological point of view. We will first introduce the utilization of MEG in psychiatric research and the development of its technology. Then, we will describe the principle theory of MEG and common algorithms, which are useful for applying MEG tools to psychiatric research. Next, we will consider three topics-child psychiatry, resting-state networks, and cortico-subcortical networks-and address the future use of MEG in psychiatry from a broader perspective. Finally, we will introduce the newly developed device, the optically-pumped magnetometer, and discuss its future use in MEG systems in psychiatric research from a methodological point of view. We believe that state-of-the-art electrophysiological tools, such as this new MEG system, will further contribute to our understanding of the core pathology in various psychiatric disorders and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruhito Hironaga
- Brain Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takei
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takako Mitsudo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kimura
- Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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