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Wang W, Dang G, Hao W, Li A, Zhang H, Guan S, Ma T. Dietary Supplementation of Compound Probiotics Improves Intestinal Health by Modulated Microbiota and Its SCFA Products as Alternatives to In-Feed Antibiotics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10314-3. [PMID: 38904897 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium, and Pediococcus acidilactici, as intestinal probiotics, have been proved to play a positive role in treating intestinal diseases, promoting growth and immune regulation in poultry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of compound probiotics on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal microbiome characteristics, as well as intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. Treatment diets with chlortetracycline and compound probiotics were used for two groups of sixty broilers each throughout the feeding process. Another group was fed the basal diet. The BW (2589.41 ± 13.10 g vs 2422.50 ± 19.08 g) and ADG (60.57 ± 0.31 g vs 56.60 ± 0.45 g) of the compound probiotics added feed treatment group were significantly increased, and the FCR was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The supplementation of a compound probiotics enhanced the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadinBB60_group (P < 0.05), and modulated the cecal microbiota structure, thereby promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and elevating their levels (P < 0.05), particularly propionic and butyric acids. Furthermore, the administration of the compound probiotics supplements significantly enhanced the villi height, V/C ratio, and reduced the crypt depth (P < 0.05). In addition, the activity of digestive enzymes in the duodenum and jejunum was elevated (P < 0.05). Collectively, the selected compound probiotics supplemented in this experiment have demonstrated efficacy, warranting further application in practical production settings as a viable alternative to antibiotics, thereby facilitating efficient production and promoting gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoqi Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM (China) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Anping Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM (China) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shu Guan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM Singapore Industrial Pte. Ltd, Singapore, 117440, Singapore
| | - Teng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Shanmugam S, Barbé F, Park JH, Chevaux E, Kim IH. Supplemental effect of Pediococcus acidilactici CNCM I-4622 probiotic on the laying characteristics and calcium and phosphorus metabolism in laying hens. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12489. [PMID: 38821966 PMCID: PMC11143341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The close link between intestinal microbiota and bone health ('gut-bone' axis) has recently been revealed: the modulation of the amount and nature of bacteria present in the intestinal tract has an impact on bone health and calcium (Ca) metabolism. Probiotics are known to favorably impact the intestinal microbiota. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Pediococcus acidilactici CNCM I-4622 (PA) on laying performance, egg/eggshell quality, Ca metabolism and bone mineralization and resistance in relatively old layers (50 wks old at the beginning of the experiment) during 14 weeks. 480 Hy Line brown layers were divided into 2 groups (CON and PA: 3 layers/rep, 80 rep/group) and fed with a diet formulated to be suboptimal in calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) (- 10% of the requirements). The total egg weight was improved by 1.1% overall with PA, related to an improvement of the weight of marketable eggs (+ 0.9%). PA induced a decreased % of downgraded eggs, mainly broken eggs (- 0.4 pts) and FCR improvement (- 0.8% for all eggs, - 0.9% for marketable eggs). PA also led to higher Haugh units (HU: + 7.4%). PA tended to decrease crypt depth after the 14 weeks of supplementation period in the jejunum (- 25.2%) and ileum (- 17.6%). As a consequence, the VH/CD ratio appeared increased by PA at the end of the trial in the jejunum (+ 63.0%) and ileum (+ 48.0%). Ca and P retention were increased by 4 pts following PA supplementation, translating into increased bone hardness (+ 19%), bone cohesiveness (+ 43%) and bone Ca & P (+ 1 pt) for PA-supplemented layers. Blood Ca and P were respectively improved by 5% and 12% with PA. In addition, blood calcitriol and osteocalcin concentrations were respectively improved by + 83% and + 3% in PA group at the end of the trial, compared to CON group. There was no difference between the 2 groups for ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and PTH (parathyroid hormone). PA significantly decreased the expression of the following genes: occludin in the small intestine, calbindin 1 in the ovarian tissue and actin B in the bone. PA therefore improved zootechnical performance of these relatively old layers, and egg quality. The parallel increase in Ca and P in the blood and in the bone following PA supplementation suggests an improvement of the mineral supply for eggshell formation without impacting bone integrity, and even increasing bone resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshkumar Shanmugam
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea
| | - Florence Barbé
- Lallemand SAS, 19 rue des Briquetiers, 31702, Blagnac Cedex, France.
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea
| | - Eric Chevaux
- Lallemand SAS, 19 rue des Briquetiers, 31702, Blagnac Cedex, France
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea.
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Xin Q, Jiao H, Wang X, Zhao J, Liu M, Li H, Zhou Y, Lin H. Effect of energy level of pullet diet and age on laying performance and expression of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal related genes in laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103873. [PMID: 38833747 PMCID: PMC11190712 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary energy density influences feed intake (FI) and development of layer-type pullets. A total of 384 nine-wk-old Hy-Line Brown pullets were randomly assigned to one of 3 dietary treatments: fed a diet with 2,600, 2,750, and 2,900 Kcal metabolizable energy/kg (ME/kg) from 10 to 21 wk of age. The results showed that the 2,900 and 2,600 ME groups had lower feed and ME intake (P < 0.01) from 10 to 21 wk of age. The 2,600 ME pullets had heavier body weight (BW) and longer shank length (P < 0.05) at 21 wk of age than the 2,750 ME group. The eggshell percentage was increased by the 2,600 and 2,900 kcal/kg treatments (P = 0.002). Serum concentration of 17-β-estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) decreased at 70 wk of age (P < 0.05). Pullet diet and its interaction with age had a significant influence (P < 0.001) on the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GnRH-1) and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) in the hypothalamus and of gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 receptor (GnRH-1R) and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone receptor (GnIHR) in the pituitary. In the hypothalamus, GnRH-1 expression increased from 9 to 40 wk of age and then decreased; however, GnIH expression was highest at 70 wk of age. Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) expression increased (P < 0.001) at wk 40 and decreased at wk 70 compared to wk 21 at various follicular stages. In conclusion, the energy level of pullet diet had no unfavorable influence on feed intake, laying rate, egg mass, and FCR, whereas change egg weight and mortality during the laying period from 21 to 70 wk of age. during the laying period. These results suggest that pullet dietary energy can activate the expression of genes related to reproduction in the hypothalamus, whereas it plays a minor role in the regulation of genes in the pituitary and ovary. Age-induced gene expression in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is associated with laying performance in hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Haifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Hai Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China.
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Liu H, Liu W, Ai M, Hao X, Zhang Q, Ren J, Zhang K. Effects of β-mannanase supplementation on productive performance, inflammation, energy metabolism, and cecum microbiota composition of laying hens fed with reduced-energy diets. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103521. [PMID: 38367470 PMCID: PMC10882124 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the beneficial effects and underlying mechanism of dietary β-mannanase supplementation on the productive performance of laying hens fed with metabolic energy (ME)-reduced diets. A total of 448 Hy-Line gray laying hens were randomly assigned to seven groups. Each group had 8 replicates with 8 hens. The groups included a control diet (CON) with a ME of 2750 kcal/Kg, diets reduced by 100 kcal/Kg or 200 kcal/Kg ME (ME_100 or ME_200), and diets with 0.15 g/Kg or 0.2 g/Kg β-mannanase (ME_100+β-M_0.15, ME_100+β-M_0.2, ME_200+β-M_0.15, and ME_200+β-M_0.2). The productive performance, egg quality, intestinal morphology, inflammatory response, mRNA expression related to the Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and AMPK pathway, and cecum microbiome were evaluated in this study. ME-reduced diets negatively impacted the productive performance of laying hens. However, supplementation with β-mannanase improved FCR, decreased ADFI, and restored average egg weight to the level of the CON group. ME-reduced diets increased the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 while decreasing the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in the jejunum of laying hens. However, dietary β-mannanase supplementation improved jejunum morphology, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations, and increased levels of anti-inflammatory factors in laying hens fed with ME-reduced diets. The mRNA levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in the jejunum of ME-reduced diets were significantly higher than that in CON, dietary β-mannanase supplementation decreased these genes expression in laying hens fed with ME-reduced diets. Moreover, dietary β-mannanase supplementation also decreased the mRNA levels of AMPKα and AMPKγ, and increased the abundance of mTOR in the jejunum of laying hens fed with ME-reduced diets. Cecum microbiota analysis revealed that dietary β-mannanase increased the abundance of various beneficial bacteria (e.g., g_Pseudoflavonifractor, g_Butyricicoccus, and f_Lactobacillaceae) in laying hens fed with ME-reduced diets. In conclusion, dietary β-mannanase supplementation could improve the productive performance of laying hens fed with a ME-reduced diet by improving intestinal morphology, alleviating intestinal inflammation, changing energy metabolism-related signaling pathways, and increasing cecum-beneficial microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Weiyong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Mingming Ai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaojing Hao
- Qingdao Animal Husbandry Workstation (Qingdao Research Institute of Husbandry and Veterinary), Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Qingdao Animal Husbandry Workstation (Qingdao Research Institute of Husbandry and Veterinary), Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jingle Ren
- Qingdao Animal Husbandry Workstation (Qingdao Research Institute of Husbandry and Veterinary), Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Carvalho CL, Andretta I, Galli GM, Bastos Stefanello T, Camargo NDOT, Mendes RE, Pelisser G, Balamuralikrishnan B, Melchior R, Kipper M. Dietary supplementation with β-mannanase and probiotics as a strategy to improve laying hen performance and egg quality. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1229485. [PMID: 38116507 PMCID: PMC10728292 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1229485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of β-mannanase and probiotic on the performance, serum biochemistry, gut morphometric traits, and fresh egg quality of laying hens. A total of 120 cages, housing light-weight laying hens (36 weeks old), were randomly assigned to four different treatments. These treatments included a control group fed non-supplemented diets; diets supplemented with 300 g/ton of beta-mannanase; diets supplemented with 50 g/ton of probiotic; or diets containing both 300 g/ton of β-mannanase and 50 g/ton of probiotics. The trial spanned a duration of 26 weeks and was divided into three productive phases, each lasting 28 days. The inclusion of β-mannanase resulted in a significant improvement in the laying rate by 11% (p < 0.05) compared to the control treatment. Similarly, the addition of probiotics also enhanced the laying rate by 7% (p < 0.05), as well as the supplementation with combined additives (11.5%). Combined additives showed an increase in egg masses, and additive association improved by 13.9% (p < 0.001) in contrast to the control treatment. Overall, β-mannanase and combined additives used during the supplementation period resulted in improvements in the weight of fresh eggs. These benefits were observed after a period of 14 weeks without supplementation (p < 0.05). Furthermore, significant differences were observed in the serum biochemistry and egg masses of birds that were fed diets containing both additives (β-mannanase + probiotics) compared to the control group. Parameters such as uric acid, total cholesterol, and triglycerides displayed notable variations. The villi height: crypt depth showed differences with combined additives (β-mannanase + probiotics). The β-mannanase improved specific gravity, yolk height, length, and pH, and yolk color traits compared to the control treatment. The use of probiotics helped to improve yolk height, pH, and color score. Besides, combined additives (β-mannanase + probiotics) improve yolk height, length, weight, pH, and better traits in yolk color. Hence, incorporating β-mannanase and probiotics into laying hen diets proves to be a highly effective strategy for enhancing laying rate and overall health status, while simultaneously elevating certain quality attributes of fresh eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Lopes Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ines Andretta
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Miotto Galli
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thais Bastos Stefanello
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Giovanna Pelisser
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Concórdia, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Melchior
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Geng AL, Zhang QQ, Chang C, Wang HH, Chu Q, Zhang J, Yan ZX, Liu HG. Dietary metabolizable energy and crude protein levels affect the performance, egg quality and biochemical parameters of a dual-purpose chicken. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2714-2723. [PMID: 36018361 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Effects of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) level on performance, egg quality and biochemical parameters were studied in a dual-purpose chicken-Beijing You Chicken (BYC) at peak laying period. A 3 × 3 factorial experiment was arranged, including 3 levels of dietary ME (11.31, 11.51, 11.71 MJ/kg) and 3 levels of dietary CP (14%, 15%, 16%). The results showed that dietary CP level alone and the interaction of ME by CP affected the total feed intake (TFI) during 27-30 wks, dietary ME level affected the mortality rate of 27-34 wks of age (p = 0.018), with the highest mortality rate found in 11.31 MJ/kg group (3.10%). The albumen height (AH), Haugh unit (HU) and egg grade (EG) of 16% group was higher than those in 14% and 15% groups (p < 0.05). Serum immunoglobulin G content in 11.31 MJ/kg group was lower than in 11.51 MJ/kg and 11.71 MJ/kg groups (p = 0.037). The present study suggested that dietary levels of 11.51 MJ/kg ME and 16.0% CP are enough to maintain the performance and egg quality of BYC at peak laying period. 11.31 MJ/kg ME increased the mortality of the chicken, which may be related to the decrease of the humoral immune function and antioxidative capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Lian Geng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qian Qian Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hai Hong Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qin Chu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Xun Yan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hua Gui Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Liu L, Zhang G, Qu G, Liu B, Zhang X, Li G, Jin N, Li C, Bai J, Zhao C. Effects of dietary Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supplementation on the production performance, egg quality, eggshell ultrastructure, and lipid metabolism of late-phase laying hens. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:150. [PMID: 37684610 PMCID: PMC10486122 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toward the late phase of laying, the production performance of laying hens decreases, egg quality deteriorates, lipid metabolism weakens, and hepatic lipid accumulation is exacerbated. Probiotics as an alternative to antimicrobials have been employed in poultry-related industries. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is currently the most researched and clinically validated probiotic, showing promising effects in multiple application areas. However, few studies have been conducted on livestock (including poultry) production. RESULTS Compared with the CON group, the feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01) declined significantly in the LGG group. Eggshell strength (P < 0.001) and eggshell thickness (P < 0.001) were significantly increased by supplementation with LGG in the diet. The height (P < 0.001) and proportion (P < 0.05) of the effective layer and the mammillary knob density (P < 0.01) in the eggshell ultrastructure of the LGG group increased significantly, while the mammillary layer (P < 0.05) and knob width (P < 0.01) decreased significantly. The LGG-treated hens had significantly lower serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (P < 0.05), free fatty acids (P < 0.01), and liver triglyceride (P < 0.05) levels than those in the CON group. CONCLUSIONS LGG supplementation significantly decreases the feed conversion ratio, improves eggshell quality by altering the ultrastructure, and improves lipid metabolism in the late laying period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101, Jilin, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101, Jilin, China
| | - Ge Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101, Jilin, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101, Jilin, China
- Jilin Genet-Med Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changchun, 130122, Jilin, China
| | - Xiufeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101, Jilin, China
| | - Gaoqian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101, Jilin, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for the Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, Jilin, China
| | - Chang Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for the Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, Jilin, China
| | - Jieying Bai
- Jilin Genet-Med Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changchun, 130122, Jilin, China
- College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Cuiqing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101, Jilin, China.
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Lim CI, Kim JE, Lee KB. Interactive effects of dietary supplementation between illite and probiotic on productive performance, intestinal microflora, and blood profiles of laying hens. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13805. [PMID: 36717110 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the interactive effects of dietary illite and probiotic on productive performance, intestinal microflora, and blood profiles of laying hens. A total of 432 laying hens at 24 weeks old were allotted into six dietary groups. An experimental design was composed with a 3 (illite levels: 0, 0.3, and 0.6%) × 2 (probiotic levels: 0 and 0.2%). The probiotic based on Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and B. licheniformis was used. There were interactions between illite and probiotic on total microbes and salmonella of digesta. Higher egg production was observed in hens fed a diet supplemented with either 0.6% illite or 0.2% probiotic than in those fed a basal diet. The total microbes of the group fed a diet with 0.6% illite were lower than the groups fed diets with 0 and 0.3% illite. A lower number of Escherichia coli was observed in hens fed a diet with probiotic than those fed a basal diet. Higher immunoglobulin G concentration was observed in the group fed a diet supplemented with 0.6% illite than in those fed a basal diet. Our results suggest illite and probiotic can be used as feed additives for hens, separately or in combination to improve performance and intestinal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ik Lim
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Poultry Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Eun Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Bang Lee
- Illite Division, Yeongdong Country Office, Yeongdong, Republic of Korea
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Obianwuna UE, Qiu K, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Qi GH, Huang LL, Wu SG. Effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum and fructooligosaccharides, alone or in combination, on performance, egg quality, amino acid digestibility, jejunal morphology, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of laying hens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1125897. [PMID: 36910205 PMCID: PMC9992415 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1125897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Clostridium butyricum (CB) and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) singly or combined, on performance, egg quality, amino acid digestibility, jejunal morphology, immune function and antioxidant capacity in peak-phase laying hens. A total of 288 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (30 weeks of age) were randomly assigned to 4 dietary groups that included basal diet, basal diet +0.02% of CB (zlc-17: 1 × 109 CFU/g) (PRO), basal diet +0.6% FOS (PRE), and basal diet +0.02% CB + 0.6% FOS (SYN) for 12 weeks. Each treatment had 6 replicates with 12 birds each. The results demonstrated that probiotics (PRO), prebiotics (PRE) and synbiotics (SYN) (p ≤ 0.05), respectively, exerted a positive effect on the performance and physiological response of the birds. There were significant increases in egg production rate, egg weight, egg mass, daily feed intake and reduced number of damaged eggs. and zero mortality rate due to dietary PRO, PRE and SYN (p ≤ 0.05) respectively. Also, feed conversion was improved by PRO (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, egg quality assessment showed that; eggshell quality was increased by PRO (p ≤ 0.05) and albumen indices (Haugh unit, thick albumen content, and albumen height) were enhanced by PRO, PRE and SYN (p ≤ 0.05). Further analysis showed that PRO, PRE and SYN (p ≤ 0.05), reduced heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, increased antioxidant enzymes and immunoglobulin concentration. Although spleen index was higher for PRO (p ≤ 0.05) group. The significant increase in villi height, villi width, villi height to crypt depth ratio and reduced crypt depth were obvious for PRO, PRE, and SYN (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, improved nutrient absorption and retention evidenced by increased digestibility of crude protein and amino acids, were notable for PRO, PRE, and SYN (p ≤ 0.05) group. Collectively, our findings revealed that dietary CB and FOS alone, or combined, enhanced productive performance, egg quality, amino acid digestibility, jejunal morphology, and physiological response in peak-phase laying hens. Our results would provide direction on nutritional strategies for gut enhancers and better physiological response of peak laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Ling Huang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Yang X, Tai Y, Ma Y, Xu Z, Hao J, Han D, Li J, Deng X. Cecum microbiome and metabolism characteristics of Silky Fowl and White Leghorn chicken in late laying stages. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:984654. [PMID: 36338096 PMCID: PMC9633115 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.984654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cecal microflora plays a key role in the production performance and immune function of chickens. White Leghorn (WL) is a well-known commercial layer line chicken with high egg production rate. In contrast, Silky Fowl (SF), a Chinese native chicken variety, has a low egg production rate, but good immune performance. This study analyzed the composition of cecal microbiota, metabolism, and gene expression in intestinal tissue of these varieties and the correlations among them. Significant differences were observed in the cecal microbes: Bacteroides was significantly enriched in WL, whereas Veillonellaceae and Parabacteroides were significantly enriched in SF. Carbohydrate biosynthesis and metabolism pathways were significantly upregulated in WL cecum, which might provide more energy to the host, leading to persistently high levels of egg production. The higher Parabacteroides abundance in SF increased volicitin content, enhanced α-linolenic acid metabolism, and significantly negatively correlated with metabolites of propanoate metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. Genes related to lipid metabolism, immunity, and melanogenesis were significantly upregulated in the SF cecum, regulating lipid metabolism, and participating in the immune response, while genes related to glucose metabolism and bile acid metabolism were expressed at higher levels in WL, benefiting energy support. This study provided a mechanism for intestinal microorganisms and metabolic pathways to regulate chicken egg-laying performance and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yurong Tai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Hao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deping Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junying Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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11
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Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharide on Production Performance, Egg Quality and Ovarian Function in Laying Hens with Fatty Liver Syndrome. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182465. [PMID: 36139325 PMCID: PMC9495091 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fatty liver syndrome (FLS) often occurs in caged laying hens and can cause decreases in production performance. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), degraded from chitin or chitosan, has been demonstrated to prevent metabolic diseases in rodents. In this work, we found that dietary COS supplementation could improve production performance and egg quality in laying hens with FLS. Further study indicated that improved ovarian morphology and function may be involved in these beneficial effects of COS. Specifically, dietary COS supplementation decreased oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the ovaries of laying hens with FLS. This study provides evidence for the application of COS to improve production performance and egg quality in laying hens with FLS. Abstract This study aimed to investigate the role of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) as an additive in the feed of laying hens with fatty liver syndrome (FLS). Effects on production performance, egg quality as well as ovarian function were determined. A total of 360 Lohmann Pink-shell laying hens (28 weeks old) were randomly assigned to 5 groups (6 replicates × 12 birds). Hens were fed with a basal diet and a high-energy low-protein (HELP) diet supplemented with 0, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg COS. COS reversed the lowered laying rates, increased feed-to-egg ratios and decreased albumen heights and Haugh units induced by the HELP diet. Additionally, COS improved the ovarian morphologies damaged by the HELP diet. Furthermore, COS enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced malonaldehyde levels and downregulated the mRNA expressions of nuclear factor kappa B, pro-inflammation cytokine genes and pro-apoptosis-related genes, while it upregulated the mRNA expression of anti-apoptosis-related genes in the ovaries of HELP-diet-fed hens. These findings suggested that dietary COS supplementation could improve production performance and egg quality in laying hens with FLS, and these beneficial effects were linked to improved ovarian morphology, which was attributed to decreased oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the ovaries.
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Obianwuna UE, Qiu K, Chang XY, Zhang HJ, Wang J, Qi GH, Sun TH, Su YB, Wu SG. Enhancing egg production and quality by the supplementation of probiotic strains (Clostridium and Brevibacillus) via improved amino acid digestibility, intestinal health, immune response, and antioxidant activity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:987241. [PMID: 36177461 PMCID: PMC9512665 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.987241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on evaluating the influence of Clostridium butyricum and Brevibacillus strains on egg production, egg quality, immune response and antioxidant function, apparent fecal amino acid digestibility, and jejunal morphology when supplemented as probiotics in the diets of laying hens in the peak phase. A total of 288 healthy 30-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were arbitrarily assigned to four dietary groups, which included control diet and control diet supplemented with 0.02% C. butyricum zlc-17, C. butyricum lwc-13, or Brevibacillus zlb-z1, for 84 days. The results showed that dietary C. butyricum and Brevibacillus sp. exerted a positively significant influence (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group on the performance, egg quality, and physiological response of the birds. The diets could reduce mortality rate and enhance (P ≤ 0.05) egg weight and egg mass, egg production rate, and feed efficiency. Further analysis suggested that the probiotic strains can enhance (P ≤ 0.05) eggshell quality, Haugh unit, thick albumen content, and albumen height. Also, probiotics enhanced (P ≤ 0.05) the antioxidant status via increased antioxidant enzymes and jejunal morphology as evidenced by increased villi surface area (VSA), the ratio of villi height to crypt depth, villi width, and villi height, and a significant reduction in crypt depth. Besides, nutrient absorption and retention were enhanced, as apparent fecal amino acid digestibility of key essential amino acids was substantially improved in the diet-based group. The concentrations of immunoglobulin M and A (IgM and IgA) increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in the probiotics group and the same effect was notable for complement proteins (C3) and immune organ (Spleen). Conclusively, the supplementation of Clostridium butyricum zlc-17 in comparison to Clostridium butyricum lwc-13 and Brevibacillus zlb-z1 strains significantly (P ≤ 0.05) promoted the antioxidant status, modulated the intestinal structure, enhanced amino acid digestibility, and regulated the immunity index of the laying hens, which finally improves the laying performance and egg quality of the laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-yu Chang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-jun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-hai Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tie-hu Sun
- China Oil Foodstuffs Corporation (COFCO) Nutrition and Health Research Institute, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tie-hu Sun,
| | - Yong-bo Su
- Technology Department, China Oil Foodstuffs Corporation (COFCO) (Beijing) Feed Technology Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-geng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shu-geng Wu,
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13
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Kalia VC, Shim WY, Patel SKS, Gong C, Lee JK. Recent developments in antimicrobial growth promoters in chicken health: Opportunities and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155300. [PMID: 35447189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With a continuously increasing human population is an increasing global demand for food. People in countries with a higher socioeconomic status tend to switch their preferences from grains to meat and high-value foods. Their preference for chicken as a source of protein has grown by 70% over the last three decades. Many studies have shown the role of feed in regulating the animal gut microbiome and its impact on host health. The microbiome absorbs nutrients, digests foods, induces a mucosal immune response, maintains homeostasis, and regulates bioactive metabolites. These metabolic activities are influenced by the microbiota and diet. An imbalance in microbiota affects host physiology and progressively causes disorders and diseases. With the use of antibiotics, a shift from dysbiosis with a higher density of pathogens to homeostasis can occur. However, the progressive use of higher doses of antibiotics proved harmful and resulted in the emergence of multidrug-resistant microbes. As a result, the use of antibiotics as feed additives has been banned. Researchers, regulatory authorities, and managers in the poultry industry have assessed the challenges associated with these restrictions. Research has sought to identify alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters for poultry that do not have any adverse effects. Modulating the host intestinal microbiome by regulating dietary factors is much easier than manipulating host genetics. Research efforts have led to the identification of feed additives, including bacteriocins, immunostimulants, organic acids, phytogenics, prebiotics, probiotics, phytoncides, and bacteriophages. In contrast to focusing on one or more of these alternative bioadditives, an improved feed conversion ratio with enhanced poultry products is possible by employing a combination of feed additives. This article may be helpful in future research towards developing a sustainable poultry industry through the use of the proposed alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Yong Shim
- Samsung Particulate Matter Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunjie Gong
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Ceylan N, Evrenkaya E, Lanckriet A. Efficacy of the probiotic Bacillus licheniformis DSM 28710
in laying hens fed barley-sunflower meal-based diets
on performance egg quality and excreta composition. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/149388/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Erginkaya Z, Konuray-Altun G. Potential biotherapeutic properties of lactic acid bacteria in foods. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Comparative effects of feeding single- and multi-strain probiotics to commercial layers on the productive performance and egg quality indices. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2022.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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17
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Ty M, Taha-Abdelaziz K, Demey V, Castex M, Sharif S, Parkinson J. Performance of distinct microbial based solutions in a Campylobacter infection challenge model in poultry. Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:2. [PMID: 34980288 PMCID: PMC8722297 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) are commonly used within poultry production to improve feed conversion, bird growth, and reduce morbidity and mortality from clinical and subclinical diseases. Due to the association between AGP usage and rising antimicrobial resistance, the industry has explored new strategies including the use of probiotics and other microbial-based interventions to promote the development of a healthy microbiome in birds and mitigate against infections associated with food safety and food security. While previous studies have largely focused on the ability of probiotics to protect against Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella enterica, much less is known concerning their impact on Campylobacter jejuni, a near commensal of the chicken gut microbiome that nevertheless is a major cause of food poisoning in humans. RESULTS Here we compare the efficacy of four microbial interventions (two single strain probiotics, the bacterium-Pediococcus acidilactici, and the yeast-Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii; and two complex, competitive exclusion, consortia-Aviguard and CEL) to bacitracin, a commonly used AGP, to modulate chicken gut microbiota and subsequently impact C. jejuni infection in poultry. Cecal samples were harvested at 30- and 39-days post hatch to assess Campylobacter burden and examine their impact on the gut microbiota. While the different treatments did not significantly decrease C. jejuni burden relative to the untreated controls, both complex consortia resulted in significant decreases relative to treatment with bacitracin. Analysis of 16S rDNA profiles revealed a distinct microbial signature associated with each microbial intervention. For example, treatment with Aviguard and CEL increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae and Rikenellaceae respectively. Furthermore, Aviguard promoted a less complex microbial community compared to other treatments. CONCLUSIONS Depending upon the individual needs of the producer, our results illustrate the potential of each microbial interventions to serve flock-specific requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Ty
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | | | | | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W, Canada
| | - John Parkinson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Wan Z, Sun N, Luo M, Gan B, Yao Z, Cao X, Wang H, Pan K, Shu G, Zeng Y, Zeng D, Ni X. Promotion of Egg Production Rate and Quality Using Limosilactobacillus oris BSLO 1801, a Potential Probiotic Screened from Feces of Laying Hens with Higher Egg Productive Performance. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 15:535-547. [PMID: 34697775 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this experiment, laying hens were divided into a high productive group (group H) and a low productive group (group L). The purpose of this experiment was to screen and isolate a potential probiotic associated with the laying rate from group H by comparing the results via 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. The high-throughput sequencing analysis results showed that there were some differences in the composition of the gut microbiome between groups H and L on the Phylum and Genus levels. Through isolation and identification, we screened 16 lactobacilli strains. Among the 16 strains, S5 showed good acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance, and cholesterol degradation. Therefore, we chose strain S5 (identified as Limosilactobacillus oris, named Limosilactobacillus oris BSLO 1801) as a potential probiotic to promote the productivity of ordinary laying hens. During the animal experiment, 288 Hy-line white hens (30 weeks old) were divided into four groups, with six replications (n = 12) per group. The control group received the basic diet, and the treatment groups received the same basic diet supplemented with 107 CFU/kg, 108 CFU/kg, and 109 CFU/kg of BSLO 1801. The laying hens were acclimated to the environment for 1 week before the initiation of the experiment. Dietary supplementation with 107 CFU/kg and 109 CFU/kg of BSLO 1801 increased the laying rate significantly, and the potential probiotic improved the egg weight in all treatment groups. Additionally, the cholesterol content of the yolk dropped significantly in the 109 CFU/kg group, and the weight of egg yolk was significantly increased in all treatment groups. However, no significant differences in eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, protein height, and Haugh unit were observed among the four groups. These results revealed that lactobacilli spp. are important bacteria of the intestinal microbiome in highly productive laying hens, and BSLO 1801 was isolated as a potential probiotic. Through these animal experiments, we also found that adding BSLO 1801 to the basic diet of laying hens could effectively improve the laying rate, average egg weight, and yolk weight and reduce the cholesterol content in egg yolk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Luo
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baoxing Gan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhipeng Yao
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hesong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xueqin Ni
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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Overview of the Use of Probiotics in Poultry Production. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061620. [PMID: 34072694 PMCID: PMC8230106 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Probiotics are feed additives that have gained popularity in poultry production following the ban of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). They are one of the more universal feed additives and can be easily combine with other additives. Probiotics, above all, have many advantages, including stimulation of the host microflora or immunomodulation. The statement “immunity comes from the intestines” has become more important in the poultry industry because probiotics have proven helpful in the fight against diseases of bacterial origin and against zoonoses. Positive effects on the organism have already been studied at the cellular level, where probiotics were responsible for changes in gene expression, leading to alleviation of heat stress. In addition to the health benefits, the utility value of the animals increases. The numerous advantages are overshadowed by a few drawbacks, which include the possibility of lowering semen quality in roosters and the diversity of production processes affecting the persistence of the probiotic. In addition to bird health, probiotics have improved the taste and quality of poultry products. Future prospects are promising as scientists are working to maximize the positive effects of probiotics by increasing the integrity of probiotics within the bird organism, taking into account, among others, bacterial metabolites. Abstract In recent years, probiotics have become more popular in the world of dietary supplements and feed additives within the poultry industry, acting as antibiotic substitutes. Above all, probiotics are universal feed additives that can be used in conjunction with other additives to promote improved performance and health. Their positive effects can be observed directly in the gastrointestinal tract and indirectly in immunomodulation of the poultry immune system. Nutritional effects seen in flocks given probiotics include increased laying and egg quality, increased daily increments, and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR). There has also been an improvement in the quality of meat. This suggests producers can improve production results through the use of probiotics. In addition to these production effects, bird immunity is improved by allowing the organism to better protect itself against pathogens and stress. The lack of accuracy in the formulation of non-European preparations needs to be further developed due to unknown interactions between probiotic bacteria strains as well as their metabolites. The versatility of probiotics and the fact that the bacteria used in their production are an integral part of animal digestive tracts make them a safe feed additives. Despite restrictions from the European Union, probiotics have potential to improve production and health within the poultry industry and beyond. The following article will review the use of probiotics in poultry production.
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Sjofjan O, Adli D, Sholikin M, Jayanegara A, Irawan A. The effects of probiotics on the performance, egg quality and blood parameters of laying hens: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/133432/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Probiotics (Direct-Fed Microbials) in Poultry Nutrition and Their Effects on Nutrient Utilization, Growth and Laying Performance, and Gut Health: A Systematic Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101863. [PMID: 33066185 PMCID: PMC7602066 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Probiotics are live bacteria, fungi, or yeasts that supplement the gastrointestinal flora and help to maintain a healthy digestive system, thereby promoting the growth performance and overall health of poultry. Probiotics are increasingly being included in poultry diets as an alternative to antibiotics. This systematic review provides a summary of the use of probiotics in poultry production and the potential role of probiotics in the nutrient utilization, growth and laying performance, and gut health of poultry. Abstract Probiotics are live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host. The use of probiotics in poultry has increased steadily over the years due to higher demand for antibiotic-free poultry. The objective of this systematic review is to present and evaluate the effects of probiotics on the nutrient utilization, growth and laying performance, gut histomorphology, immunity, and gut microbiota of poultry. An electronic search was conducted using relevant keywords to include papers pertinent to the topic. Seventeen commonly used probiotic species were critically assessed for their roles in the performance and gut health of poultry under existing commercial production conditions. The results showed that probiotic supplementation could have the following effects: (1) modification of the intestinal microbiota, (2) stimulation of the immune system, (3) reduction in inflammatory reactions, (4) prevention of pathogen colonization, (5) enhancement of growth performance, (6) alteration of the ileal digestibility and total tract apparent digestibility coefficient, and (7) decrease in ammonia and urea excretion. Thus, probiotics can serve as a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production. However, factors such as the intestinal health condition of birds, the probiotic inclusion level; and the incubation conditions, feedstuff, and water quality offered to birds may affect the outcome. This systematic review provides a summary of the use of probiotics in poultry production, as well as the potential role of probiotics in the nutrient utilization, growth and laying performance, and gut health of poultry.
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