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Wahed NM, Abomosallam M, Hendam BM, Shouman Z, Hashem NM, Sakr SA. Economic and Productive Comparison of Rutin and Rutin-Loaded Chitosan Alginate Nanoparticles Against Lead-Induced Oxidative Stress in Cobb and Arbor Broiler Breeds. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:4715-4734. [PMID: 38153670 PMCID: PMC11338976 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-04019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Rutin, a natural bioflavonoid compound, is one of the best-known antioxidants. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of rutin-loaded chitosan alginate nanoparticles (RCA NPs) against lead (Pb)-induced oxidative stress in two different broiler breeds. A total number of 240 chicks from Cobb (CB) and Arbor Acres (AR) breeds were randomly allocated into 4 groups/breed. The 1st group received standard basal diet (SD) and drinking water (DW) while the 2nd group received SD and Pb-incorporated DW (350 mg/L). The 3rd group treated with both rutin-supplemented SD (50 mg/kg feed), and DW contain Pb (350 mg/L). Finally, the 4th group administered RCA NPs-supplemented SD (50 mg/kg feed) and Pb-incorporated DW (350 mg/L). On the 40th day of experiment, broilers weighed, and blood samples collected for biochemical and hematological analysis then slaughtered. Economic efficiency, growth performance, and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated. Gene expression level of growth-associated genes as insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) and histopathological changes were assessed in liver and intestinal tissue of both breeds. Our results revealed that Pb-treated birds exhibited the lowest average body weight gain (BWG) and economic efficiency measures in both breeds while RCA NPs-treated groups revealed enhanced growth and economic performance. Furthermore, diet supplementation with RCA NPs considerably enhanced the antioxidant enzymes activity and expression of growth-associated genes than groups treated with rutin alone specifically in AR breed. In conclusion, RCA NPs supplementation could be a promising nanoformulation in poultry production through enhancing the antioxidant capacity and bioavailability of rutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Wahed
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abomosallam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Basma M Hendam
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Shouman
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Nada Ma Hashem
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Shimaa A Sakr
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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2
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Wang C, Liu X, Sun X, Li Y, Yang X, Liu Y. Dietary betaine supplementation improved egg quality and gut microbes of laying hens under dexamethasone-induced oxidative stress. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104178. [PMID: 39154612 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a frequent concern in the breeding of laying hens, and limit the healthy development of poultry. Dexamethasone (DXM) has been demonstrated to induce oxidative stress. Conversely, betaine is an alkaloid with a potent antioxidant activity. The study was designed to investigate the ameliorative effect of betaine on DXM-induced oxidative stress in laying hens. The results revealed that DXM treatment significantly decreased laying rate, shell strength, albumen height, Haugh unit, egg weight, folk weight and albumen weight, alongside increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum and liver (P < 0.05). In contrast, dietary betaine addition reversed those parameters mentioned above (P < 0.05). Hepatic RNA-seq analysis showed that there existed 110 up- and 88 down-regulated genes in DXM group when compared with the control. Meanwhile there were 117 upregulation and 169 downregulation genes in BT group when compared with DXM group. Besides, we found that dietary betaine addition significantly down-regulated cell adhesion molecules, glycerolipid metabolism and glycolysis gluconeogenesis pathways. In addition, a total of 44 and 94 differential metabolites were identified respectively from Con vs. DXM and DXM vs BT. More importantly, dietary betaine addition significantly increased the levels of pantothenic acid, gamma-Aminobutyric acid, equol and choline, all of which were related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, gut microbiota analysis indicated that the Chao and Observed_species indexes were remarkably higher in BT group (P<0.05). Heatmap analysis revealed that Subdoligranulum, Prevotella, Blautia, YRC22, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus and Coprococcus were notably restored in BT group (P<0.05). Taken together, our findings collectively illustrate that dietary betaine addition could attenuate DXM-induced oxidative stress, improve egg quality and gut microbes of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xi Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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3
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Rashwan AG, Assar DH, Salah AS, Liu X, Al-Hawary II, Abu-Alghayth MH, Salem SMR, Khalil K, Hanafy NAN, Abdelatty A, Sun L, Elbialy ZI. Dietary Chitosan Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Inflammation in Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) through Regulation of Nrf2/Kaep1 and Bcl-2/Bax Pathways. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:486. [PMID: 39056682 PMCID: PMC11273726 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Fatty liver injury is a prevalent condition in most farmed fish, yet the molecular mechanisms underpinning this pathology remain largely elusive. A comprehensive feeding trial spanning eight weeks was conducted to discern the potential of dietary chitosan in mitigating the deleterious effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) while concurrently exploring the underlying mechanism. Growth performance, haemato-biochemical capacity, antioxidant capacity, apoptotic/anti-apoptotic gene expression, inflammatory gene expression, and histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, and intestine were meticulously assessed in Nile tilapia. Six experimental diets were formulated with varying concentrations of chitosan. The first three groups were administered a diet comprising 6% fat with chitosan concentrations of 0%, 5%, and 10% and were designated as F6Ch0, F6Ch5, and F6Ch10, respectively. Conversely, the fourth, fifth, and sixth groups were fed a diet containing 12% fat with chitosan concentrations of 0%, 5%, and 10%, respectively, for 60 days and were termed F12Ch0, F12Ch5, and F12Ch10. The results showed that fish fed an HFD demonstrated enhanced growth rates and a significant accumulation of fat in the perivisceral tissue, accompanied by markedly elevated serum hepatic injury biomarkers and serum lipid levels, along with upregulation of pro-apoptotic and inflammatory markers. In stark contrast, the expression levels of nrf2, sod, gpx, and bcl-2 were notably decreased when compared with the control normal fat group. These observations were accompanied by marked diffuse hepatic steatosis, diffuse tubular damage, and shortened intestinal villi. Intriguingly, chitosan supplementation effectively mitigated the aforementioned findings and alleviated intestinal injury by upregulating the expression of tight junction-related genes. It could be concluded that dietary chitosan alleviates the adverse impacts of an HFD on the liver, kidney, and intestine by modulating the impaired antioxidant defense system, inflammation, and apoptosis through the variation in nrf2 and cox2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya G. Rashwan
- Department of Fish Processing and Biotechnology, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.G.R.); (I.I.A.-H.)
| | - Doaa H. Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Abdallah S. Salah
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Xiaolu Liu
- Single-Cell Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Ibrahim I. Al-Hawary
- Department of Fish Processing and Biotechnology, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.G.R.); (I.I.A.-H.)
| | - Mohammed H. Abu-Alghayth
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 255, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shimaa M. R. Salem
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 33516, Egypt;
| | - Karim Khalil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Applied & Health Sciences, A’Sharqiyah University, P.O. Box 42, Ibra 400, Oman;
| | - Nemany A. N. Hanafy
- Group of Molecular Cell Biology and Bionanotechnology, Nanomedicine Department, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Alaa Abdelatty
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Luyang Sun
- Single-Cell Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Zizy I. Elbialy
- Department of Fish Processing and Biotechnology, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.G.R.); (I.I.A.-H.)
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Zhang Y, Li W, Wu Y, Tian X, Li G, Zhou Y, Sun J, Liao X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Yu Y. Chitosan oligosaccharide accelerates the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes through promoting conjugative plasmid transfer. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133922. [PMID: 38442604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), especially via plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer, poses a pervasive threat to global health. Chitosan-oligosaccharide (COS) is extensively utilized in medicine, plant and animal husbandry. However, their impact on microflora implies the potential to exert selective pressure on plasmid transfer. To explore the role of COS in facilitating the dissemination of ARGs via plasmid conjugation, we established in vitro mating models. The addition of COS to conjugation mixtures significantly enhanced the transfer of RP4 plasmid and mcr-1 positive IncX4 plasmid in both intra- and inter-specific. Phenotypic and transcriptome analysis revealed that COS enhanced intercellular contact by neutralizing cell surface charge and increasing cell surface hydrophobicity. Additionally, COS increased membrane permeability by inhibiting the Tol-Pal system, thereby facilitating plasmid conjugative transfer. Furthermore, COS served as the carbon source and was metabolized by E. coli, providing energy for plasmid conjugation through regulating the expression of ATPase and global repressor factor-related genes in RP4 plasmid. Overall, these findings improve our awareness of the potential risks associated with the presence of COS and the spread of bacterial antibiotic resistance, emphasizing the need to establish guidelines for the prudent use of COS and its discharge into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yashuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yahong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Lan R, Wu F, Wang Y, Lin Z, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhao Z. Chitosan oligosaccharide improves intestinal function by promoting intestinal development, alleviating intestinal inflammatory response, and enhancing antioxidant capacity in broilers aged d 1 to 14. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103381. [PMID: 38157786 PMCID: PMC10790092 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) supplementation on intestinal development and functions, inflammatory response, antioxidant capacity and the related signaling pathways in broilers aged d 1 to 14. A total of 240 one-day old male Arbor Acres broilers (40.47 ± 0.30 g) were randomly allotted to 4 groups, and each group consisted of 6 replicate pens with 10 broilers per replicate. Broilers fed a basal diet supplementation with COS at 0 (CON group), 200 (COS200 group), 400 (COS400 group), and 800 mg/kg (COS800 group) for 14 d, respectively. Broilers in the COS supplementation groups had no significant effects on growth performance. Compared to the CON group, dietary COS supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the relative weight of duodenum, jejunal lipase activity, duodenal and ileal villus surface area, and lower (P < 0.05) ileal amylase and alkaline phosphatase activity, and crypt depth. The expression level of duodenal glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), Na+-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), peptide transporter 1 (PepT1), occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and interleukin-10 (IL-10), jejunal SGLT1, PepT1, occludin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and ileal SGLT1, PepT1, and fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) was upregulated by COS. However, the expression level of duodenal FABP1 and TNF-α, jejunal GLUT1, ZO-1, TLR4, MyD88, nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κB p65), and IL-1β, and ileal GLUT1, NF-κB p65, and IL-1β was downregulated by COS. Furthermore, dietary COS supplementation increased duodenal catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity, jejunal CAT and T-SOD activity, upregulated the expression level of duodenal nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and copper and zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), jejunal CAT, and ileal Nrf2, CAT, and GPX1. These results suggested that COS could promote intestinal development and functions in broilers aged d 1 to 14, which might be mediated by alleviating intestinal inflammatory response and enhancing antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Lan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524-088, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524-088, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524-088, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ziwei Lin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524-088, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Haoxuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524-088, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524-088, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524-088, Guangdong, PR China.
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Zhao J, Zhao F, Li X, Yuan J, Zhang K, Liu H, Wang Y. Multi-omics reveals the mechanisms underlying Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P8-mediated attenuation of oxidative stress in broilers challenged with dexamethasone. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:281-302. [PMID: 37600839 PMCID: PMC10432922 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a common phenomenon in poultry production. Several molecules, including antioxidant genes, miRNAs, and gut microbiota metabolites, have been reported to participate in redox regulation. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P8 (P8) was shown to improve the antioxidant capacity of chickens, but the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, 400 broilers were allocated to 4 treatment groups: control diet (Con group), control diet + dexamethasone injection (DEX group), control diet containing 1 × 108 CFU/g P8 (P8 group), and control diet containing 1 × 108 CFU/g P8 + DEX injection (DEX_P8 group). Integrated analysis of the microbiome, metabolomics, and miRNAomics was conducted to investigate the roles of P8 in oxidative stress in broilers. Results demonstrated that P8 supplementation significantly improved growth performance, jejunal morphology, and antioxidant function in DEX-treated broilers. Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed a higher abundance of Barnesiella (P = 0.01) and Erysipelatoclostridium (P = 0.05) in the DEX_P8 group than in the DEX group. Functional prediction indicated that certain pathways, including the phenylacetate degradation pathway, were enriched in the DEX_P8 group compared to the DEX group. Metabolites in the cecal contents were distinct between the groups. P8 supplementation increased the content of metabolites with antioxidant capacity, e.g., urobilinogen (P < 0.01), and decreased that of metabolites related to oxidative stress, e.g., genistein (P < 0.01). Functional prediction indicated that metabolites that differed between the DEX_P8 and DEX groups were enriched in pathways including "tryptophan metabolism" and "primary bile acid biosynthesis". The miRNAomics analysis further showed that, compared to the DEX group, several miRNAs in the jejunum, such as gga-miR-21-3p (P = 0.03), were increased, whereas gga-miR-455-3p (P = 0.02) was decreased in the DEX_P8 group. The PI3K-Akt, Ras, and Rap1 signaling pathways were enriched in the DEX_P8 group compared to the DEX group through KEGG analysis. Correlation analysis revealed potential interactions between growth performance, oxidation/antioxidation, jejunal morphology, gut microbiota, cecal content metabolites, and jejunal miRNAs. Overall, our results indicate that P8 supplementation may improve the growth performance, jejunal morphology and antioxidant capacity of DEX-treated broilers by regulating gut microbiota, its metabolites, and intestinal miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xuemin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, China
| | - Junmeng Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, China
| | - Huawei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, China
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7
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Youssef IM, Khalil HA, Shakoori AM, Bagadood RM, Alyahyawi AY, Alhazzaa RA, Fakiha KG, Nasr S, Abo-Samra MA, Hassan MS, Halim HSAE, El-Hack MEA, Jaremko M, Al-Nemi R, Youssef KM. Immune response, hematological traits, biochemical blood parameters, and histological status of laying hens influenced by dietary chitosan-oligosaccharides. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102834. [PMID: 37390556 PMCID: PMC10466251 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment aimed to examine the effect of chitosan-oligosaccharides (COS) supplementation in laying hens' diets affected their immune response, hematological characteristics, blood biochemical parameters, and histological status. At the age of 34 wk, 200 laying hens and 20 cocks of the Mandarah chicken strain were allotted into four groups, each consisting of 50 hens and five cocks. The first group acted as a control group, fed on a basal diet. The second, third, and fourth experimental groups each received 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 g/kg of COS in addition to a base diet. Birds received COS at various dosages had significantly (P ˂ 0.05) increased serum concentration of immunoglobulins, avian influenza, and Newcastle disease antibodies compared with the control birds. Moreover, adding COS at level 0.2 g/kg diet insignificantly enhanced immune response than the rest of the treatment groups. Also, treated birds with COS at different levels had insignificantly improved hematological parameters such as red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit compared to the control group. Birds fed COS at all levels had significantly decreased serum cholesterol, triglycerides, Ca++ and alanine aminotransferase concentrations compared with control birds. In addition, compared to the control group, chitosan-treated birds showed enhanced histological examination of the small intestine, isthmus, and testis, notably in birds given COS at 0.1 g/kg diet compared to other treated birds. Cocks fed COS at all levels improved testicular tissues and increased the number and diameter of seminiferous tubules compared with control birds Morphological examination of the ileum showed increased villi number, height, and crypt depth. It is possible to conclude that laying hens' physiological performance and general health can be effectively improved by using chitosan at 0.1 or 2 g/kg diet levels enhanced immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Youssef
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Hassan A Khalil
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Afnan M Shakoori
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab M Bagadood
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej Y Alyahyawi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha A Alhazzaa
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Basic Sciences Department, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khloud G Fakiha
- University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Biology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia Nasr
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher A Abo-Samra
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Magdy S Hassan
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Haiam S Abd El Halim
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruba Al-Nemi
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled M Youssef
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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8
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Ambwani S, Dolma R, Sharma R, Kaur A, Singh H, Ruj A, Ambwani TK. Modulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers due to dexamethasone exposure in chicken splenocytes. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 262:110632. [PMID: 37517103 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEXA) is a potent corticosteroid, commonly used for treating inflammatory, hypersensitive and allergic conditions. It is administered to birds with tumours. Many studies were conducted on its immunosuppressive effects; however none of the similar study is available employing chicken splenocytes culture system. The present study was conducted to assess DEXA induced alterations in inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in chicken splenocytes due to its in vitro exposure. The maximum non-cytotoxic dose (MNCD) was evaluated and was further used for conducting lymphocytes proliferation assay (LPA), antioxidant assays (lipid peroxidation, GSH, superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide assays) and assessment of mRNA levels of various genes (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, LITAF, iNOS, NF-κB1, Nrf-2, Caspase-3 and -9) through qPCR. The MNCD was determined to be 30 ng/ml in chicken splenocytes culture system. DEXA caused reduction in B and T lymphocytes proliferation indicating its immunosuppressive effects, however improved the antioxidant status of the exposed splenocytes. The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, LITAF and NF-κB1 were significantly reduced while IL-10 was enhanced, which signify potent anti-inflammatory potential of DEXA. NF-κB is a major transcription factor that regulates genes responsible for both, innate and adaptive immune responses and elicits inflammation. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) level was found to be up-regulated. Nrf-2 plays important role in combating the oxidant stress and its increased expression could be the reason of improved antioxidant status of DEXA exposed cells. Present findings indicated that DEXA exhibited modulation in anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antioxidant mediators in chicken splenocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Ambwani
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, C.B.S.H., Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Rigzin Dolma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, C.B.S.H., Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Raunak Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, C.B.S.H., Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amandip Kaur
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, C.B.S.H., Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Himani Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, C.B.S.H., Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anamitra Ruj
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, C.B.S.H., Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tanuj Kumar Ambwani
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, C.V.A.S., Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
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9
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Youssef IM, Khalil HA, Swelum AA, Al Garadi MA, Balasubramanian B, Hassan MS, Abd El Halim HS, Abd El-Hack ME, Youssef KM, Abo-Samra MA. Influence of dietary chitosan-oligosaccharides supplementation on productive and reproductive performance of laying hens. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023; 0. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2023-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This experiment aimed to ascertain whether adding chitosan-oligosaccharides (COS) to the diet will affect Mandarah laying hens’ productivity and reproductive efficiency. At the age of 34 weeks, 120 laying hens and 12 cocks of the Mandarah chicken strain were separated into four groups, each consisting of 30 hens and three cocks. The 1st group served as a control group, receiving only a basic diet. The 2nd, 3rd, and 4th experimental groups received 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 g/kg of chitosan-oligosaccharides as an addition to the base diet, respectively. According to the findings of this study, the majority of the analyzed attributes differed significantly between treatment groups. Comparing the COS-treated birds to the control birds, the COS-treated birds significantly increased egg production, improved feed conversion, haugh unit score, shell thickness, fertility, hatchability, ovary weight, and the number of yellow ovarian follicles as well as blood estradiol-17β (E2) and testosterone concentrations. Furthermore, compared to the other treated groups, introducing COS at a level 0.1 g/kg diet resulted in the best laying rate, egg mass, and feed conversion. The highest percentage of fertility, hatchability of hatching eggs, ovary weight, number of yellow ovarian follicles, and serum E2 concentration was also found in birds fed COS at a dose of 0.2 g/kg feed. In addition, compared to the control diet, COS treatment at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 g/kg enhanced relative economic efficiency by 464.43, 457.41, and 352.75%, respectively. It is concluded that chitosan improves economic efficiency, reproductive performance, productivity in laying hens, and overall health when used at a 0.1 g/kg diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M. Youssef
- 1 Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center , Dokki, Giza 12618 , Egypt
| | - Hassan A. Khalil
- 2 Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Ayman A. Swelum
- 3 Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh , , Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged A. Al Garadi
- 3 Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh , , Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Magdy S. Hassan
- 1 Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center , Dokki, Giza 12618 , Egypt
| | - Haiam S. Abd El Halim
- 2 Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | | | - Khaled M. Youssef
- 6 Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Maher A. Abo-Samra
- 2 Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
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10
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Park BM, Lee J, Park YK, Yang YC, Jung BG, Lee BJ. Immune-enhancing Effects of Chitosan-fermented Feed Additive on Broiler Chickens and Subsequent Protection Conferred against Experimental Infection with Salmonella Gallinarum. J Poult Sci 2023; 60:2023016. [PMID: 37426541 PMCID: PMC10325949 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2023016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Benefits chitosan-fermented feed additives (CFFAs) particularly in the regulation of the immune system and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, we investigated the immune-enhancing and bacterial clearance effects of CFFA (fermented by Bacillus licheniformis) on broiler chickens Salmonella Gallinarum challenge. We administered 2% or 4% CFFA evaluated its immune-enhancing effects using several immunological experiments, including examination of lysozyme activity, lymphocyte proliferation, and expression of cytokines. We also evaluated the bacterial clearance effects of CFFA against S. Gallinarum. CFFA administration markedly enhanced lysozyme activity, lymphocyte proliferation, and the expression of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma in the spleen. In broilers challenged with S. Gallinarum, the clinical signs of S. Gallinarum infection and the number of viable bacterial colonies in the feces and tissues decreased in both CFFA groups. Therefore, CFFAs could be good candidates for feed additive to improve nonspecific immune responses and bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Mi Park
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jina Lee
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Current address: Biology Department at Morrissey College of
Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, U.S.A
| | - Young Kyu Park
- Korea Beneficial Insects Lab. Co., Ltd., Soryong-ri,
Okgwa-myeon, Gokseong-gun, Jeollanam-do 57507, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Cheol Yang
- Korea Beneficial Insects Lab. Co., Ltd., Soryong-ri,
Okgwa-myeon, Gokseong-gun, Jeollanam-do 57507, Republic of Korea
| | - Bock Gie Jung
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Current address: Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center
for Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases Control, University of Texas Health Science Center
at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, U.S.A
| | - Bong Joo Lee
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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11
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Islam R, Sultana N, Haque Z, Rafiqul Islam M. Effect of dietary dexamethasone on the morphologic and morphometric adaptations in the lymphoid organs and mortality rate in broilers. Vet Med Sci 2023. [PMID: 37067539 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen are the major lymphoid organs of avian species that plays a crucial role in their immunity. Though glucocorticoids are reportedly used as growth promoters, they also suppress the immune system. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the morphologic and morphometric adaptations in the lymphoid organs as well as the mortality rate in broilers in response to long-term treatment with dexamethasone (DEX). METHODS A total of 80 one-day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly divided into four homogenous groups (control - C and treatment groups - T1, T2, and T3). The treatment groups received DEX at the rate of 3, 5, and 7 mg/kg commercial feed. Samples, i.e. thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and spleen, were collected on 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of the experiment. Relative weight of the organs was calculated on each sampling day. The tissues were then processed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin stain for morphological and morphometric study. RESULTS The relative weight of lymphoid organs was found substantially (p < 0.05) less in the DEX-treated groups. Significant (p < 0.05) reduction in lobular size and the cortical-medullary ratio was observed in the thymus of the DEX-treated broilers. Follicular atrophy and massive depletion of lymphocytes were evident in the bursa of Fabricius. The mortality rate was also increased which was largely dependent on the dose and duration of DEX treatment. CONCLUSIONS The study results indicate that DEX treatment can alter the morphology and morphometry of lymphoid organs which might result in severe immunosuppression and increased mortality rate in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Nasrin Sultana
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Ziaul Haque
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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12
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Kamal M, Kishk WH, Khalil HA, Abdel-Khalek AM, Ayoub MA, Swelum AA, Alqhtani AH, Ba-Awadh HA, Abd El-Hack ME. Effect of dietary chitosan supplementation on productive and physiological performance parameters of growing New Zealand white rabbits. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123166. [PMID: 36623627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan supplementation on the growth performance, carcass traits, and some physiological parameters of weaned New Zealand White rabbits (NZW). Sixty-four NZWs were randomly distributed into four dietary experimental groups (n = 16) and fed a basal diet ad libitum for eight weeks: under Egyptian conditions. The basal diet without chitosan served as the control group, while the other three groups were fed diets containing 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g chitosan/kg diet. We observed significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences among chitosan treatments. Specifically, groups supplemented with chitosan in their diets had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher final body weight and weight gain, as well as an improved feed conversion ratio compared to the control group. Rabbits fed chitosan at 0.2 g/kg diet performed the best in growth traits compared to other treatment groups. Rabbits fed chitosan at 0.4 g/kg diet had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher levels of total protein in their blood than in the control group. However, levels did not differ significantly from that in the 0.2 group. Likewise, the highest (P ≤ 0.05) levels of glucose and HDL concentrations were detected in rabbits fed chitosan at a 0.2 g/kg diet. All chitosan-supplemented groups (especially at 0.2 g/kg diet) had higher economic efficiency and relative profit levels than the control group. Moreover, morphometric evaluations of the small intestine revealed higher villi number and crypt depth values in chitosan-treated animals compared to the control group. We conclude that using chitosan at levels of 0.2 or 0.4 g/kg diet can effectively improve the body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and economic efficiency, as well as the overall health status of NZW under Egyptian conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Kamal
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Waleid H Kishk
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hassan A Khalil
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Khalek
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Ayoub
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
| | - Abdulmohsen H Alqhtani
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
| | - Hani A Ba-Awadh
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
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13
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Kamal M, Sindi RA, El-Azzazi FE, Kishk WH, Khalil HA, Abdel-Khalek AM, Ayoub MA, Tufarelli V, Abd El-Hack ME. Sexual behaviour response, testicular development and semen quality of New Zealand white rabbit bucks as influenced by dietary chitosan. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:405-413. [PMID: 36448722 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary chitosan supplementation on sexual behaviour responses, testicular development, and semen quality traits of New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit bucks. Twenty-four 5-week-old rabbit bucks were used in this experiment. Animals were grouped into four equal experimental groups: the control group was fed only on a basal diet, whereas the other groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with three levels of chitosan at 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 g/kg, respectively. Also, bucks that received chitosan at 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg had a significantly earlier time of sexual libido (p ≤ .05) and had significantly higher ejaculate volume and sperm concentration than other groups (p ≤ .001). Furthermore, basic and sexual behaviours were significantly improved in bucks fed chitosan at 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg compared with other groups. Therefore, it could be concluded that using chitosan at 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg enhanced sexual behaviour, improved semen quality, and reproductive efficiency in the NZW rabbit bucks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Kamal
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ramya A Sindi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fakhri E El-Azzazi
- Department of Animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Waleid H Kishk
- Department of Animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hassan A Khalil
- Department of Animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Mostafa A Ayoub
- Department of Animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione e Rigenerativa e Area Jonica (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, Italy
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14
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Fathi M, Saeedyan S, Kaoosi M. Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) supplementation alleviates dexamethasone treatment-induced oxidative stress and inflammation response in broiler chickens. Stress 2023; 26:2185861. [PMID: 36861448 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2023.2185861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) on growth performance, serum and liver antioxidant status, inflammation response and hematological changes, in male broiler chickens under experimentally induced stress via in-feed dexamethasone (DEX). A total of 300 male chicks (Ross 308) on day 7 after hatching, were randomly selected into four groups which were positive control group (PC, without any treatment), negative control (NC, with 1 mg/kg DEX), a third group received 1 mg/kg DEX and 100 mg/kg GABA (DG +) and the last one was (DG ++) which received 1 mg/kg DEX and 200 mg/kg GABA. Each group has five replicates (15 birds/replicate). Dietary GABA modulated DEX-induced adverse effects on body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. The DEX-induced effect of serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 was reduced by dietary GABA supplementation. The activity of serum and liver superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase were enhanced and malondialdehyde was reduced by GABA supplementation. The serum levels of total cholesterol & triglyceride were higher while low-density lipoprotein & high-density lipoprotein were lower in GABA groups than NC group. GABA supplementation also significantly decreased the heterophil, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio and elevated the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) than NC group. In conclusion, dietary GABA supplementation can alleviate DEX stress-induced oxidative stress and inflammation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhtar Fathi
- Department of Animal Science, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Majid Kaoosi
- Department of Biology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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15
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W A AEG. Chitosan: a promising natural polysaccharide feed additive in poultry production systems. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2023; 24:301-312. [PMID: 38799294 PMCID: PMC11127735 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2023.46967.6751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the hazardous use of antibiotic growth promotors in the poultry industry has led to the development of drug resistance and violative tissue residues. Therefore, the European Union Regulation banned application of these growth promotors, and the international authorities have searched for other natural and safe feed additive sources as substitutes for antibiotics. Chitosan has been used as a feed-additive alternative in veterinary medicine practices worldwide. Chitosan and chitosan-based nanoparticles have been extensively investigated in the poultry production system and have proved several positive impacts. The overall performance parameters of broilers and layers have been improved following dietary treatments with chitosan. Besides, chitosan showed antimicrobial activity against many bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic diseases as well as boosting of the immune response. Modulation of the antioxidant activity and modification of some blood parameters have also been detected owing to dietary chitosan supplementations. Moreover, chitosan nanoparticles have been now applied as a vaccine delivery vehicle and a mucosal adjuvant for many important poultry bacterial and viral diseases. Therefore, this review article sheds light on the effects of chitosan and its nanoparticle forms on the production traits of broilers and layers, their antimicrobial, immuno-regulatory, and antioxidant properties, as well as their effects on the blood constituents and vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd El-Ghany W A
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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16
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Sultana N, Islam R, Das RR, Haque Z, Rafiq K, Khan MAHNA. Steroid growth promoter modified glucose profile and liver morphology in broiler by altering the localization and expression pattern of hepatic glucocorticoid receptors. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:277-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Sugiharto S, Agusetyaningsih I, Widiastuti E, Wahyuni HI, Yudiarti T, Sartono TA. Germinated papaya seed alone or in combination with chitosan on growth, health and meat quality of broilers during grower period. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 18:100273. [PMID: 36438428 PMCID: PMC9694057 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the effect of a mixture of germinated papaya seed flour and chitosan (GPS-CH) in comparison to the germinated papaya seed flour (GPS) alone on growth, blood profile, intestinal indices and meat quality of broilers. A total of 288 14-day old Cobb chicks were divided into three groups with 8 replications, including CONT (chicks receiving basal feed with no additive), GPS (chicks receiving basal feed supplemented with 0.5% GPS), and GPS-CH (chicks receiving basal feed supplemented with 0.5% GPS and 0.2% chitosan). Treatments had no effect (p > 0.05) on broiler growth. Spleen was lower (p < 0.05) in GPS and GPS-CH than in CONT. Thrombocytes were lower (p < 0.05) in GPS and GPS-CH than in CONT. Total triglyceride and protein were higher (p < 0.05) in GPS and GPS-CH than in CONT. Jejunal villi height (VH) and ileal VH to crypt depth ratio of GPS-CH were higher (p < 0.05) than that of CONT and GPS birds. Total fat in breast meat was lower (p < 0.05) in GPS-CH than in CONT and GPS. The highest (p < 0.05) pH was found in GPS-CH breast. The yellowness values were lower (p < 0.05) in GPS-CH than in CONT and GPS breast. GPS thigh had lowest (p < 0.05) moisture and highest (p < 0.05) fat. Ash was higher (p < 0.05) in GPS-CH than in CONT thigh. Water holding capacity (WHC) was higher (p < 0.05) in GPS-CH than in CONT and GPS thigh meats. Cooking loss was lower (p < 0.05) in GPS-CH than in GPS thigh meats. Compared to GPS, the pH values of thigh meats were higher (p < 0.05) in GPS-CH and CONT meats. The yellowness values were lower in GPS and GPS-CH than in CONT thigh. In conclusion, GPS-CH was beneficial in improving immune responses, nutrient bioavailability, intestinal morphology and meat quality of broilers during the grower period.
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18
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Multifunctional role of chitosan in farm animals: a comprehensive review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The deacetylation of chitin results in chitosan, a fibrous-like material. It may be produced in large quantities since the raw material (chitin) is plentiful in nature as a component of crustacean (shrimps and crabs) and insect hard outer skeletons, as well as the cell walls of some fungi. Chitosan is a nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible polygluchitosanamine that contains two essential reactive functional groups, including amino and hydroxyl groups. This unique chemical structure confers chitosan with many biological functions and activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antitumor, immunostimulatory and hypocholesterolemic, when used as a feed additive for farm animals. Studies have indicated the beneficial effects of chitosan on animal health and performance, aside from its safer use as an antibiotic alternative. This review aimed to highlight the effects of chitosan on animal health and performance when used as a promising feed additive.
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19
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He CF, Li XF, Jiang GZ, Zhang L, Sun M, Ge YP, Chen WL, Liu WB. Feed types affect the growth, nutrient utilization, digestive capabilities, and endocrine functions of Megalobrama amblycephala: a comparative study between pelleted and extruded feed. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1025-1038. [PMID: 35802285 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, both pelleted feed (PF) and extruded feed (EF) have been widely adopted in the aquaculture industry. However, limited information is available comparing their utilization efficiencies and meanwhile interpreting the underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to compare the utilization efficiencies of both PF and EF by blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) based on growth performance, digestive capacities, and endocrine functions. Two feeds with identical formulas were prepared and named PF and EF. Fish were randomly distributed into two groups, including one that fed the PF continuously, and one that offered the EF continuously. The whole feeding trail lasted 8 weeks. The results showed that the protein efficiency (PER), retention of nitrogen and energy (NRE and ERE), viscera index (VSI), apparent digestibility of dry matter, protein, carbohydrate, and gross energy, whole-body crude protein and energy contents, intestinal enzymatic activities of protease, amylase, and Na+,K+-ATPase, intestinal villi length, crypt depth, muscular layer thickness, and the transcriptions of leptin (LEP) and cholecystokinin (CCK) of the EF group were all significantly higher than those of the PF group, while the opposite was true for feed intake and feed conversion ratio. These findings suggested that compared with PF, EF could improve the feed utilization and nutrient retention of blunt snout bream by enhancing the intestinal digestive and absorptive functions but reduce the feed intake through the stimulation of both LEP and CCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Fan He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Dai J, Wang H, Liao Y, Tan L, Sun Y, Song C, Liu W, Ding C, Luo T, Qiu X. Non-Targeted Metabolomic Analysis of Chicken Kidneys in Response to Coronavirus IBV Infection Under Stress Induced by Dexamethasone. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:945865. [PMID: 35909955 PMCID: PMC9335950 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.945865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress in poultry can lead to changes in body metabolism and immunity, which can increase susceptibility to infectious diseases. However, knowledge regarding chicken responses to viral infection under stress is limited. Dexamethasone (Dex) is a synthetic glucocorticoid similar to that secreted by animals under stress conditions, and has been widely used to induce stress in chickens. Herein, we established a stress model in 7-day-old chickens injected with Dex to elucidate the effects of stress on IBV replication in the kidneys. The metabolic changes, immune status and growth of the chickens under stress conditions were comprehensively evaluated. Furthermore, the metabolic profile, weight gain, viral load, serum cholesterol levels, cytokines and peripheral blood lymphocyte ratio were compared in chickens treated with Dex and infected with IBV. An LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics method was used to examine differentially enriched metabolites in the kidneys. A total of 113 metabolites whose abundance was altered after Dex treatment were identified, most of which were lipids and lipid-like molecules. The principal metabolic alterations in chicken kidneys caused by IBV infection included fatty acid, valine, leucine and isoleucine metabolism. Dex treatment before and after IBV infection mainly affected the host’s tryptophan, phenylalanine, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. In addition, Dex led to up-regulation of serum cholesterol levels and renal viral load in chickens, and to the inhibition of weight gain, peripheral blood lymphocytes and IL-6 production. We also confirmed that the exogenous cholesterol in DF-1 cells promoted the replication of IBV. However, whether the increase in viral load in kidney tissue is associated with the up-regulation of cholesterol levels induced by Dex must be demonstrated in future experiments. In conclusion, chick growth and immune function were significantly inhibited by Dex. Host cholesterol metabolism and the response to IBV infection are regulated by Dex. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms in poultry stress, and should support further research on the intrinsic link between cholesterol metabolism and IBV replication under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tingrong Luo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Xusheng Qiu, ; Tingrong Luo,
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xusheng Qiu, ; Tingrong Luo,
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Chlorogenic acid improves growth performance and intestinal health through autophagy-mediated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway in oxidatively stressed broilers induced by dexamethasone. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102036. [PMID: 35901652 PMCID: PMC9326338 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity, and the autophagy-mediated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in oxidatively stressed broilers were investigated. A total of 400 one-day-old male Cobb broilers were divided randomly into 4 groups using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 CGA supplemental levels (0 and 500 mg/kg) and 2 dexamethasone (DEX) challenge levels (0 and 3 mg/kg body weight). All the broilers were injected intraperitoneally with DEX or sterile saline beginning at the age of 15 d for 6 consecutive days. The experiment lasted for 21 d. The CGA increased average daily gain (ADG), villus height, villus height/crypt depth (V/C) value, and the protein expressions of Occludin and ZO-1 in the ileum and decreased the feed:gain (F:G) ratio, which were impaired by the DEX challenge. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), gutathione S-transferase (GST), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activities in the serum and ileum were increased by CGA, whereas protein carboxyl (PCO) level in the serum and ileum, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the ileum were decreased of the DEX challenged broilers. The DEX challenge decreased microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II, Beclin1, and autophagy-related gene (ATG) 7 mRNA expressions, and the LC3-II/LC3-I value and increased LC3-I, cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase)-3 and Caspase-9 mRNA expressions in the ileum, which were improved by CGA. DEX also decreased the protein expressions of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1), Nrf2, HO-1, NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1(NQO-1) and increased sequestosome 1 (p62) in the ileum, which were improved by CGA. Interactions occurred between DEX and CGA for the ADG, F:G ratio, villus height, crypt depth, V/C value, and SOD, CAT, GST, and HO-1 activities, MDA and PCO levels, LC3-II/LC3-I value, and expressions of LC3-I, LC3-II, Beclin1, ATG7, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Occludin, ZO-1, Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1, and p62. In conclusion, CGA improved the growth performance and intestinal health of oxidatively stressed broilers by activating the autophagy-mediated Nrf2 pathway.
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22
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Islam R, Sultana N, Ayman U, Islam MR, Hashem MA. Role of steroid growth promoter on growth performance and meat quality traits in broiler. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101904. [PMID: 35523031 PMCID: PMC9079692 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth promoters are added with broiler feed to boost the overall feed efficiency and growth rate. The current study investigated the effect of dexamethasone (DEX)—a commonly used growth promoter—on the broiler growth rate, meat quality, and muscle biology. Four homogenous groups (20 chicks/group) of broiler one-day-old chicks were fed commercial broiler feed where the treatment groups received 3, 5, and 7 mg/kg of DEX with their diet for 28 d. Feed consumption and body weight were monitored on a daily basis. Muscle samples were collected on 7, 14, 21, and 28 d of the experiment to investigate meat quality and muscular biology. The residue of DEX in meat was detected using thin-layer chromatography. We observed that DEX had substantially decreased (P < 0.05) feed intake, feed efficiency, and overall weight gain in the broiler. While the weight of breast and thigh meat was decreased, the relative meat weight (meat/body weight) was increased significantly in chicks fed DEX. Simultaneously, body fat decreased while the percentage of fat increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the DEX groups. Contrariwise, DEX improved the investigated meat quality parameters with the potential threat of accumulation of DEX residue in the meat at a high dose (7 mg/kg). We also observed that DEX significantly increased the number of myofibers and decreased the cross-sectional area of myofibers. Based on these findings, we conclude that DEX reduces feed intake, feed efficiency, and growth rate, but might improve meat quality with a potential risk of residual DEX accumulation if fed at a high dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Nasrin Sultana
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Ummay Ayman
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abul Hashem
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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23
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Elnesr SS, Elwan HAM, El Sabry MI, Shehata AM, Alagawany M. Impact of chitosan on productive and physiological performance and gut health of poultry. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2041992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Hamada A. M. Elwan
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. El Sabry
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdelrazeq M. Shehata
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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24
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Wang L, Cheng R, Sun X, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Gao Y, Ding Z, Ge W, Liu J, Wang S, Zhang J. Safety assessment of functional oligooctasaccharide riclinoctaose: A pilot study of genotoxicity, acute toxicity, and subchronic toxicity. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1306-1318. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Center for Molecular Metabolism Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Xiaqing Sun
- Center for Molecular Metabolism Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Yan Gao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Zhao Ding
- Center for Molecular Metabolism Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Nanjing 210094 China
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25
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Yu M, Meng T, He W, Huang H, Liu C, Fu X, He J, Yin Y, Xiao D. Dietary Chito-oligosaccharides Improve Intestinal Immunity via Regulating Microbiota and Th17/Treg Balance-Related Immune Signaling in Piglets Challenged by Enterotoxigenic E. coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15195-15207. [PMID: 34881888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate how chito-oligosaccharides (COSs) affect the growth performance and immune stress response and to further explain their mechanisms. A total of 32 boars that were 28 days old and three-way weaned were randomly allotted to four equal groups [CON (basal diet) group, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) group, COS group, and COS*ETEC group]. The results showed that COS partially reversed the negative changes in the average daily gain and average daily feed intake caused by the ETEC challenge and thereby alleviated the increase in the feed conversion ratio. Dietary COS increased the villus length as compared with the CON group and improved the ileal morphological structure. Additionally, it increased the bacterial diversity and Bacteroidetes abundance and lowered the Firmicutes abundance and Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio at the phylum level. COS treatment lowered the abundance of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Anarovovrio in the intestines of piglets, while it increased Muribaculaceae_unclassified and Prevotella at the genus level. COS had a significant inhibitory effect on the increase in the relative expression abundance of STAT3 mRNA caused by ETEC. The IL-10 and FOXP3 mRNAs were found to be significantly lower in the COS, ETEC, and COS*ETEC groups as compared to the CON group. These results demonstrate that COS could be beneficial for improving the growth performance and attenuating ETEC-challenged intestinal inflammation via regulating microbiota and Th17/Treg balance-related immune signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manrong Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tiantian Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenxiang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaoqin Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dingfu Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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26
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Nunes YL, de Menezes FL, de Sousa IG, Cavalcante ALG, Cavalcante FTT, da Silva Moreira K, de Oliveira ALB, Mota GF, da Silva Souza JE, de Aguiar Falcão IR, Rocha TG, Valério RBR, Fechine PBA, de Souza MCM, Dos Santos JCS. Chemical and physical Chitosan modification for designing enzymatic industrial biocatalysts: How to choose the best strategy? Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:1124-1170. [PMID: 33864867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is one of the most abundant natural polymer worldwide, and due to its inherent characteristics, its use in industrial processes has been extensively explored. Because it is biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, hydrophilic, cheap, and has good physical-chemical stability, it is seen as an excellent alternative for the replacement of synthetic materials in the search for more sustainable production methodologies. Thus being, a possible biotechnological application of Chitosan is as a direct support for enzyme immobilization. However, its applicability is quite specific, and to overcome this issue, alternative pretreatments are required, such as chemical and physical modifications to its structure, enabling its use in a wider array of applications. This review aims to present the topic in detail, by exploring and discussing methods of employment of Chitosan in enzymatic immobilization processes with various enzymes, presenting its advantages and disadvantages, as well as listing possible chemical modifications and combinations with other compounds for formulating an ideal support for this purpose. First, we will present Chitosan emphasizing its characteristics that allow its use as enzyme support. Furthermore, we will discuss possible physicochemical modifications that can be made to Chitosan, mentioning the improvements obtained in each process. These discussions will enable a comprehensive comparison between, and an informed choice of, the best technologies concerning enzyme immobilization and the application conditions of the biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale Luck Nunes
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lima de Menezes
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Isamayra Germano de Sousa
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Antônio Luthierre Gama Cavalcante
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Katerine da Silva Moreira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Barros de Oliveira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly Ferreira Mota
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - José Erick da Silva Souza
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Italo Rafael de Aguiar Falcão
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Thales Guimaraes Rocha
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberta Bussons Rodrigues Valério
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pierre Basílio Almeida Fechine
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristiane Martins de Souza
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - José C S Dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção CEP 62790970, CE, Brazil; Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil.
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The Protect Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharides on Intestinal Integrity by Regulating Oxidative Status and Inflammation under Oxidative Stress. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020057. [PMID: 33503912 PMCID: PMC7911331 DOI: 10.3390/md19020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplementation of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on intestinal integrity, oxidative status, and the inflammation response with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) challenge. In total, 30 rats were randomly assigned to three groups with 10 replications: CON group, basal diet; AS group, basal diet + 0.1% H2O2 in drinking water; ASC group, basal diet + 200 mg/kg COS + 0.1% H2O2 in drinking water. The results indicated that COS upregulated (p < 0.05) villus height (VH) of the small intestine, duodenum, and ileum; mucosal glutathione peroxidase activity; jejunum and ileum mucosal total antioxidant capacity; duodenum and ileum mucosal interleukin (IL)-6 level; jejunum mucosal tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level; duodenum and ileum mucosal IL-10 level; the mRNA expression level of zonula occludens (ZO)-1 in the jejunum and ileum, claudin in the duodenum, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-like 2 in the jejunum, and heme oxygenase-1 in the duodenum and ileum; and the protein expression of ZO-1 and claudin in jejunum; however, it downregulated (p < 0.05) serum diamine oxidase activity and D-lactate level; small intestine mucosal malondialdehyde content; duodenum and ileum mucosal IL-6 level; jejunum mucosal TNF-α level; and the mRNA expression of IL-6 in the duodenum and jejunum, and TNF-α in the jejunum and ileum. These results suggested COS could maintain intestinal integrity under oxidative stress by modulating the intestinal oxidative status and release of inflammatory cytokines.
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Lin WC, Lee TT. The Laetiporus sulphureus Fermented Product Enhances the Antioxidant Status, Intestinal Tight Junction, and Morphology of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010149. [PMID: 33440766 PMCID: PMC7827109 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study investigated the effects of the Laetiporus sulphureus fermented product (FL) as a feed supplement on antioxidant activities, intestinal Tight Junction (TJ) mRNA expression, and the intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. FL supplementation could potentially enhance the feed conversion ratio in broilers by improving their antioxidative status, TJ mRNA expression, and intestinal morphology. Broilers supplemented with 5% FL exhibited the best overall results on improving antioxidant status, TJ mRNA expression, and intestinal morphology. Abstract The Laetiporus sp. is a fungal species that is traditionally used for medicinal purposes. This study investigated the effects of the Laetiporus sulphureus fermented product (FL) as a feed supplementation on the antioxidant activities, the intestinal Tight Junction (TJ) mRNA expression, and the intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Four-hundred one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to five experimental diets: (1) a corn-soybean meal basal diet (control), (2) a basal diet replaced with 5% Wheat Bran (5% WB), (3) a basal diet replaced with 10% WB (10% WB), (4) a basal diet replaced with 5% FL (5% FL), and (5) a basal diet replaced with 10% FL (10% FL). The FL-supplemented groups exhibited a better feed conversion ratio in the overall experimental period compared to the WB and control groups. The serum antioxidant profiles of 35-day-old broilers showed that, compared to the control and 10% WB groups, the 5% FL supplementation group had a significantly increased superoxide dismutase activity, while it down-regulated the concentration of malondialdehyde in the serum (p < 0.05). The assessment of selected antioxidant gene expression showed that the 5% FL group significantly elevated heme oxygenase-1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 expression, compared to the control and WB groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, both of the FL supplemented groups had a significantly higher expression of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, compared to that of the WB and control groups in the jejunum (p < 0.05). The TJ mRNA expression in the jejunum showed that 5% FL significantly elevated the zonula occludens-1, claudin-1, and mucin-2 expression (p < 0.05), while 5% and 10% FL supplementation significantly improved OCLN expression in both the jejunum and ileum, compared to control group (p < 0.05). The intestinal morphology of 35-day-old broilers showed that a 5% FL supplementation significantly increased the villus height in the ileum and jejunum, compared to the WB and control groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the 5% and 10% FL supplementation groups had a significantly higher villi:crypt ratio in the ileum, compared to the WB and control groups (p < 0.05). To conclude, FL supplementation improved the antioxidative status, the TJ mRNA expression, and the intestinal morphology, and it was accompanied by a lowered feed conversion ratio in broilers. Finally, 5% supplementation had the overall best results in improving the antioxidant status, TJ mRNA expression, and intestinal morphology of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chih Lin
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu Tai Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22840366; Fax: +886-4-22860265
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