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Luther L, Jarvis SA, Spilka MJ, Strauss GP. Global reward processing deficits predict negative symptoms transdiagnostically and transphasically in a severe mental illness-spectrum sample. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:1729-1740. [PMID: 38051397 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Reward processing impairments are a key factor associated with negative symptoms in those with severe mental illnesses. However, past findings are inconsistent regarding which reward processing components are impaired and most strongly linked to negative symptoms. The current study examined the hypothesis that these mixed findings may be the result of multiple reward processing pathways (i.e., equifinality) to negative symptoms that cut across diagnostic boundaries and phases of illness. Participants included healthy controls (n = 100) who served as a reference sample and a severe mental illness-spectrum sample (n = 92) that included psychotic-like experiences, clinical high-risk for psychosis, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia participants. All participants completed tasks measuring four RDoC Positive Valence System constructs: value representation, reinforcement learning, effort-cost computation, and hedonic reactivity. A k-means cluster analysis of the severe mental illness-spectrum samples identified three clusters with differential reward processing profiles that were characterized by: (1) global reward processing deficits (22.8%), (2) selective impairments in hedonic reactivity alone (40.2%), and (3) preserved reward processing (37%). Elevated negative symptoms were only observed in the global reward processing cluster. All clusters contained participants from each clinical group, and the distribution of these groups did not significantly differ among the clusters. Findings identified one pathway contributing to negative symptoms that was transdiagnostic and transphasic. Future work further characterizing divergent pathways to negative symptoms may help to improve symptom trajectories and personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Luther
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Sierra A Jarvis
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Michael J Spilka
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Gregory P Strauss
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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2
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Lasagna CA, Tso IF, Blain SD, Pleskac TJ. Cognitive Mechanisms of Aberrant Self-Referential Social Perception in Psychosis and Bipolar Disorder: Insights From Computational Modeling. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae147. [PMID: 39258381 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) show disruptions in self-referential gaze perception-a social perceptual process related to symptoms and functioning. However, our current mechanistic understanding of these dysfunctions and relationships is imprecise. STUDY DESIGN The present study used mathematical modeling to uncover cognitive processes driving gaze perception abnormalities in SZ and BD, and how they relate to cognition, symptoms, and social functioning. We modeled the behavior of 28 SZ, 38 BD, and 34 controls (HC) in a self-referential gaze perception task using drift-diffusion models parameterized to index key cognitive components: drift rate (evidence accumulation efficiency), drift bias (perceptual bias), start point (expectation bias), threshold separation (response caution), and nondecision time (encoding/motor processes). STUDY RESULTS Results revealed that aberrant gaze perception in SZ and BD was driven by less efficient evidence accumulation, perceptual biases predisposing self-referential responses, and greater caution (SZ only). Across SZ and HC, poorer social functioning was related to greater expectation biases. Within SZ, perceptual and expectancy biases were associated with hallucination and delusion severity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that diminished evidence accumulation and perceptual biases may underlie altered gaze perception in patients and that SZ may engage in compensatory cautiousness, sacrificing response speed to preserve accuracy. Moreover, biases at the belief and perceptual levels may relate to symptoms and functioning. Computational modeling can, therefore, be used to achieve a more nuanced, cognitive process-level understanding of the mechanisms of social cognitive difficulties, including gaze perception, in individuals with SZ and BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A Lasagna
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ivy F Tso
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Scott D Blain
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy J Pleskac
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
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3
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Lasagna CA, Tso IF, Blain SD, Pleskac TJ. Cognitive Mechanisms of Aberrant Self-Referential Social Perception in Psychosis and Bipolar Disorder: Insights from Computational Modeling. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.30.24304780. [PMID: 39072038 PMCID: PMC11275667 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.30.24304780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Background and Hypothesis Individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) show disruptions in self-referential gaze perception-a social perceptual process related to symptoms and functioning. However, our current mechanistic understanding of these dysfunctions and relationships is imprecise. Study Design The present study used mathematical modeling to uncover cognitive processes driving gaze perception abnormalities in SZ and BD, and how they relate to cognition, symptoms, and social functioning. We modeled the behavior of 28 SZ, 38 BD, and 34 controls (HC) in a self-referential gaze perception task using drift-diffusion models (DDM) parameterized to index key cognitive components: drift rate (evidence accumulation efficiency), drift bias (perceptual bias), start point (expectation bias), threshold separation (response caution), and non- decision time (encoding/motor processes). Study Results Results revealed that aberrant gaze perception in SZ and BD was driven by less efficient evidence accumulation, perceptual biases predisposing self-referential responses, and greater caution (SZ only). Across SZ and HC, poorer social functioning was related to greater expectation biases. Within SZ, perceptual and expectancy biases were associated with hallucination and delusion severity, respectively. Conclusions These findings indicate that diminished evidence accumulation and perceptual biases may underlie altered gaze perception in patients and that SZ may engage in compensatory cautiousness, sacrificing response speed to preserve accuracy. Moreover, biases at the belief and perceptual levels may relate to symptoms and functioning. Computational modeling can, therefore, be used to achieve a more nuanced, cognitive process-level understanding of the mechanisms of social cognitive difficulties, including gaze perception, in individuals with SZ and BD.
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So SHW, Chau AKC, Chung LKH, Leung CM, Chong GH, Chang WC, Mak AD, Chan SS, Lee S, Sommer IE. Moment-to-moment affective dynamics in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e67. [PMID: 37544924 PMCID: PMC10594258 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective disturbances in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may represent a transdiagnostic etiological process as well as a target of intervention. Hypotheses on similarities and differences in various parameters of affective dynamics (intensity, successive/acute changes, variability, and reactivity to stress) between the two disorders were tested. METHODS Experience sampling method was used to assess dynamics of positive and negative affect, 10 times a day over 6 consecutive days. Patients with schizophrenia (n = 46) and patients with bipolar disorder (n = 46) were compared against age-matched healthy controls (n = 46). RESULTS Compared to controls, the schizophrenia group had significantly more intense momentary negative affect, a lower likelihood of acute changes in positive affect, and reduced within-person variability of positive affect. The bipolar disorder group was not significantly different from either the schizophrenia group or the healthy control group on any affect indexes. Within the schizophrenia group, level of depression was associated with weaker reactivity to stress for negative affect. Within the bipolar disorder group, level of depression was associated with lower positive affect. CONCLUSIONS Patients with schizophrenia endured a more stable and negative affective state than healthy individuals, and were less likely to be uplifted in response to happenings in daily life. There is little evidence that these affective constructs characterize the psychopathology of bipolar disorder; such investigation may have been limited by the heterogeneity within group. Our findings supported the clinical importance of assessing multiple facets of affective dynamics beyond the mean levels of intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Ho-wai So
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anson Kai Chun Chau
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Chung-ming Leung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - George H.C. Chong
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Chung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Arthur D.P. Mak
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sandra S.M. Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sing Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Iris E. Sommer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands
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Vázquez-Reyes A, Ángeles Pérez-San-Gregorio M, Martín-Rodríguez A, Vázquez-Morejón AJ. Ten-year follow-up of social functioning and behaviour problems in people with schizophrenia and related disorders. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:1324-1335. [PMID: 34096361 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211023083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, several variables in the course of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders have been studied. However, an instrumental analysis of the evolution of social functioning and behaviour problems has scarcely been explored. AIM To analyse the evolution of social functioning and behaviour problems and find any diagnosis or gender differences. METHOD The Social Functioning Scale (SFS) and the Behaviour Problems Inventory (BPI) were administered in Stages I (2003-2007) and II (2014-2017) to 100 close relatives of patients under treatment at a Community Mental Health Unit. A related samples t-test, analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of variance were performed to study the evolution and differences in social functioning and behaviour problems. Then a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was done to predict the evolution of social functioning. RESULTS No deterioration in the evolution of social functioning or behaviour problems was observed, and schizophrenia patient scores were lower. Women scored higher in withdrawal/social engagement, interpersonal behaviour, independence-performance, independence-competence and total social functioning, with no significant differences in behaviour problems. Previous social functioning, underactivity/social withdrawal and education are predictive factors in the evolution of social functioning. Conclusion: The results show the need for implementing psychosocial intervention programs that promote functional recovery and keep problems from becoming chronic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Ángeles Pérez-San-Gregorio
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Agustín Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio J Vázquez-Morejón
- Mental Health Service, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain.,Faculty of Psychology, Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Miley K, Michalowski M, Yu F, Leng E, McMorris BJ, Vinogradov S. Predictive models for social functioning in healthy young adults: A machine learning study integrating neuroanatomical, cognitive, and behavioral data. Soc Neurosci 2022; 17:414-427. [PMID: 36196662 PMCID: PMC9707316 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2022.2132285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Poor social functioning is an emerging public health problem associated with physical and mental health consequences. Developing prognostic tools is critical to identify individuals at risk for poor social functioning and guide interventions. We aimed to inform prediction models of social functioning by evaluating models relying on bio-behavioral data using machine learning. With data from the Human Connectome Project Healthy Young Adult sample (age 22-35, N = 1,101), we built Support Vector Regression models to estimate social functioning from variable sets of brain morphology to behavior with increasing complexity: 1) brain-only model, 2) brain-cognition model, 3) cognition-behavioral model, and 4) combined brain-cognition-behavioral model. Predictive accuracy of each model was assessed and the importance of individual variables for model performance was determined. The combined and cognition-behavioral models significantly predicted social functioning, whereas the brain-only and brain-cognition models did not. Negative affect, psychological wellbeing, extraversion, withdrawal, and cortical thickness of the rostral middle-frontal and superior-temporal regions were the most important predictors in the combined model. Results demonstrate that social functioning can be accurately predicted using machine learning methods. Behavioral markers may be more significant predictors of social functioning than brain measures for healthy young adults and may represent important leverage points for preventative intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Miley
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, United States
| | - Martin Michalowski
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, United States
| | - Fang Yu
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Ethan Leng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, United States
| | | | - Sophia Vinogradov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis MN, United States
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Affect and Cognitive Closure in Students—A Step to Personalised Education of Clinical Assessment in Psychology with the Use of Simulated and Virtual Patients. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10061076. [PMID: 35742127 PMCID: PMC9222664 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10061076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Since there was no general model of competencies to determine a successful clinical assessment, we based our study on the many skills that are needed to perform one. We analysed students’ learning performance based on inner determinants, such as affect and cognitive closure, with the use of two teaching methods (i.e., simulated patient (SP) or virtual patient (VP)). Methods: The sample comprised 56 fifth-year clinical psychology students. The need for closure (NFC) and efficacy in fulfilling the need for closure (EFNC) were measured using standardised questionnaires. The authors’ VP and SP tools were used to teach and measure the effectiveness of learning psychological interview techniques and clinical reasoning. Clinical interview skills included building contact with the patient, gathering important information and making mistakes. Clinical reasoning skills were divided into eight dimensions for the assessment of mental health. Results: Affect and cognitive closure are important psychological variables in anticipating and developing interview and clinical reasoning skills for psychology students. The simulated patient was more effective for interview skills, while the virtual patient was a beneficial teaching tool for most clinical reasoning skills. Virtual patient training was a useful teaching method for students with a low EFNC, probably because it provided a stable and strong structure. Simulated patient training was effective for people with a high EFNC, presumably because it allowed them to build on their advanced structuring skills. Conclusions: Affect and cognitive closure can be used to identify students’ learning abilities to provide a more personalised education. The results of the present study may be useful for evaluating different teaching methods, monitoring their effectiveness and enhancing students’ performance.
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Leijdesdorff SMJ, Bakker JM, Lange I, Michielse S, Goossens L, Klaassen R, Popma A, Schruers K, Lieverse R, Marcelis M, van Os J, Wichers M, Myin-Germeys I, van Amelsvoort T. Home alone: Social functioning as a transdiagnostic marker of mental health in youth, exploring retrospective and daily life measurements. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 115:152309. [PMID: 35325672 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Early detection and intervention of mental health problems in youth are topical given that mental disorders often start early in life. Young people with emerging mental disorders however, often present with non-specific, fluctuating symptoms. Recent reports indicate a decline in social functioning (SF) as an early sign of specific emerging mental disorders such as depression or anxiety, making SF a favorable transdiagnostic approach for earlier detection and intervention. Our aim was to investigate the value of SF in relation to transdiagnostic symptoms, and as a predictor of psychopathology over time, while exploring traditional retrospective versus innovative daily diary measurements of SF in youth. METHOD Participants (N = 75) were 16-25 years of age and presented early stage psychiatric symptomatology. Psychiatric symptoms, including anxiety and depression, as well as SF -both in retrospect and in daily life- were assessed at two time points and analyzed cross-sectionally and longitudinally. RESULTS A significant and negative association between SF and all psychiatric symptoms was found, and SF was a significant predictor of change in general psychiatric symptoms over time. Results were only significant when SF was measured traditionally retrospective. CONCLUSION This study confirms a distinct relation between SF and transdiagnostic psychiatric symptoms in youth, even in a (sub)clinical population, and points towards SF as a predictor of transdiagnostic psychiatric symptoms. Further research is needed to learn more about the added value of daily life versus retrospective measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M J Leijdesdorff
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience (MNeNS) Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Jindra M Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience (MNeNS) Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Mondriaan Mental Health Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Lange
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience (MNeNS) Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stijn Michielse
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience (MNeNS) Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbet Goossens
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience (MNeNS) Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rianne Klaassen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Levvel, Duivendrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arne Popma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Levvel, Duivendrecht, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Schruers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience (MNeNS) Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Mondriaan Mental Health Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Machteld Marcelis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience (MNeNS) Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; GGzE, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience (MNeNS) Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Mondriaan Mental Health Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Affective lability and social functioning in severe mental disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:873-885. [PMID: 35084540 PMCID: PMC9279216 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Social functioning is impaired in severe mental disorders despite clinical remission, illustrating the need to identify other mechanisms that hinder psychosocial recovery. Affective lability is elevated and associated with an increased clinical burden in psychosis spectrum disorders. We aimed to investigate putative associations between affective lability and social functioning in 293 participants with severe mental disorders (schizophrenia- and bipolar spectrum), and if such an association was independent of well-established predictors of social impairments. The Affective Lability Scale (ALS-SF) was used to measure affective lability covering the dimensions of anxiety-depression, depression-elation and anger. The interpersonal domain of the Social Functioning Scale (SFS) was used to measure social functioning. Correlation analyses were conducted to investigate associations between affective lability and social functioning, followed by a hierarchical multiple regression and follow-up analyses in diagnostic subgroups. Features related to premorbid and clinical characteristics were entered as independent variables together with the ALS-SF scores. We found that higher scores on all ALS-SF subdimensions were significantly associated with lower social functioning (p < 0.005) in the total sample. For the anxiety-depression dimension of the ALS-SF, this association persisted after controlling for potential confounders such as premorbid social functioning, duration of untreated illness and current symptoms (p = 0.019). Our results indicate that elevated affective lability may have a negative impact on social functioning in severe mental disorders, which warrants further investigation. Clinically, it might be fruitful to target affective lability in severe mental disorders to improve psychosocial outcomes.
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Li XH, Zhang TM, Yau YY, Wang YZ, Wong YLI, Yang L, Tian XL, Chan CLW, Ran MS. Peer-to-peer contact, social support and self-stigma among people with severe mental illness in Hong Kong. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2021; 67:622-631. [PMID: 33059491 DOI: 10.1177/0020764020966009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-stigma exerts a range of adversities for persons with severe mental illness (SMI), however, little is known about the association between peer contact, social support and self-stigma. AIMS This study aimed to explore the mediating role of social support on the relationship between peer contact and self-stigma among persons with SMI in Hong Kong. METHODS A total of 159 persons with SMI (schizophrenia and mood disorder) in community service centres participated in the study through completing a survey on self-stigma, social functioning, social support, perception of peer contact and mass media. Logistic regression was utilised to explore the influencing factors of self-stigma among the participants. RESULTS The results showed that 81.1% of participants reported moderate to severe levels of self-stigma. Self-stigma was significantly associated with diverse factors (e.g. social functioning). Importantly, positive peer contact was significantly associated with lower self-stigma of persons with SMI. Social support acted as a mediator between peer contact and self-stigma. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that contact-based interventions, such as enhancing positive peer-to-peer contact, should be conducted for reducing self-stigma among persons with SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Hong Li
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tian-Ming Zhang
- Department of Social Work, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuen Yum Yau
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Wang
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yin-Ling Irene Wong
- School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence Yang
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiao-Li Tian
- Department of Sociology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cecilia Lai-Wan Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Ran
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Karaş H, Çarpar E, Küçükgöncü S, Kaşer M. Associations of Attachment and Coping Styles With Social Functioning in Patients With Bipolar Disorder I. J Nerv Ment Dis 2021; 209:578-584. [PMID: 34397758 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of attachment and coping mechanisms with social functioning in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Sixty-three patients with BD type I and 63 healthy controls were evaluated. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire II, Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) inventory, and Social Functioning Scale were used. In the BD group, adaptive coping style scores and attachment avoidance scores were significantly lower than the control group, but mean scores of maladaptive coping styles were higher than the control group. Regression analysis showed that positive reinterpretation and growth, active coping, use of emotional social support, planning, religious activities, and mental disengagement subscales of COPE were significantly associated with social functioning. Psychosocial interventions to strengthen adaptive coping mechanisms may help improve the social functioning in patients with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Karaş
- Department of Psychology, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Çarpar
- Hellesdon Hospital, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Trust, Norfolk, England
| | - Suat Küçükgöncü
- Psychiatry Department, Maltepe University Medicine Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Quality versus quantity: Determining real-world social functioning deficits in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2021; 301:113980. [PMID: 33979764 PMCID: PMC8206017 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Social dysfunction is a hallmark of schizophrenia that is associated with emotional disturbances. Researchers have employed ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to measure social and emotional functioning in people with schizophrenia. Yet, few studies have evaluated quality of real-world social interactions, and it is unclear how interactions impact emotional experiences in this population. Using novel EMA that passively collects audio data, we examined daily social behavior and emotion in schizophrenia (n = 38) and control (n = 36) groups. Contrary to hypotheses, both groups interacted with others at the same rate and exhibited similar levels of positive emotion. However, as expected, the schizophrenia group exhibited significantly less high-quality interactions and reported more negative emotion than controls. Social versus non-social context did not influence experienced emotion in either group. This is the first real-world study to passively assess quality of social interactions in schizophrenia. Although those with schizophrenia did not differ in their number of interactions, they were less likely to engage in substantive, personal conversations. Because high-quality interactions are linked with better social outcomes, this finding has important potential treatment implications. Future research should investigate quality of interactions across different types of social activities to gain a more nuanced understanding of social dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Choi WT, Yu DK, Wong T, Lantta T, Yang M, Välimäki M. Habits and Attitudes of Video Gaming and Information Technology Use in People with Schizophrenia: Cross-Sectional Survey. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e14865. [PMID: 32459646 PMCID: PMC7407262 DOI: 10.2196/14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Information technology and video gaming have potential advantages in the treatment of schizophrenia. However, information regarding the habits and attitudes related to internet use and video gaming in people with schizophrenia is limited. Objective The aim of this study was to explore the habits and attitudes regarding video gaming and information technology usage and their associated factors in people with schizophrenia in Hong Kong. Methods In this cross-sectional survey, service users with schizophrenia were recruited from 6 halfway hostels and 7 integrated centers for mental wellness in Hong Kong. A 79-item self-report questionnaire was utilized to explore the habits of internet use and video gaming in these people with schizophrenia. The attitude toward video gaming was assessed using the Gaming Attitudes, Motivations, and Experiences Scales. Of the 148 individuals in a convenience sample who were invited to participate in this study, 110 willingly participated (a response rate of 74.3%). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a two-tailed independent t test, Pearson correlation, and principal analysis with 3 methods of rotation (varimax, equimax, and promax). Results Most participants (100/110, 90.9%) had access to the internet and half of them (54/110, 49.1%) used the internet daily mostly to watch videos (66/110, 60.0%) or read news or books, etc (42/110, 38.2%). One-third of the participants (36/110, 32.7%) used the internet to play web-based games, and most of them (88/110, 80.0%) had played a video game in the past year. The most favorable gaming platforms were cellular phones (43/88, 49%) followed by computers (19/88, 22%) and arcade cabinets (6/88, 7%). The most favorable game genre was action games (34/145, 23.4%). Those who had a bachelor’s degree or higher scored lower in social interaction than those with a lower education level (P=.03). Those who played video games daily scored higher in the category of story than those who did not play daily (t86=2.03, P=.05). The most popular gaming category was autonomy and the least popular categories were violent catharsis and violent reward. Two motives, “social playing” and “evasive playing,” were formed to describe the characteristics of playing video games. Conclusions Our data showed a high internet utilization rate among people with schizophrenia in Hong Kong. Only a few of them used the internet to search for health-related information. Our study also exemplified the unique habits of gaming among the participants. Health care professionals could utilize video games to engage people with schizophrenia and promote coping with stress and provide social skills training to such people with schizophrenia. Identification of the gaming attitudes can contribute to the development of serious games for the schizophrenic population. Further investigation is vital for the promotion of mental health through web-based platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Th Choi
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dan Ks Yu
- The Mental Health Association of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Terry Wong
- New Life Psychiatric Rehabilitation Association, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tella Lantta
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Min Yang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University Huaxi Medical Center, Sichuan, China.,Faculty of Health, Design and Art, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maritta Välimäki
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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14
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Minor KS, Hardin KL, Beaudette DM, Waters LC, White AL, Gonzenbach V, Robbins ML. Social functioning in schizotypy: How affect influences social behavior in daily life. J Clin Psychol 2020; 76:2212-2221. [PMID: 32613629 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social deficits are already exhibited by people at risk for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Technological advances have made passive detection of social deficits possible at granular levels. METHOD In this real-world study, we tested if schizotypy status (high/low) predicted two types of social behavior: (1) being around other people; and (2) actively socializing with others. We also examined if schizotypy influences relationships between social behavior and affect using subjective and objective instruments. RESULTS Our findings revealed that socializing with others was significantly decreased in the high schizotypy group. Positive affect increased in social situations and predicted later social behavior in those low, but not high, in schizotypy. CONCLUSION Decreased social behavior in schizotypy may be explained, in part, by these individuals being less incentivized than their peers to pursue social situations. Future studies should test this explanation in larger samples exhibiting elevated positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S Minor
- Department of Psychology, IUPUI School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kathryn L Hardin
- Department of Psychology, IUPUI School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Danielle M Beaudette
- Department of Psychology, IUPUI School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Lesley C Waters
- Department of Psychology, IUPUI School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Anna L White
- Department of Psychology, IUPUI School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Megan L Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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15
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Makowski C, Lewis JD, Khundrakpam B, Tardif CL, Palaniyappan L, Joober R, Malla A, Shah JL, Bodnar M, Chakravarty MM, Evans AC, Lepage M. Altered hippocampal centrality and dynamic anatomical covariance of intracortical microstructure in first episode psychosis. Hippocampus 2020; 30:1058-1072. [PMID: 32485018 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal circuitry has been posited to be fundamental to positive symptoms in psychosis, but its contributions to other factors important for outcome remains unclear. We hypothesized that longitudinal changes in the hippocampal circuit and concomitant changes of intracortical microstructure are altered in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients and that such changes are associated with negative symptoms and verbal memory. Longitudinal brain scans (2-4 visits over 3-15 months) were acquired for 27 FEP and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Quantitative T1 maps, sensitive to myelin content, were used to sample the microstructure of the hippocampal subfields and output circuitry (fimbria, alveus, fornix, mammillary bodies), and intracortical regions. Dynamic anatomical covariance in pair-wise regional trajectories were assessed for each subject, and graph theory was used to calculate a participation coefficient metric that quantifies the similarity/divergence between hippocampal and intracortical microstructure. The mean participation coefficient of the hippocampus was significantly reduced in FEP patients compared with controls, reflecting differences in output hippocampal regions. Importantly, lower participation coefficient of the hippocampal circuit was associated with worse negative symptoms, a relationship that was mediated by changes in verbal memory. This study provides evidence for reduced hippocampal centrality in FEP and concomitant changes in intracortical anatomy. Myelin-rich output regions of the hippocampus may be an important biological trigger in early psychosis, with cascading effects on broader cortical networks and resultant clinical profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Makowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John D Lewis
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Christine L Tardif
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ridha Joober
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ashok Malla
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jai L Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Bodnar
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alan C Evans
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Lepage
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Abstract
In community settings, negative symptoms and cognitive deficits are the primary barriers to independent living, stable relationships, and employment for individuals suffering from schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. In contrast, however, positive psychotic symptoms (e.g., command hallucinations and persecutory delusions) often drive behavior which serves as the gateway to arrest and criminalization. Historically, the keystone of treatment for positive psychotic symptoms has been antagonism of dopamine D2 receptors in the mesolimbic tract. In this article, we review and explore the principles underlying dopamine antagonism for the treatment of psychosis; optimization of dopamine antagonists in treating positive psychotic symptoms; the advantages of depot dopamine antagonist antipsychotics in forensic settings; the concepts of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic treatment failures; and the role of medication plasma concentrations in optimizing and managing treatment.
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17
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Pinho LG, Pereira A, Chaves C, Sequeira C, Sampaio F, Correia T, Gonçalves A, Ferré‐Grau C. Affectivity in schizophrenia: Its relations with functioning, quality of life, and social support satisfaction. J Clin Psychol 2020; 76:1408-1417. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara G. Pinho
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem São João de Deus Universidade de Évora Évora Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre Portalegre Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC) Évora Portugal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona Spain
| | | | - Cláudia Chaves
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar/SIGMA – Phi Xi Chapter Porto Portugal
- CI&DETS/Politécnico de Viseu Viseu Portugal
| | - Carlos Sequeira
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto, NURSID: CINTESIS Porto Portugal
| | - Francisco Sampaio
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto/NURSID: CINTESIS Porto Portugal
| | - Tânia Correia
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar Porto Portugal
- NURSID: CINTESIS Porto Portugal
| | - Amadeu Gonçalves
- Politécnico de Viseu Viseu Portugal
- NURSID: CINTESIS/CI&DETS Porto Portugal
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18
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Bilderbeck AC, Raslescu A, Hernaus D, Hayen A, Umbricht D, Pemberton D, Tiller J, Søgaard B, Sambeth A, van Amelsvoort T, Reif A, Papazisis G, Pérez V, Elices M, Maurice D, Bertaina-Anglade V, Dawson GR, Pollentier S. Optimizing Behavioral Paradigms to Facilitate Development of New Treatments for Anhedonia and Reward Processing Deficits in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder: Study Protocol. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:536112. [PMID: 33250788 PMCID: PMC7674850 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.536112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Behavioral tasks focusing on different subdomains of reward processing may provide more objective and quantifiable measures of anhedonia and impaired motivation compared with clinical scales. Typically, single tasks are used in relatively small studies to compare cases and controls in one indication, but they are rarely included in larger multisite trials. This is due to limited systematic standardization as well as the challenges of deployment in international studies and stringent adherence to the high regulatory requirements for data integrity. The Reward Task Optimization Consortium (RTOC) was formed to facilitate operational implementation of reward processing tasks, making them suitable for use in future large-scale, international, multisite drug development studies across multiple indications. The RTOC clinical study aims to conduct initial optimization of a set of tasks in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or schizophrenia (SZ). Methods: We will conduct a multicenter study across four EU countries. Participants (MDD = 37, SZ = 37, with ≤80 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers) will attend a study visit comprising screening, self-report and clinically rated assessments of anhedonia and symptom severity, and three reward processing tasks; specifically, the Grip Strength Effort task, the Doors task, and the Reinforcement Learning Working Memory task. The Grip Strength Effort and Doors tasks include simultaneous electroencephalography/event-related potential recordings. Outcomes will be compared using a two-way group design of MDD and SZ with matched controls, respectively. Further analyses will include anhedonia assessment scores as covariates. Planned analyses will assess whether our findings replicate previously published data, and multisite deployment will be evaluated through assessments of quality and conduct. A subset of participants will complete a second visit, to assess test-retest reliability of the task battery. Discussion: This study will evaluate the operational deployment of three reward processing tasks to the regulatory standards required for use in drug development trials. We will explore the potential of these tasks to differentiate patients from controls and to provide a quantitative marker of anhedonia and/or impaired motivation, establishing their usefulness as endpoints in multisite clinical trials. This study should demonstrate where multifaceted reward deficits are similar or divergent across patient populations. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04024371).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dennis Hernaus
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Anja Hayen
- P1vital Ltd, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jane Tiller
- BlackThorn Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Anke Sambeth
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Georgios Papazisis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Victor Pérez
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Psiquitria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Elices
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Psiquitria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
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19
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Taylor SF, Grove TB, Ellingrod VL, Tso IF. The Fragile Brain: Stress Vulnerability, Negative Affect and GABAergic Neurocircuits in Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:1170-1183. [PMID: 31150555 PMCID: PMC6811817 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Persons with schizophrenia exhibit sensitivity to stress and negative affect (NA), both strongly correlated with poor functional outcome. This theoretical review suggests that NA reflects a "fragile brain," ie, vulnerable to stress, including events not experienced as stressful by healthy individuals. Based on postmortem evidence of altered gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function in parvalbumin positive interneurons (PVI), animal models of PVI abnormalities and neuroimaging data with GABAergic challenge, it is suggested that GABAergic disruptions weaken cortical regions, which leads to stress vulnerability and excessive NA. Neurocircuits that respond to stressful and salient environmental stimuli, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the amygdala, are highly dysregulated in schizophrenia, exhibiting hypo- and hyper-activity. PVI abnormalities in lateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus have been hypothesized to affect cognitive function and positive symptoms, respectively; in the medial frontal cortex (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex), these abnormalities may lead to vulnerability to stress, NA and dysregulation of stress responsive systems. Given that postmortem PVI disruptions have been identified in other conditions, such as bipolar disorder and autism, stress vulnerability may reflect a transdiagnostic dimension of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan F Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 734-936-4955, fax: 734-936-7868, e-mail:
| | - Tyler B Grove
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Ivy F Tso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI
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20
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Ortuño-Sierra J, Bañuelos M, Pérez de Albéniz A, Molina BL, Fonseca-Pedrero E. The study of Positive and Negative Affect in children and adolescents: New advances in a Spanish version of the PANAS. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221696. [PMID: 31454388 PMCID: PMC6711529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of affective disorders among young population has become increasingly relevant in the last years. The PANAS is a widely used questionnaire devoted to assess positive and negative affect. The main purpose of the current study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the PANAS for children (PANAS). The sample consisted of 1032 children and adolescents aged between 10 and 15 years. The ESEM two factor model (Positive Affect and Negative Affect) was found as the most suitable model. The PANAS scores also showed acceptable internal consistency. The ESEM two factor model was invariant across gender and educational level. Results showed statistically significant differences in the latent mean scores with females scoring higher than males in and younger students scoring lower in PA. Positive and negative affect were related with external variables of well-being. The present psychometric study supports the PANAS as a brief and useful tool for the screening of PA and NA in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ortuño-Sierra
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Marta Bañuelos
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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21
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Þórarinsdóttir H, Faurholt-Jepsen M, Ullum H, Frost M, Bardram JE, Kessing LV. The Validity of Daily Self-Assessed Perceived Stress Measured Using Smartphones in Healthy Individuals: Cohort Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e13418. [PMID: 31429413 PMCID: PMC6718079 DOI: 10.2196/13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Smartphones may offer a new and easy tool to assess stress, but the validity has never been investigated. Objective This study aimed to investigate (1) the validity of smartphone-based self-assessed stress compared with Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and (2) whether smartphone-based self-assessed stress correlates with neuroticism (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Neuroticism, EPQ-N), psychosocial functioning (Functioning Assessment Short Test, FAST), and prior stressful life events (Kendler Questionnaire for Stressful Life Events, SLE). Methods A cohort of 40 healthy blood donors with no history of personal or first-generation family history of psychiatric illness and who used an Android smartphone were instructed to self-assess their stress level daily (on a scale from 0 to 2; beta values reflect this scale) for 4 months. At baseline, participants were assessed with the FAST rater-blinded and filled out the EPQ, the PSS, and the SLE. The PSS assessment was repeated after 4 months. Results In linear mixed-effect regression and linear regression models, there were statistically significant positive correlations between self-assessed stress and the PSS (beta=.0167; 95% CI 0.0070-0.0026; P=.001), the EPQ-N (beta=.0174; 95% CI 0.0023-0.0325; P=.02), and the FAST (beta=.0329; 95% CI 0.0036-0.0622; P=.03). No correlation was found between smartphone-based self-assessed stress and the SLE. Conclusions Daily smartphone-based self-assessed stress seems to be a valid measure of perceived stress. Our study contains a modest sample of 40 healthy participants and adds knowledge to a new but growing field of research. Smartphone-based self-assessed stress is a promising tool for measuring stress in real time in future studies of stress and stress-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Þórarinsdóttir
- The Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Faurholt-Jepsen
- The Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jakob E Bardram
- Copenhagen Center for Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- The Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Walsh-Messinger J, Wong PS, Antonius D, McMahon K, Opler LA, Ramirez PM, Malaspina D. Sex differences in hedonic judgement of odors in schizophrenia cases and healthy controls. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:345-353. [PMID: 30173040 PMCID: PMC6207462 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The neurocircuitries subserving affective and olfactory processes overlap, are sexually dimorphic, and show disruptions in schizophrenia, suggesting their intersection may be a window on the core process producing psychosis. This study investigated diagnostic and sex differences in hedonic judgments of odors and smell identification in 26 schizophrenia cases and 27 healthy controls. Associations between olfaction measures and psychiatric symptoms were also examined. Cases and controls had similar identification accuracy of unpleasant odors, but cases were significantly less accurate in naming pleasant odors. In cases, greater negative symptom severity was related to abnormal hedonic judgments; specifically, higher pleasantness ratings for unpleasant odors and higher unpleasantness ratings for pleasant odors. Greater positive symptom severity was associated with lower pleasantness ratings for neutral odors. Regarding sex differences, male cases and female controls rated pleasant odors as significantly more unpleasant than male controls. Correlations between depression severity and pleasantness ratings of neutral odors were in opposite directions in male and female cases. These results suggest that a normal sexual dimorphism in the circuitry for hedonic odor judgments may interact with schizophrenia pathology, supporting the utility of olfactory hedonics as a sex-specific biomarker of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Walsh-Messinger
- Department of Psychology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA.
| | - Philip S. Wong
- Department of Psychology, Long Island University, Brooklyn,
NY
| | - Daniel Antonius
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York,
NY,University at Buffalo, State University of NY, Buffalo,
NY,Erie County Forensic Mental Health Services, Buffalo,
NY
| | - Kevin McMahon
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York,
NY
| | - Lewis A. Opler
- Department of Psychology, Long Island University, Brooklyn,
NY
| | | | - Dolores Malaspina
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Genetics,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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23
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Positive and negative affect as predictors of social functioning in Spanish children. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201698. [PMID: 30071086 PMCID: PMC6072041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between affect in its two commonly used theoretical categories, positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA), and social functioning dimensions (school performance, family relationships, peer relationships and home duties/self-care). The sample comprised 390 students of primary education aged 8–11 years (M = 9.39; SD = 1.15). The short-form of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for children (PANAS-C-SF) and the Child and Adolescent Social Adaptive Functioning Scale (CASAFS) were used. Student’s t tests indicated that those reporting high levels on all the social functioning dimensions also reported significantly higher levels of PA than peers who reported low levels; by contrast, students reporting high levels of social functioning reported significantly lower levels of NA than peers who reported low levels. Similarly, logistic regression analyses showed that an increase in PA increased probability of high levels of social functioning, and that an increase in NA decreased the probability of presenting high levels of social functioning dimensions, with the exception of school performance. These results expand the PA and NA relationship with social functioning reported in adults to Spanish children, which is potentially of interest in the fields of Education and Psychology.
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24
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Thibaudeau É, Cellard C, Legendre M, Villeneuve K, Achim AM. Reliability of two social cognition tests: The combined stories test and the social knowledge test. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:63-69. [PMID: 29407571 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in social cognition are common in psychiatric disorders. Validated social cognition measures with good psychometric properties are necessary to assess and target social cognitive deficits. Two recent social cognition tests, the Combined Stories Test (COST) and the Social Knowledge Test (SKT), respectively assess theory of mind and social knowledge. Previous studies have shown good psychometric properties for these tests, but the test-retest reliability has never been documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability and the inter-rater reliability of the COST and the SKT. The COST and the SKT were administered twice to a group of forty-two healthy adults, with a delay of approximately four weeks between the assessments. Excellent test-retest reliability was observed for the COST, and a good test-retest reliability was observed for the SKT. There was no evidence of practice effect. Furthermore, an excellent inter-rater reliability was observed for both tests. This study shows a good reliability of the COST and the SKT that adds to the good validity previously reported for these two tests. These good psychometrics properties thus support that the COST and the SKT are adequate measures for the assessment of social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élisabeth Thibaudeau
- CERVO Brain Research Center, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, G1J 2G3 Québec, Canada; École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325 Allée des Bibliothèques, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada.
| | - Caroline Cellard
- CERVO Brain Research Center, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, G1J 2G3 Québec, Canada; École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325 Allée des Bibliothèques, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada.
| | - Maxime Legendre
- CERVO Brain Research Center, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, G1J 2G3 Québec, Canada; École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325 Allée des Bibliothèques, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada.
| | - Karèle Villeneuve
- CERVO Brain Research Center, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, G1J 2G3 Québec, Canada; École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325 Allée des Bibliothèques, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada.
| | - Amélie M Achim
- CERVO Brain Research Center, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, G1J 2G3 Québec, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, local 4873, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada.
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