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Basova LV, Riley T, Franklin D, Delorme-Walker V, Lim WL, Grant I, Letendre SL, Iudicello JE, Cherner M, Ellis RJ, Marcondes MCG. Identifying methamphetamine use predictors in HIV infection: Immune-dopaminergic signatures in peripheral leukocytes and the role of COMT genotype. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 42:100873. [PMID: 39430881 PMCID: PMC11490913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The pursuit of translational biomarkers is complex due to the heterogeneous human pathophysiology, but critical for disease diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring therapeutic efficacy, and for patient stratification. In HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI), biomarkers that delineate the trajectory of neuropathogenesis and neurocognitive sequelae are critical, particularly considering confounders such as substance use, including Methamphetamine (METH). METH use is a significant health concern among persons living with HIV (PWH), aggravating cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation despite of antiretrovirals, introducing elements in the microenvironment that are fundamentally differerent in relation to non-METH users, such as high levels of dopamine (DA) affecting HIV-innate immune targets. Yet, current biomarkers do not detect these differences. We hypothesized that predefined DA-induced signatures detectable in peripheral blood leukocytes, can distinguish HIV+ METH users compared to HIV-negative or PWH that are non METH users. The elevated expression of CD8A, CREBBP, CCL5, and combinations of dopaminergic pathway transcripts clustered METH users with detectable CSF viral load and major depressive disorder (MDD), indicating neuroimmune-mechanistic links. Cathecol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) gene polymorphisms affecting DA metabolism improved the identification of PWH using METH with biomarkers. The results indicate that underlying immunedopaminergic mechanisms provide signatures and genotypes that can identify PWH that are METH users and their attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana V. Basova
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Tera Riley
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
- National Institute for Drug Abuse, Summer Internship, 2023, USA
| | - Donald Franklin
- University of California San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
| | | | - Wei Ling Lim
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Igor Grant
- University of California San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Scott L. Letendre
- University of California San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Iudicello
- University of California San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Mariana Cherner
- University of California San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Ronald J. Ellis
- University of California San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
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Happer JP, Beaton LE, Wagner LC, Hodgkinson CA, Goldman D, Marinkovic K. Neural indices of heritable impulsivity: Impact of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism on frontal beta power during early motor preparation. Biol Psychol 2024; 191:108826. [PMID: 38862067 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Studies of COMT Val158Met suggest that the neural circuitry subserving inhibitory control may be modulated by this functional polymorphism altering cortical dopamine availability, thus giving rise to heritable differences in behaviors. Using an anatomically-constrained magnetoencephalography method and stratifying the sample by COMT genotype, from a larger sample of 153 subjects, we examined the spatial and temporal dynamics of beta oscillations during motor execution and inhibition in 21 healthy Met158/Met158 (high dopamine) or 21 Val158/Val158 (low dopamine) genotype individuals during a Go/NoGo paradigm. While task performance was unaffected, Met158 homozygotes demonstrated an overall increase in beta power across regions essential for inhibitory control during early motor preparation (∼100 ms latency), suggestive of a global motor "pause" on behavior. This increase was especially evident on Go trials with slow response speed and was absent during inhibition failures. Such a pause could underlie the tendency of Met158 allele carriers to be more cautious and inhibited. In contrast, Val158 homozygotes exhibited a beta drop during early motor preparation, indicative of high response readiness. This decrease was associated with measures of behavioral disinhibition and consistent with greater extraversion and impulsivity observed in Val homozygotes. These results provide mechanistic insight into genetically-determined interindividual differences of inhibitory control with higher cortical dopamine associated with momentary response hesitation, and lower dopamine leading to motor impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Happer
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lauren E Beaton
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laura C Wagner
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ksenija Marinkovic
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Kings E, Ioannidis K, Grant JE, Chamberlain SR. A systematic review of the cognitive effects of the COMT inhibitor, tolcapone, in adult humans. CNS Spectr 2024; 29:166-175. [PMID: 38487834 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852924000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor tolcapone constitutes a potentially useful probe of frontal cortical dopaminergic function. The aim of this systematic review was to examine what is known of effects of tolcapone on human cognition in randomized controlled studies. METHODS The study protocol was preregistered on the Open Science Framework. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed to identify relevant randomized controlled trials examining the effects of tolcapone on human cognition. Identified articles were then screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS Of the 22 full-text papers identified, 13 randomized control trials were found to fit the pre-specified criteria. The most consistent finding was that tolcapone modulated working memory; however, the direction of effect appeared to be contingent on the COMT polymorphism (more consistent evidence of improvement in Val-Val participants). There were insufficient nature and number of studies for meta-analysis. CONCLUSION The cognitive improvements identified upon tolcapone administration, in some studies, are likely to be due to the level of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex being shifted closer to its optimum, per an inverted U model of prefrontal function. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to the small numbers of studies. Given the centrality of cortical dopamine to understanding human cognition, studies using tolcapone in larger samples and across a broader set of cognitive domains would be valuable. It would also be useful to explore the effects of different dosing regimens (different doses; and single versus repeated administration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Kings
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust (Southern Gambling Service and Specialist Clinic for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders), Southampton, UK
| | - Jon E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust (Southern Gambling Service and Specialist Clinic for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders), Southampton, UK
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Fang T, Liu MN, Liu MQ, Tian XY, Zhang XJ, Liu F, Hao W, Wu N, Li H, Li J. A preliminary study on the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms and methylation of dopamine system-related genes with psychotic symptoms in patients with methamphetamine use disorder. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1428-1440. [PMID: 38151046 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine use disorder (MAUD) can substantially jeopardize public security due to its high-risk social psychology and behaviour. Given that the dopamine reward system is intimately correlated with MAUD, we investigated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as well as methylation status of dopamine receptor type 4 (DRD4), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes, and paranoid and motor-impulsive symptoms in MAUD patients. A total of 189 MAUD patients participated in our study. Peripheral blood samples were used to detect 3 SNPs and 35 CpG units of methylation in the DRD4 gene promoter region and 5 SNPs and 39 CpG units in the COMT gene. MAUD patients with the DRD4 rs1800955 C allele have a lower percentage of paranoid symptoms than those with the rs1800955 TT allele. Individuals with paranoid symptoms exhibited a reduced methylation degree at a particular DRD4 CpG2.3 unit. The interaction of the DRD4 rs1800955 C allele and the reduced DRD4CpG2.3 methylation degree were associated with a lower occurrence of paranoid symptoms. Meanwhile, those with the COMT rs4818 CC allele had lower motor-impulsivity scores in MAUD patients but greater COMT methylation levels in the promoter region and methylation degree at the COMT CpG 51.52 unit. Therefore, based only on the COMT rs4818 CC polymorphism, there was a negative correlation between COMT methylation and motor-impulsive scores. Our preliminary results provide a clue that the combination of SNP genotype and methylation status of the DRD4 and COMT genes serve as biological indicators for the prevalence of relatively high-risk psychotic symptoms in MAUD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Nan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Qi Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Compulsory Detoxification Center of Changsha Public Security Bureau, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Hao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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Effects of neuromodulation on executive functions and food desires in individuals with obesity: a systematic review. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:177-185. [PMID: 36537330 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Objective: to describe the effects of neuromodulation on the performance of executive functions in overweight and/or individuals with obesity. Methods: articles published in PubMed, ScienceDirect, BIREME, and Web of Science databases were selected using the following combination of descriptors: ("problem solving" OR "executive function" OR memory) AND (tDCS OR TMS) AND obesity. After applying the selection criteria, 08 articles were included for analysis. Results: the articles included had an average of 30.1 participants per study, with a minimum of 12 and a maximum of 76. The overall nutritional status ranged from underweight to grade 3 obesity, and the general mean body mass index was 28,1 kg/m2. Regarding the instruments used to assess executive functions, the most frequent were: the flanker paradigm; binocular rivalry for Continuous Flash Suppression (bCFS/NoCFS); Stroop task; Go/No-Go task; and N-back task. The primary outcomes were dependent on the neuromodulation target site. Reduced food craving and improved performance in the active group were observed from decreased response time and increased precision in cognitive tasks. Conclusion: neuromodulation can generate changes in executive functions, reducing food cravings in overweight and individuals with obesity.
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Zareba MR, Furman W, Binder M. Influence of age and cognitive performance on resting-state functional connectivity of dopaminergic and noradrenergic centers. Brain Res 2022; 1796:148082. [PMID: 36115586 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with structural and functional changes in the brain, with a decline in cognitive functions observed as its inevitable concomitant. The body of literature suggests dopamine and noradrenaline as prominent candidate neuromodulators to mediate these effects; however, knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms is scarce. To fill this gap, we compared resting-state functional connectivity (FC) patterns of ventral tegmental area (VTA), substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and locus coeruleus (LC) in healthy young (20-35 years; N = 37) and older adults (55-80 years; N = 27). Additionally, we sought FC patterns of these structures associated with performance in tasks probing executive, attentional and reward functioning, and we compared the functional coupling of the bilateral SNc. The results showed that individual SNc had stronger coupling with ipsilateral cortical and subcortical areas along with the contralateral cerebellum in the whole sample, and that the strength of connections of this structure with angular gyrus and lateral orbitofrontal cortex predicted visuomotor search abilities. In turn, older age was associated with greater local synchronization within VTA, its lower FC with caudate, mediodorsal thalamus, and SNc, as well as higher FC of both midbrain dopaminergic seeds with red nuclei. LC functional coupling showed no differences between the groups and was not associated with any of the behavioral functions. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to report the age-related effects on VTA local synchronization and its connectivity with key recipients of dopaminergic innervation, such as striatum and mediodorsal thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Rafal Zareba
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Furman
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marek Binder
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Srivastava K, Ochuba O, Sandhu JK, Alkayyali T, Ruo SW, Waqar A, Jain A, Joseph C, Poudel S. Effect of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Genotype Polymorphism on Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Progressing Towards Personalized Medicine. Cureus 2021; 13:e18311. [PMID: 34725583 PMCID: PMC8553290 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Different polymorphisms of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene affect the COMT enzyme activity. The COMT enzyme plays a major role in the pathophysiology of various neurological and psychiatric disorders. This review article aims to discuss what recent research has discovered about the association of COMT genotype polymorphism with neurological and psychiatric disorders and the scope for the knowledge to be applied for advancement in therapeutics. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar databases and found 1656 articles. We included observational studies, clinical trials, and meta-analyses in the English language published between 2019 and 2021. We screened the articles based on the title and the abstract and found 26 relevant articles. Diseases or conditions studied primarily were schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, substance use, and depression. This article highlights how genetics influences the susceptibility of an individual to neurological and psychiatric diseases and the variations in the specific symptoms of those diseases. The review showed that the variability in individual response to therapeutic interventions stems from the gene level. This knowledge can contribute towards the dawn of a new era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosha Srivastava
- Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Olive Ochuba
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Jasmine K Sandhu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Tasnim Alkayyali
- Pathology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sheila W Ruo
- General Surgery Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ahsan Waqar
- Family Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ashish Jain
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Christine Joseph
- Urology and Obstetrics & Gynecology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sujan Poudel
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, USA
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8
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Saloner R, Cherner M, Grelotti DJ, Paolillo EW, Moore DJ, Heaton RK, Letendre SL, Kumar A, Grant I, Ellis RJ. Lower CSF homovanillic acid relates to higher burden of neuroinflammation and depression in people with HIV disease. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 90:353-363. [PMID: 32966871 PMCID: PMC7544671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-related neuroinflammation has been proposed as a catalyst for dopaminergic dysregulation in mesocortical pathways, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of depression. Abnormalities in dopaminergic neurotransmission and depression are common in people with HIV (PWH), however the link between dopamine (DA) and depression in PWH is poorly characterized. This study investigated CSF dopaminergic biomarkers, specifically DA and its metabolite, homovanillic acid (HVA), and examined their relationship with depressive symptoms and CSF neuroinflammatory markers in PWH and HIV-seronegative (HIV-) individuals. METHODS Participants were 102 HIV- individuals and 123 PWH (mean age = 42) who underwent neuropsychiatric evaluations and lumbar puncture. Current depression severity was classified using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). CSF was assayed for DA and HVA using high performance liquid chromatography and neuroinflammatory markers using immunoassays. Linear regressions modelled BDI-II scores as a function of HIV, dopaminergic biomarker z-scores, and their interaction, controlling for psychosocial factors. Correlational analyses examined dopaminergic and neuroinflammatory relationships. RESULTS PWH had significantly higher BDI-II scores than HIV- participants. DA and HVA were not associated with HIV status but both significantly moderated the effect of HIV on BDI-II scores, such that PWH exhibited higher depressive symptoms than HIV- participants only at lower concentrations of HVA (z ≤ 0.06) and DA (z ≤ 0.11). In PWH only, lower HVA significantly correlated with higher BDI-II scores and higher neuroinflammation, including higher MCP-1 and IP-10. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the pathophysiology of depression in PWH differs from that in HIV- individuals. Specifically, lower central dopaminergic activity was selectively associated with greater depressive symptoms and neuroinflammation in PWH. With the rise in consideration of DA agonists for the treatment of depression, these results suggest that PWH may show a greater response to these agents than their HIV- peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan Saloner
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Mariana Cherner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David J Grelotti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Emily W Paolillo
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David J Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert K Heaton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Scott L Letendre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Igor Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ronald J Ellis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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