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Nielsen SJ, Bech BH, Strandberg-Larsen K, Bølling-Ladegaard E, Cotsapas C, Christensen J, Dreier JW. Febrile seizures and childhood epilepsy and risk of internalizing and psychotic symptoms. Epilepsia 2024. [PMID: 39215712 DOI: 10.1111/epi.18095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether children with febrile seizures and/or epilepsy were at increased risk of experiencing internalizing symptoms or psychotic-like experiences at age 11 years. METHODS This cohort study includes 44 819 children from the 11-year follow up of the Danish National Birth Cohort. Information on childhood seizures was retrieved from the Danish National Patient Registry, whereas child psychiatric symptoms were assessed in a web-based questionnaire using the Adolescent Psychotic-like Symptom Screener and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between childhood seizures and internalizing symptoms (symptom score ≥8) and psychotic-like experiences (≥2 definite experiences) were obtained using logistic regression models. RESULTS A total of 1620 children with febrile seizures (3.6%), and 311 children with epilepsy (0.7%) were identified. When adjusted for potential confounders, no association between febrile seizures and psychiatric symptoms was observed, and no association was observed between epilepsy and psychotic-like experiences. However, the OR for internalizing symptoms was 1.76 (95% CI: 1.20-2.58) in children with epilepsy compared to children without. This higher risk was evident mainly in boys (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.37-3.85), children with ≥2 epilepsy-related hospital admissions (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.81-4.32), and children whose age at first epilepsy-related hospital admission was 0-3 years (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.45-4.19). SIGNIFICANCE No association was found between febrile seizures and psychiatric symptoms or epilepsy and psychotic-like experiences at age 11. However, boys with epilepsy were at higher risk of experiencing internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie J Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bodil H Bech
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katrine Strandberg-Larsen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Chris Cotsapas
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jakob Christensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julie W Dreier
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Long M, Zhang P, Shi J. Association of Anxiety/Depressive Symptoms with Psychotic-like Experiences: The Moderation Effect of Sex and Resilience. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:969. [PMID: 39201904 PMCID: PMC11352330 DOI: 10.3390/children11080969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are a part of the continuum of psychosis and are common in the general population. While most of these experiences are transient, they are strongly correlated with an increased risk of various adverse psychological outcomes. Anxiety and depressive symptoms also occur frequently in the adolescent population. Much research has previously demonstrated a correlation between these two symptoms and PLEs. However, few investigations have examined what influences this association, and sex and resilience may be important moderators. METHODS This study selected a sample of first-year students from a university in Shanghai. A total of 2970 adolescents completed questionnaires measuring sociodemographic characteristics, anxiety/depressive symptoms by SCL-90, resilience by CD-RISC, and self-reported PLEs by PQ-16. RESULTS The findings indicated that PLEs were prevalent in the sample, with at least one PQ-16 item present in 42.5% of individuals. Anxiety/depressive symptoms were significantly associated with PLEs, and there was a sex difference in this association (p < 0.001). What is more, this relationship was stronger in males than in females. Additionally, we found a significant interaction (p < 0.001) between resilience and anxiety/depressive symptoms when looking at the correlates of PLEs. Those with stronger resilience showed a considerably weaker connection between PLEs and symptoms of anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS These findings can potentially inform the development of targeted new clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manling Long
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200331, China; (M.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200331, China; (M.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Jingyu Shi
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200124, China
- Department of Medical Humanities and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200331, China
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Villacura-Herrera C, Pérez J, Jones PB, Núñez D. Internal consistency and temporal stability of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE): A reliability generalization meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2024; 338:115988. [PMID: 38850889 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Psychotic experiences (PE) are prevalent in general and clinical populations and can increase the risk for mental disorders in young people. The Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) is a widely used measure to assess PE in different populations and settings. However, the current knowledge on their overall reliability is limited. We examined the reliability of the CAPE-42 and later versions, testing the role of age, sex, test scores, and clinical status as moderators. A systematic search was conducted on the Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, and GoogleScholar databases. Internal consistency and temporal stability indices were examined through reliability generalization meta-analysis (RGMA). Moderators were tested through meta-regression analysis. From a pool of 1,015 records, 90 independent samples were extracted from 71 studies. Four versions showed quantitative evidence for inclusion: CAPE-42, CAPE-20, CAPE-P15, and CAPE-P8. Internal consistency indices were good (α/ω≈.725-0.917). Temporal stability was only analyzed for the CAPE-P15, yielding a moderate but not-significant effect (r=0.672). The evidence for temporal stability is scant due to the limited literature, and definitive conclusions cannot be drawn. Further evidence on other potential moderators such as adverse experiences or psychosocial functioning is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Villacura-Herrera
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Chile
| | - Jesús Pérez
- Prevention and Early Intervention (PRINT) in Mental Health, Neuroscience Division, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Spain; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter B Jones
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Núñez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Chile; Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Chile.
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Liao W, Luo X, Kong F, Sun Y, Ye Z. Association between non-restorative sleep and psychotic-like experiences among Chinese college students: A latent profile and moderated mediation analysis. Schizophr Res 2024; 270:295-303. [PMID: 38944976 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-restorative sleep (NRS) is a core symptom of insomnia that has considerable consequences for daily life. However, the association between NRS and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) remains unclear. The current study was designed to explore the relationship between NRS and PLEs as well as the mediation/moderation role of rumination and resilience among college students in China. METHODS 3060 college students were recruited from two universities in South China from September 21st to October 26th, 2022. Non-restorative Sleep Scale, 8-item Positive Subscale of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences, Ruminative Response Scale, and 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were administered. Latent profile analysis and moderated mediation analysis were performed. RESULTS 11.3 % participants reported frequent PLEs in the past one month. Three profiles of rumination were identified and named as "low rumination" group (27.7 %), "medium rumination" group (55.3 %), and "high rumination" group (16.9 %). NRS directly predicted PLEs, and rumination played a significant mediation role between NRS and PLEs. Resilience significantly moderated the association between NRS and rumination as well as the association between NRS and PLEs. CONCLUSIONS NRS, rumination and resilience are important predictors to PLEs. Strategies on increasing restorative sleep, decreasing rumination, and enhancing resilience are of great significance in the prevention of PLEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Liao
- Department of Public Teaching, Guangdong Open University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianghan Luo
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanxu Kong
- Department of Public Teaching, Guangdong Open University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongpeng Sun
- Department of Public Teaching, Guangdong Open University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengjie Ye
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Terenzi D, Silvetti M, Zoccolan G, Rumiati RI, Aiello M. The impact of subclinical psychotic symptoms on delay and effort discounting: Insights from behavioral, computational, and electrophysiological methods. Schizophr Res 2024; 271:271-280. [PMID: 39068879 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to value rewards is crucial for adaptive behavior and is influenced by the time and effort required to obtain them. Impairments in these computations have been observed in patients with schizophrenia and may be present in individuals with subclinical psychotic symptoms (PS). METHODS In this study, we employed delay and effort-discounting tasks with food rewards in thirty-nine participants divided into high and low levels of PS. We investigated the underlying mechanisms of effort-discounting through computational modelling of dopamine prefrontal and subcortical circuits and the electrophysiological biomarker of both delay and effort-discounting alterations through resting-state frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA). RESULTS Results revealed greater delay discounting in the High PS group compared to the Low PS group but no differences in the effort discounting task. However, in this task, the same levels of estimated dopamine release were associated with a lower willingness to exert effort for high-calorie food rewards in High PS participants compared to Low PS participants. Although there were no significant differences in FAA between the High PS and Low PS groups, FAA was significantly associated with the severity of participants' negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the dysfunction in temporal and effort cost computations, seen in patients with schizophrenia, may be present in individuals with subclinical PS. These findings provide valuable insight into the early vulnerability markers (behavioral, computational, and electrophysiological) for psychosis, which may aid in the development of preventive interventions. These findings are preliminary and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Terenzi
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289 CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
| | - Massimo Silvetti
- Computational and Translational Neuroscience Lab (CTNLab), Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella I Rumiati
- Area of Neuroscience, SISSA, Trieste, Italy; University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Aiello
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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González-Medina GA, Corral SA, Castillo-Passi RI, Irarrazaval M, Maturana-Hurtado AJ, Gaspar PA. Lifetime prevalence of psychotic-like experiences and associated factors in Chile. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02741-y. [PMID: 39066802 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), which include hallucinations and delusional experiences, are usually present in healthy populations, and their persistence, quality, and severity are associated with the development of psychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia and other poor psychosocial outcomes. Urbanicity, depression, and other psychosocial stressors have been associated with PLEs. However, evidence of PLEs in Latin American (LATAM) countries is still scarce, and there are no studies about PLEs in Chile. The main aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of PLEs in a nationally representative sample according to other social determinants of health. METHODS The last results of the Chilean National Health Survey (ENS 2016-2017) were analyzed. PLEs were obtained from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) 3.0 and included in this survey. Other psychosocial variables (age, sex, educational level, financial stress, depressive symptoms, and urbanicity) were also included for further analysis. Exclusion criteria were (1) > = 65 and < 18 years old, and (2) previous diagnosis or treatment for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Descriptive statistics were used to describe data, and Poisson regression models were performed to weight variables and find psychosocial correlations with PLEs. RESULTS 2095 subjects were considered for this study (women 62.9% and mean age = 42.5, SD = 13.5). The lifetime prevalence of the PLEs (> = 1 PLE) in Chile was 12.9%. Visual hallucinations were the most common PLE (9.6%), and ideas of reference were the least common (0.4%). The Poisson regression model showed a higher prevalence of PLEs in the Gran Concepción conurbation (OR = 2.56) and Gran Valparaíso conurbation (OR = 1.69) compared with non-big cities. On the other hand, the 18-24 year group had higher PLEs prevalence compared to other age groups. No correlations were found with educational status, financial stress, or depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS A relatively high prevalence of PLEs was found in the Chilean general population, particularly in youth living in large urban areas (Gran Valparaíso and Gran Concepción), which is compatible with previous research. Considering that there were no correlations between low educational level and financial or depressive symptoms, it is necessary to have more studies that correlate other urban relevant variables, such as natural disasters, drug consumption, and domestic or neighborhood violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A González-Medina
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián A Corral
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Clínica Psiquiátrica Universitaria, Santiago, RM, Chile
| | - Rolando I Castillo-Passi
- Núcleo Milenio para Mejorar la Salud Mental de Adolescentes y Jóvenes, Imhay, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, RM, Chile
| | - Matías Irarrazaval
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Clínica Psiquiátrica Universitaria, Santiago, RM, Chile
- Instituto Milenio para la Investigación de la Depresión y Personalidad (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro J Maturana-Hurtado
- Clínica Psiquiátrica Universitaria, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Psiquiatría de Niños y Adolescentes, Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A Gaspar
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Clínica Psiquiátrica Universitaria, Santiago, RM, Chile.
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Núcleo Milenio para Mejorar la Salud Mental de Adolescentes y Jóvenes, Imhay, Chile.
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Zhou R, Foo JC, Nishida A, Ogawa S, Togo F, Sasaki T. Longitudinal relationships of psychotic-like experiences with suicidal ideation and self-harm in adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1977-1985. [PMID: 37740799 PMCID: PMC11211151 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Research in adolescents suggests associations between psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs), but insights into their temporal relationship, which may inform prediction, have been limited. Psychological distress (PD; symptoms of depression and anxiety) has been related to both PLEs and SITBs, and may modulate this relationship. Given that PLEs have been linked to the development of several mental disorders, and the relationships between SITBs and suicide, it is important to better understand their relationship. The present study sought to investigate these factors using a longitudinal school-based design. Adolescents (n = 1685, ages 12-18) completed annual self-report assessments (6 time points) on PLEs, SITBs (suicidal ideation (SI) and self-harm (SH)), as well as PD. The longitudinal associations between PLEs and SITBs were analyzed, employing two cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs), with and without adjustment for PD. Unadjusted CLPMs revealed significant bidirectional temporal associations between PLEs and SITBs (both SI and SH), suggesting that PLEs both predicted and were predicted by SITBs. When adjusting for PD, the effect of SI on PLEs remained significant, but not PLEs on SI; bidirectional associations between PLEs and SH also remained significant. A bidirectional longitudinal relationship where both PLEs and SITBs can precede (and perhaps predict) each other was suggested in adolescents. PD may play a particular role in situations where PLEs are followed by SI. Heightened awareness about relationships between these phenotypes may be an important step toward facilitating timely interventions for both mental disorders and suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jerome Clifford Foo
- Institute for Psychopharmacology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Asuka Nishida
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sayoko Ogawa
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Fumiharu Togo
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Fung HW, Geng F. Childhood adversities and psychotic symptoms among high school students in China: The role of dissociation. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 94:103964. [PMID: 38368691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.103964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are well-established risk factors for psychotic symptoms. This study replicated the relationship between ACEs and positive symptoms of psychosis in the Asian context and explored the moderating effect of dissociation. We analyzed data from 1439 high school students in China who completed validated measures of ACEs, positive symptoms of psychosis, and dissociative symptoms. The positive relationship between ACEs and psychotic symptoms was confirmed in our sample (r =0.244, p <0.001). Among different ACEs, childhood emotional neglect (β =0.139, p <0.001) and emotional abuse (β =0.125, p <0.001) had the strongest relationship with psychotic symptoms. Dissociative symptoms were also found to be a statistically significant moderator. We provide cross-cultural evidence for the relationship between ACEs and psychotic symptoms. Dissociative symptoms may exacerbate such effects. These results highlight the importance of child protection to prevent psychotic symptoms. Individuals with higher levels of dissociation may be at higher risk of developing psychotic symptoms when exposed to adversities. A trauma-informed approach to addressing psychotic symptoms in the community is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang Fung
- Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, China
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Bernusky HCR, Tibbo PG, Conrod PJ, Yunus FM, Keough MT, Thompson KD, Krank MD, Hadwin AF, Stewart SH. Do anxiety symptoms and coping motives serially mediate the association between psychotic-like experiences and cannabis-related problems in undergraduate recent cannabis users? Addict Behav 2024; 151:107937. [PMID: 38113687 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Many Canadian emerging adults (ages 18-25 years) use cannabis, with 60 % of past-three-month users experiencing one or more cannabis-related problems (i.e., adverse consequences of use). While psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and cannabis problems overlap, little is known about the mechanisms explaining this link. One hypothesis is that PLEs are distressing and give rise to anxiety, with which emerging adults attempt to cope through increased cannabis use, in turn increasing their risk for cannabis-related problems. We tested a chained-mediational model to determine if anxiety and coping-with-anxiety motives for cannabis use sequentially mediated the link between PLEs and cannabis problems in emerging adult undergraduates; a conditional process model tested for moderation by sex. Emerging adult cannabis users (N = 413; mean [SD] age = 19.1 [1.5] years; 71.9 % female) from five Canadian universities provided cross-sectional, self-report survey data in fall 2021. Validated measures of PLEs, anxiety, cannabis coping-with-anxiety motives, and cannabis-related problems were administered. Path analyses supported the hypothesized chained mediational indirect effect (b = 0.027, 95 % bootstrap CI [0.012, 0.050]). No direct effect was found (p =.698), suggesting that the PLEs-to-cannabis problems association is fully explained by anxiety and cannabis coping-with-anxiety motives. Inconsistent with hypotheses, mediation did not depend on sex (95 % CIs crossed zero); therefore, anxiety and cannabis coping-with-anxiety motives explain the link between PLEs and cannabis problems in emerging adults regardless of their sex. Results highlight anxiety and cannabis coping-with-anxiety motives as potentially important intervention targets in cannabis-using emerging adults with PLEs, possibly preventing the development/worsening of cannabis-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley C R Bernusky
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 2E2, Canada
| | - Philip G Tibbo
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 2E2, Canada
| | - Patricia J Conrod
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, Université de Montréal, 2900, boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, bureau S-750, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Fakir M Yunus
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Life Sciences Centre (Psychology Wing), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Matthew T Keough
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, 225 Behavioural Science Building, North York, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Kara D Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, 2323 Notre Dame Avenue, 125 Annex, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Marvin D Krank
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 1147 Research Road, ART 334, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Allyson F Hadwin
- Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership Studies, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sherry H Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 2E2, Canada; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Life Sciences Centre (Psychology Wing), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Misiak B, Frydecka D. Psychotic-like experiences predict the perceived intent to seek treatment: A network perspective. Schizophr Res 2024; 266:100-106. [PMID: 38387252 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate as to whether psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) predict the perceived intent to seek treatment. Our secondary aim was to explore which PLEs predict the perceived need to seek treatment using a network analysis. The study was based on a community sample of individuals with a negative history of psychiatric treatment. At baseline, they completed questionnaires recording the presence of PLEs, depressive, and anxiety symptoms. After 6-7 months, they were reassessed with respect to the perceived intent to seek treatment. A total of 1100 individuals were assessed at baseline (aged 27.1 ± 5.1 years, 48.6 % males). The follow-up assessment was completed by 581 individuals (52.8 %). Higher baseline levels of PLEs were associated with a greater intent to seek treatment at the follow-up before (Beta = 0.289, p < 0.001) and after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, depressive and anxiety symptoms (Beta = 0.128, p = 0.004). A network analysis demonstrated that the intent to seek treatment was connected to five nodes of PLEs including "déjà vu experiences" (weight = 0.046), "problems in differentiating reality and imagination" (weight = 0.103), "a lack of control over own ideas or thoughts" (weight = 0.077), "being distracted by distant sounds" (weight = 0.105), and "paranoid thoughts" (weight = 0.145). Findings from the present study indicate that PLEs might contribute to help-seeking behaviors regardless of co-occurring depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, specific PLEs may differ with respect to their effects on the perceived intent to seek treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Frydecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Misiak B, Gawęda Ł, Moustafa AA, Samochowiec J. Insomnia moderates the association between psychotic-like experiences and suicidal ideation in a non-clinical population: a network analysis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:255-263. [PMID: 37516979 PMCID: PMC10914899 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) have been associated with poor sleep quality and increased suicide risk. However, the association between PLEs, insomnia and suicide risk has not been thoroughly investigated in prior studies. In this study, we aimed to explore as to whether insomnia moderates the association between PLEs and suicidal ideation. The study was performed in 4203 young adults (aged 18-35 years, 63.8% females). Data were collected using self-reports. Moderation analysis demonstrated that PLEs are associated with higher levels of the current suicidal ideation only in participants with greater severity of insomnia (B = 0.003, p < 0.001). This analysis included age, gender, education, occupation and depressive symptoms as covariates. Moreover, the network analysis demonstrated that nodes representing PLEs are connected to the node of current suicidal ideation only in participants with greater severity of insomnia. The nodes of PLEs connected to the current suicidal ideation node captured PLEs representing deja vu experiences, auditory hallucination-like experiences and paranoia (edge weights between 0.011 and 0.083). Furthermore, nodes representing PLEs were the three most central nodes in the network analysis of individuals with higher levels of insomnia (strength centrality between 0.96 and 1.10). In turn, the three most central nodes were represented by depressive symptoms in the network analysis of individuals with lower levels of insomnia (strength centrality between 0.67 and 0.79). Findings from this study indicate that insomnia might be an important risk factor of suicide in people with PLEs, especially those reporting deja vu experiences, auditory hallucination-like experiences and paranoia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10 Street, 50-367, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Gawęda
- Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Psychology & Centre for Data Analytics, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Walker EF, Aberizk K, Yuan E, Bilgrami Z, Ku BS, Guest RM. Developmental perspectives on the origins of psychotic disorders: The need for a transdiagnostic approach. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38406831 PMCID: PMC11345878 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Research on serious mental disorders, particularly psychosis, has revealed highly variable symptom profiles and developmental trajectories prior to illness-onset. As Dante Cicchetti pointed out decades before the term "transdiagnostic" was widely used, the pathways to psychopathology emerge in a system involving equifinality and multifinality. Like most other psychological disorders, psychosis is associated with multiple domains of risk factors, both genetic and environmental, and there are many transdiagnostic developmental pathways that can lead to psychotic syndromes. In this article, we discuss our current understanding of heterogeneity in the etiology of psychosis and its implications for approaches to conceptualizing etiology and research. We highlight the need for examining risk factors at multiple levels and to increase the emphasis on transdiagnostic developmental trajectories as a key variable associated with etiologic subtypes. This will be increasingly feasible now that large, longitudinal datasets are becoming available and researchers have access to more sophisticated analytic tools, such as machine learning, which can identify more homogenous subtypes with the ultimate goal of enhancing options for treatment and preventive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine F Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katrina Aberizk
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emerald Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zarina Bilgrami
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benson S Ku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ryan M Guest
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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13
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Ku BS, Ren J, Compton MT, Druss BG, Guo S, Walker EF. The association between neighborhood-level social fragmentation and distressing psychotic-like experiences in early adolescence: the moderating role of close friends. Psychol Med 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38362835 PMCID: PMC11327384 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early exposure to neighborhood social fragmentation has been shown to be associated with schizophrenia. The impact of social fragmentation and friendships on distressing psychotic-like experiences (PLE) remains unknown. We investigate the relationships between neighborhood social fragmentation, number of friends, and distressing PLE among early adolescents. METHODS Data were collected from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Generalized linear mixed models tested associations between social fragmentation and distressing PLE, as well as the moderating role of the number of total and close friends. RESULTS Participants included 11 133 adolescents aged 9 to 10, with 52.3% being males. Greater neighborhood social fragmentation was associated with higher levels of distressing PLE (adjusted β = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01-0.09). The number of close but not total friends significantly interacted with social fragmentation to predict distressing PLE (adjusted β = -0.02; 95% CI: -0.04 to <-0.01). Among those with fewer close friends, the association between neighborhood social fragmentation and distressing PLE was significant (adjusted β = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.03-0.11). However, among those with more close friends, the association was non-significant (adjusted β = 0.03; 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Greater neighborhood social fragmentation is associated with higher levels of distressing PLE, particularly among those with fewer close friends. Further research is needed to disentangle aspects of the interaction between neighborhood characteristics and the quality of social interactions that may contribute to psychosis, which would have implications for developing effective interventions at the individual and community levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson S Ku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jiyuan Ren
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael T Compton
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin G Druss
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shuyi Guo
- Department of Biostatistics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Karska J, Rejek M, Misiak B. Resilience buffers the association between psychotic-like experiences and suicide risk: a prospective study from a non-clinical sample. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:32. [PMID: 38191366 PMCID: PMC10775531 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported that psychotic-like experiences are associated with low levels of resilience and increased suicide risk. However, it remains unknown as to whether resilience mediates or moderates the association between psychotic-like experiences and suicide risk. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the moderating and mediating effect of resilience in the association between psychotic-like experiences and suicide risk. METHODS A total of 1100 non-clinical, young adults (aged 18 - 35 years) with a negative history of psychiatric treatment were enrolled. Participants were recruited by the snowball sampling methodology through advertisements posted in the online platform. They were followed-up for about 7 months. Variables of interest were recorded using self-reports. Psychopathological assessment was conducted using the Prodromal Questionnaire-16, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the Traumatic Experience Checklist, the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire, the Cannabis Problems Questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10, and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The STROBE statement guidelines were followed. RESULTS The moderation analysis revealed that higher levels of psychotic-like experiences and related distress at baseline were associated with significantly higher suicide risk at the follow-up after adjustment for baseline sociodemographic characteristics, depressive and anxiety symptoms, a history of childhood trauma, and problematic cannabis use. The interaction between follow-up resilience and distress related to baseline psychotic-like experiences was significantly and negatively associated with suicide risk at the follow-up. Specifically, the correlation between the level of distress related to psychotic-like experiences and suicide risk was significant and positive only in participants with lower levels of resilience. This interaction did not reach statistical significance for the baseline level of psychotic-like experiences. No significant mediating effect of the follow-up resilience level in the association between baseline psychotic-like experiences and the follow-up suicide risk was found. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the present study indicate that resilience might protect against suicide risk in people with psychotic-like experiences. These findings could be applied in the formulation of early intervention strategies aimed at mitigating the risk of suicide. Future studies need to explore the effects of interventions targeting resilience for individuals with psychotic-like experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Karska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10 Street, Wroclaw, 50-367, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Rejek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10 Street, Wroclaw, 50-367, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10 Street, Wroclaw, 50-367, Poland.
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Rejek M, Misiak B. Modelling the effects of the exposome score within the extended psychosis phenotype. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 169:22-30. [PMID: 37995498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that cumulative measures of risk factors for psychosis might help to predict its development. However, it remains unknown as to whether these measures are also associated with the extended psychosis phenotype that refers to a continuum of features bridging subclinical symptoms with clinically relevant outcomes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of the exposome score (ES) with psychosis risk in a non-clinical population. A total of 1100 non-clinical adults (aged 18-35 years, 51.4% females) with a negative history of psychiatric treatment were recruited. The Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16) was used to screen for psychosis risk. Self-reports were used to record environmental exposures. The ES was significantly higher in participants with the positive PQ-16 screening. Specifically, the prevalence of obstetric complications, non-right handedness, all categories of childhood trauma, and problematic cannabis use was significantly higher in this group of participants. A network analysis demonstrated that the ES was directly connected not only to items representing psychotic experiences ("paranoid thoughts", "a lack of control over own ideas or thoughts", "thought echo", and "being distracted by distant sounds") but also those covering depressive or anxiety symptoms ("uninterested in things used to enjoy" and "feeling anxious when meeting people for the first time"). In conclusion, the ES is associated with the extended psychosis phenotype, suggesting its potential to identify individuals who may benefit from further psychosis risk assessment. The ES appears to contribute to non-specific psychopathology, which may, in some cases, progress to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian Rejek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
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16
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Tesli M, Nesvåg R, Haukvik UK, Gustavson K, Tesli N, Friestad C, Skardhamar T, Naess Ø, Czajkowski N, Kendler KS, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Ystrom E. Common genetic and environmental risk for personality disorders and psychotic-like experiences in young adult twins. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2023; 148:561-569. [PMID: 37497694 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychotic-like experiences (PLE) have been associated with the subsequent emergence of psychotic disorders as well as several other domains of psychopathology. In this twin study, we estimated the genetic and environmental correlations between PLE and 10 personality disorders (PD). METHODS Diagnoses of 10 PDs according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and PLE from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) were retrieved for 2793 young adult twins from the Norwegian Twin Registry. Risk for having a PD and PLEs was modeled using item response theory. Biometric twin models were fitted to estimate the genetic and environmental correlations between PDs and PLEs. Co-twin control analysis was performed to estimate additional within-family risk for PLEs when having a PD. RESULTS Phenotypic overlap between PDs and PLEs ranged from 14% to 44% in males and from 11% to 39% in females, with the highest overlap for borderline PD in both sexes. In general, we found higher genetic correlations (r = 0.14-0.72) than environmental correlations (r = 0.06-0.28) between PDs and PLEs. The highest genetic correlations between PLE and PDs were found for borderline (r = 0.72), paranoid (r = 0.56), schizotypal (r = 0.56) and antisocial PD (r = 0.49). CONCLUSION We found that the co-occurrence between PDs and PLE is the best explained by shared genetic determinants, with minor contributions from environmental factors. Interestingly, borderline PD was highly genetically correlated with PLE, warranting molecular genetic studies of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tesli
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnar Nesvåg
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unn K Haukvik
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Gustavson
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Natalia Tesli
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Friestad
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University College of Norwegian Correctional Service, Lillestrøm, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Skardhamar
- Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Naess
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikolai Czajkowski
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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17
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Hall LM, Moussa-Tooks AB, Bailey AJ, Sheffield JM. Examining delusional ideation: Relationships with race and socioeconomic status. Schizophr Res 2023; 262:104-111. [PMID: 37944343 PMCID: PMC10841742 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Race and socioeconomic status (SES) are commonly cited as risk factors for psychosis and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). However, few studies have investigated the relationships between race and SES with specific domains of PLEs. Specifically, little work has examined the relationships between race and SES with delusional ideation, severity (preoccupation, conviction, distress), and delusional themes. Using cross-sectional, general population data (N = 727) from the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland (NKI-Rockland) database, we investigated racial differences in delusional ideation and severity between Black and White participants, including differences in delusional themes. Then, we investigated SES's relationship with delusional thinking and the interaction between race and SES on delusional thinking. Black American participants endorsed higher delusional ideation with stronger severity than White Americans. A significant interaction between race and delusional theme revealed that Black Americans endorse significantly more delusional ideation in themes of grandiosity, religiosity, and referential-guilt. Black Americans endorse greater delusional severity in grandiose and religious ideations. Black Americans endorse stronger preoccupation and conviction - but not distress-in their referential-guilt ideation. SES was not significantly associated with delusional thinking, nor did SES moderate the significant relationships between race and delusional ideation. These results illuminate the clear racial disparity that exist in delusional ideation within a general population, which did not extend to SES in this dataset. Future work should investigate deeper into the contributory factors to these racial disparities, particularly whether they are based in psychological and/or cultural differences or are the result of assessment/measurement bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Hall
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America.
| | - Alexandra B Moussa-Tooks
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Allen J Bailey
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addition, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Julia M Sheffield
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
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18
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Thomas M, Whittle S, Tian YE, van Rheenen TE, Zalesky A, Cropley VL. Pathways from threat exposure to psychotic symptoms in youth: The role of emotion recognition bias and brain structure. Schizophr Res 2023; 261:304-313. [PMID: 37898031 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research supports an association between threatening experiences in childhood and psychosis. It is possible that early threat exposure disrupts the development of emotion recognition (specifically, producing a bias for facial expressions relating to threat) and the brain structures subserving it, contributing to psychosis development. METHODS Using data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, we examined associations between threat exposure and both the misattribution of facial expressions to fear/anger in an emotion recognition task, and gray matter volumes in key emotion processing regions. Our sample comprised youth with psychosis spectrum symptoms (N = 304), control youth (N = 787), and to evaluate specificity, youth with internalizing symptoms (N = 92). The moderating effects of group and sex were examined. RESULTS Both the psychosis spectrum and internalizing groups had higher levels of threat exposure than controls. In the total sample, threat exposure was associated with lower left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) volume but not misattributions to fear/anger. The effects of threat exposure did not significantly differ by group or sex. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provide evidence for an effect of threat exposure on mPFC morphology, but do not support an association between threat exposure and a recognition bias for threat-related expressions, that is particularly pronounced in psychosis. Future research should investigate factors linking transdiagnostic alterations related to threat exposure with psychotic symptoms, and attempt to clarify the mechanisms underpinning emotion recognition misattributions in threat-exposed youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Thomas
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ye E Tian
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa L Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
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19
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Misiak B, Kowalski K, Jaworski A, Świrkosz G, Szyszka M, Piotrowski P. Understanding pathways from narcissistic grandiosity to psychotic-like experiences: Insights from the network analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 166:122-129. [PMID: 37757705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that narcissistic grandiosity and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) may share the common psychological mechanisms, including impairments of metacognition, social cognition, cognitive biases, emotion regulation through fantasizing and dissociation. However, it remains unknown as to whether these mechanisms are associated with the occurrence of PLEs in people with narcissistic grandiosity. Therefore, in the present study, we approached a network analysis in order to investigate pathways from narcissistic grandiosity to PLEs taking into consideration the mediating effect of common psychological mechanisms. The study was based on a non-clinical sample of 1647 individuals, aged 18-35 years. Data were collected through self-reports administered in the online survey. There were no direct connections between narcissistic grandiosity and PLEs. However, four pathways connecting narcissistic grandiosity and PLEs through the effect of one mediating psychological mechanism were identified. These mechanisms covered external attribution biases, the need to control thoughts, social cognition, and emotion regulation through fantasizing. Among them, the shortest pathway led through the effects of external attribution biases. Age, gender, education and lifetime history of psychiatric treatment were included as covariates in a network analysis. Findings from this study indicate that higher levels of external attributions, the need to control thoughts, impairments of social cognition, and emotion regulation strategies based on fantasizing might be associated with the development of PLEs in people showing narcissistic grandiosity. These observations indicate potential targets for therapeutic approaches that aim to reduce the risk of developing comorbid psychopathology in people with grandiose narcissism traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Kowalski
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Jaworski
- Department of Psychiatry, Students' Association of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Gabriela Świrkosz
- Department of Psychiatry, Students' Association of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Szyszka
- Department of Psychiatry, Students' Association of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Piotrowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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20
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Hosseini SR, Nooripour R, Ghanbari N, Firoozabadi A, Peters E. Evaluation of reliability and validity of the Persian version of Peters et al. delusions inventory (PDI-40) in iranian non-clinical and clinical samples. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:294. [PMID: 37759258 PMCID: PMC10537839 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01341-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some individuals may manifest psychotic symptoms that do not fulfill the requisite clinical criteria for a formal diagnosis of psychosis. The assessment of susceptibility to delusions, encompassing both clinical and non-clinical cohorts, frequently makes use of the Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI-40). This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Persian version of Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI-40) in Iranian non-clinical and clinical samples. METHODS The present study employed a cross-sectional, correlational design in 2020. A total of 1402 Iranian participants were recruited for the study, which consisted of three distinct stages. The first stage involved an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) conducted on a non-clinical sample of 512 participants. The second stage comprising different non-clinical sample 764 participants to perform a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). In the third stage, a clinical sample of 126 psychotic patients was compared to a non-clinical sample. All participants completed the PDI-40, the Community Assessment of Psychotic Experiences (CAPE-42), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The internal structure of PDI-40 was examined through the analysis of its factor structure using LISREL 8.8. RESULTS The EFA analysis unveiled nine components within Persian version of PDI-40. The CFA analysis demonstrated an excellent fit of the nine-factor structure of Persian PDI-40 to the data. The total score exhibited high internal reliability, as indicated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.92. Moreover, Persian PDI-40 exhibited satisfactory evidence of convergent validity, as significant correlations were observed between dimensions of PDI-40 and subscales of CAPE-42 and DASS-21. Lastly, findings indicated that psychotic participants scored higher than non-clinical participants in all components of the PDI-40(p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Persian version of the PDI-40 demonstrates strong reliability and validity for assessing delusion proneness in both non-clinical and clinical samples in Iran. The observed distinctions between psychotic and non-clinical participants underscore its potential as a valuable tool for discerning delusion proneness in diverse contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ruhollah Hosseini
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Roghieh Nooripour
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikzad Ghanbari
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Firoozabadi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Emmanuelle Peters
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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21
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Rejek M, Misiak B. Dimensions of psychopathology associated with psychotic-like experiences: Findings from the network analysis in a nonclinical sample. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e56. [PMID: 37439195 PMCID: PMC10486255 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are associated with a variety of psychopathological symptoms. However, it remains unknown which dimensions of psychopathology are most closely related to the occurrence of PLEs. In this study, we aimed to analyze the association of PLEs with various domains of psychopathology. METHODS A total of 1100 nonclinical adults (aged 18-35 years, 51.4% females) with a negative history of psychiatric treatment were surveyed. Assessment of psychopathology was performed using self-reports. Symptoms associated with PLEs were explored as continuous variables and based on clinically relevant thresholds using two separate network analyses. RESULTS In both network analyses, PLEs were directly connected to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms, manic symptoms, depressive symptoms, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Anxiety symptoms were associated with PLEs only in the network based on threshold scores. Importantly, edge weight for the connection of PLEs and OCD symptoms was significantly higher compared to edge weights of all other direct connections of PLEs with psychopathology in both networks. Edge weight for the connection between PLEs and manic symptoms was significantly higher compared to edge weights for direct connections of PLEs with depressive and ADHD symptoms in the network based on continuous scores of psychopathological symptoms. Edge weights of direct connections of PLEs with depressive, anxiety, and ADHD symptoms did not differ significantly in both networks. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that PLEs are associated with multiple domains of psychopathology. However, these phenomena are most strongly associated with OCD symptoms regardless of their severity threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian Rejek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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22
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Misiak B, Szewczuk-Bogusławska M, Samochowiec J, Moustafa AA, Gawęda Ł. Unraveling the complexity of associations between a history of childhood trauma, psychotic-like experiences, depression and non-suicidal self-injury: A network analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 337:11-17. [PMID: 37230261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported the association of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). It has been hypothesized that both constructs might share overlapping backgrounds. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between childhood trauma, depression, PLEs and lifetime characteristics of NSSI. METHODS Participants included individuals aged 18-35 years who had a negative history of psychiatric treatment. They were surveyed through the computer-assisted web interview. A network analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 4203 non-clinical adults (63.8 % females) were enrolled. The characteristics of NSSI and a history of childhood sexual abuse were the most central nodes in the network. A history of childhood sexual abuse was the only category of childhood trauma that was directly connected to the characteristics of NSSI (i.e., longer lifetime duration of NSSI). The shortest pathways from other categories of childhood trauma (emotional abuse, emotional neglect and bullying) were connected to the lifetime characteristics through the effects of sexual abuse. However, other pathways were also possible and converged on nodes representing persecutory thoughts, déjàvu experiences, psychomotor retardation/agitation and suicidal ideation. These psychopathological symptoms were the only nodes directly connected to the characteristics of NSSI (i.e., lifetime duration and a history of severe NSSI). LIMITATIONS The main limitations include the use of a non-clinical sample and cross-sectional design. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support the hypothesis that PLEs and NSSI might be associated due to shared correlates. In other words, the associations of childhood trauma and PLEs with NSSI might be independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | | | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Psychology & Centre for Data Analytics, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Łukasz Gawęda
- Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Misiak B, Samochowiec J, Gawęda Ł, Frydecka D. Association of sociodemographic, proximal, and distal clinical factors with current suicidal ideation: Findings from a nonclinical sample of young adults. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e29. [PMID: 36847110 PMCID: PMC10044310 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence indicates that a variety of distal and proximal factors might impact a risk of suicide. However, the association between both groups of factors remains unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the interplay between distal and proximal correlates of the current suicidal ideation. METHODS A total of 3,000 individuals (aged 18-35 years, 41.7% males), who had reported a negative history of psychiatric treatment, were enrolled through an online computer-assisted web interview. Self-reports were administered to measure: (a) distal factors: a history of childhood trauma (CT), reading disabilities (RDs), symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), lifetime history of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), lifetime problematic substance use as well as family history of schizophrenia and mood disorders; (b) proximal factors: depressive symptoms, psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), and insomnia; and (c) sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Suicidal ideation was directly associated with unemployment, being single, higher level of RD, lifetime history of NSSI as well as higher severity of PLEs, depression, and insomnia. The association of distal factors with suicidal ideation was fully (a history of CT and symptoms of ADHD) or partially (a history of NSSI and RD) mediated by proximal factors (PLEs, depression, and insomnia). CONCLUSIONS Main findings from this study posit the role of distal factors related to neurodevelopmental disorders, CT and NSSI in shaping suicide risk. Their effects might be partially or fully mediated by depression, PLEs, and insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Gawęda
- Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Frydecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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24
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Computer assisted identification of stress, anxiety, depression (SAD) in students: A state-of-the-art review. Med Eng Phys 2022; 110:103900. [PMID: 36273998 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Stress, depression, and anxiety are a person's physiological states that emerge from various body features such as speech, body language, eye contact, facial expression, etc. Physiological emotion is a part of human life and is associated with psychological activities. Sad emotion is relatable to negative thoughts and recognized in three stages containing stress, anxiety, and depression. These stages of Physiological emotion show various common and distinguished symptoms. The present study explores stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms in student life. The study reviews the psychological features generated through various body parts to identify psychological activities. Environmental factors, including a daily routine, greatly trigger psychological activities. The psychological disorder may affect mental and physical health adversely. The correct recognition of such disorder is expensive and time-consuming as it requires accurate datasets of symptoms. In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the effectiveness of computerized automated techniques that include machine learning algorithms for identifying stress, anxiety, and depression mental disorder. The proposed paper reviews the machine learning-based algorithms applied over datasets containing questionnaires, audio, video, etc., to recognize sad details. During the review process, the proposed study found that artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques are well recommended and widely utilized in most of the existing literature for measuring psychological disorders. The various machine learning-based algorithms are applied over datasets containing questionnaires, audio, video, etc., to recognize sad details. There has been continuous monitoring for the body symptoms established in the various existing literature to identify psychological states. The present review reveals the study of excellence and competence of machine learning techniques in detecting psychological disorders' stress, depression, and anxiety parameters. This paper shows a systematic review of some existing computer vision-based models with their merits and demerits.
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25
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Langer ÁI, Wardenaar K, Wigman JTW, Ulloa JL, Núñez D. A Latent Profile Analysis of Psychotic Experiences, Non-psychotic Symptoms, Suicidal Ideation and Underlying Mechanisms in a Sample of Adolescents From the General Population. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:926556. [PMID: 35832591 PMCID: PMC9271879 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.926556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychotic experiences (PEs) are prevalent in the general population, particularly in adolescents. PEs are associated with various negative outcomes such as psychotic, depressive, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorders and suicidal behavior. Recent studies in the general population have suggested that what makes PEs relevant is not so much the experiences per se, but their association with non-psychotic comorbidity and other transdiagnostic domains. Thus, there is a need for a better understanding of how PEs exist in a larger psychopathological context in adolescents. In the present study we aimed to explore this, using latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify different patterns in which PEs, psychiatric symptoms and psychological processes co-occur. LPA was conducted using data from an adolescent general population subsample (n = 335) with PEs. We conducted LPA, using measures of PEs, psychiatric symptoms and behaviors (depression, anxiety post-traumatic stress disorder and suicidal behavior) and cognitive and affective processes of entrapment/defeat and emotional regulation as manifest variables. We found that the best fit was obtained with a four-class solution that distinguished primarily between different levels of overall severity: "low symptomatology" (19.1%), "mild-moderate symptomatology" (39.4%), "moderate symptomatology" (33.7%); "high symptomatology" (7.8%). Levels of depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms and defeat/entrapment were most differentiated between classes. The high symptomatology group showed the highest scores in all psychiatric symptoms suicidal ideation, and emotional/cognitive domains, except in cognitive reappraisal. This group also showed the highest usage of emotional suppression. Our results suggest that the assessment of mental health risk in adolescents should be aware that PEs exist in a broad context of other domains of psychopathology and transdiagnostic cognitive and affective processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro I Langer
- Mind-Body Lab, Institute of Psychological Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Agencia Nacional de Investigaciòn y Desarrollo (ANID), Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Santiago, Chile.,Associative Research Program, Center of Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Klaas Wardenaar
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Centre for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Johanna T W Wigman
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Centre for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - José Luis Ulloa
- Agencia Nacional de Investigaciòn y Desarrollo (ANID), Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Santiago, Chile.,Associative Research Program, Center of Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Daniel Núñez
- Agencia Nacional de Investigaciòn y Desarrollo (ANID), Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Santiago, Chile.,Associative Research Program, Center of Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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