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Verma N, Sharma T, Bhardwaj A, Vemuluri VR. Comparative genomics and characterization of a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii VRL-M19 isolated from a crowded setting in India. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 118:105549. [PMID: 38181886 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
A crowded vegetable market serves as a mass gathering, posing a potential risk for infection transmission. In this study, we isolated a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain, VRL-M19, from the air of such a market and conducted comparative genomics and phenotypic characterization. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, genome sequencing using Illumina HiSeq X10, and pan-genome analysis with 788 clinical isolates identified core, accessory, and unique drug-resistant determinants. Mutational analysis of drug-resistance genes, virulence factor annotation, in vitro pathogenicity assessment, subsystem analysis, Multilocus sequence typing, and whole genome phylogenetic analysis were performed. VRL-M19 exhibited multidrug resistance with 69 determinants, and analysis across 788 clinical isolates and 350 Indian isolates revealed more accessory genes (52 out of 69) in the Indian isolates. Multiple mutations were observed in drug target modification genes, and the strain was identified as a moderate biofilm-former with 55 virulence factors. Whole genome phylogenetics indicated a close relationship between VRL-M19 and clinical A. baumannii strains. In conclusion, our comprehensive study suggests that VRL-M19 is a multidrug-resistant, potential pathogen with biofilm-forming capabilities, closely associated with clinical A. baumannii strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Verma
- Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank (MTCC), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Tina Sharma
- Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anshu Bhardwaj
- Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Venkata Ramana Vemuluri
- Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank (MTCC), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Kawada Y, Hayashi E, Katsuragi Y, Imamura-Jinda A, Hirokawa T, Mizukami T, Hayashi M. Identification of Chemicals That Abrogate Folate-Dependent Inhibition of Starch Accumulation in Non-Photosynthetic Plastids of Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1551-1562. [PMID: 37801291 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Folate, also known as vitamin B9, is an essential cofactor for a variety of enzymes and plays a crucial role in many biological processes. We previously reported that plastidial folate prevents starch biosynthesis triggered by the influx of sugar into non-starch-accumulating plastids, such as etioplasts, and chloroplasts under darkness; hence the loss of plastidial folate induces the accumulation of starch in plastids. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we screened our in-house chemical library and searched their derivatives to identify chemicals capable of inducing starch accumulation in etioplasts. The results revealed four chemicals, compounds #120 and #375 and their derivatives, compounds #120d and #375d, respectively. The derivative compounds induced starch accumulation in etioplasts and suppressed hypocotyl elongation in dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings. They also inhibited the post-germinative growth of seedlings under illumination. All four chemicals contained the sulfonamide group as a consensus structure. The sulfonamide group is also found in sulfa drugs, which exhibit antifolate activity, and in sulfonylurea herbicides. Further analyses revealed that compound #375d induces starch accumulation by inhibiting folate biosynthesis. By contrast, compound #120d neither inhibited folate biosynthesis nor exhibited the herbicide activity. Protein and metabolite analyses suggest that compound #120d abrogates folate-dependent inhibition of starch accumulation in etioplasts by enhancing starch biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kawada
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829 Japan
| | - Eriko Hayashi
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829 Japan
| | - Yuya Katsuragi
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829 Japan
| | - Aya Imamura-Jinda
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829 Japan
| | - Takatsugu Hirokawa
- Transborder Medical Research Center, Tsukuba University, 1-1-1 Tenmondai, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, 305-8577 Japan
| | - Tamio Mizukami
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829 Japan
- Frontier Pharma, 1281-8 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829 Japan
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829 Japan
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Zhong CJ, Hu XL, Yang XL, Gan HQ, Yan KC, Shu FT, Wei P, Gong T, Luo PF, James TD, Chen ZH, Zheng YJ, He XP, Xia ZF. Metabolically Specific In Situ Fluorescent Visualization of Bacterial Infection on Wound Tissues. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39808-39818. [PMID: 36005548 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability to effectively detect bacterial infection in human tissues is important for the timely treatment of the infection. However, traditional techniques fail to visualize bacterial species adhered to host cells in situ in a target-specific manner. Dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) exclusively exists in bacterial species and metabolically converts p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to folic acid (FA). By targeting this bacterium-specific metabolism, we have developed a fluorescent imaging probe, PABA-DCM, based on the conjugation of PABA with a long-wavelength fluorophore, dicyanomethylene 4H-pyran (DCM). We confirmed that the probe can be used in the synthetic pathway of a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and negative bacteria, resulting in a significantly extended retention time in bacterial over mammalian cells. We validated that DHPS catalytically introduces a dihydropteridine group to the amino end of the PABA motif of PABA-DCM, and the resulting adduct leads to an increase in the FA levels of bacteria. We also constructed a hydrogel dressing containing PABA-DCM and graphene oxide (GO), termed PABA-DCM@GO, that achieves target-specific fluorescence visualization of bacterial infection on the wounded tissues of mice. Our research paves the way for the development of fluorescent imaging agents that target species-conserved metabolic pathways of microorganisms for the in situ monitoring of infections in human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jian Zhong
- Department of Burn Surgery and Wound Repair, Fujian Burn Medical Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Burn and Trauma, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, PR China
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xi-Le Hu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lan Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery and Wound Repair, Fujian Burn Medical Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Burn and Trauma, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, PR China
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Burn Surgery and Wound Repair, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362001, Fujian, China
| | - Hui-Qi Gan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Kai-Cheng Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Fu-Ting Shu
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pei Wei
- Department of Burn Surgery and Wound Repair, Fujian Burn Medical Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Burn and Trauma, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, PR China
| | - Teng Gong
- Department of Burn Surgery and Wound Repair, Fujian Burn Medical Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Burn and Trauma, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Luo
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA27AY, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Zhao-Hong Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery and Wound Repair, Fujian Burn Medical Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Burn and Trauma, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yong-Jun Zheng
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhao-Fan Xia
- Department of Burn Surgery and Wound Repair, Fujian Burn Medical Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Burn and Trauma, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, PR China
- Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200433, China
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Wen X, Zhou X, Li W, Du C, Ke Z, Zhao C. Mechanism of Counterion-Controlled Regioselective Hydrothiolation of 1,3-Dienes: Insights from a Density Functional Theory Study. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Weikang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Chao Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Cunyuan Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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Cheong MS, Seo KH, Chohra H, Yoon YE, Choe H, Kantharaj V, Lee YB. Influence of Sulfonamide Contamination Derived from Veterinary Antibiotics on Plant Growth and Development. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080456. [PMID: 32731577 PMCID: PMC7460019 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Veterinary antibiotics such as sulfonamides are widely used to increase feed efficiency and to protect against disease in livestock production. The sulfonamide antimicrobial mechanism involves the blocking of folate biosynthesis by inhibiting bacterial dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) activity competitively. Interestingly, most treatment antibiotics can be released into the environment via manure and result in significant diffuse pollution in the environment. However, the physiological effects of sulfonamide during plant growth and development remain elusive because the plant response is dependent on folate biosynthesis and the concentration of antibiotics. Here, we present a chemical interaction docking model between Napa cabbage (Brassica campestris) DHPS and sulfamethoxazole and sulfamethazine, which are the most abundant sulfonamides detected in the environment. Furthermore, seedling growth inhibition was observed in lentil bean (Lens culinaris), rice (Oryza sativa), and Napa cabbage plants upon sulfonamide exposure. The results revealed that sulfonamide antibiotics target plant DHPS in a module similar to bacterial DHPS and affect early growth and the development of crop seedlings. Taking these results together, we suggest that sulfonamides act as pollutants in crop fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Sun Cheong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.S.C.); (H.C.); (Y.E.Y.); (H.C.); (V.K.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Kyung Hye Seo
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumsung 27709, Korea;
| | - Hadjer Chohra
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.S.C.); (H.C.); (Y.E.Y.); (H.C.); (V.K.)
| | - Young Eun Yoon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.S.C.); (H.C.); (Y.E.Y.); (H.C.); (V.K.)
| | - Hyeonji Choe
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.S.C.); (H.C.); (Y.E.Y.); (H.C.); (V.K.)
| | - Vimalraj Kantharaj
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.S.C.); (H.C.); (Y.E.Y.); (H.C.); (V.K.)
| | - Yong Bok Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.S.C.); (H.C.); (Y.E.Y.); (H.C.); (V.K.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-557-721-967
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Chitnumsub P, Jaruwat A, Talawanich Y, Noytanom K, Liwnaree B, Poen S, Yuthavong Y. The structure of Plasmodium falciparum hydroxymethyldihydropterin pyrophosphokinase-dihydropteroate synthase reveals the basis of sulfa resistance. FEBS J 2020; 287:3273-3297. [PMID: 31883412 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of sulfa drugs as antimalarials has declined owing to the evolution of resistance in Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria parasites. In order to understand the basis of this resistance and to design more effective antimalarials, we have solved 13 structures of the bifunctional enzyme 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase (HPPK)-dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) from wild-type (WT) P. falciparum and sulfa-resistant mutants, both as apoenzyme and as complexes with pteroate (PTA) and sulfa derivatives. The structures of these complexes show that PTA, which effectively inhibits both the WT and mutants, stays in active sites without steric constraint. In contrast, parts of the sulfa compounds situated outside of the substrate envelope are in the vicinity of the resistance mutations. Steric conflict between compound and mutant residue along with increased flexibility of loop D2 in the mutants can account for the reduced compound binding affinity to the mutants. Kinetic data show that the mutants have enhanced enzyme activity compared with the WT. These PfDHPS structural insights are critical for the design of novel, substrate envelope-compliant DHPS inhibitors that are less vulnerable to resistance mutations. DATABASES: The data reported in this paper have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank, www.wwpdb.org. PDB ID codes: 6JWQ for apoWT; 6JWR, 6JWS, and 6JWT for PTA complexes of WT, A437G (3D7), and V1/S; 6JWU, 6JWV, and 6JWW for STZ-DHP complexes of WT, 3D7, and V1/S; 6JWX, 6JWY, and 6JWZ for SDX-DHP complexes of WT, 3D7, and W2; 6KCK, 6KCL, and 6KCM for Pterin/pHBA complexes of WT, TN1, and W2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penchit Chitnumsub
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Aritsara Jaruwat
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Yuwadee Talawanich
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Krittikar Noytanom
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Benjamas Liwnaree
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sinothai Poen
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Yongyuth Yuthavong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Penocchio E, Mendolicchio M, Tasinato N, Barone V. Structural features of the carbon-sulfur chemical bond: a semi-experimental perspective. CAN J CHEM 2016; 94:1065-1076. [PMID: 28912608 PMCID: PMC5595238 DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work semi-experimental and theoretical equilibrium geometries of 10 sulfur-containing organic molecules, as well as 4 oxygenated ones, are determined by means of a computational protocol based on density functional theory. The results collected in the present paper further enhance our online database of accurate semi-experimental equilibrium molecular geometries, adding 13 new molecules containing up to 8 atoms, for 12 of which the first semi-experimental equilibrium structure is reported, to the best of our knowledge. We focus in particular on sulfur-containing compounds, aiming both to provide new accurate data on some rather important chemical moieties, only marginally represented in the literature of the field, and to examine the structural features of carbon-sulfur bonds in the light of the previously presented linear regression approach. The structural changes issuing from substitution of oxygen by sulfur are discussed to get deeper insights on how modifications in electronic structure and nuclear potential can affect equilibrium geometries. With respect to our previous works, we perform non-linear constrained optimizations of equilibrium SE structures with a new general and user-friendly software under development in our group with updated definition of useful statistical indicators.
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Long X, Wang D, Lin Z, Qin M, Song C, Liu Y. The mixture toxicity of environmental contaminants containing sulfonamides and other antibiotics in Escherichia coli: Differences in both the special target proteins of individual chemicals and their effective combined concentration. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 158:193-203. [PMID: 27269994 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organisms in the environment are exposed to mixtures of multiple contaminants, leading to serious environmental harm. These mixtures pose an ecological risk and have attracted an increasing amount of attention; however there has been little in-depth research the toxicity of mixtures, such as antibiotics. To determine how different mixtures of antibiotics affect organisms, the individual and mixture toxicity of sulfonamides and several antibiotics were determined using Escherichia coli as a target organism in our study. The results show that additive effects occur between sulfonamides and quinolones or with a portion of β-lactams, synergistic effects appear between sulfonamides and their potentiators or cefotaxime sodium, and antagonistic effects arise between sulfonamides and tetracyclines or penicillin V potassium salt. In addition, the toxicity mechanism of binary mixtures is further discussed and the results reveal that the joint effect differences depend not only the target proteins of individual chemicals but also on their effective combined concentration based on the approach of Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSARs) and molecular docking. This study introduces the concept of the "effective concentration" to provide insight into understanding the mechanism of binary mixtures, which will be beneficial for evaluating the ecological risk of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Long
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Beijing, China.
| | - Mengnan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chunlei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China
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Fernández C, Jaimes J, Ortiz MC, Ramírez JD. Host and Toxoplasma gondii genetic and non-genetic factors influencing the development of ocular toxoplasmosis: A systematic review. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 44:199-209. [PMID: 27389360 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan infection caused by the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. This infectious disease is widely distributed across the world where cats play an important role in its spread. The symptomatology caused by this parasite is diverse but the ocular affectation emerges as the most important clinical phenotype. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of the current knowledge of ocular toxoplasmosis from the genetic diversity of the pathogen towards the treatment available for this infection. This review represents an update to the scientific community regarding the genetic diversity of the parasite, the genetic factors of the host, the molecular pathogenesis and its association with disease, the available diagnostic tools and the available treatment of patients undergoing ocular toxoplamosis. This review will be an update for the scientific community in order to encourage researchers to deploy cutting-edge investigation across this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Fernández
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas - UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jesús Jaimes
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas - UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Camila Ortiz
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas - UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas - UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Di Giuseppe A, Castarlenas R, Oro LA. Rhodium Catalysts for C–S Bond Formation. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2016_171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Zambuzzi-Carvalho PF, Fernandes AG, Valadares MC, Tavares PDM, Nosanchuk JD, de Almeida Soares CM, Pereira M. Transcriptional profile of the human pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides lutzii in response to sulfamethoxazole. Med Mycol 2015; 53:477-92. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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12
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Qiang Z, Bao X, Ben W. MCM-48 modified magnetic mesoporous nanocomposite as an attractive adsorbent for the removal of sulfamethazine from water. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:4107-4114. [PMID: 23174536 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel magnetic mesoporous nanocomposite FeM48 was synthesized and applied to remove sulfamethazine (SMN) from water. The adsorption kinetics could be expressed by the pseudo-second-order model, where external and interfacial diffusions tended to be the rate-limiting step. The adsorption isotherms at varied temperatures were fitted well with Freundlich model, and thermodynamic analysis revealed that SMN adsorption on FeM48 was a spontaneous exothermic process. Solution pH exhibited a remarkable impact on the adsorption process and the maximum adsorbed concentration was obtained at pH 6.3. The effect of co-existing anions and humic acid demonstrated that SMN could be adsorbed selectively by FeM48. Hydrogen bonding between the nitrogen of the aniline, sulfinol or pyrimidine group of SMN and the surface hydroxyl group of FeM48 was the major driving force for adsorption. In addition, the π-π electron-donor-acceptor interaction between SMN (π-electron-acceptor) and MCM-48 (π-electron-donor) also promoted the adsorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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13
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Folate metabolism in human malaria parasites—75 years on. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2013; 188:63-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Nguyen TPT, Clarke CF. Folate status of gut microbiome affects Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan. BMC Biol 2012; 10:66. [PMID: 22849295 PMCID: PMC3409036 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-10-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In a paper in BMC Biology Virk et al. show that Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan is extended in response to a diet of folate-deficient Escherichia coli. The deficiencies in folate biosynthesis were due to an aroD mutation, or treatment of E. coli with sulfa drugs, which are mimics of the folate precursor para-aminobenzoic acid. This study suggests that pharmacological manipulation of the gut microbiome folate status may be a viable approach to slow animal aging, and raises questions about folate supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa P T Nguyen
- UCLA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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15
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16
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Lozovsky ER, Chookajorn T, Brown KM, Imwong M, Shaw PJ, Kamchonwongpaisan S, Neafsey DE, Weinreich DM, Hartl DL. Stepwise acquisition of pyrimethamine resistance in the malaria parasite. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:12025-30. [PMID: 19587242 PMCID: PMC2715478 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0905922106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of high-level pyrimethamine resistance in Africa threatens to curtail the therapeutic lifetime of antifolate antimalarials. We studied the possible evolutionary pathways in the evolution of pyrimethamine resistance using an approach in which all possible mutational intermediates were created by site-directed mutagenesis and assayed for their level of drug resistance. The coding sequence for dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum was mutagenized, and tests were carried out in Escherichia coli under conditions in which the endogenous bacterial enzyme was selectively inhibited. We studied 4 key amino acid replacements implicated in pyrimethamine resistance: N51I, C59R, S108N, and I164L. Using empirical estimates of the mutational spectrum in P. falciparum and probabilities of fixation based on the relative levels of resistance, we found that the predicted favored pathways of drug resistance are consistent with those reported in previous kinetic studies, as well as DHFR polymorphisms observed in natural populations. We found that 3 pathways account for nearly 90% of the simulated realizations of the evolution of pyrimethamine resistance. The most frequent pathway (S108N and then C59R, N51I, and I164L) accounts for more than half of the simulated realizations. Our results also suggest an explanation for why I164L is detected in Southeast Asia and South America, but not at significant frequencies in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena R. Lozovsky
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Thanat Chookajorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kyle M. Brown
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Mallika Imwong
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Philip J. Shaw
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Daniel L. Hartl
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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17
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Alyar S, Karacan N. Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity and structure–activity relationships of new aryldisulfonamides. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 24:986-92. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360802561220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Alyar
- Gazi University, Science-Art Faculty, Chemistry Department, 06500 Ankara TURKEY
| | - Nurcan Karacan
- Gazi University, Science-Art Faculty, Chemistry Department, 06500 Ankara TURKEY
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18
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Girgis HS, Hottes AK, Tavazoie S. Genetic architecture of intrinsic antibiotic susceptibility. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5629. [PMID: 19462005 PMCID: PMC2680486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic exposure rapidly selects for more resistant bacterial strains, and both a drug's chemical structure and a bacterium's cellular network affect the types of mutations acquired. Methodology/Principal Findings To better characterize the genetic determinants of antibiotic susceptibility, we exposed a transposon-mutagenized library of Escherichia coli to each of 17 antibiotics that encompass a wide range of drug classes and mechanisms of action. Propagating the library for multiple generations with drug concentrations that moderately inhibited the growth of the isogenic parental strain caused the abundance of strains with even minor fitness advantages or disadvantages to change measurably and reproducibly. Using a microarray-based genetic footprinting strategy, we then determined the quantitative contribution of each gene to E. coli's intrinsic antibiotic susceptibility. We found both loci whose removal increased general antibiotic tolerance as well as pathways whose down-regulation increased tolerance to specific drugs and drug classes. The beneficial mutations identified span multiple pathways, and we identified pairs of mutations that individually provide only minor decreases in antibiotic susceptibility but that combine to provide higher tolerance. Conclusions/Significance Our results illustrate that a wide-range of mutations can modulate the activity of many cellular resistance processes and demonstrate that E. coli has a large mutational target size for increasing antibiotic tolerance. Furthermore, the work suggests that clinical levels of antibiotic resistance might develop through the sequential accumulation of chromosomal mutations of small individual effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany S. Girgis
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Alison K. Hottes
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Saeed Tavazoie
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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20
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Miranda JM, Vázquez BI, Fente CA, Barros-Velázquez J, Cepeda A, Franco CM. Evolution of resistance in poultry intestinal Escherichia coli during three commonly used antimicrobial therapeutic treatments in poultry. Poult Sci 2008; 87:1643-8. [PMID: 18648061 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2007-00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance rates of intestinal Escherichia coli populations from poultry were determined during treatment and withdrawal period with 3 antimicrobial agents commonly used as therapeutics in poultry medicine. A total of 108 chickens were considered: 18 were treated orally with enrofloxacin, 18 with doxycycline, and 18 with sulfonamides, whereas another 18 chickens were maintained as controls for each antimicrobial group. Fecal samples were taken during the treatment and after the withdrawal period, and E. coli were isolated through Fluorocult media plating. A total of 648 E. coli strains (216 per antimicrobial tested) were isolated and identified though biochemical methods. Minimal inhibitory concentrations to the antimicrobials used were also determined using a broth microdilution method. The resistance rates of intestinal E. coli to all of the antimicrobials tested significantly increased during the course of the therapeutic treatment. In addition, significant differences (P = 0.0136) in resistance rates persisted between the intestinal E. coli of the enrofloxacin-treated and control batches until the end of the withdrawal period, but this difference was not observed for the cases of doxycycline or sulfonamides treatments. Antimicrobial use in poultry medicine seems to select for antimicrobial-resistant strains of pathogenic bacterial species such as E. coli. In some cases, the higher frequencies of resistant strains may persist in the avian intestinal tract until the end of the withdrawal period, when it is legal to use these animals for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Miranda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departmento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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21
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Yıldırır Y, Us MF, Çolak N, Özkan H, Yavuz S, Disli A, Ozturk S, Turker L. The synthesis and investigation of the antimicrobial activity of some new phenylselanyl-1-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-1H-tetrazole derivatives. Med Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-008-9110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Botet J, Mateos L, Revuelta JL, Santos MA. A chemogenomic screening of sulfanilamide-hypersensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants uncovers ABZ2, the gene encoding a fungal aminodeoxychorismate lyase. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2007; 6:2102-11. [PMID: 17873082 PMCID: PMC2168415 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00266-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale phenotypic analyses have proved to be useful strategies in providing functional clues about the uncharacterized yeast genes. We used here a chemogenomic profiling of yeast deletion collections to identify the core of cellular processes challenged by treatment with the p-aminobenzoate/folate antimetabolite sulfanilamide. In addition to sulfanilamide-hypersensitive mutants whose deleted genes can be categorized into a number of groups, including one-carbon related metabolism, vacuole biogenesis and vesicular transport, DNA metabolic and cell cycle processes, and lipid and amino acid metabolism, two uncharacterized open reading frames (YHI9 and YMR289w) were also identified. A detailed characterization of YMR289w revealed that this gene was required for growth in media lacking p-aminobenzoic or folic acid and encoded a 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase, which is the last of the three enzymatic activities required for p-aminobenzoic acid biosynthesis. In light of these results, YMR289w was designated ABZ2, in accordance with the accepted nomenclature. ABZ2 was able to rescue the p-aminobenzoate auxotrophy of an Escherichia coli pabC mutant, thus demonstrating that ABZ2 and pabC are functional homologues. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Abz2p is the founder member of a new group of fungal 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyases that have no significant homology to its bacterial or plant counterparts. Abz2p appeared to form homodimers and dimerization was indispensable for its catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Botet
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto de Microbiología Bioquímica, Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Schlitzer M. Malaria Chemotherapeutics Part I: History of Antimalarial Drug Development, Currently Used Therapeutics, and Drugs in Clinical Development. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:944-86. [PMID: 17530725 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Since ancient times, humankind has had to struggle against the persistent onslaught of pathogenic microorganisms. Nowadays, malaria is still the most important infectious disease worldwide. Considerable success in gaining control over malaria was achieved in the 1950s and 60s through landscaping measures, vector control with the insecticide DDT, and the widespread administration of chloroquine, the most important antimalarial agent ever. In the late 1960s, the final victory over malaria was believed to be within reach. However, the parasites could not be eradicated because they developed resistance against the most widely used and affordable drugs of that time. Today, cases of malaria infections are on the rise and have reached record numbers. This review gives a short description of the malaria disease, briefly addresses the history of antimalarial drug development, and focuses on drugs currently available for malaria therapy. The present knowledge regarding their mode of action and the mechanisms of resistance are explained, as are the attempts made by numerous research groups to overcome the resistance problem within classes of existing drugs and in some novel classes. Finally, this review covers all classes of antimalarials for which at least one drug candidate is in clinical development. Antimalarial agents that are solely in early development stages will be addressed in a separate review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schlitzer
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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24
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Djapa LY, Zelikson R, Delahodde A, Bolotin-Fukuhara M, Mazabraud A. Plasmodium vivax dihydrofolate reductase as a target of sulpha drugs. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2007; 256:105-11. [PMID: 16487326 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2005.00095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulpha drugs act as competitive inhibitors of p-amino benzoic acid, an intermediate in the de novo folate pathway. Dihydropteroate synthase condenses sulpha drugs into sulpha-dihydropteroate (sulpha-DHP), which competes with dihydrofolate, the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) substrate. This designates DHFR as a possible target of sulpha-DHP. We suggest here that Plasmodium vivax DHFR is indeed the in vivo target of sulpha drugs. The wild-type DHFR expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae leads to cell growth inhibition, while sensitivity to the drug is exacerbated in the mutants. Contrary to what is observed with sulphanilamide, methotrexate is less effective on P. vivax-DHFR mutants than on wild-type mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte Yimga Djapa
- Institut de Génétique et de Microbiologie, CNRS UMR 8621, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay Cedex, France
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25
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Badawi HM. Structural stability, S-O rotational barrier and vibrational analyses of monomeric non-planar halosulfonic acids X-SO2-OH (X=F, Cl and Br). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2007; 66:194-8. [PMID: 16829176 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Accepted: 02/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The structural stability of halosulfonic acids X-SO2-OH (X=F, Cl and Br) were investigated by DFT-B3LYP/6-311+G** and ab initio MP2/6-311+G** calculations. The potential energy curve for the XSOH internal rotation around S-O bond was consistent with one minimum that corresponds to non-linear structure with XSOH torsional angle of about 80 degrees . The vibrational frequencies were computed at DFT-B3LYP level for the stable non-planar structure of the three molecules. Normal coordinate calculations were then carried out and the potential energy distributions (PED) were calculated for the molecules. On the basis of PED values and comparison with experimental data reliable assignments were provided for normal modes of fluoro-, chloro- and bromosulfonic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M Badawi
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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26
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Badawi HM. Vibrational analyses of sulfamoyl halides NH2SO2X (X is F, Cl and Br). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2006; 65:453-8. [PMID: 16530000 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2005.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2005] [Accepted: 10/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The structural stability of sulfamoyl halides NH(2)-SO(2)X (X is F, Cl and Br) were investigated by DFT-B3LYP/6-311+G** and ab initio MP2/6-311+G** calculations. From the calculations the molecules were predicted to exist only in the anti (XS bond is anti with respect to nitrogen lone pair) conformation with the possibility of very low abundance of the syn (SO(2) and NH(2) groups eclipse each other) form of only the fluoride. The equilibrium constant for the syn<-->anti conformational conversion of sulfamoyl fluoride was calculated to be 0.0172 that corresponds to an equilibrium mixture of about 2% syn and 98% anti at 298.15K. The vibrational frequencies were computed at DFT-B3LYP level for the stable anti conformer of the d(0) and d(2) (ND(2)-SO(2)X) deuterated species of the three molecules. Normal coordinate calculations were then carried out and the potential energy distributions were calculated for the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M Badawi
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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27
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Yuthavong Y, Kamchonwongpaisan S, Leartsakulpanich U, Chitnumsub P. Folate metabolism as a source of molecular targets for antimalarials. Future Microbiol 2006; 1:113-25. [PMID: 17661690 DOI: 10.2217/17460913.1.1.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate metabolism of the malaria parasites provides two targets for current antimalarials: dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase. Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors have been used as antimalarials over the past few decades, often in combination with dihydropteroate synthase inhibitors. Resistance to these antifolate drugs developed through mutations in both target enzymes. However, limited mutation possibilities gave opportunities for the development of new drugs. Furthermore, other enzymes in the folate and related pathways are potential new targets that remain to be exploited. These include thymidylate synthase, an enzyme fused with dihydrofolate reductase in the same protein chain, serine hydroxymethyltransferase, methylene tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, methionine synthase and enzymes in the glycine cleavage pathway.
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Nduati E, Hunt S, Kamau EM, Nzila A. 2,4-diaminopteridine-based compounds as precursors for de novo synthesis of antifolates: a novel class of antimalarials. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49:3652-7. [PMID: 16127035 PMCID: PMC1195384 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.9.3652-3657.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have tested the hypothesis that 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxymethyl-pteridine (DAP), 2,4-diaminopteroic acid (DAPA), and 2,4 diamino-N10-methyl-pteroic acid (DAMPA) could be converted into aminopterin (from DAP and DAPA) and methotrexate (from DAMPA), both of which are potent inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, a proven drug target for Plasmodium falciparum. DAP, DAPA, and DAMPA inhibited parasite growth in the micromolar range; DAMPA was the most active, with 50% inhibitory concentrations in vitro of 446 ng/ml against the antifolate-sensitive strain and 812 ng/ml against the highly resistant strain under physiological folate conditions. DAMPA potentiates the activity of the sulfone dapsone, an inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthase, but not that of chlorcycloguanil, a known inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Experiments with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain dependent upon the P. falciparum DHFR enzyme showed that DHFR is a target of DAMPA in that system. We hypothesize that DAMPA is converted to methotrexate by the parasite dihydrofolate synthase, which explains the synergy of DAMPA with dapsone but not with chlorcycloguanil. This de novo synthesis will not occur in the host, since it lacks the complete folate pathway. If this hypothesis holds true, the de novo synthesis of the toxic compounds could be used as a framework for the search for novel potent antimalarial antifolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Nduati
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Program, Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 43640, GPO 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Bouchez LC, Turks M, Dubbaka SR, Fonquerne F, Craita C, Laclef S, Vogel P. Sulfur dioxide mediated one-pot, four-component synthesis of polyfunctional sulfones and sulfonamides, including medium-ring cyclic derivatives. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
As in centuries past, the main weapon against human malaria infections continues to be intervention with drugs, despite the widespread and increasing frequency of parasite populations that are resistant to one or more of the available compounds. This is a particular problem with the lethal species of parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, which claims some two million lives per year as well as causing enormous social and economic problems. Amongst the antimalarial drugs currently in clinical use, the antifolates have the best defined molecular targets, namely the enzymes dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS), which function in the folate metabolic pathway. The products of this pathway, reduced folate cofactors, are essential for DNA synthesis and the metabolism of certain amino acids. Moreover, their formation and interconversions involve a number of other enzymes that have not as yet been exploited as drug targets. Antifolates are of major importance as they currently represent the only inexpensive regime for combating chloroquine-resistant malaria, and are now first-line drugs in a number of African countries. Aspects of our understanding of this pathway and antifolate drug resistance are reviewed here, with a particular emphasis on approaches to analysing the details of, and balance between, folate biosynthesis by the parasite and salvage of pre-formed folate from exogenous sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Hyde
- Faculty of life Sciences, University of Manchester, P.O. Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK.
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31
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Badawi HM. Vibrational analyses of vinylsulfonamide CH2CHSO2NH2. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2005; 61:1445-1451. [PMID: 15820877 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2004.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2004] [Accepted: 10/22/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The structure and conformational stability of vinylsulfonamide CH2CHSO2NH2 were investigated by DFT-B3LYP/6-311+G** and ab initio MP2/6-311+G** calculations. From the calculations the molecule was predicted to exist predominantly in the gauche-syn (vinyl group nearly eclipses one of the SO bonds and the NH2 and the SO2 moieties eclipse each other) conformation with the possibility of low abundance of the cis-syn and the gauche-anti forms. The asymmetric potential function for the internal rotation about CS bond was determined for the molecule. The vibrational frequencies were computed at DFT-B3LYP level for the gauche-syn conformer of the molecule and its d2(C2H3SO2ND2) and d3(C2D3SO2NH2) deuterated species. Normal coordinate calculations were then carried out and the potential energy distributions were calculated for the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M Badawi
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), P.O. Box 125, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M Kompis
- ARPIDA Ltd, Dammstrasse 36, 4142 Münchenstein, Switzerland
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33
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de Lima DC, Alvarez Abreu P, de Freitas CC, Santos DO, Borges RO, dos Santos TC, Mendes Cabral L, Rodrigues CR, Castro HC. Snake Venom: Any Clue for Antibiotics and CAM? EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2005; 2:39-47. [PMID: 15841277 PMCID: PMC1062156 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neh063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2004] [Revised: 12/30/2004] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Lately several naturally occurring peptides presenting antimicrobial activity have been described in the literature. However, snake venoms, which are an enormous source of peptides, have not been fully explored for searching such molecules. The aim of this work is to review the basis of antimicrobial mechanisms revealing snake venom as a feasible source for searching an antibiotic prototype. Therefore, it includes (i) a description of the constituents of the snake venoms involved in their main biological effects during the envenomation process; (ii) examples of snake venom molecules of commercial use; (iii) mechanisms of action of known antibiotics; and (iv) how the microorganisms can be resistant to antibiotics. This review also shows that snake venoms are not totally unexplored sources for antibiotics and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivy Clementino de Lima
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Modelagem Molecular (LaBioMol), Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal FluminenseCEP 24001-970, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paula Alvarez Abreu
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Modelagem Molecular (LaBioMol), Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal FluminenseCEP 24001-970, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cícero Carlos de Freitas
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Modelagem Molecular (LaBioMol), Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal FluminenseCEP 24001-970, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dilvani Oliveira Santos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Modelagem Molecular (LaBioMol), Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal FluminenseCEP 24001-970, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Oliveira Borges
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Modelagem Molecular (LaBioMol), Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal FluminenseCEP 24001-970, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcio Mendes Cabral
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em SaúdeFundação Oswaldo Cruz, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroCEP 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Helena Carla Castro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Modelagem Molecular (LaBioMol), Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal FluminenseCEP 24001-970, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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34
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Bouchez LC, Dubbaka SR, Turks M, Vogel P. Sulfur Dioxide Mediated One-Pot, Three- and Four-Component Syntheses of Polyfunctional Sulfonamides and Sulfonic Esters: Study of the Stereoselectivity of the Ene Reaction of Sulfur Dioxide. J Org Chem 2004; 69:6413-8. [PMID: 15357602 DOI: 10.1021/jo049047j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ene reaction of sulfur dioxide with enoxysilanes or with allylsilanes generates silyl sulfinates that can be brominated (Br(2) or NBS) or chlorinated (NCS or Cl(2)) to produce the corresponding sulfonyl halides. They react with primary and secondary amines or alcohols to give the corresponding sulfonamides and sulfonic esters, respectively. The hetero-Diels-Alder addition of sulfur dioxide to 1-oxy- or 1,3-dioxy-1,3-dienes generates zwitterions that add to enoxysilanes or allylsilanes giving silyl sulfinates that can be converted in situ into polyfunctional sulfonamides or sulfonic esters. This realizes quick access to libraries of complicated sulfonamides and sulfonic esters applying one-pot, three- and four-component methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure C Bouchez
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), BCH, CH-1015 Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland
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35
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Patel O, Karnik K, Macreadie IG. Over-production of dihydrofolate reductase leads to sulfa-dihydropteroate resistance in yeast. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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36
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Berglez J, Iliades P, Sirawaraporn W, Coloe P, Macreadie I. Analysis in Escherichia coli of Plasmodium falciparum dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) alleles implicated in resistance to sulfadoxine. Int J Parasitol 2004; 34:95-100. [PMID: 14711594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2003.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydropteroate synthase have been linked to resistance to the antimalarial drug, sulfadoxine, which competes with the dihydropteroate synthase substrate, p-aminobenzoate. In an effort to evaluate the role of these mutations in a simple model system, we have expressed six relevant alleles of the P. falciparum dihydropteroate synthase gene in Escherichia coli. When each construct was produced in a dihydropteroate synthase disrupted E. coli strain that required thymidine, the thymidine requirement was lost, indicating heterologous complementation had occurred. In the presence of sulfadoxine, the growth of the strain with the wild-type dihydropteroate synthase allele was inhibited while those containing each of the five mutant alleles grew, indicating that these mutations can confer sulfadoxine resistance in E. coli. When tested against twelve additional 'sulfa' drugs a variety of responses were obtained. All strains were resistant to sulfadiazine, but the wild-type allele conferred sensitivity to all other sulfa drugs. Three alleles conferred resistance to dapsone, a drug that is to be targetted for a new regime of malaria treatment in Africa. All mutant alleles remained sensitive to sulfachloropyridazine and sulfacetamide. These results suggest new drugs that could be tried for effective malaria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette Berglez
- Biomolecular Research Institute, CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia
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37
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Biagini GA, O'Neill PM, Nzila A, Ward SA, Bray PG. Antimalarial chemotherapy: young guns or back to the future? Trends Parasitol 2003; 19:479-87. [PMID: 14580958 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2003.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo A Biagini
- Division of Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
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