1
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Fan N, Zhang L, Wang Z, Ding H, Yue Z. Ivermectin Inhibits Bladder Cancer Cell Growth and Induces Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:348-357. [PMID: 38375808 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206274095231106042833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system. Nevertheless, current therapies do not provide satisfactory results. It is imperative that novel strategies should be developed for treating bladder cancer. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of a broad-spectrum anti-parasitic agent, Ivermectin, on bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS CCK-8 and EdU incorporation assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, TUNEL assay, and western blotting. Flow cytometry and DCFH-DA assay were used to analyze the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. DNA damage was determined by Neutral COMET assay and γ H2AX expression. Proteins related to apoptosis and DNA damage pathways were determined by WB assay. Xenograft tumor models in nude mice were used to investigate the anti-cancer effect of Ivermectin in vivo. RESULTS Our study showed that in vitro and in vivo, Ivermectin inhibited the growth of bladder cancer cells. In addition, Ivermectin could induce apoptosis, ROS production, DNA damage, and activate ATM/P53 pathwayrelated proteins in bladder cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS According to these findings, Ivermectin may be a potential therapeutic candidate against bladder cancer due to its significant anti-cancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Fan
- Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Gansu Urological Diseases, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Lixiu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Gansu. Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Gansu Urological Diseases, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Gansu Urological Diseases, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zhongjin Yue
- Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Gansu Urological Diseases, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
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2
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Sulik M, Antoszczak M, Huczyński A, Steverding D. Antiparasitic activity of ivermectin: Four decades of research into a "wonder drug". Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115838. [PMID: 37793327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases still pose a serious threat to human and animal health, particularly for millions of people and their livelihoods in low-income countries. Therefore, research into the development of effective antiparasitic drugs remains a priority. Ivermectin, a sixteen-membered macrocyclic lactone, exhibits a broad spectrum of antiparasitic activities, which, combined with its low toxicity, has allowed the drug to be widely used in the treatment of parasitic diseases affecting humans and animals. In addition to its licensed use against river blindness and strongyloidiasis in humans, and against roundworm and arthropod infestations in animals, ivermectin is also used "off-label" to treat many other worm-related parasitic diseases, particularly in domestic animals. In addition, several experimental studies indicate that ivermectin displays also potent activity against viruses, bacteria, protozoans, trematodes, and insects. This review article summarizes the last 40 years of research on the antiparasitic effects of ivermectin, and the use of the drug in the treatment of parasitic diseases in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Sulik
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61‒614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Antoszczak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61‒614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Huczyński
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61‒614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dietmar Steverding
- Bob Champion Research & Education Building, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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3
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Vottero P, Tavernini S, Santin AD, Scheim DE, Tuszynski JA, Aminpour M. Computational Prediction of the Interaction of Ivermectin with Fibrinogen. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11449. [PMID: 37511206 PMCID: PMC10380762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercoagulability and formation of extensive and difficult-to-lyse microclots are a hallmark of both acute COVID-19 and long COVID. Fibrinogen, when converted to fibrin, is responsible for clot formation, but abnormal structural and mechanical clot properties can lead to pathologic thrombosis. Recent experimental evidence suggests that the spike protein (SP) from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may directly bind to the blood coagulation factor fibrinogen and induce structurally abnormal blood clots with heightened proinflammatory activity. Accordingly, in this study, we used molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to explore the potential activity of the antiparasitic drug ivermectin (IVM) to prevent the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 SP to fibrinogen and reduce the occurrence of microclots. Our computational results indicate that IVM may bind with high affinity to multiple sites on the fibrinogen peptide, with binding more likely in the central, E region, and in the coiled-coil region, as opposed to the globular D region. Taken together, our in silico results suggest that IVM may interfere with SP-fibrinogen binding and, potentially, decrease the formation of fibrin clots resistant to degradation. Additional in vitro studies are warranted to validate whether IVM binding to fibrinogen is sufficiently stable to prevent interaction with the SP, and potentially reduce its thrombo-inflammatory effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Vottero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (P.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Scott Tavernini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada;
| | - Alessandro D. Santin
- Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208063, New Haven, CT 06520-8063, USA;
| | - David E. Scheim
- US Public Health Service, Commissioned Corps, Inactive Reserve, Blacksburg, VA 24060-6367, USA;
| | - Jack A. Tuszynski
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
- DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maral Aminpour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (P.V.); (M.A.)
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4
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Moshnenko N, Kazantsev A, Chupakhin E, Bakulina O, Dar'in D. Synthetic Routes to Approved Drugs Containing a Spirocycle. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104209. [PMID: 37241950 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of spirocycles in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry has been booming in the last two decades. This has clearly translated into the landscape of approved drugs. Among two dozen clinically used medicines containing a spirocycle, 50% have been approved in the 21st century. The present review focuses on the notable synthetic routes to such drugs invented in industry and academia, and is intended to serve as a useful reference source of synthetic as well as general drug information for researchers engaging in the design of new spirocyclic scaffolds for medicinal use or embarking upon analog syntheses inspired by the existing approved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Moshnenko
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Kazantsev
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny Chupakhin
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Olga Bakulina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 191036 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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5
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Suzuki N, Kambayashi R, Goto A, Izumi-Nakaseko H, Takei Y, Naito AT, Sugiyama A. Cardiovascular safety pharmacology of ivermectin assessed using the isoflurane-anesthetized beagle dogs: ICH S7B follow-up study. J Toxicol Sci 2023; 48:645-654. [PMID: 38044126 DOI: 10.2131/jts.48.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Antiparasitic ivermectin has been reported to induce cardiovascular adverse events, including orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia and cardiopulmonary arrest, of which the underlying pathophysiology remains unknown. Since its drug repurposing as an antiviral agent is underway at higher doses than those for antiparasitic, we evaluated the cardiovascular safety pharmacology of ivermectin using isoflurane-anesthetized beagle dogs (n=4). Ivermectin in doses of 0.1 followed by 1 mg/kg was intravenously infused over 10 min with an interval of 20 min, attaining peak plasma concentrations of 0.94 ± 0.04 and 8.82 ± 1.25 μg/mL, which were 29-31 and 276-288 times higher than those observed after its antiparasitic oral dose of 12 mg/body, respectively. The latter peak concentration was > 2 times greater than those inhibiting proliferation of dengue virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and hepatitis B virus in vitro. Ivermectin decreased heart rate without altering mean blood pressure, suggesting that ivermectin does not cause hypotension or tachycardia directly. Ivermectin hardly altered atrioventricular nodal or intraventricular conduction, indicating a lack of inhibitory action on Ca2+ or Na+ channel in vivo. Ivermectin prolonged QT interval/QTcV in a dose-related manner and tended to slow the repolarization speed in a reverse frequency-dependent manner, supporting previously described its IKr inhibition, which would explain Tpeak-Tend prolongation and heart-rate reduction in this study. Meanwhile, ivermectin did not significantly prolong J-Tpeakc or terminal repolarization period, indicating torsadogenic potential of ivermectin leading to the onset of cardiopulmonary arrest would be small. Thus, ivermectin has a broad range of cardiovascular safety profiles, which will help facilitate its drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University
- Division of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Ai Goto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University
| | | | - Yoshinori Takei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University
| | - Atsuhiko T Naito
- Division of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Atsushi Sugiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University
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6
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Hazan S. Microbiome-Based Hypothesis on Ivermectin's Mechanism in COVID-19: Ivermectin Feeds Bifidobacteria to Boost Immunity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:952321. [PMID: 35898916 PMCID: PMC9309549 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.952321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ivermectin is an anti-parasitic agent that has gained attention as a potential COVID-19 therapeutic. It is a compound of the type Avermectin, which is a fermented by-product of Streptomyces avermitilis. Bifidobacterium is a member of the same phylum as Streptomyces spp., suggesting it may have a symbiotic relation with Streptomyces. Decreased Bifidobacterium levels are observed in COVID-19 susceptibility states, including old age, autoimmune disorder, and obesity. We hypothesize that Ivermectin, as a by-product of Streptomyces fermentation, is capable of feeding Bifidobacterium, thereby possibly preventing against COVID-19 susceptibilities. Moreover, Bifidobacterium may be capable of boosting natural immunity, offering more direct COVID-19 protection. These data concord with our study, as well as others, that show Ivermectin protects against COVID-19.
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7
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Wolstenholme AJ, Neveu C. The avermectin/milbemycin receptors of parasitic nematodes. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 181:105010. [PMID: 35082033 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.105010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate-gated chloride channels are the most important target of ivermectin and related compounds in parasitic nematodes. A small family of genes encode subunits of these channels, allowing the assembly of multiple channel subtypes; the subunit composition of most of the native receptors is unknown. The members of the gene family vary between species, making extrapolation from C. elegans to parasites difficult. Expression of recombinant receptors in Xenopus oocytes can identify subunits that have the ability to co-assemble into novel channels, but localisation data, ideally at the single-cell level, is required to confirm that these subunits are expressed in the same cells and tissues. Fortunately, recent advances in this area are starting to make this information available; this information is adding to our understanding of how the drugs act and of the possible subunit combinations that create their targets in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Wolstenholme
- UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRAE Centre Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Cedric Neveu
- UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRAE Centre Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
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8
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Noack S, Harrington J, Carithers DS, Kaminsky R, Selzer PM. Heartworm disease - Overview, intervention, and industry perspective. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2021; 16:65-89. [PMID: 34030109 PMCID: PMC8163879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dirofilaria immitis, also known as heartworm, is a major parasitic threat for dogs and cats around the world. Because of its impact on the health and welfare of companion animals, heartworm disease is of huge veterinary and economic importance especially in North America, Europe, Asia and Australia. Within the animal health market many different heartworm preventive products are available, all of which contain active components of the same drug class, the macrocyclic lactones. In addition to compliance issues, such as under-dosing or irregular treatment intervals, the occurrence of drug-resistant heartworms within the populations in the Mississippi River areas adds to the failure of preventive treatments. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the disease, summarize the current disease control measures and highlight potential new avenues and best practices for treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Noack
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Binger Str. 173, 55216, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - John Harrington
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, 1730 Olympic Drive, 30601, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Douglas S Carithers
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, 3239 Satellite Blvd, 30096, Duluth, GA, USA
| | - Ronald Kaminsky
- paraC Consulting, Altenstein 13, 79685, Häg-Ehrsberg, Germany
| | - Paul M Selzer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Binger Str. 173, 55216, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany.
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9
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Molyneux DH, Asamoa-Bah A, Fenwick A, Savioli L, Hotez P. The history of the neglected tropical disease movement. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:169-175. [PMID: 33508096 PMCID: PMC7842098 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The history of the neglected tropical disease movement is seen through the lens of authors who worked during the last 4 decades in different roles and in different settings, from Western-based laboratories to clinical roles in endemic countries and in critical policy roles in the World Health Organization (WHO). The authors seek to identify key players from the introduction of the word 'neglected' by the late Kenneth Warren in his Rockefeller Foundation-supported Great Neglected Diseases of Mankind movement through to the more recent developments after the London Declaration of 2012. The role of the various actors-endemic countries, major pharmaceutical companies, the WHO, non-government development organizations, bilateral donors and academia-are discussed. The critical events and decisions are highlighted that were essential enabling factors in creating a viable and successful movement and with a resultant massive global public health and antipoverty impact. The importance of advocacy is emphasized in creating the momentum to establish a globally recognized public health 'brand' as a target in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Molyneux
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | | | - Alan Fenwick
- School of Public Health Imperial College Norfolk Place W2 1PG, UK
| | - Lorenzo Savioli
- P.O. Box 267, Chake Chake, Pemba Island, Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Peter Hotez
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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10
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Tan YJ, Ren YS, Gao L, Li LF, Cui LJ, Li B, Li X, Yang J, Wang MZ, Lv YY, Xu XL, Yao JC, Liu Z, Zhang GM, Li J. 28-Day Oral Chronic Toxicity Study of Arctigenin in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1077. [PMID: 30319414 PMCID: PMC6169246 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctium lappa (burdock) is the most popular daily edible vegetable in China and Japan because of its general health tonic effects. Previous studies focused on the beneficial role of Arctigenin but neglected its potential side-effects and toxicities. In the present study, the sub-chronic toxicity profile of Arctigenin following 28 days of consecutive exposure was investigated in rats. The results showed that during the drug exposure period, Arctigenin-12 mg/kg administration resulted in focal necrosis and lymphocytes infiltration of heart ventricular septal muscle cells. In the kidney cortical zone, the renal tubular epithelial cells were swollen, mineralized, and lymphocyte infiltrated. In the liver, the partial hepatocyte cytoplasm showed vacuolation and fatty changes, focal necrosis, and interstitial lymphocyte infiltration. In the rats that underwent 36 mg/kg/day administration, there was bilateral testis and epididymis atrophy. In the lung and primary bronchus, erythrocytes and edema fluid were observed. Changes of proestrus or estrus were observed in the uterus, cervix, and vagina intimal epithelial cells. Lymphocytic focal infiltration occurred in the prostate mesenchyme. The high dosage of Arctigenin only decreased the body weight at day 4. At the end of the recovery period, histopathological changes were irreversible, even after withdrawal of the drug for 28 days. Focal necrosis still existed in the heart ventricular septal muscle cells and hepatocytes. Lymphocyte infiltrations were observed in the heart, renal cortex, hepatocyte, and pancreas exocrine gland. Meanwhile, atrophy occurred in the testicles and pancreas. In addition, in the Arctigenin-12 mg/kg group, creatinine (CREA) and brain weight were both significantly increased. The toxicokinetical study demonstrated that Arctigenin accumulated in the organs of rats. The food consumption, hematological, and biochemical parameters were not associated with the above results. These contradictory results might result from the lesions induced by Arctigenin, which were not sufficiently serious to change the parameters. These results suggest that Arctium lappa should be consumed daily with caution because of the potential toxicity induced by Arctigenin. According to all results, the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) was induced by 12 mg/kg daily exposure to Arctigenin, and the No-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) should be lower than 12 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jun Tan
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Yu-Shan Ren
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Lan-Fang Li
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Li-Juan Cui
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Wang
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Lv
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xu
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Jing-Chun Yao
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Gui-Min Zhang
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Jie Li
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
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11
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Boggia L, Pignata G, Sgorbini B, Colombo ML, Marengo A, Casale M, Nicola S, Bicchi C, Rubiolo P. Artemisia umbelliformis Lam. and Génépi Liqueur: Volatile Profile as Diagnostic Marker for Geographic Origin and To Predict Liqueur Safety. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2849-2856. [PMID: 28276694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia umbelliformis, commonly known as "white génépi", is characterized by a volatile fraction rich in α- and β-thujones, two monoterpenoids; under European Union (EU) regulations these are limited to 35 mg/L in Artemisia-based beverages because of their recognized activity on the human central nervous system. This study reports the results of an investigation to define the geographical origin and thujone content of individual plants of A. umbelliformis from different geographical sites, cultivated experimentally at a single site, and to predict the thujone content in the resulting liqueurs through their volatile fraction. Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and non-separative HS-SPME-MS were used as analytical platforms to create a database suitable for chemometric description and prediction through linear discriminant analysis (LDA). HS-SPME-MS was applied to shorten analysis time. With both approaches, a diagnostic prediction of (i) plant geographical origin and (ii) thujone content of plant-related liqueurs could be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Boggia
- Department of Drug Science and Technology (DSTF), University of Turin , Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pignata
- Vegetable Crops & Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, VEGMAP; Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, DISAFA, University of Turin , Via Leonardo da Vinci 44 - Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Barbara Sgorbini
- Department of Drug Science and Technology (DSTF), University of Turin , Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Colombo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology (DSTF), University of Turin , Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Arianna Marengo
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari , Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Manuela Casale
- Vegetable Crops & Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, VEGMAP; Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, DISAFA, University of Turin , Via Leonardo da Vinci 44 - Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Silvana Nicola
- Vegetable Crops & Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, VEGMAP; Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, DISAFA, University of Turin , Via Leonardo da Vinci 44 - Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology (DSTF), University of Turin , Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology (DSTF), University of Turin , Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Laing R, Gillan V, Devaney E. Ivermectin - Old Drug, New Tricks? Trends Parasitol 2017; 33:463-472. [PMID: 28285851 PMCID: PMC5446326 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ivermectin is one of the most important drugs in veterinary and human medicine for the control of parasitic infection and was the joint focus of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, some 35 years after its remarkable discovery. Although best described for its activity on glutamate-gated chloride channels in parasitic nematodes, understanding of its mode of action remains incomplete. In the field of veterinary medicine, resistance to ivermectin is now widespread, but the mechanisms underlying resistance are unresolved. Here we discuss the history of this versatile drug and its use in global health. Based on recent studies in a variety of systems, we question whether ivermectin could have additional modes of action on parasitic nematodes. Ligand-gated ion channels, particularly glutamate-gated chloride channels, are well characterised as the targets of IVM in nematodes and insects. Nematode genomes are helping to cast light on the diversity of ion-channel subunits in different parasite species of human and veterinary importance. Resistance to IVM is an increasing problem in the control of parasitic nematodes, and resolving the mechanisms is an important research priority. Recent studies in other biological systems suggest that IVM can affect a number of additional pathways. IVM may have novel applications in the treatment and control of important human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roz Laing
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Victoria Gillan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Eileen Devaney
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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Ma D, Li G, Zhu Y, Xie DY. Overexpression and Suppression of Artemisia annua 4-Hydroxy-3-Methylbut-2-enyl Diphosphate Reductase 1 Gene ( AaHDR1) Differentially Regulate Artemisinin and Terpenoid Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:77. [PMID: 28197158 PMCID: PMC5281613 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
4-Hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase (HDR) catalyzes the last step of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4- phosphate (MEP) pathway to synthesize isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). To date, little is known regarding effects of an increase or a decrease of a HDR expression on terpenoid and other metabolite profiles in plants. In our study, an Artemisia annua HDR cDNA (namely AaHDR1) was cloned from leaves. Expression profiling showed that it was highly expressed in leaves, roots, stems, and flowers with different levels. Green florescence protein fusion and confocal microscope analyses showed that AaHDR1 was localized in chloroplasts. The overexpression of AaHDR1 increased contents of artemisinin, arteannuin B and other sesquiterpenes, and multiple monoterpenes. By contrast, the suppression of AaHDR1 by anti-sense led to opposite results. In addition, an untargeted metabolic profiling showed that the overexpression and suppression altered non-polar metabolite profiles. In conclusion, the overexpression and suppression of AaHDR1 protein level in plastids differentially affect artemisinin and other terpenoid biosynthesis, and alter non-polar metabolite profiles of A. annua. Particularly, its overexpression leading to the increase of artemisinin production is informative to future metabolic engineering of this antimalarial medicine.
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Brewer TF. Undergraduate Global Health Degrees: The Time is Right. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 96:7-8. [PMID: 27956655 PMCID: PMC5239712 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F Brewer
- UCLA Office of the Vice Provost, Interdisciplinary and Cross Campus Affairs, Los Angeles, California
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15
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Eckhardt K, Zeller KP, Siehl HU, Berger S, Sicker D. Ein Wirkstoff gegen Malaria aus der Natur: Artemisinin. CHEM UNSERER ZEIT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.201600762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Opportunities for Integrated Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases That Affect the Skin. Trends Parasitol 2016; 32:843-854. [PMID: 27638231 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Many neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect the skin, causing considerable disability, stigma, and exacerbation of poverty. However, there has been relatively little investment into laboratory research, epidemiology, diagnostic tools or management strategies to control tropical skin disease. Integration may advance the control of skin disease across a range of domains, including mapping, diagnosis, clinical management, and community control measures such as mass drug administration. Examples of successful integration strategies include programs targeting scabies, impetigo, yaws, and diseases causing lymphoedema. Future strategies should build on these experiences and the experience of integration of other NTDs, strengthen existing health systems, and contribute toward the attainment of Universal Health Coverage. Strong partnerships and political support and will be necessary to achieve these goals.
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17
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StrongNet: An International Network to Improve Diagnostics and Access to Treatment for Strongyloidiasis Control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004898. [PMID: 27607192 PMCID: PMC5015896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Nakabayashi R, Saito K. Ultrahigh resolution metabolomics for S-containing metabolites. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 43:8-16. [PMID: 27459328 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The advent of the genome-editing era greatly increases the opportunities for synthetic biology research that aims to enhance production of potentially useful bioactive metabolites in heterologous hosts. A wide variety of sulfur (S)-containing metabolites (S-metabolites) are known to possess bioactivities and health-promoting properties, but finding them and their chemical assignment using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has been difficult. In this review, we highlight recent advances on the targeted metabolomic analysis of S-metabolites (S-omics) in plants using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. The use of exact mass and signal intensity differences between 32S-containing monoisotopic ions and counterpart 34S isotopic ions exploits an entirely new method to characterize S-metabolites. Finally, we discuss the availability of S-omics for synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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Artemisia annua, artemisinin, and the Nobel Prize: beauty of natural products and educational significance. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0989-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tambo E, Khater EIM, Chen JH, Bergquist R, Zhou XN. Nobel prize for the artemisinin and ivermectin discoveries: a great boost towards elimination of the global infectious diseases of poverty. Infect Dis Poverty 2015; 4:58. [PMID: 26708575 PMCID: PMC4692067 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-015-0091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) made a marked transformation for neglected and vulnerable communities in the developing countries from the start, but infectious diseases of poverty (IDoPs) continue to inflict a disproportionate global public health burden with associated consequences, thereby contributing to the vicious cycle of poverty and inequity. However, the effectiveness and large-scale coverage of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) have revolutionized malaria treatment just as the control of lymphatic filariasis (LF) and onchocerciasis have benefitted from harnessing the broad-spectrum effect of avermectin-based derivatives. The paradigm shift in therapeutic approach, effected by these two drugs and their impact on community-based interventions of parasitic diseases plaguing the endemic low- and middle-income countries (LIMCs), led to the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. However, the story would not be complete without mentioning praziquantel. The huge contribution of this drug in modernizing the control of schistosomiasis and also some intestinal helminth infections had already shifted the focus from control to potential elimination of this disease. Together, these new drugs have provided humankind with powerful new tools for the alleviation of infectious diseases that humans have lived with since time immemorial. These drugs all have broad-spectrum effects, yet they are very safe and can even be packaged together in various combinations. The strong effect on so many of the great infectious scourges in the developing countries has not only had a remarkable influence on many endemic diseases, but also contributed to improving the cost structure of healthcare. Significant benefits include improved quality of preventive and curative medicine, promotion of community-based interventions, universal health coverage and the fostering of global partnerships. The laudable progress and benefits achieved are indispensable in championing, strengthening and moving forward elimination of the IDoPs. However, there is an urgent need for further innovative, contextual and integrated approaches along with the advent of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), replacing the MDGs in ensuring global health security, well-being and economic prosperity for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Tambo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon. .,Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Africa Disease Intelligence and Surveillance, Communication and Response Foundation (Africa DISCoR), Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,Center for Sustainable Malaria Control, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Emad I M Khater
- Public Health Pests Laboratory, Jeddah Municipality, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jun-Hu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China. .,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
| | | | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- Public Health Pests Laboratory, Jeddah Municipality, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. .,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
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