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Marquereau L, Yamada H, Damiens D, Leclercq A, Derepas B, Brengues C, Dain BW, Lejarre Q, Proudhon M, Bouyer J, Gouagna LC. Upscaling irradiation protocols of Aedes albopictus pupae within an SIT program in Reunion Island. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12117. [PMID: 38802536 PMCID: PMC11130285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The implementation of the sterile insect technique against Aedes albopictus relies on many parameters, in particular on the success of the sterilization of males to be released into the target area in overflooding numbers to mate with wild females. Achieving consistent sterility levels requires efficient and standardized irradiation protocols. Here, we assessed the effects of exposure environment, density of pupae, irradiation dose, quantity of water and location in the canister on the induced sterility of male pupae. We found that the irradiation of 2000 pupae in 130 ml of water and with a dose of 40 Gy was the best combination of factors to reliably sterilize male pupae with the specific irradiator used in our control program, allowing the sterilization of 14000 pupae per exposure cycle. The location in the canister had no effect on induced sterility. The results reported here allowed the standardization and optimization of irradiation protocols for a Sterile Insect Technique program to control Ae. albopictus on Reunion Island, which required the production of more than 300,000 sterile males per week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Marquereau
- UMR Mivegec (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, Représentation IRD la Réunion - PTU, 97495, Sainte Clotilde Cedex, La Réunion, France.
| | - Hanano Yamada
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA Vienna, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Damiens
- UMR Mivegec (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, Représentation IRD la Réunion - PTU, 97495, Sainte Clotilde Cedex, La Réunion, France
| | - Antonin Leclercq
- UMR Mivegec (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, Représentation IRD la Réunion - PTU, 97495, Sainte Clotilde Cedex, La Réunion, France
| | - Brice Derepas
- UMR Mivegec (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, Représentation IRD la Réunion - PTU, 97495, Sainte Clotilde Cedex, La Réunion, France
| | - Cécile Brengues
- UMR Mivegec (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, Représentation IRD la Réunion - PTU, 97495, Sainte Clotilde Cedex, La Réunion, France
| | - Brice William Dain
- UMR Mivegec (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, Représentation IRD la Réunion - PTU, 97495, Sainte Clotilde Cedex, La Réunion, France
| | - Quentin Lejarre
- UMR Mivegec (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, Représentation IRD la Réunion - PTU, 97495, Sainte Clotilde Cedex, La Réunion, France
| | - Mickael Proudhon
- UMR Mivegec (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, Représentation IRD la Réunion - PTU, 97495, Sainte Clotilde Cedex, La Réunion, France
| | - Jeremy Bouyer
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA Vienna, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400, Vienna, Austria
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, 34398, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Louis Clément Gouagna
- UMR Mivegec (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, Représentation IRD la Réunion - PTU, 97495, Sainte Clotilde Cedex, La Réunion, France.
- UMR Mivegec, IRD-Délégation Régionale Occitanie, 34394, Montpellier, France.
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Balatsos G, Karras V, Puggioli A, Balestrino F, Bellini R, Papachristos DP, Milonas PG, Papadopoulos NT, Malfacini M, Carrieri M, Kapranas A, Mamai W, Mastronikolos G, Lytra I, Bouyer J, Michaelakis A. Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) field trial targeting the suppression of Aedes albopictus in Greece. Parasite 2024; 31:17. [PMID: 38530210 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The sterile insect technique (SIT) involves releasing large numbers of sterile males to outcompete wild males in mating with females, leading to a decline in pest populations. In the current study, we conducted a suppression trial in Greece against the invasive dengue vector mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse) through the weekly release of sterile males for 22 weeks from June to September 2019. Our approach included the long-distance transport of sterile mosquitoes, and their release at a density of 2,547 ± 159 sterile males per hectare per week as part of an area-wide integrated pest management strategy (AW-IPM). The repeated releases of sterile males resulted in a gradual reduction in egg density, reaching 78% from mid-June to early September. This reduction remained between 70% and 78% for four weeks after the end of the releases. Additionally, in the SIT intervention area, the ovitrap index, representing the percentage of traps containing eggs, remained lower throughout the trial than in the control area. This trial represents a significant advance in the field of mosquito control, as it explores the viability and efficacy of producing and transporting sterile males from a distant facility to the release area. Our results provide valuable insights for future SIT programmes targeting Ae. Albopictus, and the methodology we employed can serve as a starting point for developing more refined and effective release protocols, including the transportation of sterile males over long distances from production units to intervention areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Balatsos
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Vasileios Karras
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Arianna Puggioli
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente "G. Nicoli", 40014 Crevalcore, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Balestrino
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, A-2444 Vienna, Austria
| | - Romeo Bellini
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente "G. Nicoli", 40014 Crevalcore, Italy
| | - Dimitrios P Papachristos
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Panagiotis G Milonas
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Nikos T Papadopoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Magnisias, Greece
| | - Marco Malfacini
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente "G. Nicoli", 40014 Crevalcore, Italy
| | - Marco Carrieri
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente "G. Nicoli", 40014 Crevalcore, Italy
| | - Apostolos Kapranas
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology (Entomology), School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Wadaka Mamai
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, A-2444 Vienna, Austria
| | - George Mastronikolos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Magnisias, Greece
| | - Ioanna Lytra
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, A-2444 Vienna, Austria - ASTRE, CIRAD, 34398 Montpellier, France - ASTRE, Cirad, INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Antonios Michaelakis
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Kifissia, Greece
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Balestrino F, Bimbilé Somda NS, Samuel M, Meletiou S, Bueno O, Wallner T, Yamada H, Mamai W, Vreysen MJB, Bouyer J. Mass irradiation of adult Aedes mosquitoes using a coolable 3D printed canister. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4358. [PMID: 38388700 PMCID: PMC10884024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the use of the sterile insect technique (SIT) to suppress mosquito vectors have rapidly expanded in many countries facing the complexities of scaling up production and procedures to sustain large-scale operational programs. While many solutions have been proposed to improve mass production, sex separation and field release procedures, relatively little attention has been devoted to effective mass sterilization of mosquitoes. Since irradiation of pupae en masse has proven difficult to standardise with several variables affecting dose response uniformity, the manipulation of adult mosquitoes appears to be the most promising method to achieve effective and reliable sterilization of large quantities of mosquitoes. A 3D-printed phase change material based coolable canister was developed which can compact, immobilize and hold around 100,000 adult mosquitoes during mass radio sterilization procedures. The mass irradiation and compaction treatments affected the survival and the flight ability of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti adult males but the use of the proposed irradiation canister under chilled conditions (6.7-11.3 °C) significantly improved their quality and performance. The use of this cooled canister will facilitate adult mass irradiation procedures in self-contained irradiators in operational mosquito SIT programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Balestrino
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, 1400, Vienna, Austria.
| | - N S Bimbilé Somda
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, 1400, Vienna, Austria
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Science et Technologie (UFR/ST), Université Norbert ZONGO (UNZ), BP 376, Koudougou, Burkina Faso
| | - M Samuel
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, 1400, Vienna, Austria
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa
| | - S Meletiou
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, 1400, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 3020, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - O Bueno
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Wallner
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Yamada
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - W Mamai
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - M J B Vreysen
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Bouyer
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, 1400, Vienna, Austria
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, 34398, Montpellier, France
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Tussey DA, Morreale R, Carvalho DO, Stenhouse S, Lloyd AM, Hoel DF, Hahn DA. Developing methods for chilling, compacting, and sterilizing adult Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and comparing mating competitiveness between males sterilized as adults versus pupae for sterile male release. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:1038-1047. [PMID: 37341187 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti L., can transmit several pathogens responsible for human diseases. With insecticide resistance development becoming a concern, alternative control strategies are needed for Ae. aegypti. Sterile insect technique (SIT) is an increasingly popular option being explored. However, logistical issues in mass production and sterilization make it difficult to maintain a SIT program. Male mosquitoes are typically irradiated as pupae because this is the earliest developmental point at which females can be separated from males, but asynchrony in pupation and high variability in pupal responses to irradiation based on pupal age make it difficult to sterilize mass quantities of pupae on a regular schedule in a rearing facility. Young adult mosquitoes have wider windows for irradiation sterilization than pupae, which can allow facilities to have fixed schedules for irradiation. We produced a workflow for adult Ae. aegypti irradiation in a mosquito control district with an operational SIT program that currently irradiates pupae. The impacts of chilling, compaction, and radiation dose on survival were all assessed before combining them into a complete adult irradiation protocol. Males chilled up to 16 h prior to compaction and compacted to 100 males/cm3 during radiation resulted in low mortality. Males irradiated as adults had increased longevity and similar sterility compared to males irradiated as pupae. Additionally, males sterilized as adults were more sexually competitive than males sterilized as pupae. Thus, we have shown that irradiating adult males can be a viable option to increase the efficiency of this operational mosquito SIT program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A Tussey
- Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Parlier, CA, USA
| | | | - Danilo O Carvalho
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Insect Pest Control Section, Siebersdorf, Austria
| | | | - Aaron M Lloyd
- Lee County Mosquito Control District, Lehigh Acres, FL, USA
| | - David F Hoel
- Lee County Mosquito Control District, Lehigh Acres, FL, USA
| | - Daniel A Hahn
- Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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5
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Caputo B, Moretti R, Virgillito C, Manica M, Lampazzi E, Lombardi G, Serini P, Pichler V, Beebe NW, Della Torre A, Calvitti M. A bacterium against the tiger: further evidence of the potential of noninundative releases of males with manipulated Wolbachia infection in reducing fertility of Aedes albopictus field populations in Italy. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3167-3176. [PMID: 37022600 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incompatible insect technique (IIT) is a population suppression approach based on the release of males with manipulated Wolbachia infection inducing egg inviability in wild females. We here present results of multiple field releases of incompatible ARwP males carried out in 2019 in a 2.7-ha green area within urban Rome (Italy) to assess the effect on Aedes albopictus egg viability. Data are compared with results obtained in 2018, when the approach was tested for the first time in Europe. RESULTS An average of 4674 ARwP males were released weekly for 7 weeks, resulting in a mean ARwP:wild male ratio of 1.1:1 (versus 0.7:1 in 2018). Egg-viability dynamics in ovitraps significantly varied between treated and control sites, with an estimated overall reduction of 35% (versus 15% in 2018). The estimated proportion of females classified as mated with ARwP males was 41.8% and the viability rate of eggs laid by these females (9.5%) was on average significantly lower than that of females only mated with wild males (87.8%); however, high variability in fertility was observed. Values of ARwP male competitiveness were 0.36 and 0.73 based on the overall viability rate of eggs in ovitraps and on female fertility, respectively; thus, well above the conventional 0.2 threshold for an effective suppressive impact in the field. CONCLUSIONS Results further support the potential of IIT as a tool to contribute to Ae. albopictus control in the urban context, stressing the need for larger field trials to evaluate the cost-efficacy of the approach in temperate regions. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Caputo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Moretti
- Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Virgillito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Manica
- Center for Health Emergencies, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Elena Lampazzi
- Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Lombardi
- Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Paola Serini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Nigel W Beebe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, & CSIRO, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alessandra Della Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Calvitti
- Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
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Cristofaro M, Fornari C, Mariani F, Cemmi A, Guedj M, Ben Jamaa ML, Msaad Guerfali M, Tabone E, Castellana R, Sasso R, Musmeci S. Effects of γ-Irradiation on Mating Behavior of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae). INSECTS 2023; 14:661. [PMID: 37504667 PMCID: PMC10380771 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier 1790) is a highly invasive species originating from Southeast Asia and Melanesia. Over the past 30 years, this alien pest has spread extensively in the Middle East and the Mediterranean basin. Its endophagous larvae feed on various palm species, causing significant damage that leads to the death of palm trees. Controlling RPW infestations is challenging due to their gregarious nature and the lack of detectable early symptoms. Systemic insecticides are effective means of control, but their use in urban areas is prohibited and resistance can develop. Considering alternative options with minimal environmental impact, the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has been explored. Previous research has shown that male RPWs irradiated at 80 Gy or higher achieve full sterility. This study aimed to investigate in laboratory conditions whether RPW sterile males (irradiated at 60 and 80 Gy) could compete sexually with non-irradiate males. Laboratory bio-assays under both no-choice and choice conditions assessed sexual performance in terms of number of matings, mating duration and time elapsed until the first mating. The results confirmed that irradiation does not negatively affect the mating performance of sterile males, demonstrating their ability to compete successfully with non-irradiated males in both experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Cristofaro
- Biotechnology and Biological Control Agency (BBCA), Via Angelo Signorelli 105, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Fornari
- Biotechnology and Biological Control Agency (BBCA), Via Angelo Signorelli 105, 00123 Rome, Italy
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Mariani
- Biotechnology and Biological Control Agency (BBCA), Via Angelo Signorelli 105, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Cemmi
- ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, FSN-FISS-SNI Laboratory, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Michèle Guedj
- Biotechnology and Biological Control Agency (BBCA), Via Angelo Signorelli 105, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Mohamed Lahbib Ben Jamaa
- Direction Générale de la Santé Végétale et du Contrôle des Intrants Agricoles (DGSVCIA), 30 Rue Alain Savary, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Institut National de Recherches en Génie Rural, Eaux et Forêts (INRGREF), Université de Carthage, Rue Hédi EL Karray El Menzah IV, Tunis 1004, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Msaad Guerfali
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technologies, LR2016CNSTN01, Centre National des Sciences et Technologies Nucléaires (CNSTN), Technopole Sidi Thabet, Tunis 2020, Tunisia
| | - Elisabeth Tabone
- INRAE UEVT, Laboratoire Biocontrôle, 90 Chemin Raymond, 06160 Antibes, France
| | - Robert Castellana
- Progetto Phoenix, Centre de Recherche sur le Patrimoine (CRP) 13 rue Victor Hugo, 06110 Le Cannet, France
| | - Raffaele Sasso
- ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, SSPT-BIOAG-SOQUAS Laboratory, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Musmeci
- ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, SSPT-BIOAG-SOQUAS Laboratory, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
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Bouyer J. When less is more: accounting for overcompensation in mosquito SIT projects. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:235-237. [PMID: 36764849 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Compensation and overcompensation under field conditions are confirmed in Aedes mosquitoes recently by Evans et al.: equal or increased densities of emerging adults may thus result from reduced larval densities. Here the consequences when applying the sterile insect technique and provide recommendations to avoid counterproductive effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Bouyer
- UMR Astre (Animals, Health, Territories, Risks, Ecosystems), CIRAD, INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France; Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Allman MJ, Lin YH, Joubert DA, Addley-Cook J, Mejía-Torres MC, Simmons CP, Flores HA, Fraser JE. Enhancing the scalability of Wolbachia-based vector-borne disease management: time and temperature limits for storage and transport of Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti eggs for field releases. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:108. [PMID: 36934294 PMCID: PMC10024388 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05724-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Introgression of the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia into Aedes aegypti populations is a biocontrol approach being used to reduce arbovirus transmission. This requires mass release of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes. While releases have been conducted using a variety of techniques, egg releases, using water-soluble capsules containing mosquito eggs and larval food, offer an attractive method due to its potential to reduce onsite resource requirements. However, optimisation of this approach is required to ensure there is no detrimental impact on mosquito fitness and to promote successful Wolbachia introgression. METHODS We determined the impact of storage time and temperature on wild-type (WT) and Wolbachia-infected (wMel or wAlbB strains) Ae. aegypti eggs. Eggs were stored inside capsules over 8 weeks at 18 °C or 22 °C and hatch rate, emergence rate and Wolbachia density were determined. We next examined egg quality and Wolbachia density after exposing eggs to 4-40 °C to determine how eggs may be impacted if exposed to extreme temperatures during shipment. RESULTS Encapsulating eggs for 8 weeks did not negatively impact egg viability or resulting adult emergence and Wolbachia density compared to controls. When eggs were exposed to temperatures within 4-36 °C for 48 h, their viability and resulting adult Wolbachia density were maintained; however, both were significantly reduced when exposed to 40 °C. CONCLUSIONS We describe the time and temperature limits for maintaining viability of Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti eggs when encapsulated or exposed to extreme temperatures. These findings could improve the efficiency of mass releases by providing transport and storage constraints to ensure only high-quality material is utilised during field releases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J. Allman
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Institute of Vector-borne Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Ya-Hsun Lin
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - D. Albert Joubert
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Jessica Addley-Cook
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Maria Camila Mejía-Torres
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Cameron P. Simmons
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Institute of Vector-borne Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Heather A. Flores
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Institute of Vector-borne Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Johanna E. Fraser
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Institute of Vector-borne Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
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Sánchez-Aldana-Sánchez GA, Liedo P, Bond JG, Dor A. Release of sterile Aedes aegypti mosquitoes: chilling effect on mass-reared males survival and escape ability and on irradiated males sexual competitiveness. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3797. [PMID: 36882477 PMCID: PMC9990024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30722-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the sterile insect technique, it is important to measure the impact of mass-rearing and handling of sterile males to allow a successful control of the target wild population. This study evaluates the effect of pre-release chilling on the survival, escape ability, and sexual competitiveness of male Aedes aegypti. To determine survival and escape ability, mosquitoes were chilled at 4 °C using four different treatments of either one exposure (25 min) or two consecutive exposures (25 + 25 min, 25 + 50 min, 25 + 100 min). For sexual competitiveness, two different treatments were evaluated, chilling for 25 min once and twice. Results showed that the longest exposure to chilling caused a significant reduction of survival time, from 67 to 54 days. Escape ability was reduced by the first chilling from 25 to 7% and with the second chilling, it was reduced from 30 to 24% in the control to 4.9, 2.0 and 0.5% for 25, 50 and 100 min, respectively. Sexual competitiveness index was reduced from 1.16 in the control, to 0.32 and - 0.11 for treatments involving one and two chilling periods, respectively. It is recommended to increase the chilling temperature and reduce the exposure time to reduce the harmful effects on sterile males.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Liedo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - J Guillermo Bond
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CRISP, INSP), 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Ariane Dor
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), commissioned to El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
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10
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Saour G, Hashem A, Jassem I. Mating Competitiveness of Irradiated Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Male-Only and Both Sex Release Strategies under Laboratory Cage Conditions. INSECTS 2022; 14:18. [PMID: 36661945 PMCID: PMC9861676 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This laboratory study explored the concept of whether irradiated male-only releases are more or equally efficient as releases of both irradiated males and females in the context of using the sterile insect technique/inherited sterility (SIT/IS) for the management of the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana. The current study examined the mating competitiveness of 150-Gy-treated L. botrana male and female moths or 150-Gy-treated male moths only, with untreated moths in laboratory cages. Our results showed that the release of both sexes significantly increased the competitiveness value (C) and the biological efficiency index (BE) as compared with male-only release, and this was independent of the male to untreated male ratio. Moreover, a single release of 150-Gy-treated and untreated males and females at a 1:1:10:10 ratio (untreated male:untreated female: treated male:treated female) significantly reduced egg hatch, and the number of first-generation offspring (F1) was small. The emergence of F2-moths per untreated F1 male and female moth was low, but these undesired fertile moths should be eliminated in order to achieve effective control. The results presented herein provide useful information on the impact of 150-Gy-treated male-only, versus releases of both treated males and females on untreated moths, which is essential to managing L. botrana populations with SIT/IS.
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Vorsino AE, Xi Z. A mass rearing cost calculator for the control of Culex quinquefasciatus in Hawai'i using the incompatible insect technique. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:453. [PMID: 36471389 PMCID: PMC9724328 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hawai'i's native forest avifauna is experiencing drastic declines due to climate change-induced increases in temperature encroaching on their upper-elevation montane rainforest refugia. Higher temperatures support greater avian malaria infection rates due to greater densities of its primary vector, the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus, and enhance development of the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium relictum. Here we propose the use of the incompatible insect technique (IIT) or the combined IIT/sterile insect technique (SIT) for the landscape-scale (i.e., area-wide) control of Cx. quinquefasciatus, and have developed a calculator to estimate the costs of IIT and IIT/SIT applications at various sites in Hawai'i. METHODS The overall cost of the infrastructure, personnel, and space necessary to produce incompatible adult males for release is calculated in a unit of ~ 1 million culicid larvae/week. We assessed the rearing costs and need for effective control at various elevations in Hawai'i using a 10:1 overflooding ratio at each elevation. The calculator uses a rate describing the number of culicids needed to control wild-type mosquitoes at each site/elevation, in relation to the number of larval rearing units. This rate is a constant from which other costs are quantified. With minor modifications, the calculator described here can be applied to other areas, mosquito species, and similar techniques. To test the robustness of our calculator, the Kaua'i-specific culicid IIT/SIT infrastructure costs were also compared to costs from Singapore, Mexico, and China using the yearly cost of control per hectare, and purchasing power parity between sites for the cost of 1000 IIT/SIT males. RESULTS As a proof of concept, we have used the calculator to estimate rearing infrastructure costs for an application of IIT in the Alaka'i Wilderness Reserve on the island of Kaua'i. Our analysis estimated an initial investment of at least ~ $1.16M with subsequent yearly costs of approximately $376K. Projections of rearing costs for control at lower elevations are ~ 100 times greater than in upper elevation forest bird refugia. These results are relatively comparable to those real-world cost estimates developed for IIT/SIT culicid male production in other countries when inflation and purchasing power parity are considered. We also present supplemental examples of infrastructure costs needed to control Cx. quinquefasciatus in the home range of 'i'iwi Drepanis coccinea, and the yellow fever vector Aedes aegypti. CONCLUSIONS Our cost calculator can be used to effectively estimate the mass rearing cost of an IIT/SIT program. Therefore, the linear relationship of rearing infrastructure to costs used in this calculator is useful for developing a conservative cost estimate for IIT/SIT culicid mass rearing infrastructure. These mass rearing cost estimates vary based on the density of the targeted organism at the application site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam E. Vorsino
- grid.462979.70000 0001 2287 7477Strategic Habitat Conservation Program, Ecological Services, Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 300 Ala Moana Blvd Ste. 3-122, Honolulu, Hawaiʻi 96850 USA
| | - Zhiyong Xi
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, 314 Giltner Hall, 293 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
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12
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Tussey DA, Linthicum KJ, Hahn DA. Does severe hypoxia during irradiation of Aedes aegypti pupae improve sterile male performance? Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:446. [DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, vectors several pathogens responsible for human diseases. As a result, this mosquito species is a priority for control by mosquito control districts in Florida. With insecticide resistance development becoming a concern, alternative control strategies are needed for Ae. aegypti. Sterile insect technique (SIT) is an increasingly popular option that is being explored as a practical area-wide control method. However, questions about sterile male performance persist. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent to which hypoxia exposure prior to and during irradiation effects the longevity, activity and mating competitiveness of sterile male Ae. aegypti.
Methods
Male longevity was monitored and analyzed using Cox regression. Mosquito activity was recorded by an infrared beam sensor rig that detected movement. Competing models were created to analyze movement data. Fecundity and fertility were measured in females mated with individual males by treatment and analyzed using one-way ANOVAs. Mating competition studies were performed to compare both hypoxia and normoxia treated sterile males to fertile males. Competitiveness of groups was compared using Fried’s competitiveness index.
Results
First, we found that subjecting Ae. aegypti pupae to 1 h of severe hypoxia (< 1 kPa O2) did not directly increase mortality. One hour of hypoxia was found to prevent decreases in longevity of irradiated males compared to males irradiated in normoxic conditions. Exposure to hypoxia prior to irradiation did not significantly improve activity of sterile males except at the highest doses of radiation. Hypoxia did significantly increase the required dose of radiation to achieve > 95% male sterility compared to males irradiated under normoxic conditions. Males sterilized after an hour in hypoxic conditions were significantly more competitive against fertile males compared to males irradiated under normoxic conditions despite requiring a higher dose of radiation to achieve sterility.
Conclusions
Hypoxia was found to greatly improve key performance metrics in sterile male Ae. aegypti without any significant drawbacks. Little work other than increasing the target dose for sterility needs to be conducted to incorporate hypoxia into SIT programs. These results suggest that SIT programs should consider including hypoxia in their sterile male production workflow.
Graphical Abstract
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Claudel I, Brouazin R, Lancelot R, Gouagna LC, Dupraz M, Baldet T, Bouyer J. Optimization of adult mosquito trap settings to monitor populations of Aedes and Culex mosquitoes, vectors of arboviruses in La Reunion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19544. [PMID: 36380224 PMCID: PMC9666360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Competent arbovirus vectors are found in the culicid mosquito fauna of south-west Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands. In La Reunion, Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are known vectors of dengue and chikungunya viruses. Culex quinquefasciatus is a potential vector of Rift Valley fever and West Nile viruses. To prepare a vector-control field trial against Ae. aegypti, this study aimed at identifying the best trapping strategy to catch adult Ae. aegypti, using BG-Sentinel traps (Biogents, Germany). It was implemented in two sites in southern La Reunion. Catches of Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were also recorded. A Latin square design was used to estimate the detection probability and the apparent daily density-according to the BG-Sentinel trapping strategy: none, carbon dioxide (CO2), a commercial attractant-BG-Lure (Biogents, Germany), or both. The use of CO2 alone was associated with a higher detection probability for Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, as well as a large increase in their apparent density. Traps with BG-Lure-alone or in combination with CO2, did not improve the detection probability of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. The same result was found for male Ae. albopictus. For females, baiting BG-Sentinel traps with CO2 or BG-Lure had no significant effect. The same apparent densities were found for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes in both study sites-where Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were found at very low densities during previous surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Claudel
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Mivegec (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion France
| | - Ronan Brouazin
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Mivegec (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion France
| | - Renaud Lancelot
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Astre (Animals, Health, Territories, Risks, Ecosystems), Cirad, Inrae, Univ. Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France ,grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871Cirad, UMR Astre, 97491 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion France
| | | | - Marlène Dupraz
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Astre (Animals, Health, Territories, Risks, Ecosystems), Cirad, Inrae, Univ. Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France ,grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871Cirad, UMR Astre, 97491 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion France
| | - Thierry Baldet
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Astre (Animals, Health, Territories, Risks, Ecosystems), Cirad, Inrae, Univ. Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France ,grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871Cirad, UMR Astre, 97491 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion France
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Astre (Animals, Health, Territories, Risks, Ecosystems), Cirad, Inrae, Univ. Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France ,grid.420221.70000 0004 0403 8399Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA Vienna, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria
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14
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Brouazin R, Claudel I, Lancelot R, Dupuy G, Gouagna LC, Dupraz M, Baldet T, Bouyer J. Optimization of oviposition trap settings to monitor populations of Aedes mosquitoes, vectors of arboviruses in La Reunion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18450. [PMID: 36323764 PMCID: PMC9630495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Several dengue epidemics recently occurred in La Reunion, an island harboring two dengue viruses (DVs) vectors: Aedes albopictus, and Ae. aegypti, the former being the main local DV vector. Aedes aegypti shows a peculiar ecology, compared to other tropical populations of the same species. This study aimed to provide researchers and public-health users with locally validated oviposition traps (ovitraps) to monitor Aedes populations. A field experiment was performed in Saint-Joseph to assess the effect of different settings on the detection probability and apparent density of Aedes mosquitoes. Black plastic ovitraps were identified as the best choice. Vacoa trees (Pandanus utilis) were the only observed breeding sites for Ae. aegypti, shared with Ae. albopictus. They were the experimental units in a Latin square design with three factors: trap position in the trees (ground vs canopy), oviposition surface in the trap (blotting paper vs. vacoa leaf), and addition of organic matter to the trap water. The latter factor was found unimportant. On the ground, Ae. aegypti eggs were only found with vacoa leaves as the oviposition surface. Their detection and apparent density increased when ovitraps were located in the tree canopy. The main factor for Ae. albopictus was the oviposition surface, with a preference for blotting paper. In all trap settings, their detection was close to 100%. Larval survival was lower for a high egg density, combined with blotting paper as the oviposition surface. When monitoring mixed Aedes populations in La Reunion, we recommend using black plastic ovitraps, placed at 1.50-to-2.00-m high in vacoa trees, with vacoa leaves as the oviposition surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Brouazin
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Mivegec (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion France
| | - Iris Claudel
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Mivegec (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion France
| | - Renaud Lancelot
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Astre (Animals, Health, Territories, Risks, Ecosystems), Cirad, Inrae, Univ. Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France ,grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871Cirad, UMR Astre, 97491 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion France
| | - Guillaume Dupuy
- ARS Réunion, Service de Lutte Anti-Vectorielle, Saint-Denis, La Réunion France
| | | | - Marlène Dupraz
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Astre (Animals, Health, Territories, Risks, Ecosystems), Cirad, Inrae, Univ. Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France ,grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871Cirad, UMR Astre, 97491 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion France
| | - Thierry Baldet
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Astre (Animals, Health, Territories, Risks, Ecosystems), Cirad, Inrae, Univ. Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France ,grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871Cirad, UMR Astre, 97491 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion France
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Astre (Animals, Health, Territories, Risks, Ecosystems), Cirad, Inrae, Univ. Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France ,grid.420221.70000 0004 0403 8399Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA Vienna, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria
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15
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Gómez M, Macedo AT, Pedrosa MC, Hohana F, Barros V, Pires B, Barbosa L, Brito M, Garziera L, Argilés-Herrero R, Virginio JF, Carvalho DO. Exploring Conditions for Handling Packing and Shipping Aedes aegypti Males to Support an SIT Field Project in Brazil. INSECTS 2022; 13:871. [PMID: 36292819 PMCID: PMC9604236 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The sterile insect technique (SIT) application, as an alternative tool for conventional mosquito control methods, has recently gained prominence. Nevertheless, some SIT components require further development, such as protocols under large-scale conditions, focusing on packing and shipping mosquitoes, and considering transporting time. Immobilization of Aedes aegypti males was tested at temperatures 4, 7, 10, and 14 °C, and each temperature was assessed for 60, 90, and 120 min. The recovery after 24 h was also studied. Chilled and control-reared males had comparable survival rates for all conditions, although 4 °C for 120 min impacted male survival. The male escape rate was affected after 60 min of exposure at 4 °C; this difference was not significant, with 24 h of recovery. First, we defined the successful immobilization at 4 °C for 60 min, thus enabling the evaluation of two transportation intervals: 6 and 24 h, with the assessment of different compaction densities of 100 and 150 mosquitoes/cm3 at 10 °C to optimize the shipment. Compaction during simulated mosquito shipments reduced survival rates significantly after 6 and 24 h. In the mating propensity and insemination experiments, the sterile males managed to inseminate 40 to 66% for all treatments in laboratory conditions. The male insemination propensity was affected only by the highest compaction condition concerning the control. The analysis of the densities (100 and 150 males/cm3) showed that a higher density combined with an extended shipment period (24 h) negatively impacted the percentage of inseminated females. The results are very helpful in developing and improving the SIT packing and shipment protocols. Further studies are required to evaluate all combined parameters' synergetic effects that can combine irradiation to assess sexual competitiveness when sterile males are released into the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylen Gómez
- Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Quadra D-13, Lote 15, Distrito Industrial do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48909-733, Brazil
- Insect Pest Control Subprogramme, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, P.O. Box 100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aline T. Macedo
- Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Quadra D-13, Lote 15, Distrito Industrial do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48909-733, Brazil
| | - Michelle C. Pedrosa
- Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Quadra D-13, Lote 15, Distrito Industrial do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48909-733, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Hohana
- Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Quadra D-13, Lote 15, Distrito Industrial do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48909-733, Brazil
| | - Verenna Barros
- Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Quadra D-13, Lote 15, Distrito Industrial do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48909-733, Brazil
| | - Bianca Pires
- Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Quadra D-13, Lote 15, Distrito Industrial do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48909-733, Brazil
| | - Lucas Barbosa
- Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Quadra D-13, Lote 15, Distrito Industrial do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48909-733, Brazil
| | - Miriam Brito
- Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Quadra D-13, Lote 15, Distrito Industrial do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48909-733, Brazil
| | - Luiza Garziera
- Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Quadra D-13, Lote 15, Distrito Industrial do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48909-733, Brazil
| | - Rafael Argilés-Herrero
- Insect Pest Control Subprogramme, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, P.O. Box 100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jair F. Virginio
- Biofábrica Moscamed Brasil, Quadra D-13, Lote 15, Distrito Industrial do São Francisco, Juazeiro 48909-733, Brazil
| | - Danilo O. Carvalho
- Insect Pest Control Subprogramme, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, P.O. Box 100 Vienna, Austria
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Maïga H, Lu D, Mamai W, Bimbilé Somda NS, Wallner T, Bakhoum MT, Bueno Masso O, Martina C, Kotla SS, Yamada H, Salvador Herranz G, Argiles Herrero R, Chong CS, Tan CH, Bouyer J. Standardization of the FAO/IAEA Flight Test for Quality Control of Sterile Mosquitoes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:876675. [PMID: 35923573 PMCID: PMC9341283 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.876675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful implementation of the sterile insect technique (SIT) against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus relies on maintaining a consistent release of high-quality sterile males. Affordable, rapid, practical quality control tools based on the male’s flight ability (ability to escape from a flight device) may contribute to meeting this requirement. Therefore, this study aims to standardize the use of the original FAO/IAEA rapid quality control flight test device (FTD) (version 1.0), while improving handling conditions and reducing the device’s overall cost by assessing factors that could impact the subsequent flight ability of Aedes mosquitoes. The new FTD (version 1.1) is easier to use. The most important factors affecting escape rates were found to be tube color (or “shade”), the combined use of a lure and fan, mosquito species, and mosquito age and density (25; 50; 75; 100 males). Other factors measured but found to be less important were the duration of the test (30, 60, 90, 120 min), fan speed (normal 3000 rpm vs. high 6000 rpm), and mosquito strain origin. In addition, a cheaper version of the FTD (version 2.0) that holds eight individual tubes instead of 40 was designed and successfully validated against the new FTD (version 1.1). It was sensitive enough to distinguish between the effects of cold stress and high irradiation dose. Therefore, the eight-tube FTD may be used to assess Aedes’ flight ability. This study demonstrated that the new designs (versions 1.1 and 2.0) of the FTD could be used for standard routine quality assessments of Aedes mosquitoes required for an SIT and other male release-based programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidou Maïga
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Direction Régionale de l’Ouest (IRSS-DRO), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- *Correspondence: Hamidou Maïga, ,
| | - Deng Lu
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environnent Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wadaka Mamai
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
- Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD), Yaoundé-Messa, Cameroon
| | - Nanwintoum Séverin Bimbilé Somda
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies (UFR/ST), Université Norbert ZONGO (UNZ), Koudougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Thomas Wallner
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Mame Thierno Bakhoum
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Odet Bueno Masso
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Claudia Martina
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Simran Singh Kotla
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Hanano Yamada
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Gustavo Salvador Herranz
- Technical School of Design, Architecture and Engineering, University CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Argiles Herrero
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Chee Seng Chong
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environnent Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheong Huat Tan
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environnent Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Bouyer
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
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Bouyer J, Maiga H, Vreysen MJB. Assessing the efficiency of Verily's automated process for production and release of male Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:1441-1442. [PMID: 35618926 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Bouyer
- Insect Pest Control Sub-programme, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria. .,CIRAD, UMR ASTRE CIRAD-INRA « Animals, Health, Territories, Risks and Ecosystems», Campus international de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France.
| | - Hamidou Maiga
- Insect Pest Control Sub-programme, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc J B Vreysen
- Insect Pest Control Sub-programme, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Misbah-ul-Haq M, Carvalho DO, Duran De La Fuente L, Augustinos AA, Bourtzis K. Genetic Stability and Fitness of Aedes aegypti Red-Eye Genetic Sexing Strains With Pakistani Genomic Background for Sterile Insect Technique Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:871703. [PMID: 35433649 PMCID: PMC9009520 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.871703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquito species Aedes aegypti is the primary transmitter of viruses that cause endemic diseases like dengue in Pakistan. It is also a cause of other vector-borne diseases like yellow fever, Zika fever, and chikungunya, which significantly impact human health worldwide. In the absence of efficient vaccines (except for yellow fever) or drugs, vector control methods, such as the sterile insect technique (SIT), have been proposed as additional tools for the management of these diseases. Mosquito SIT programs are based on the release of sterile males and it is important female releases to be ideally zero or to be kept at a minimum, since females are the ones that bite, blood-feed and transmit pathogens. Recently, an Ae. aegypti genetic sexing strain (GSS), with and without a recombination-suppressing inversion (Inv35), was developed using the eye color as a selectable marker, with males having black eyes and females red eyes. In the present study, we introgressed the sexing features and the Inv35 of the Ae. aegypti red-eye GSS into the Pakistani genomic background aiming to their future use for SIT applications in the country. Both introgressed strains, the Red-eye GSS-PAK and the Red-eye GSS/Inv35-PAK, were evaluated in respect to their genetic stability and biological quality by assessing parameters like recombination rate, fecundity, fertility, pupal and adult recovery, time of development, pupal weight, survival, and flight ability in comparison with a wild Pakistani population (PAK). The results suggest that the sexing features and the recombination suppression properties of Inv35 were not affected after their introgression into the local genomic background; however, some biological traits of the two newly constructed strains were affected, positively or negatively, suggesting that a thorough quality control analysis should be performed after the introgression of a GSS into a new genomic background prior to its use in SIT field trials or applications. The importance of using GSS with local genomic background for SIT applications against Aedes aegypti is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Misbah-ul-Haq
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Austria
- Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Misbah-ul-Haq, ; Kostas Bourtzis,
| | - Danilo O. Carvalho
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Lucia Duran De La Fuente
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Antonios A. Augustinos
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Austria
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Misbah-ul-Haq, ; Kostas Bourtzis,
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19
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Adult mosquito predation and potential impact on the sterile insect technique. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2561. [PMID: 35169252 PMCID: PMC8847352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The sterile insect technique is a promising environmentally friendly method for mosquito control. This technique involves releasing laboratory-produced sterile males into a target field site, and its effectiveness may be affected by the extent of adult mosquito predation. Sterile males undergo several treatments. Therefore, it is vital to understand which treatments are essential in minimizing risks to predation once released. The present study investigates the predation propensity of four mantis species (Phyllocrania paradoxa, Hymenopus coronatus, Blepharopsis mendica, Deroplatys desiccata) and two gecko species (Phelsuma standingi, P. laticauda) on adult Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes in a laboratory setting. First, any inherent predation preferences regarding mosquito species and sex were evaluated. Subsequently, the effects of chilling, marking, and irradiation, on predation rates were assessed. The selected predators effectively preyed on all mosquito species regardless of the treatment. Predation propensity varied over days for the same individuals and between predator individuals. Overall, there was no impact of laboratory treatments of sterile males on the relative risk of predation by the test predators, unless purposely exposed to double the required sterilizing irradiation dose. Further investigations on standardized predation trials may lead to additional quality control tools for irradiated mosquitoes.
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20
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Zhang D, Chen S, Abd-Alla AMM, Bourtzis K. The Effect of Radiation on the Gut Bacteriome of Aedes albopictus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:671699. [PMID: 34305838 PMCID: PMC8299835 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.671699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sterile insect technique (SIT) has been developed as a component of area-wide integrated pest management approaches to control the populations of Aedes albopictus, a mosquito vector capable of transmission of dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses. One of the key factors for the success of SIT is the requirement of high biological quality sterile males, which upon their release would be able to compete with wild males for matings with wild females in the field. In insects, gut bacteriome have played a catalytic role during evolution significantly affecting several aspects of their biology and ecology. Given the importance of gut-associated bacterial species for the overall ecological fitness and biological quality of their hosts, it is of interest to understand the effects of radiation on the gut-associated bacteriome of Ae. albopictus. In this study, the effect of radiation on the composition and density levels of the gut-associated bacterial species at the pupal stage as well as at 1- and 4-day-old males and females was studied using 16S rRNA gene-based next generation sequencing (NGS) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) approaches. Age, diet, sex, and radiation were shown to affect the gut-associated bacterial communities, with age having the highest impact triggering significant changes on bacterial diversity and clustering among pupae, 1- and 4-day-old adult samples. qPCR analysis revealed that the relative density levels of Aeromonas are higher in male samples compared to all other samples and that the irradiation triggers an increase in the density levels of both Aeromonas and Elizabethkingia in the mosquito gut at specific stages. Our results suggest that Aeromonas could potentially be used as probiotics to enhance protandry and sex separation in support of SIT applications against Ae. albopictus, while the functional role of Elizabethkingia in respect to oxidative stress and damage in irradiated mosquitoes needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjing Zhang
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University-Michigan State University Joint Center of Vector Control for Tropical Diseases, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Chinese Atomic Energy Agency Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Biological Control, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Adly M M Abd-Alla
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
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21
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Vreysen MJB, Abd-Alla AMM, Bourtzis K, Bouyer J, Caceres C, de Beer C, Oliveira Carvalho D, Maiga H, Mamai W, Nikolouli K, Yamada H, Pereira R. The Insect Pest Control Laboratory of the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme: Ten Years (2010-2020) of Research and Development, Achievements and Challenges in Support of the Sterile Insect Technique. INSECTS 2021; 12:346. [PMID: 33924539 PMCID: PMC8070182 DOI: 10.3390/insects12040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Joint FAO/IAEA Centre (formerly called Division) of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture was established in 1964 and its accompanying laboratories in 1961. One of its subprograms deals with insect pest control, and has the mandate to develop and implement the sterile insect technique (SIT) for selected key insect pests, with the goal of reducing the use of insecticides, reducing animal and crop losses, protecting the environment, facilitating international trade in agricultural commodities and improving human health. Since its inception, the Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPCL) (formerly named Entomology Unit) has been implementing research in relation to the development of the SIT package for insect pests of crops, livestock and human health. This paper provides a review of research carried out between 2010 and 2020 at the IPCL. Research on plant pests has focused on the development of genetic sexing strains, characterizing and assessing the performance of these strains (e.g., Ceratitis capitata), elucidation of the taxonomic status of several members of the Bactrocera dorsalis and Anastrepha fraterculus complexes, the use of microbiota as probiotics, genomics, supplements to improve the performance of the reared insects, and the development of the SIT package for fruit fly species such as Bactrocera oleae and Drosophila suzukii. Research on livestock pests has focused on colony maintenance and establishment, tsetse symbionts and pathogens, sex separation, morphology, sterile male quality, radiation biology, mating behavior and transportation and release systems. Research with human disease vectors has focused on the development of genetic sexing strains (Anopheles arabiensis, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus), the development of a more cost-effective larvae and adult rearing system, assessing various aspects of radiation biology, characterizing symbionts and pathogens, studying mating behavior and the development of quality control procedures, and handling and release methods. During the review period, 13 coordinated research projects (CRPs) were completed and six are still being implemented. At the end of each CRP, the results were published in a special issue of a peer-reviewed journal. The review concludes with an overview of future challenges, such as the need to adhere to a phased conditional approach for the implementation of operational SIT programs, the need to make the SIT more cost effective, to respond with demand driven research to solve the problems faced by the operational SIT programs and the use of the SIT to address a multitude of exotic species that are being introduced, due to globalization, and established in areas where they could not survive before, due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hanano Yamada
- Insect Pest Control Subprogramme, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, A-1400 Vienna, Austria; (M.J.B.V.); (A.M.M.A.-A.); (K.B.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (C.d.B.); (D.O.C.); (H.M.); (W.M.); (K.N.); (R.P.)
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22
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Douchet L, Haramboure M, Baldet T, L'Ambert G, Damiens D, Gouagna LC, Bouyer J, Labbé P, Tran A. Comparing sterile male releases and other methods for integrated control of the tiger mosquito in temperate and tropical climates. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7354. [PMID: 33795801 PMCID: PMC8016901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of mosquito species worldwide is creating a powerful network for the spread of arboviruses. In addition to the destruction of breeding sites (prevention) and mass trapping, methods based on the sterile insect technique (SIT), the autodissemination of pyriproxyfen (ADT), and a fusion of elements from both of these known as boosted SIT (BSIT), are being developed to meet the urgent need for effective vector control. However, the comparative potential of these methods has yet to be explored in different environments. This is needed to propose and integrate informed guidelines into sustainable mosquito management plans. We extended a weather-dependent model of Aedes albopictus population dynamics to assess the effectiveness of these different vector control methods, alone or in combination, in a tropical (Reunion island, southwest Indian Ocean) and a temperate (Montpellier area, southern France) climate. Our results confirm the potential efficiency of SIT in temperate climates when performed early in the year (mid-March for northern hemisphere). In such a climate, the timing of the vector control action was the key factor in its success. In tropical climates, the potential of the combination of methods becomes more relevant. BSIT and the combination of ADT with SIT were twice as effective compared to the use of SIT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Douchet
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 97491, Sainte-Clotilde, Reunion, France
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Haramboure
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 97491, Sainte-Clotilde, Reunion, France.
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- ISEM, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- TETIS, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Thierry Baldet
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 97491, Sainte-Clotilde, Reunion, France
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gregory L'Ambert
- Department of Research and Development, EID Méditerranée, Montpellier, France
| | - David Damiens
- IRD, CNRS-UM-IRD, UMR MIVEGEC, Montpellier, Reunion, France
- IRD/GIP CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, Reunion, France
| | - Louis Clément Gouagna
- IRD, CNRS-UM-IRD, UMR MIVEGEC, Montpellier, Reunion, France
- IRD/GIP CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, Reunion, France
| | - Jeremy Bouyer
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400, Vienna, Austria
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 97410, Saint-Pierre, Reunion, France
| | - Pierrick Labbé
- ISEM, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Annelise Tran
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 97491, Sainte-Clotilde, Reunion, France
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- TETIS, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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23
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Oliva CF, Benedict MQ, Collins CM, Baldet T, Bellini R, Bossin H, Bouyer J, Corbel V, Facchinelli L, Fouque F, Geier M, Michaelakis A, Roiz D, Simard F, Tur C, Gouagna LC. Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) against Aedes Species Mosquitoes: A Roadmap and Good Practice Framework for Designing, Implementing and Evaluating Pilot Field Trials. INSECTS 2021; 12:191. [PMID: 33668374 PMCID: PMC7996155 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are invasive mosquito species that impose a substantial risk to human health. To control the abundance and spread of these arboviral pathogen vectors, the sterile insect technique (SIT) is emerging as a powerful complement to most commonly-used approaches, in part, because this technique is ecologically benign, specific, and non-persistent in the environment if releases are stopped. Because SIT and other similar vector control strategies are becoming of increasing interest to many countries, we offer here a pragmatic and accessible 'roadmap' for the pre-pilot and pilot phases to guide any interested party. This will support stakeholders, non-specialist scientists, implementers, and decision-makers. Applying these concepts will ensure, given adequate resources, a sound basis for local field trialing and for developing experience with the technique in readiness for potential operational deployment. This synthesis is based on the available literature, in addition to the experience and current knowledge of the expert contributing authors in this field. We describe a typical path to successful pilot testing, with the four concurrent development streams of Laboratory, Field, Stakeholder Relations, and the Business and Compliance Case. We provide a graphic framework with criteria that must be met in order to proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clélia F. Oliva
- Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Légumes (CTIFL), Centre Opérationnel de Balandran, 751 Chemin de Balandran, 30127 Bellegarde, France;
- Collectif TIS (Technique de l’Insecte Stérile), 751 Chemin de Balandran, 30127 Bellegarde, France
| | | | - C Matilda Collins
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London SW7 1NE, UK;
| | - Thierry Baldet
- ASTRE (Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques, Ecosystèmes), Cirad, Univ Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France; (T.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Romeo Bellini
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “Giorgio Nicoli”, S.r.l. Via Sant’Agata, 835, 40014 Crevalcore, Italy;
| | - Hervé Bossin
- Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, 98713 Tahiti, French Polynesia;
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- ASTRE (Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques, Ecosystèmes), Cirad, Univ Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France; (T.B.); (J.B.)
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA Vienna, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vincent Corbel
- UMR MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France; (V.C.); (D.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Luca Facchinelli
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK;
| | - Florence Fouque
- TDR (Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases), WHO, 20 Avenue Appia, 1121 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Martin Geier
- Biogents AG, Weissenburgstr. 22, 93055 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Antonios Michaelakis
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute. 8, S. Delta str., Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece;
| | - David Roiz
- UMR MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France; (V.C.); (D.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Frédéric Simard
- UMR MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France; (V.C.); (D.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Carlos Tur
- Grupo Tragsa–KM. 4,5 Bajo, A28476208-EMPRE, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Louis-Clément Gouagna
- UMR MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France; (V.C.); (D.R.); (F.S.)
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24
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Sexual Competitiveness and Induced Egg Sterility by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Gamma-Irradiated Males: A Laboratory and Field Study in Mexico. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020145. [PMID: 33567551 PMCID: PMC7915704 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The sterile insect technique (SIT) involves the release of massive numbers of male insects that have been sterilized by irradiation treatment during their development. Wild females that mate with sterilized males are not able to produce offspring, resulting in rapid decline in the target insect population over a large area. The success of this technique depends on the ratio of wild:sterile males achieved following male releases and the ability of sterile males to mate with wild females, i.e., their sexual competitiveness compared to fertile wild male insects. There is growing interest in applying SIT to the area-wide control of mosquitoes, such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, that transmit important human diseases caused by dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. In the present study, the sexual competitiveness of both mosquito species was affected by irradiation treatments but did not vary greatly with different ratios of fertile:sterile males in mating cages. Most importantly, the fertility of eggs was greatly reduced when more sterile males were present in mating cages, resulting in an 88% decrease in the production of fertile eggs by both species of mosquitoes in some experiments. We will use these results to perform small-scale trials in rural villages frequently affected by outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases in southern Mexico. Abstract The sterile insect technique may prove useful for the suppression of mosquito vectors of medical importance in regions where arboviruses pose a serious public health threat. In the present study, we examined the effects of sterilizing irradiation doses across different ratios of fertile:irradiated males on the mating competitiveness of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus under laboratory and field-cage conditions. For both species, the percentage of females inseminated and the number of eggs laid over two gonotrophic cycles varied significantly in mating treatments involving 1:1, 1:5, and 1:10 fertile:irradiated males compared to controls of entirely fertile or entirely irradiated males but was not generally affected by the irradiation dose. Egg hatching was negatively affected in females exposed to increasing proportions of irradiated males in both laboratory and field cages. Male competitiveness (Fried’s index) values varied from 0.19 to 0.58 in the laboratory and were between 0.09 and 1.0 in field cages, depending on th species. Competitiveness values were negatively affected by th eirradiation dose in both species under field-cage conditions, whereas in the laboratory, Ae. albopictus was sensitive to the dose but Ae. aegypti was not. In general, male competitiveness was similar across all mating regimes. Most importantly, induced egg sterility was positively correlated with the proportion of irradiated males present in the mating treatments, reaching a maximum of 88% under field-cage conditions for both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus males treated with 50 and 40 Gy irradiation, respectively. These results indicate that sterile males produced at our facility are suitable and competitive enough for field pilot SIT projects and provide guidance to decide the optimal sterile:fertile ratios.
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Naegeli H, Bresson J, Dalmay T, Dewhurst IC, Epstein MM, Guerche P, Hejatko J, Moreno FJ, Mullins E, Nogué F, Rostoks N, Sánchez Serrano JJ, Savoini G, Veromann E, Veronesi F, Bonsall MB, Mumford J, Wimmer EA, Devos Y, Paraskevopoulos K, Firbank LG. Adequacy and sufficiency evaluation of existing EFSA guidelines for the molecular characterisation, environmental risk assessment and post-market environmental monitoring of genetically modified insects containing engineered gene drives. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06297. [PMID: 33209154 PMCID: PMC7658669 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in molecular and synthetic biology are enabling the engineering of gene drives in insects for disease vector/pest control. Engineered gene drives (that bias their own inheritance) can be designed either to suppress interbreeding target populations or modify them with a new genotype. Depending on the engineered gene drive system, theoretically, a genetic modification of interest could spread through target populations and persist indefinitely, or be restricted in its spread or persistence. While research on engineered gene drives and their applications in insects is advancing at a fast pace, it will take several years for technological developments to move to practical applications for deliberate release into the environment. Some gene drive modified insects (GDMIs) have been tested experimentally in the laboratory, but none has been assessed in small-scale confined field trials or in open release trials as yet. There is concern that the deliberate release of GDMIs in the environment may have possible irreversible and unintended consequences. As a proactive measure, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has been requested by the European Commission to review whether its previously published guidelines for the risk assessment of genetically modified animals (EFSA, 2012 and 2013), including insects (GMIs), are adequate and sufficient for GDMIs, primarily disease vectors, agricultural pests and invasive species, for deliberate release into the environment. Under this mandate, EFSA was not requested to develop risk assessment guidelines for GDMIs. In this Scientific Opinion, the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) concludes that EFSA's guidelines are adequate, but insufficient for the molecular characterisation (MC), environmental risk assessment (ERA) and post-market environmental monitoring (PMEM) of GDMIs. While the MC,ERA and PMEM of GDMIs can build on the existing risk assessment framework for GMIs that do not contain engineered gene drives, there are specific areas where further guidance is needed for GDMIs.
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