1
|
Fracella M, Mancino E, Nenna R, Virgillito C, Frasca F, D'Auria A, Sorrentino L, Petrarca L, La Regina D, Matera L, Di Mattia G, Caputo B, Antonelli G, Pierangeli A, Viscidi RP, Midulla F, Scagnolari C. Age-related transcript changes in type I interferon signaling in children and adolescents with long COVID. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350682. [PMID: 38522030 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 typically causes mild symptoms in children, but evidence suggests that persistent immunopathological changes may lead to long COVID (LC). To explore the interplay between LC and innate immunity, we assessed the type I interferon (IFN-I) response in children and adolescents with LC symptoms (LC; n = 28). This was compared with age-matched SARS-CoV-2 recovered participants without LC symptoms (MC; n = 28) and healthy controls (HC; n = 18). We measured the mRNA expression of IFN-I (IFN-α/β/ε/ω), IFN-I receptor (IFNAR1/2), and ISGs (ISG15, ISG56, MxA, IFI27, BST2, LY6E, OAS1, OAS2, OAS3, and MDA5) in PBMCs collected 3-6 months after COVID-19. LC adolescents (12-17 years) had higher transcript levels of IFN-β, IFN-ε, and IFN-ω than HC, whereas LC children (6-11 years) had lower levels than HC. In adolescents, increased levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-ω mRNAs were found in the LC group compared with MC, while lower levels were observed in LC children than MC. Adolescents with neurological symptoms had higher IFN-α/β mRNA levels than MC. LC and MC participants showed decreased expression of ISGs and IFNAR1, but increased expression of IFNAR2, than HC. Our results show age-related changes in the expression of transcripts involved in the IFN-I signaling pathway in children and adolescents with LC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fracella
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Mancino
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Nenna
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Virgillito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Frasca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Auria
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrarca
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico La Regina
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Matera
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Greta Di Mattia
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Beniamino Caputo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Raphael P Viscidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tondossama N, Virgillito C, Coulibaly ZI, Pichler V, Dia I, della Torre A, Touré AO, Adja AM, Caputo B. A High Proportion of Malaria Vector Biting and Resting Indoors despite Extensive LLIN Coverage in Côte d'Ivoire. Insects 2023; 14:758. [PMID: 37754726 PMCID: PMC10532360 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is still a leading cause mortality in Côte d'Ivoire despite extensive LLINs coverage. We present the results of an entomological survey conducted in a coastal and in an inland village with the aim to estimate Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) female's abundance indoor/outdoor and Plasmodium falciparum infection rate and analyze the occurrence of blood-feeding in relation to LLINs use. Pyrethrum spray (PSC) and window exit traps (WT) collections were carried out to target endophagic/endophilic and endophagic/exophilic females, respectively. Data on LLINs use in sampled houses were collected. (1) high levels of malaria transmission despite LLINs coverage >70% (~1 An. gambiae s.l. predicted mean/person/night and ~5% Plasmodium falciparum infection rate); (2) 46% of females in the PSC sample were blood-fed, suggesting that they fed on an unprotected host inside the house; (3) 81% of females in WT were unfed, suggesting that they were leaving the house to find an available host. Model estimates that if everyone sleeps under LLINs the probability for a mosquito to bite decreases of 48% and 95% in the coastal and inland village, respectively. The results show a high proportion of mosquito biting and resting indoors despite extensive LLINs. The biological/epidemiological determinants of accounting for these results merit deeper investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naminata Tondossama
- Entomology and Herpetology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan 01 PB 490, Côte d’Ivoire; (N.T.); (Z.I.C.)
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny Cocody, Abidjan 01 BP V34, Côte d’Ivoire;
| | - Chiara Virgillito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, University of Rome ‘Sapienza’, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.V.)
| | - Zanakoungo Ibrahima Coulibaly
- Entomology and Herpetology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan 01 PB 490, Côte d’Ivoire; (N.T.); (Z.I.C.)
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, University of Rome ‘Sapienza’, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.V.)
| | - Ibrahima Dia
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal;
| | - Alessandra della Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, University of Rome ‘Sapienza’, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.V.)
| | - Andre Offianan Touré
- Unité de Paludologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan 01 PB 490, Côte d’Ivoire;
| | - Akré Maurice Adja
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny Cocody, Abidjan 01 BP V34, Côte d’Ivoire;
- Institut Pierre Richet, Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké 01 BP 1500, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Beniamino Caputo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, University of Rome ‘Sapienza’, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Manica M, Marini G, Solimini A, Guzzetta G, Poletti P, Scognamiglio P, Virgillito C, della Torre A, Merler S, Rosà R, Vairo F, Caputo B. Reporting delays of chikungunya cases during the 2017 outbreak in Lazio region, Italy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011610. [PMID: 37708121 PMCID: PMC10501639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging arboviral diseases in Europe pose a challenge due to difficulties in detecting and diagnosing cases during the initial circulation of the pathogen. Early outbreak detection enables public health authorities to take effective actions to reduce disease transmission. Quantification of the reporting delays of cases is vital to plan and assess surveillance and control strategies. Here, we provide estimates of reporting delays during an emerging arboviral outbreak and indications on how delays may have impacted onward transmission. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meyer curves we analyzed case reporting delays (the period between the date of symptom onset and the date of notification to the public health authorities) during the 2017 Italian chikungunya outbreak. We further investigated the effect of outbreak detection on reporting delays by means of a Cox proportional hazard model. We estimated that the overall median reporting delay was 15.5 days, but this was reduced to 8 days after the notification of the first case. Cases with symptom onset after outbreak detection had about a 3.5 times higher reporting rate, however only 3.6% were notified within 24h from symptom onset. Remarkably, we found that 45.9% of identified cases developed symptoms before the detection of the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that efforts should be undertaken to improve the early detection and identification of arboviral cases, as well as the management of vector species to mitigate the impact of long reporting delays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Manica
- Center for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
- Epilab-JRU, FEM-FBK Joint Research Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
- Epilab-JRU, FEM-FBK Joint Research Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - Angelo Solimini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Università di Roma SAPIENZA, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Guzzetta
- Center for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
- Epilab-JRU, FEM-FBK Joint Research Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - Piero Poletti
- Center for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
- Epilab-JRU, FEM-FBK Joint Research Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - Paola Scognamiglio
- Regional Service for Surveillance and Control of Infectious Diseases (SERESMI)—Lazio Region, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”; IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Virgillito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Università di Roma SAPIENZA, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra della Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Università di Roma SAPIENZA, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Merler
- Center for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
- Epilab-JRU, FEM-FBK Joint Research Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - Roberto Rosà
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Francesco Vairo
- Regional Service for Surveillance and Control of Infectious Diseases (SERESMI)—Lazio Region, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”; IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Beniamino Caputo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Università di Roma SAPIENZA, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Caputo B, Moretti R, Virgillito C, Manica M, Lampazzi E, Lombardi G, Serini P, Pichler V, Beebe NW, Della Torre A, Calvitti M. A bacterium against the tiger: further evidence of the potential of noninundative releases of males with manipulated Wolbachia infection in reducing fertility of Aedes albopictus field populations in Italy. Pest Management Science 2023; 79:3167-3176. [PMID: 37022600 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incompatible insect technique (IIT) is a population suppression approach based on the release of males with manipulated Wolbachia infection inducing egg inviability in wild females. We here present results of multiple field releases of incompatible ARwP males carried out in 2019 in a 2.7-ha green area within urban Rome (Italy) to assess the effect on Aedes albopictus egg viability. Data are compared with results obtained in 2018, when the approach was tested for the first time in Europe. RESULTS An average of 4674 ARwP males were released weekly for 7 weeks, resulting in a mean ARwP:wild male ratio of 1.1:1 (versus 0.7:1 in 2018). Egg-viability dynamics in ovitraps significantly varied between treated and control sites, with an estimated overall reduction of 35% (versus 15% in 2018). The estimated proportion of females classified as mated with ARwP males was 41.8% and the viability rate of eggs laid by these females (9.5%) was on average significantly lower than that of females only mated with wild males (87.8%); however, high variability in fertility was observed. Values of ARwP male competitiveness were 0.36 and 0.73 based on the overall viability rate of eggs in ovitraps and on female fertility, respectively; thus, well above the conventional 0.2 threshold for an effective suppressive impact in the field. CONCLUSIONS Results further support the potential of IIT as a tool to contribute to Ae. albopictus control in the urban context, stressing the need for larger field trials to evaluate the cost-efficacy of the approach in temperate regions. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Caputo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Moretti
- Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Virgillito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Manica
- Center for Health Emergencies, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Elena Lampazzi
- Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Lombardi
- Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Paola Serini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Nigel W Beebe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, & CSIRO, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alessandra Della Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Calvitti
- Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Solimini A, Virgillito C, Manica M, Poletti P, Guzzetta G, Marini G, Rosà R, Filipponi F, Scognamiglio P, Vairo F, Caputo B. How habitat factors affect an Aedes mosquitoes driven outbreak at temperate latitudes: The case of the Chikungunya virus in Italy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0010655. [PMID: 37590255 PMCID: PMC10465128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outbreaks of Aedes-borne diseases in temperate areas are not frequent, and limited in number of cases. We investigate the associations between habitat factors and temperature on individuals' risk of chikungunya (CHIKV) in a non-endemic area by spatially analyzing the data from the 2017 Italian outbreak. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We adopted a case-control study design to analyze the association between land-cover variables, temperature, and human population density with CHIKV cases. The observational unit was the area, at different scales, surrounding the residence of each CHIKV notified case. The statistical analysis was conducted considering the whole dataset and separately for the resort town of Anzio and the metropolitan city of Rome, which were the two main foci of the outbreak. In Rome, a higher probability for the occurrence of CHIKV cases is associated with lower temperature (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.61-0.85) and with cells with higher vegetation coverage and human population density (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00-1.05). In Anzio, CHIKV case occurrence was positively associated with human population density (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00-1.06) but not with habitat factors or temperature. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Using temperature, human population density and vegetation coverage data as drives for CHIKV transmission, our estimates could be instrumental in assessing spatial heterogeneity in the risk of experiencing arboviral diseases in non-endemic temperate areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Solimini
- Departement of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Virgillito
- Departement of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Mattia Manica
- Center for Health Emergencies, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Piero Poletti
- Center for Health Emergencies, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Giorgio Guzzetta
- Center for Health Emergencies, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Roberto Rosà
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, Università di Trento, San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Federico Filipponi
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Roma, Italy
| | - Paola Scognamiglio
- Regional Service for Surveillance and Control of Infectious Diseases (SERESMI)—Lazio Region, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Vairo
- Regional Service for Surveillance and Control of Infectious Diseases (SERESMI)—Lazio Region, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Beniamino Caputo
- Departement of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tondossama N, Coulibaly ZI, Traoré I, Ako BA, Zoh DD, Virgillito C, Guindo-Coulibaly N, Serini P, Assouho FK, Dia I, Touré AO, Adja MA, Caputo B, della Torre A, Pichler V. High Levels of Admixture in Anopheles gambiae Populations from Côte d'Ivoire Revealed by Multilocus Genotyping. Insects 2022; 13:1090. [PMID: 36555000 PMCID: PMC9782310 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Anopheles coluzzii and An. gambiae-the two most recently radiated species of the An. gambiae complex and the major Afrotropical malaria vector species-are identified by markers in the X-centromeric IGS rDNA region. Putative IGS-hybrids are rarely found in the field, except in restricted areas where genomic studies have led to the hypothesis that the observed IGS-patterns are due to cryptic taxa rather than to hybridization between the two species. We investigated the genome-wide levels of admixture in two villages in Côte d'Ivoire where high levels of IGS-hybrids have been detected, confirming unparalleled high frequencies in the coastal village. Genotyping of 24 Ancestry Informative Markers (AIMs) along the three chromosomes produced discordant results between the IGS-marker and the multilocus genotype obtained for AIMs across the whole genome (29%) as well as AIMs on chromosome-X (considered to be fundamental for species reproductive isolation) only (21%). Results highlight a complicated pattern of admixture that deserves deeper genomic analyses to understand better possible underlying causes (from extensive processes of hybridization to the existence of different cryptic taxa), and stress the need of developing advanced diagnostics for An. coluzzii, An. gambiae and putative new taxa, instrumental for assessing taxon-specific epidemiological characters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naminata Tondossama
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouet Boigny Cocody, Abidjan 01 BP V34, Côte d’Ivoire
- Entomology and Herpetology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan 01 PB 490, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Zanakoungo I. Coulibaly
- Entomology and Herpetology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan 01 PB 490, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Issouf Traoré
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouet Boigny Cocody, Abidjan 01 BP V34, Côte d’Ivoire
- Entomology and Herpetology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan 01 PB 490, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Bérenger A. Ako
- Malaria Unit, Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan 01 PB 490, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Danielle D. Zoh
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouet Boigny Cocody, Abidjan 01 BP V34, Côte d’Ivoire
- Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké 01 BP 1500, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Chiara Virgillito
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Négnorogo Guindo-Coulibaly
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouet Boigny Cocody, Abidjan 01 BP V34, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Paola Serini
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrice K. Assouho
- Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké 01 BP 1500, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Ibrahima Dia
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal
| | - Andre O. Touré
- Malaria Unit, Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan 01 PB 490, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Maurice A. Adja
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouet Boigny Cocody, Abidjan 01 BP V34, Côte d’Ivoire
- Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké 01 BP 1500, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Beniamino Caputo
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra della Torre
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Verena Pichler
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pichler V, Caputo B, Valadas V, Micocci M, Horvath C, Virgillito C, Akiner M, Balatsos G, Bender C, Besnard G, Bravo-Barriga D, Bueno-Mari R, Collantes F, Delacour-Estrella S, Dikolli E, Falcuta E, Flacio E, García-Pérez AL, Kalan K, Kavran M, L'Ambert G, Lia RP, Marabuto E, Medialdea R, Melero-Alcibar R, Michaelakis A, Mihalca A, Mikov O, Miranda MA, Müller P, Otranto D, Pajovic I, Petric D, Rebelo MT, Robert V, Rogozi E, Tello A, Zitko T, Schaffner F, Pinto J, Della Torre A. Geographic distribution of the V1016G knockdown resistance mutation in Aedes albopictus: a warning bell for Europe. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:280. [PMID: 35932088 PMCID: PMC9356396 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colonization of large part of Europe by the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is causing autochthonous transmission of chikungunya and dengue exotic arboviruses. While pyrethroids are recommended only to reduce/limit transmission, they are widely implemented to reduce biting nuisance and to control agricultural pests, increasing the risk of insurgence of resistance mechanisms. Worryingly, pyrethroid resistance (with mortality < 70%) was recently reported in Ae. albopictus populations from Italy and Spain and associated with the V1016G point mutation in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene conferring knockdown resistance (kdr). Genotyping pyrethroid resistance-associated kdr mutations in field mosquito samples represents a powerful approach to detect early signs of resistance without the need for carrying out phenotypic bioassays which require availability of live mosquitoes, dedicated facilities and appropriate expertise. METHODS Here we report results on the PCR-genotyping of the V1016G mutation in 2530 Ae. albopictus specimens from 69 sampling sites in 19 European countries. RESULTS The mutation was identified in 12 sites from nine countries (with allele frequencies ranging from 1 to 8%), mostly distributed in two geographical clusters. The western cluster includes Mediterranean coastal sites from Italy, France and Malta as well as single sites from both Spain and Switzerland. The eastern cluster includes sites on both sides of the Black Sea in Bulgaria, Turkey and Georgia as well as one site from Romania. These results are consistent with genomic data showing high connectivity and close genetic relationship among West European populations and a major barrier to gene flow between West European and Balkan populations. CONCLUSIONS The results of this first effort to map kdr mutations in Ae. albopictus on a continental scale show a widespread presence of the V1016G allele in Europe, although at lower frequencies than those previously reported from Italy. This represents a wake-up call for mosquito surveillance programs in Europe to include PCR-genotyping of pyrethroid resistance alleles, as well as phenotypic resistance assessments, in their routine activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Pichler
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica & Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Beniamino Caputo
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica & Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Vera Valadas
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto De Higiene E Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova De Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martina Micocci
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica & Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Cintia Horvath
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Chiara Virgillito
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica & Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Georgios Balatsos
- Laboratory of Insects & Parasites of Medical Importance, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifisia, Greece
| | - Christelle Bender
- Syndicat de Lutte Contre Les Moustiques du Bas-Rhin, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gilles Besnard
- Entente Interdépartementale Rhône-Alpes pour la Démoustication, Chindrieux, France
| | - Daniel Bravo-Barriga
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura (UEx), Cáceres, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Elena Falcuta
- Cantacuzino, National Military-Medical Institute of Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eleonora Flacio
- University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Ana L García-Pérez
- Neiker-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Derio, Spain
| | | | | | - Gregory L'Ambert
- Entente Interdépartementale Rhône-Alpes pour la Démoustication, Chindrieux, France
| | | | - Eduardo Marabuto
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Antonios Michaelakis
- Laboratory of Insects & Parasites of Medical Importance, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifisia, Greece
| | - Andrei Mihalca
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ognyan Mikov
- National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miguel A Miranda
- Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Pie Müller
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Maria Teresa Rebelo
- CESAM-Ciências, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vincent Robert
- Mivegec Laboratory, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Ana Tello
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Toni Zitko
- Institute of Public Health of Split-Dalmatia County, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Joao Pinto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto De Higiene E Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova De Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alessandra Della Torre
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica & Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Virgillito C, Manica M, Marini G, Rosà R, Della Torre A, Martini S, Drago A, Baseggio A, Caputo B. Evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp. Israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus Combination Against Culex pipiens in Highly Vegetated Ditches. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2022; 38:40-45. [PMID: 35276728 DOI: 10.2987/21-7024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Among the few mosquito larvicides available in the market, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) and B. sphaericus (Bs) represent the most environmentally safe alternatives. The combination of the 2 products is known to overcome their specific limitations by producing a synergistic effect. The aim of the study was to assess the effect and persistence of a single treatment with a granular Bti + Bs formulation on highly vegetated ditches in northeastern Italy that represents the primary rural larval sites for Culex pipiens, the primary vector of the West Nile virus in Europe. The analysis takes into account the nonlinear temporal effects on the population dynamics of larvae and pupae. The results showed a dramatic reduction in mosquito larval abundance 24 h posttreatment (93%) and was effective against larvae up to 22 days (100%). The residual effect after 28 days was 99.5%, and a limited residual effect was observed after 39 days (31.2%). A reduction in pupal density was observed after 4 days (70%) and was >98% from days 14 to 28 posttreatment, persisting for up to 39 days (84% after 39 days). The results demonstrate the effective use of the Bti + Bs formulation against Cx. pipiens in vegetated ditches in rural areas. Our modeling framework provides a flexible statistical approach to predict the residual effect of the product over time, in order to plan a seasonal intervention scheme.
Collapse
|
9
|
Caputo B, Tondossoma N, Virgillito C, Pichler V, Serini P, Calzetta M, Manica M, Coulibaly ZI, Dia I, Akré M, Offianan A, Della Torre A. Is Côte D'Ivoire a new high hybridization zone for the two major malaria vectors, Anopheles coluzzii and An. gambiae (Diptera, Culicidae)? Infect Genet Evol 2022; 98:105215. [PMID: 35063691 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anopheles gambiae and An. coluzzii are very closely related and recently differentiated species representing the main malaria vectors in the Afrotropical region and responsible of up to >3 infective bites/person/night in Côte D'Ivoire, where prevention and control has stagnated in recent years. The aim of the present study was to genetically and ecologically characterize An. gambiae and An. coluzzii populations from two villages of Côte D'Ivoire, lying in the coastal forest belt and 250 km inland in the Guinean savannah mosaic belt, respectively. Results reveal high frequencies of both species in both study sites and high frequencies of hybrids (4-33%) along the whole year of sampling. Consistently with observations for the well-known high hybridization zone at the far-west of the species range, hybrid frequencies were higher in the coastal village and highest when the two species occurred at more balanced frequencies, supporting the "frequency-dependent hybridization" ecological speciation theory. Pilot genotyping revealed signatures of genomic admixture in both chromosome-X and -3. Coupled with previous reports of hybrids in the region, the results point to the coastal region of Côte D'Ivoire as a possible regions of high hybridization. Preliminary characterization of parameters relevant for malaria transmission and control (e.g. possibly higher sporozoite rates and indoor biting preferences in hybrids than in the parental species) highlight the possible relevance of the breakdown of reproductive barriers between An. gambiae and An. coluzzii not only in the field of ecological evolution, but also in malaria epidemiology and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Caputo
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Naminata Tondossoma
- Unité de Paludologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte D'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte D'Ivoire; Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte D'Ivoire
| | - Chiara Virgillito
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Unité de Paludologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte D'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte D'Ivoire; Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte D'Ivoire; Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Verena Pichler
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Serini
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Calzetta
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Manica
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy; Center for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Ibrahima Dia
- Unité d'entomologie médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, Dakar, BP 220, Senegal
| | - Maurice Akré
- Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte D'Ivoire
| | - Andre Offianan
- Unité de Paludologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte D'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte D'Ivoire
| | - Alessandra Della Torre
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Caputo B, Langella G, Petrella V, Virgillito C, Manica M, Filipponi F, Varone M, Primo P, Puggioli A, Bellini R, D’Antonio C, Iesu L, Tullo L, Rizzo C, Longobardi A, Sollazzo G, Perrotta MM, Fabozzi M, Palmieri F, Saccone G, Rosà R, della Torre A, Salvemini M. Aedes albopictus bionomics data collection by citizen participation on Procida Island, a promising Mediterranean site for the assessment of innovative and community-based integrated pest management methods. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009698. [PMID: 34529653 PMCID: PMC8445450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the colonization of Mediterranean Europe and of other temperate regions by Aedes albopictus created an unprecedented nuisance problem in highly infested areas and new public health threats due to the vector competence of the species. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and the Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT) are insecticide-free mosquito-control methods, relying on mass release of irradiated/manipulated males, able to complement existing and only partially effective control tools. The validation of these approaches in the field requires appropriate experimental settings, possibly isolated to avoid mosquito immigration from other infested areas, and preliminary ecological and entomological data. We carried out a 4-year study in the island of Procida (Gulf of Naples, Italy) in strict collaboration with local administrators and citizens to estimate the temporal dynamics, spatial distribution, and population size of Ae. albopictus and the dispersal and survival of irradiated males. We applied ovitrap monitoring, geo-spatial analyses, mark-release-recapture technique, and a citizen-science approach. Results allow to predict the seasonal (from April to October, with peaks of 928-9,757 males/ha) and spatial distribution of the species, highlighting the capacity of Ae. albopictus population of Procida to colonize and maintain high frequencies in urban as well as in sylvatic inhabited environments. Irradiated males shown limited ability to disperse (mean daily distance travelled <60m) and daily survival estimates ranging between 0.80 and 0.95. Overall, the ecological characteristics of the island, the acquired knowledge on Ae. albopictus spatial and temporal distribution, the high human and Ae. albopictus densities and the positive attitude of the resident population in being active parts in innovative mosquito control projects provide the ground for evidence-based planning of the interventions and for the assessment of their effectiveness. In addition, the results highlight the value of creating synergies between research groups, local administrators, and citizens for affordable monitoring (and, in the future, control) of mosquito populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Caputo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliano Langella
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Petrella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Virgillito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Mattia Manica
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Center for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
| | - Federico Filipponi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Varone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Primo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Romeo Bellini
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “Giorgio Nicoli”, Crevalcore, Italy
| | | | - Luca Iesu
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Liliana Tullo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Rizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Germano Sollazzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Miriana Fabozzi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Palmieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saccone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Rosà
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Centre Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Alessandra della Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvemini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ngom EHM, Virgillito C, Manica M, Rosà R, Pichler V, Sarleti N, Kassé I, Diallo M, della Torre A, Dia I, Caputo B. Entomological Survey Confirms Changes in Mosquito Composition and Abundance in Senegal and Reveals Discrepancies among Results by Different Host-Seeking Female Traps. Insects 2021; 12:692. [PMID: 34442258 PMCID: PMC8396443 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes-borne diseases are major public health issues particularly in Africa. Vector control interventions and human-made environmental/climatic changes significantly affect the distribution and abundance of vector species. We carried out an entomological survey targeting host-seeking mosquitos in two different ecological contexts-coastal and inland-in Senegal, by CDC-light and BG-sentinel traps. Results show high predominance of Culex quinquefasciatus (90%) and of Anopheles arabiensis within malaria vectors (46%), with mean numbers of females/trap/nights =8 and <1, respectively, reinforcing previous evidence of changes in species composition and abundance, highlighting thus increasing risk of transmission of filariasis and emerging arboviruses in the Senegambia region. From the methodological perspective, results show a higher specificity of BG traps for Cx. quinquefasciatus and of CDC traps for An. gambiae s.l. and highlight that, despite both traps target the host-seeking fraction of the population, they provide different patterns of species abundance, temporal dynamics and host-seeking activity, leading to possible misinterpretation of the species bionomics. This draws attention to the need of taking into account trapping performance, in order to provide realistic quantification of the number of mosquitoes per units of space and time, the crucial parameter for evaluating vector-human contact, and estimating risk of pathogen transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- El Hadji Malick Ngom
- Medical Zoology Pole, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 12500, Senegal; (E.H.M.N.); (I.K.); (M.D.)
| | - Chiara Virgillito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.V.); (V.P.); (N.S.); (A.d.T.)
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Edmund Mach Foundation, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (M.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Mattia Manica
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Edmund Mach Foundation, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (M.M.); (R.R.)
- Center for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, 380123 Trento, Italy
| | - Roberto Rosà
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Edmund Mach Foundation, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (M.M.); (R.R.)
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.V.); (V.P.); (N.S.); (A.d.T.)
| | - Noemi Sarleti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.V.); (V.P.); (N.S.); (A.d.T.)
| | - Isseu Kassé
- Medical Zoology Pole, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 12500, Senegal; (E.H.M.N.); (I.K.); (M.D.)
| | - Mawlouth Diallo
- Medical Zoology Pole, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 12500, Senegal; (E.H.M.N.); (I.K.); (M.D.)
| | - Alessandra della Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.V.); (V.P.); (N.S.); (A.d.T.)
| | - Ibrahima Dia
- Medical Zoology Pole, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 12500, Senegal; (E.H.M.N.); (I.K.); (M.D.)
| | - Beniamino Caputo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.V.); (V.P.); (N.S.); (A.d.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Perugini E, Guelbeogo WM, Calzetta M, Manzi S, Virgillito C, Caputo B, Pichler V, Ranson H, Sagnon N, Della Torre A, Pombi M. Behavioural plasticity of Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles arabiensis undermines LLIN community protective effect in a Sudanese-savannah village in Burkina Faso. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:277. [PMID: 32487147 PMCID: PMC7268364 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the overall major impact of long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) in eliciting individual and collective protection to malaria infections, some sub-Saharan countries, including Burkina Faso, still carry a disproportionately high share of the global malaria burden. This study aims to analyse the possible entomological bases of LLIN limited impact, focusing on a LLIN-protected village in the Plateau Central region of Burkina Faso. METHODS Human landing catches (HLCs) were carried out in 2015 for 12 nights both indoors and outdoors at different time windows during the highest biting activity phase for Anopheles gambiae (s.l.). Collected specimens were morphologically and molecularly identified and processed for Plasmodium detection and L1014F insecticide-resistance allele genotyping. RESULTS Almost 2000 unfed An. gambiae (s.l.) (54% Anopheles coluzzii and 44% Anopheles arabiensis) females landing on human volunteers were collected, corresponding to a median number of 23.5 females/person/hour. No significant differences were observed in median numbers of mosquitoes collected indoors and outdoors, nor between sporozoite rates in An. coluzzii (6.1%) and An. arabiensis (5.5%). The estimated median hourly entomological inoculation rate (EIR) on volunteers was 1.4 infective bites/person/hour. Results do not show evidence of the biting peak during night hours typical for An. gambiae (s.l.) in the absence of bednet protection. The frequency of the L1014F resistant allele (n = 285) was 66% in An. coluzzii and 38% in An. arabiensis. CONCLUSIONS The observed biting rate and sporozoite rates are in line with the literature data available for An. gambiae (s.l.) in the same geographical area before LLIN implementation and highlight high levels of malaria transmission in the study village. Homogeneous biting rate throughout the night and lack of preference for indoor-biting activity, suggest the capacity of both An. coluzzii and An. arabiensis to adjust their host-seeking behaviour to bite humans despite bednet protection, accounting for the maintenance of high rates of mosquito infectivity and malaria transmission. These results, despite being limited to a local situation in Burkina Faso, represent a paradigmatic example of how high densities and behavioural plasticity in the vector populations may contribute to explaining the limited impact of LLINs on malaria transmission in holo-endemic Sudanese savannah areas in West Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Perugini
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Wamdaogo Moussa Guelbeogo
- Centre National de Recherche et Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), Ouagadougou 01, BP 2208, Burkina Faso
| | - Maria Calzetta
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Sara Manzi
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Chiara Virgillito
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, 00185, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biodiversità ed Ecologia Molecolare, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Beniamino Caputo
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Verena Pichler
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Hilary Ranson
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - N'Fale Sagnon
- Centre National de Recherche et Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), Ouagadougou 01, BP 2208, Burkina Faso
| | - Alessandra Della Torre
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, 00185, Italy.
| | - Marco Pombi
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, 00185, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pedullà E, La Rosa GRM, Virgillito C, Rapisarda E, Kim HC, Generali L. Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Nickel-titanium Rotary Instruments according to the Angle of File Access and Radius of Root Canal. J Endod 2020; 46:431-436. [PMID: 31911005 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the influences from different access angles and curvature radii on cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium rotary files. METHODS Two file systems (2Shape [TS; MicroMega, Besançon, France] and HyFlex CM [HCM; Coltène/Whaledent, Allstätten, Switzerland]) were used. A total of 192 instruments of TS #25/.04 (TS1), TS #25/.06 (TS2), HCM #25/.04, and HCM #25/.06 were evaluated at 3 insertion angles (0°, 10°, and 20°) and 2 radii (5 mm and 3 mm) in 16-mm stainless steel artificial canals with a 60° curvature. Cyclic fatigue resistance was determined by the number of cycles to failure (NCF) using a customized testing device. Data were analyzed statistically with the significance level established at 95%. RESULTS In the 3-mm radius canal, the instruments showed lower cyclic fatigue resistance than in the 5-mm radius canal (P < .05). HCM #25/.06 and all .04 taper instruments had a significant NCF reduction at 20° and 10° in the 3-mm radius canal (P < .05), whereas TS2 showed no significant differences. In the 5-mm radius of curvature, although .06 taper instruments had no significant NCF reduction for each angle tested, .04 taper files exhibited significant NCF reduction when tested at 20° (P < .05). Comparing the same size instruments, HCM had higher NCF than TS (P < .05). Instruments with a .04 taper exhibited higher NCF than the .06 ones with the same heat treatment (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS An inclined insertion into the canals decreased cyclic fatigue resistance of thermal-treated instruments with a .04 taper at all radii of curvature tested. The synergistic effect of a small radius of curvature and access angulation of heat-treated instruments decreases their fatigue resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Pedullà
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Virgillito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ernesto Rapisarda
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
| | - Luigi Generali
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|