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Alderman C. Making Drug Therapy Safer and More Effective Is a Primary Concern for Pharmacists Everywhere. Sr Care Pharm 2024; 39:127-128. [PMID: 38528339 DOI: 10.4140/tcp.n.2024.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Evidence is a critical consideration in any clinical process, where there is usually potential for interventions to cause harm or to have unintended consequences arising from a change to the course of patient management. Pharmacists working in the care of older people are well-versed in this concept, given that medication use can create clinical benefit and drug-related harm through mechanisms such as toxicities and drug interactions. Published in this edition of the journal, there is discussion of the utility of pharmacogenomics to guide drug therapy. This is meritorious science, but if everyone is honest, it is hardly something new, or for that matter, widely used. But what underlies the imperative to continue to disseminate this information in a peer-reviewed, indexed journal? The answer lies not so much in validating the science but in promoting the approach.
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Yığman M, Yığman F, Özcan C, Aytekin C. Sexual satisfaction and vaccine application in health professionals in the COVID-19 pandemic. Urologia 2024; 91:176-182. [PMID: 37933833 DOI: 10.1177/03915603231210351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual satisfaction have been emphasized in many studies. However, there is not much information about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sexual satisfaction of healthcare professionals. In addition, it is not known exactly how vaccination application affects sexual satisfaction. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate whether the sexual satisfaction of male health personnel would change with vaccination. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and two unvaccinated and 95 vaccinated male healthcare professionals participated in this study. The COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S) and The New Sexual Satisfaction Scale (NSSS) were administered to the participants. RESULTS We did not detect any difference in sexual satisfaction according to vaccine administration. However, we found significant relationships between COVID-19 anxiety and sexual satisfaction. On the other hand, age, fear of COVID-19, and previous COVID-19 infection story were predictive factors on sexual satisfaction. CONCLUSION The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual satisfaction are multifaceted. Our findings indicate that fear of COVID-19, rather than vaccination, determines sexual satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Yığman
- Department of Urology, Ankara Etlik Integrated Health Campus, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Yığman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cihat Özcan
- Department of Urology, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cuma Aytekin
- Department of Urology, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
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Wojczewski S, Leitner KM, Hoffmann K, Kutalek R, Jirovsky-Platter E. Vaccine hesitancy among physicians: a qualitative study with general practitioners and paediatricians in Austria and Germany. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e077411. [PMID: 38262649 PMCID: PMC10806645 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand reasons for vaccine hesitancy (VH) among general practioners (GPs) and paediatricians. We aim to analyse how and when the healthcare workers (HCWs) developed vaccine-hesitant views and how they transfer these to patients. DESIGN AND SETTING Semistructured interviews with vaccine-hesitant GPs and paediatricians were conducted in Austria and Germany using an explorative qualitative research design. PARTICIPANTS We contacted 41 physicians through letters and emails and 10 agreed to participate, five were male and five female. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Ten interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and anonymised. The material was analysed inductively following a grounded theory approach with open coding using the software atlas.ti. RESULTS Key themes that were identified were education and career path, understanding of medicine and medical profession, experiences with vaccines, doctor-patient interactions and continuous education activities and the link to VH. GPs and paediatricians' vaccine-hesitant attitudes developed during their medical training and, in particular, during extracurricular training in homeopathy, which most of the participants completed. Most participants work in private practices rather than with contracts with social insurance because they are not satisfied with the health system. Furthermore, they are critical of biomedicine. Most of the interview partners do not consider themselves antivaccination, but are sceptical towards vaccines and especially point out the side effects. Most do not vaccinate in their practices and some do only occasionally. Their vaccine-hesitant views are often fostered through respective online communities of vaccine-hesitant HCWs. CONCLUSIONS More studies on a connection between complementary medicine and vaccine-hesitant views of HCWs are needed. Education about vaccines and infectious diseases among healthworkers must increase especially tailored towards the use of internet and social media. Physicians should be made aware that through time and empathy towards their patients they could have a positive impact on undecided patients and parents regarding vaccine decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Wojczewski
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Kathryn Hoffmann
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruth Kutalek
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena Jirovsky-Platter
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Cogan N, Mcinnes L, Lingg V, Flowers P, Rasmussen S, Williams L. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among health and social care workers during mass vaccination in Scotland. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2938-2952. [PMID: 36082425 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2121975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Health and social care workers (HSCWs) have an essential role in the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccination is an emotionally charged issue and perceptions of risk associated with COVID19 can contribute towards vaccine hesitancy (VH). The aim of this study was to explore the role of emotion and risk perception associated with HSCWs' uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine during the initial mass roll-out of the vaccine in Scotland. A cross-sectional online survey with a correlational design was used. An online survey was conducted with HSCWs (N = 1189) aged 18 to 67 years (M = 44.09 yrs, SD = 11.48) working in Scotland during the third lockdown period (26 December - 31 March 2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey collected data relating to sociodemographic characteristics, vaccine uptake and VH, emotions associated with the COVID-19 vaccine, and risk perception. Open-ended free text data were also collected on HSCWs' main reasons for VH. Most participants (83.96%) felt positively about the roll-out of the COVID-19 vaccine, stating it would be beneficial for themselves and others to receive it. Nonetheless, 16.04% of HSCWs expressed VH. Occupational group, age, gender and risk perceptions did not affect variance in VH, but positive emotions associated with the COVID-19 vaccine and years of experience did. We emphasise the importance of future interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake by enhancing positive emotions and reducing ambivalent emotions associated with the COVID-19 vaccine particularly among less experienced HSCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cogan
- School of Psychological Sciences & Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Lisa Mcinnes
- School of Psychological Sciences & Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Vanissia Lingg
- School of Psychological Sciences & Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Paul Flowers
- School of Psychological Sciences & Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Susan Rasmussen
- School of Psychological Sciences & Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Lynn Williams
- School of Psychological Sciences & Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
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Peacock E, Craig LS, Wilson M, Williams L, Dahir SA, Tang W, Cyprian A, Dery M, Gilliam D, Nguyen D, Smith K, Valliere M, Williams S, Wiltz G, Winfrey K, Davis T, Arnold C, Theall K, Sarpong D, Krousel-Wood M. COVID-19 vaccination likelihood among federally qualified health center patients: Lessons learned for future health crises. Am J Med Sci 2023; 366:321-329. [PMID: 37619894 PMCID: PMC10962256 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To prepare for rollout of a COVID-19 vaccine in fall 2020, there was an urgent need to understand barriers to ensuring equitable access and addressing vaccine skepticism and resistance. This study aimed to understand the association between trusted sources of COVID-19 information and likelihood of vaccination during that time, focusing on lessons learned to prepare for future public health crises. METHODS From December 2020-March 2021, we surveyed a probability-based, cross-sectional sample of 955 patients across seven federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) serving predominantly low-income, Black and White populations in southeastern Louisiana. Vaccination likelihood was measured on a 7-point scale; "very likely to vaccinate" was defined as score=7. Trust in healthcare provider was measured with a single survey item. High trust in personal contacts, government, and media, respectively, were defined as the highest tertiles of summative scores of trust items. Weighted multivariable logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for being very likely to vaccinate. RESULTS Participants were 56% Black, 64% women, mean age 44.6 years; 33% were very likely to vaccinate. High trust in healthcare provider (aOR=4.14, 95% CI 2.26-7.57) and government sources (aOR=3.23, 95% CI 1.98-5.28) were associated with being very likely to vaccinate. CONCLUSIONS During initial COVID-19 vaccination rollout, trust in healthcare providers and government sources of COVID-19 information was associated with likelihood to vaccinate in FQHC patients. To inform public health planning for future crises, we highlight lessons learned for translating community-relevant insights into direct action to reach those most impacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Peacock
- Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Leslie S Craig
- Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - LaKeisha Williams
- Xavier University of Louisiana, College of Pharmacy, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sara Al Dahir
- Xavier University of Louisiana, College of Pharmacy, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wan Tang
- Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Diem Nguyen
- NOELA Community Health Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Terry Davis
- Louisiana State University Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Connie Arnold
- Louisiana State University Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Katherine Theall
- Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Daniel Sarpong
- Yale University, School of Medicine, Office of Health Equity Research, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marie Krousel-Wood
- Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Zhang J, Pan Y, Lin H, Sun Z, Wu P, Tu J. Infodemic: Challenges and solutions in topic discovery and data process. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:166. [PMID: 37679764 PMCID: PMC10483774 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was a huge shock to society, and the ensuing information problems had a huge impact on society at the same time. The urgent need to understand the Infodemic, i.e., the importance of the spread of false information related to the epidemic, has been highlighted. However, while there is a growing interest in this phenomenon, studies on the topic discovery, data collection, and data preparation phases of the information analysis process have been lacking. OBJECTIVE Since the epidemic is unprecedented and has not ended to this day, we aimed to examine the existing Infodemic-related literature from January 2019 to December 2022. METHODS We have systematically searched ScienceDirect and IEEE Xplore databases with some search limitations. From the searched literature we selected titles, abstracts and keywords, and limitations sections. We conducted an extensive structured literature search and analysis by filtering the literature and sorting out the available information. RESULTS A total of 47 papers ended up meeting the requirements of this review. Researchers in all of these literatures encountered different challenges, most of which were focused on the data collection step, with few challenges encountered in the data preparation phase and almost none in the topic discovery section. The challenges were mainly divided into the points of how to collect data quickly, how to get the required data samples, how to filter the data, what to do if the data set is too small, how to pick the right classifier and how to deal with topic drift and diversity. In addition, researchers have proposed partial solutions to the challenges, and we have also proposed possible solutions. CONCLUSIONS This review found that Infodemic is a rapidly growing research area that attracts the interest of researchers from different disciplines. The number of studies in this field has increased significantly in recent years, with researchers from different countries, including the United States, India, and China. Infodemic topic discovery, data collection, and data preparation are not easy, and each step faces different challenges. While there is some research in this emerging field, there are still many challenges that need to be addressed. These findings highlight the need for more articles to address these issues and fill these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Zhang
- School of Computer Science, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Pan
- School of Computer Science, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Lin
- School of Engineering Audit, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Public Project Audit, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhoubao Sun
- School of Engineering Audit, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Public Project Audit, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingping Wu
- School of Engineering Audit, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Public Project Audit, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Tu
- The Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Tay WC, Bewley A, Maul JT, Oon HH. Attitudes towards COVID Vaccine and Vaccine Hesitancy in Dermatology: A Narrative Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1365. [PMID: 37631933 PMCID: PMC10459048 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy has been a contentious issue even before the pandemic. The COVID-19 crisis has further amplified vaccine hesitancy, with worries about adverse effects, cultural and religious beliefs, and misinformation on social media. In dermatology, patients with pre-existing skin conditions may have specific concerns about the impact of the vaccine on their skin health. Factors such as cutaneous reactions, potential flares of underlying conditions, and fears of psoriasis worsening post-vaccination contribute to vaccine hesitancy. Healthcare professionals, including dermatologists, play a crucial role in addressing vaccine hesitancy by providing accurate information, addressing concerns, and understanding the psychological impact on patients. The concept of vaccine fatigue is also explored, noting the challenges in sustaining vaccine acceptance over time, especially with regards to booster vaccinations. Overcoming vaccine hesitancy requires trust-building, effective communication strategies, and collaboration between healthcare workers and non-healthcare individuals to combat misinformation. By recognizing and addressing psychological factors, dermatologists can increase vaccine acceptance and improve public health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Chiao Tay
- National Skin Centre, 1 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308205, Singapore
| | - Anthony Bewley
- Department of Dermatology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E11 1NR, UK
- Queen Mary University, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Julia-Tatjana Maul
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hazel H. Oon
- National Skin Centre, Skin Research Institute of Singapore, 1 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308205, Singapore
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Mongin D, Buclin CP, Cullati S, Courvoisier DS. COVID-19 Vaccination Rate under Different Political Incentive: A Counterfactual Trend Approach Using Nationwide Data. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1149. [PMID: 37514965 PMCID: PMC10385043 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: France implemented a COVID-19 certificate in July 2021 to incentivize the population to uptake COVID-19 vaccines. However, little is known about the variation in its impact across age groups and its dependence on socio-demographic, economic, logistic, or political factors. (2) Methods: Using France's weekly first dose vaccination rate, a counterfactual trend approach allowed for the estimation of the vaccination rate across age groups at a small geographical level before and after the implementation of the health pass. The effect of the health pass was operationalized as the vaccination rate among those who would not be vaccinated without it. (3) Results: Vaccination before the health pass varied greatly among age groups and was mainly influenced by territory (lower in rural and overseas territories when compared to urban and metropolitan ones), political beliefs, and socio-economic disparities. Vaccine logistics played a minor but significant role, while the impact of COVID-19 did not affect the vaccination rate. The health pass increased the vaccination overall but with varying efficiency across groups. It convinced mainly young people politically close to the governmental vaccination strategy and living in urban metropolitan areas with low socio-economical discrepancies. The selected variables explained most of the variability of the vaccination rate before the health pass; they explained, at most, a third of the variation in the health pass effect on vaccination. (4) Conclusions: From a public health perspective, the French health pass increased the overall vaccination, but failed to promote preventive behaviours in all segments of society, particularly in vulnerable communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Mongin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clement P Buclin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Cullati
- Division Quality of Care, Geneva University Hospitals, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Delphine S Courvoisier
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Division Quality of Care, Geneva University Hospitals, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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McCready JL, Nichol B, Steen M, Unsworth J, Comparcini D, Tomietto M. Understanding the barriers and facilitators of vaccine hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine in healthcare workers and healthcare students worldwide: An Umbrella Review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280439. [PMID: 37043505 PMCID: PMC10096263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers (HCWs) and healthcare students display high levels of vaccine hesitancy with impact on healthcare provision, patient safety, and health promotion. The factors related to vaccine hesitancy have been reported in several systematic reviews. However, this evidence needs to be synthesised, as interventions to reduce vaccination hesitancy in this population are needed. METHODS This Umbrella Review aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators of vaccine hesitancy toward the COVID-19 vaccine for HCWs and healthcare students. The review was performed and reported in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institutes guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A protocol was preregistered on PROSPERO (CRD42022327354). Eight databases were searched from November 2019 to 23rd May 2022 to identify any systematic reviews that explored factors associated with hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine for HCWs or healthcare students. RESULTS A total of 31 studies were included in the review. The majority of studies (71%) were appraised as strong or moderate quality and there was a slight degree of overlap (<5%) of primary studies between the reviews. Vaccine hesitancy was more common among HCWs and healthcare students in specific occupational roles (e.g. nurses) than others (e.g. physicians). Frequent reasons for hesitancy were related to sociodemographic factors (gender, age, ethnicity), occupational factors (COVID-19 exposure, perceived risk, mandatory vaccination), health factors (vaccination history), vaccine-related factors (concerns about safety, efficacy, side-effects, rapid development, testing, approval and distribution of the vaccine), social factors (social pressure, altruism and collective responsibility), distrust factors (key social actors, pandemic management), information factors (inadequate information and sources, exposure to misinformation). CONCLUSION The results from this Umbrella Review have wide-reaching implications for the research area, healthcare systems and institutions and governments worldwide. Designing tailored strategies for specific occupational groups is pivotal to increasing vaccine uptake and securing a safe healthcare provision worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Louise McCready
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany Nichol
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Steen
- Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John Unsworth
- Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marco Tomietto
- Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
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Hammershaimb EA, Campbell JD, O'Leary ST. Coronavirus Disease-2019 Vaccine Hesitancy. Pediatr Clin North Am 2023; 70:243-257. [PMID: 36841593 PMCID: PMC9729588 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Early in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, before coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines were authorized, surveys began tracking public acceptance of a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine. As vaccines became more widely available, the focus shifted from evaluating premeditative thoughts about COVID-19 vaccines to observing behaviors, measuring uptake, and characterizing factors associated with acceptance. A wealth of peer-reviewed literature examining the complexities of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance has emerged, but our understanding of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance is constantly evolving. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge regarding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, with an emphasis on pediatric vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Adrianne Hammershaimb
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Research Facility 1, Research Facility 1, Room 480, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - James D Campbell
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Research Facility 1, Research Facility 1, Room 480, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sean T O'Leary
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, F443, 1890 North Revere Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Evolution and Control of COVID-19 Epidemic in Hong Kong. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112519. [PMID: 36423128 PMCID: PMC9698160 DOI: 10.3390/v14112519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hong Kong SAR has adopted universal masking, social distancing, testing of all symptomatic and high-risk groups for isolation of confirmed cases in healthcare facilities, and quarantine of contacts as epidemiological control measures without city lockdown or border closure. These measures successfully suppressed the community transmission of pre-Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants or lineages during the first to the fourth wave. No nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection was documented among healthcare workers in the first 300 days. The strategy of COVID-19 containment was adopted to provide additional time to achieve population immunity by vaccination. The near-zero COVID-19 situation for about 8 months in 2021 did not enable adequate immunization of the eligible population. A combination of factors was identified, especially population complacency associated with the low local COVID-19 activity, together with vaccine hesitancy. The importation of the highly transmissible Omicron variant kickstarted the fifth wave of COVID-19, which could no longer be controlled by our initial measures. The explosive fifth wave, which was partially contributed by vertical airborne transmission in high-rise residential buildings, resulted in over one million cases of infection. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology of COVID-19 and the infection control and public health measures against the importation and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 until day 1000.
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