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Li X, Wu Y, Jin Y. Exosomal LncRNAs and CircRNAs in lung cancer: Emerging regulators and potential therapeutic targets. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:1069-1079. [PMID: 39022675 PMCID: PMC11254510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies globally, characterized by high incidence and mortality rates among all cancers. The delayed diagnosis of lung cancer at intermediate to advanced stages frequently leads to suboptimal treatment outcomes. To improve the management of this disease, it is imperative to identify new, highly sensitive prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles with a lipid-bilayer structure and a size range of 30-150 nm, are pivotal in intercellular communication and play significant roles in lung cancer progression. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are highly prevalent within exosomes and play a crucial role in various pathophysiological processes mediated by these extracellular vesicles. Beyond their established functions in miRNA and protein sequestration, these ncRNAs are involved in regulating translation and interactions within exosomes. Numerous studies have highlighted the importance of exosomal lncRNAs and circRNAs in influencing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis in lung cancer. Due to their unique functional characteristics, these molecules are promising therapeutic targets and biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. This review provides a succinct summary of the formation of exosomal lncRNAs and circRNAs, clarifies their biological roles, and thoroughly explains the mechanisms by which they participate in the progression of lung cancer. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical applications and challenges associated with exosomal lncRNAs and circRNAs in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Center of Molecular Diagnostic, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yunbing Wu
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yue Jin
- Center of Molecular Diagnostic, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China
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Mu X, Yu C, Zhao Y, Hu X, Wang H, He Y, Wu H. Exosomal miR-1228-5p down-regulates DUSP22 to promotes cell proliferation and migration in small cell lung cancer. Life Sci 2024; 351:122787. [PMID: 38851418 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes play a crucial role in promoting tumor progression, dissemination, and resistance to treatment. These extracellular vesicles hold promise as valuable indicators for cancer detection. Our investigation focuses on exploring the significance and clinical relevance of exosomal miRNAs in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). METHODS Serum exosomes were isolated from both SCLC patients and healthy controls, and subjected to exosomal miRNA sequencing analysis. Mimics and inhibitors were employed to investigate the function of exosomal miR-1128-5p in cell migration and proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo. Western blot and luciferase assay were utilized to identify the interaction between miR-1228-5p and dual specificity phosphatase 22 (DUSP22). RESULTS Exosomal miRNA sequencing analysis revealed enrichment of specific miRNAs in SCLC compared to healthy controls. Circulating miR-1228-5p was upregulated in SCLC patients, associated with advanced stages, suggesting its potential oncogenic role. In vitro, miR-1228-5p expression was significantly higher in SCLC cells than in normal cells. SCLC cell-derived exosomes contained elevated levels of miR-1228-5p, facilitating its entry into co-cultured cells. Notably, migration and proliferation induced by SCLC exosomes were mainly mediated by miR-1228-5p. In vivo experiments confirmed these findings. Western blot analysis demonstrated miR-1228-5p's regulation of DUSP22 expression, and luciferase reporter assay validated DUSP22 as a direct target gene. Overexpressing DUSP22 counteracted miR-1228-5p's promotion of SCLC cell proliferation and migration. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results suggest that exosomes play a role in facilitating cancer growth and metastasis by delivering miR-1228-5p. Moreover, circulating exosomal miR-1228-5p may serve as a potential marker for SCLC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Mu
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaonan Yu
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiufeng Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hami Second People's, Hospital Hami Cancer Hospital, Hami, China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
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Wu J, Li R, Zhang H, Zheng Q, Tao W, Yang M, Zhu Y, Ji G, Li W. Screening for lung cancer using thin-slice low-dose computed tomography in southwestern China: a population-based real-world study. Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:1522-1532. [PMID: 38798230 PMCID: PMC11219290 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors threatening human life and health. At present, low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for the high-risk population to achieve early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer has become the first choice recommended by many authoritative international medical organizations. To further optimize the lung cancer screening method, we conducted a real-world study of LDCT lung cancer screening in a large sample of a healthy physical examination population, comparing differences in lung nodules and lung cancer detection between thin and thick-slice LDCT scanning. METHODS A total of 29 296 subjects who underwent low-dose thick-slice CT scanning (5 mm thickness) from January 2015 to December 2015 and 28 058 subjects who underwent low-dose thin-slice CT scanning (1 mm thickness) from January 2018 to December 2018 in West China Hospital were included. The positive detection rate, detection rate of lung cancer, pathological stage of lung cancer, and mortality rate of lung cancer were analyzed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS The positive rate of LDCT screening in the thin-slice scanning group was significantly higher than that in the thick-slice scanning group (20.1% vs. 14.4%, p < 0.001). In addition, the lung cancer detection rate in the thin-slice LDCT screening positive group was significantly higher than that in the thick-slice scanning group (78.0% vs. 52.9%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The screening positive rate of low-dose thin-slice CT scanning is higher and more early-stage lung cancer (IA1 stage) can be detected in the screen-positive group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and MultimorbidityWest China HospitalChengduChina
- Institute of Respiratory Health and MultimorbidityWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ruicen Li
- Health Management Center, General Practice Medical CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Huohuo Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and MultimorbidityWest China HospitalChengduChina
- Institute of Respiratory Health and MultimorbidityWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qian Zheng
- West China Clinical Medical CollegeSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wenjuan Tao
- Institute of Hospital ManagementWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ming Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Center of Gerontology and GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Health Management Center, General Practice Medical CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Guiyi Ji
- Health Management Center, General Practice Medical CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and MultimorbidityWest China HospitalChengduChina
- Institute of Respiratory Health and MultimorbidityWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular NetworkWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesWest China HospitalChengduChina
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Wei X, Wang F, Tan P, Huang H, Wang Z, Xie J, Wang L, Liu D, Hu Z. The interactions between traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbiota in cancers: Current status and future perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107148. [PMID: 38522760 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, known as the "forgotten organ" and "human second genome," comprises a complex microecosystem. It significantly influences the development of various tumors, including colorectal, liver, stomach, breast, and lung cancers, through both direct and indirect mechanisms. These mechanisms include the "gut-liver" axis, the "lung-intestine" axis, and interactions with the immune system. The intestinal flora exhibits dual roles in cancer, both promoting and suppressing its progression. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can alter cancer progression by regulating the intestinal flora. It modifies the intestinal flora's composition and structure, along with the levels of endogenous metabolites, thus affecting the intestinal barrier, immune system, and overall body metabolism. These actions contribute to TCM's significant antitumor effects. Moreover, the gut microbiota metabolizes TCM components, enhancing their antitumor properties. Therefore, exploring the interaction between TCM and the intestinal flora offers a novel perspective in understanding TCM's antitumor mechanisms. This paper succinctly reviews the association between gut flora and the development of tumors, including colorectal, liver, gastric, breast, and lung cancers. It further examines current research on the interaction between TCM and intestinal flora, with a focus on its antitumor efficacy. It identifies limitations in existing studies and suggests recommendations, providing insights into antitumor drug research and exploring TCM's antitumor effectiveness. Additionally, this paper aims to guide future research on TCM and the gut microbiota in antitumor studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Tan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huiming Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhuguo Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinxin Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Longyan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongxiao Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Mori Y, Seguchi M, Iio Y, Aoyama Y, Tanaka M, Kozai H, Ito M. Factors Influencing Willingness to Undergo Lung Cancer Screening in the Future: A Cross-Sectional Study of Japanese University Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:849. [PMID: 38667611 PMCID: PMC11050173 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12080849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is currently the leading cause of cancer deaths in Japan. Early detection through lung cancer screening (LCS) is important for reducing mortality. Therefore, exploring the factors affecting willingness to undergo LCS, particularly among young people, is important. This study aimed to elucidate the inclination toward LCS and its determining factors among Japanese university students. This cross-sectional study, involving 10,969 Japanese university students, was conducted in April 2023. A Pearson's chi-square test and a binomial logistic regression analysis were used to analyze factors related to the dependent variable, willingness to undergo LCS in the future. Out of the 6779 participants (61.8%) involved in this study, 6504 (95.9%) provided valid responses, and 4609 (70.9%) expressed a willingness to undergo LCS in the future. Analysis revealed current smoking as a barrier to future willingness to undergo LCS. Other barriers included postponing the age of screening, anxiety about the screening content, and concerns about the possibility of having cancer after screening. Addressing barriers, such as current smoking and anxiety about screening, that prevent young people from undergoing LCS in the future is crucial. Therefore, universities should provide opportunities to educate students about LCS and explore various educational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Mori
- Department of Nursing, College of Life and Health Science, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan;
| | - Manato Seguchi
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.I.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yoko Iio
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.I.); (Y.A.)
- Department of Lifelong Sports and Health Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuka Aoyama
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.I.); (Y.A.)
- Department of Clinical Engineering, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (M.T.); (H.K.)
| | - Hana Kozai
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (M.T.); (H.K.)
| | - Morihiro Ito
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.I.); (Y.A.)
- Department of Lifelong Sports and Health Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
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Han S, Zhang Y, Yuan J, Wu Y, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Li X, Zhou S. sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 in plasma of patients with lung cancer and their clinical significance. Cytokine 2024; 176:156532. [PMID: 38330638 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. We aim here to determine the soluble programmed death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) and soluble programmed death ligand-2 (sPD-L2) levels in the plasma of patients with lung cancer and evaluate the clinical significance. METHODS Plasma samples from 95 lung cancer patients and 55 healthy donors were collected, and the sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlations of the plasma sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 levels with clinicopathological status and survival of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS The sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 levels in plasma of lung cancer patients were 713.8 (240.6-3815) pg/ mL and 3233(1122-13955) pg/ mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the health donors 618.6 (189.1-1149) pg/ mL and 2182 (1133-3471) pg/ mL, and the plasma levels of sPD-L1 are correlated with sPD-L2. ROC results showed that both sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 were potential biomarker for lung cancer, and with a higher accuracy level when combined with CEA. Patients with Higher plasma sPD-L1 level (>713.75 pg/ mL) are associated with poor overall survival in advanced lung cancer patients (197 days vs 643 days). CONCLUSIONS The combination of sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 could be used as adjunctive diagnostic, High level of plasma sPD-L1 rather than sPD-L2 is associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Han
- The Aoyang Cancer Institute, The Affilated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, 215600 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Aoyang Cancer Institute, The Affilated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, 215600 Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingzhi Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affilated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, 215600 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affilated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, 215600 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affilated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, 215600 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Affilated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, 215600 Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jiangsu Shengze Hospital, Suzhou, 215200, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuru Zhou
- The Aoyang Cancer Institute, The Affilated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, 215600 Jiangsu, China.
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Zhen S, Wang W, Qin G, Lu T, Yang L, Zhang Y. Dynamic surveillance of lymphocyte subsets in patients with non-small cell lung cancer during chemotherapy or combination immunotherapy for early prediction of efficacy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1316778. [PMID: 38482008 PMCID: PMC10933068 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1316778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Lymphocytes are the primary executors of the immune system and play essential roles in tumorigenesis and development. We investigated the dynamic changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets to predict the efficacy of chemotherapy or combination immunotherapy in NSCLC. Methods This retrospective study collected data from 81 patients with NSCLC who received treatments at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2021 to May 2023. Patients were divided into response and non-response groups, chemotherapy and combination immunotherapy groups, and first-line and multiline groups. We analyzed the absolute counts of each lymphocyte subset in the peripheral blood at baseline and after each treatment cycle. Within-group and between-group differences were analyzed using paired Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann-Whitney U tests, respectively. The ability of lymphocyte subsets to predict treatment efficacy was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curve and logistic regression. Results The absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets in the response group significantly increased after the first cycle of chemotherapy or combination immunotherapy, whereas those in the non-response group showed persistent decreases. Ratios of lymphocyte subsets after the first treatment cycle to those at baseline were able to predict treatment efficacy early. Combination immunotherapy could increase lymphocyte counts compared to chemotherapy alone. In addition, patients with NSCLC receiving chemotherapy or combination immunotherapy for the first time mainly presented with elevated lymphocyte levels, whereas multiline patients showed continuous reductions. Conclusion Dynamic surveillance of lymphocyte subsets could reflect a more actual immune status and predict efficacy early. Combination immunotherapy protected lymphocyte levels from rapid decrease and patients undergoing multiline treatments were more prone to lymphopenia than those receiving first-line treatment. This study provides a reference for the early prediction of the efficacy of clinical tumor treatment for timely combination of immunotherapy or the improvement of immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhen
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guohui Qin
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Taiying Lu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Montgomery MK, Duan C, Manzuk L, Chang S, Cubias A, Brun S, Giddabasappa A, Jiang ZK. Applying deep learning to segmentation of murine lung tumors in pre-clinical micro-computed tomography. Transl Oncol 2024; 40:101833. [PMID: 38128467 PMCID: PMC10776660 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death, but scientists have made great strides in developing new treatments recently, partly owing to the use of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). GEMM tumors represent a translational model that recapitulates human disease better than implanted models because tumors develop spontaneously in the lungs. However, detection of these tumors relies on in vivo imaging tools, specifically micro-Computed Tomography (micro-CT or µCT), and image analysis can be laborious with high inter-user variability. Here we present a deep learning model trained to perform fully automated segmentation of lung tumors without the interference of other soft tissues. Trained and tested on 100 3D µCT images (18,662 slices) that were manually segmented, the model demonstrated a high correlation to manual segmentations on the testing data (r2=0.99, DSC=0.78) and on an independent dataset (n = 12 3D scans or 2328 2D slices, r2=0.97, DSC=0.73). In a comparison against manual segmentation performed by multiple analysts, the model (r2=0.98, DSC=0.78) performed within inter-reader variability (r2=0.79, DSC=0.69) and close to intra-reader variability (r2=0.99, DSC=0.82), all while completing 5+ hours of manual segmentations in 1 minute. Finally, when applied to a real-world longitudinal study (n = 55 mice), the model successfully detected tumor progression over time and the differences in tumor burden between groups induced with different virus titers, aligning well with more traditional analysis methods. In conclusion, we have developed a deep learning model which can perform fast, accurate, and fully automated segmentation of µCT scans of murine lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chong Duan
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Lisa Manzuk
- Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Inc., 10646 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92121, United States
| | - Stephanie Chang
- Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Inc., 10646 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92121, United States
| | - Aiyana Cubias
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Sonja Brun
- Oncology Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 10646 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92121, United States
| | - Anand Giddabasappa
- Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Inc., 10646 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92121, United States
| | - Ziyue Karen Jiang
- Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Inc., 10646 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92121, United States.
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Blomberg R, Sompel K, Hauer C, Smith AJ, Peña B, Driscoll J, Hume PS, Merrick DT, Tennis MA, Magin CM. Hydrogel-Embedded Precision-Cut Lung Slices Model Lung Cancer Premalignancy Ex Vivo. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302246. [PMID: 37953708 PMCID: PMC10872976 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading global cause of cancer-related deaths. Although smoking cessation is the best prevention, 50% of lung cancer diagnoses occur in people who have quit smoking. Research into treatment options for high-risk patients is constrained to rodent models, which are time-consuming, expensive, and require large cohorts. Embedding precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) within an engineered hydrogel and exposing this tissue to vinyl carbamate, a carcinogen from cigarette smoke, creates an in vitro model of lung cancer premalignancy. Hydrogel formulations are selected to promote early lung cancer cellular phenotypes and extend PCLS viability to six weeks. Hydrogel-embedded PCLS are exposed to vinyl carbamate, which induces adenocarcinoma in mice. Analysis of proliferation, gene expression, histology, tissue stiffness, and cellular content after six weeks reveals that vinyl carbamate induces premalignant lesions with a mixed adenoma/squamous phenotype. Putative chemoprevention agents diffuse through the hydrogel and induce tissue-level changes. The design parameters selected using murine tissue are validated with hydrogel-embedded human PCLS and results show increased proliferation and premalignant lesion gene expression patterns. This tissue-engineered model of human lung cancer premalignancy is the foundation for more sophisticated ex vivo models that enable the study of carcinogenesis and chemoprevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Blomberg
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver |Anschutz, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kayla Sompel
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Caroline Hauer
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Alex J Smith
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Brisa Peña
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver |Anschutz, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute & Adult Medical Genetics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer Driscoll
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Patrick S Hume
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Daniel T Merrick
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Meredith A Tennis
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Chelsea M Magin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver |Anschutz, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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10
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Hijazo‐Pechero S, Alay A, Cordero D, Marín R, Vilariño N, Palmero R, Brenes J, Montalban‐Casafont A, Nadal E, Solé X. Transcriptional analysis of landmark molecular pathways in lung adenocarcinoma results in a clinically relevant classification with potential therapeutic implications. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:453-470. [PMID: 37943164 PMCID: PMC10850798 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a molecularly heterogeneous disease. In addition to genomic alterations, cancer transcriptional profiling can be helpful to tailor cancer treatment and to estimate each patient's outcome. Transcriptional activity levels of 50 molecular pathways were inferred in 4573 LUAD patients using Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) method. Seven LUAD subtypes were defined and independently validated based on the combined behavior of the studied pathways: AD (adenocarcinoma subtype) 1-7. AD1, AD4, and AD5 subtypes were associated with better overall survival. AD1 and AD4 subtypes were enriched in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, whereas AD2 and AD6 showed higher tumor protein p53 (TP53) alteration frequencies. AD2 and AD6 subtypes correlated with higher genome instability, proliferation-related pathway expression, and specific sensitivity to chemotherapy, based on data from LUAD cell lines. LUAD subtypes were able to predict immunotherapy response in addition to CD274 (PD-L1) gene expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB). AD2 and AD4 subtypes were associated with potential resistance and response to immunotherapy, respectively. Thus, analysis of transcriptomic data could improve patient stratification beyond genomics and single biomarkers (i.e., PD-L1 and TMB) and may lay the foundation for more personalized treatment avenues, especially in driver-negative LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hijazo‐Pechero
- Unit of Bioinformatics for Precision Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
- Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PrETT), Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid TumorsAugust Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Ania Alay
- Unit of Bioinformatics for Precision Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
- Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PrETT), Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - David Cordero
- Unit of Bioinformatics for Precision Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
- Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PrETT), Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Raúl Marín
- Unit of Bioinformatics for Precision Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
- Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PrETT), Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Noelia Vilariño
- Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PrETT), Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
- Neuro‐Oncology Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ramón Palmero
- Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PrETT), Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Jesús Brenes
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Aina Montalban‐Casafont
- Molecular Biology CORE, Center for Biomedical Diagnostics (CDB)Hospital Clínic de BarcelonaSpain
| | - Ernest Nadal
- Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PrETT), Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Xavier Solé
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid TumorsAugust Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- Molecular Biology CORE, Center for Biomedical Diagnostics (CDB)Hospital Clínic de BarcelonaSpain
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11
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Dwivedi K, Rajpal A, Rajpal S, Kumar V, Agarwal M, Kumar N. XL 1R-Net: Explainable AI-driven improved L 1-regularized deep neural architecture for NSCLC biomarker identification. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 108:107990. [PMID: 38000327 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exhibits intrinsic molecular heterogeneity, primarily driven by the mutation of specific biomarkers. Identification of these biomarkers would assist not only in distinguishing NSCLC into its major subtypes - Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma, but also in developing targeted therapy. Medical practitioners use one or more types of omic data to identify these biomarkers, copy number variation (CNV) being one such type. CNV provides a measure of genomic instability, which is considered a hallmark of carcinoma. However, the CNV data has not received much attention for biomarker identification. This paper aims to identify biomarkers for NSCLC using CNV data. METHODS An eXplainable AI (XAI)-driven L1-regularized deep learning architecture, XL1R-Net, is proposed that introduces a novel modification of the standard L1-regularized gradient descent algorithm to arrive at an improved deep neural classifier for NSCLC subtyping. Further, XAI-based feature identification has been used to leverage the trained classifier to uncover a set of twenty NCSLC-relevant biomarkers. RESULTS The identified biomarkers are evaluated based on their classification performance and clinical relevance. Using Multilayer Perceptron (MLP)-based model, a classification accuracy of 84.95% using 10-fold cross-validation is achieved. Moreover, the statistical significance test on the classification performance also revealed the superiority of the MLP model over the competitive machine learning models. Further, the publicly available Drug-Gene Interaction Database reveals twelve of the identified biomarkers as potentially druggable. The K-M Plotter tool was used to verify eighteen of the identified biomarkers with a high probability of predicting NSCLC patients' likelihood of survival. While nine of the identified biomarkers confirm the recent literature, five find mention in the OncoKB Gene List. CONCLUSION A set of seven novel biomarkers that have not been reported in the literature could be investigated for their potential contribution towards NSCLC therapy. Given NSCLC's genetic diversity, using only one omics data type may not adequately capture the tumor's complexity. Multiomics data and its integration with other sources will be examined in the future to better understand NSCLC heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kountay Dwivedi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Ankit Rajpal
- Department of Computer Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Sheetal Rajpal
- Department of Computer Science, Dyal Singh College, Delhi, India.
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Manoj Agarwal
- Department of Computer Science, Hans Raj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Computer Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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12
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Li S, Shi J, Wang L, Zhang D, Zhang H. EP300 promotes lung cancer cell proliferation by regulating the oncogenic transcription of Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 692:149330. [PMID: 38048728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional activation function of YAP in cancer development has been widely studied. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that EP300, one histone acetyltransferase, interacted with YAP and was recruited into the phase separated condensates of YAP. Transcriptomic analysis revealed substantial alterations in gene expression upon EP300 depletion, with downregulated genes associated with cancer progression and Hippo-YAP pathway. Notably, disruption of EP300 inhibited the transcriptional activation of YAP and reduced the binding of H3K27ac on YAP target oncogenes in Hippo pathway. Moreover, depletion of EP300 effectively inhibited YAP-driven tumor growth. Taken together, these results indicate that EP300 contributes to lung cancer progression by promoting the oncogenic transcription of YAP through H3K27ac, which suggests that YAP-EP300 axis may be potential therapeutic targets for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Xiangyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiangyang, 430074, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Danru Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huixia Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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13
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Zhou Y, Xiang Z, Lin W, Lin J, Wen Y, Wu L, Ma J, Chen C. Long-term trends of lung cancer incidence and survival in southeastern China, 2011-2020: a population-based study. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:25. [PMID: 38200537 PMCID: PMC10782768 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths in China. This study analysed the incidence and survival trends of lung cancer from 2011 to 2020 in Fujian Province, southeast of China, and provided basis for formulating prevention and treatment strategies. METHODS The population-based cancer data was used to analyse the incidence of lung cancer between 2011 and 2020, which were stratified by sex, age and histology. The change of incidence trend was analysed using Joinpoint regression. The relative survival of lung cancer with onset in 2011-2014, 2015-2017 and 2018-2020 were calculated using the cohort, complete and period methods, respectively. RESULTS There were 23,043 patients diagnosed with lung cancer in seven registries between 2011 and 2020, with an age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 37.7/100,000. The males ASIR increased from 51.1/100,000 to 60.5/100,000 with an annual percentage change (APC) of 1.5%. However, females ASIR increased faster than males, with an APC of 5.7% in 2011-2017 and 21.0% in 2017-2020. Compared with 2011, the average onset age of males and females in 2020 was 1.5 years and 5.9 years earlier, respectively. Moreover, the proportion of adenocarcinoma has increased, while squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma have decreased over the past decade. The 5-year relative survival of lung cancer increased from 13.8 to 23.7%, with a greater average increase in females than males (8.7% and 2.6%). The 5-year relative survival of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma reached 47.1%, 18.3% and 6.9% in 2018-2020, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of lung cancer in Fujian Province is on the rise, with a significant rise in adenocarcinoma, a younger age of onset and the possibility of overdiagnosis. Thus, Fujian Province should strengthen the prevention and control of lung cancer, giving more attention to the prevention and treatment of lung cancer in females and young populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, 350014, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, 350014, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhisheng Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, 350014, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weikai Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 350003, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinghui Lin
- Department of Thoracic oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, 350014, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yeying Wen
- Department of Epidemiology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, 350014, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linrong Wu
- Fujian Provincial Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, 350014, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, 350014, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Chuanben Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No.420 Fuma Road, 350014, Fuzhou, China.
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Dwivedi K, Rajpal A, Rajpal S, Kumar V, Agarwal M, Kumar N. Enlightening the path to NSCLC biomarkers: Utilizing the power of XAI-guided deep learning. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 243:107864. [PMID: 37866126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The early diagnosis of Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is of prime importance to improve the patient's survivability and quality of life. Being a heterogeneous disease at the molecular and cellular level, the biomarkers responsible for the heterogeneity aid in distinguishing NSCLC into its prominent subtypes-adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, if identified, these biomarkers could pave the path to targeted therapy. Through this work, a novel explainable AI (XAI)-guided deep learning framework is proposed that assists in discovering a set of significant NSCLC-relevant biomarkers using methylation data. METHODS The proposed framework is divided into two blocks- the first block combines an autoencoder and a neural network to classify NSCLC instances. The second block utilizes various eXplainable AI (XAI) methods, namely IntegratedGradients, GradientSHAP, and DeepLIFT, to discover a set of seven significant biomarkers. RESULTS The classification performance of the biomarkers discovered using the proposed framework is evaluated by employing multiple machine learning algorithms, among which the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) algorithm-based model outperforms others, yielding a 10-fold cross-validation accuracy of 91.53%. An improved accuracy of 96.37% is achieved by integrating RNA-Seq, CNV, and methylation data. On performing statistical analysis using the Friedman and Nemenyi tests, the MLP model is found to be significantly better than other machine learning-based models. Further, the clinical efficacy of the resultant biomarkers is established based on their potential druggability, the likelihood of predicting NSCLC patients' survival, gene-disease association, and biological pathways targeted by them. While the biomarkers C18orf18, CCNT2, THOP1, and TNPO2, are found potentially druggable, the biomarkers CCDC15, SNORA9, THOP1, and TNPO2 are found prognostically relevant. On further analysis, some of the discovered biomarkers are found to be associated with around 104 diseases. Moreover, five KEGG, ten Reactome, and three Wiki pathways are found to be triggered by the biomarkers discovered. CONCLUSION In summary, the proposed framework uncovers a set of clinically effective biomarkers that accurately classify NSCLC. As a future course of work, efforts would be made to combine a variety of omics data with histopathological data to unveil more precise biomarkers for devising personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kountay Dwivedi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Ankit Rajpal
- Department of Computer Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Sheetal Rajpal
- Department of Computer Science, Dyal Singh College, Delhi, India.
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Manoj Agarwal
- Department of Computer Science, Hans Raj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Computer Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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15
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Wang Z, Li P, Bai J, Liu Y, Jiao G. Quantitative analysis of endobronchial elastography combined with serum tumour markers of lung cancer in the diagnosis of benign and malignant mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. Pathol Oncol Res 2023; 29:1611377. [PMID: 38099241 PMCID: PMC10719403 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2023.1611377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: In malignant tumours, elastography and serum tumour markers have shown high diagnostic efficacy. Therefore, we aimed to quantitatively analyse the results of endobronchial elastography combined with serum tumour markers of lung cancer to accurately distinguish benign and malignant mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. Methods: Data of patients who underwent endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for mediastinal lymph node enlargement in our hospital between January 2018 and August 2022 were retrospectively collected. The characteristics of quantitative elastography and serum tumour markers were evaluated. Results: We enrolled 197 patients (273 lymph nodes). In the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes, the stiffness area ratio (SAR), strain ratio (SR), and strain rate in lymph nodes were significant, among which SAR had the highest diagnostic value (cut-off value, 0.409). The combination of the four tumour markers had a high diagnostic value (AUC, 0.886). Three types of quantitative elastography indices combined with serum tumour markers for lung cancer showed a higher diagnostic value (AUC, 0.930; sensitivity, 83.5%; specificity, 89.3%; positive predictive value, 88.1%; negative predictive value, 85%) (p < 0.05). In the differential diagnosis of pathological types of lung cancer, different quantitative elastography indicators and serum tumour markers for lung cancer have different diagnostic significance for the differential diagnosis of lung cancer pathological types. Conclusion: The quantitative analysis of endobronchial ultrasound elastography combined with tumour markers can improve the diagnosis rate of benign and malignant mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes, help guide the puncture of false negative lymph nodes, and reduce the misdiagnosis rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiayu Bai
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangyu Jiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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16
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Li MY, Wang M, Dong M, Wu Z, Zhang R, Wang B, Huang Y, Zhang X, Zhou J, Yi J, Chen GG, Liu LZ. Targeting CD36 determines nicotine derivative NNK-induced lung adenocarcinoma carcinogenesis. iScience 2023; 26:107477. [PMID: 37599821 PMCID: PMC10432206 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking carcinogen nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) is the most potent contributor to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) development, but the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here, we reported that fatty acid translocase CD36 was significantly overexpressed in both human LUAD tissues and NNK-induced A/J mice LUAD tumors. The overexpressed CD36 was positively correlated with Src kinase activation, smoking status, metastasis, and worse overall survival of patients with smoking history. Upon NNK binding with α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), sarcolemmal CD36 was increased and it interacted with surface α7nAChR and cytosol Src simultaneously, which in turn activated Src and downstream pro-carcinogenic kinase ERK1/2 and Akt, and finally caused LUAD cells to form subcutaneous and pulmonary metastatic tumors. This process could be blocked by CD36 knockdown and CD36 irreversible inhibitor SSO. Furthermore, the effect of NNK was inhibited obviously in CD36-/- A/J mice. Thus, targeting CD36 may provide a breakthrough therapy of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- GuangZhou National Laboratory, No.9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Menghuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- GuangZhou National Laboratory, No.9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zangshu Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- GuangZhou National Laboratory, No.9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- GuangZhou National Laboratory, No.9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxi Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaying Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Junbo Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - George Gong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Zhong Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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Verplancke KB, Keirns DL, McMahon K, Creech ZA, Truong GT, Silberstein PT, Dahl MB. Association Between Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors and Diagnosis of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: An Analysis of the National Cancer Database. Cureus 2023; 15:e44351. [PMID: 37779816 PMCID: PMC10540479 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lung cancer is a prevalent and potentially lethal cancer. The stage at initial presentation for diagnosis predicts mortality and helps to guide treatment options. Thus, it is critical to determine what factors impact the stage of cancer at diagnosis. This study sought to determine if certain socioeconomic and demographic factors are associated with receiving an early (Stage 0-I) or advanced (Stage IV) diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), 1,149,539 patients were identified as having an NCDB Analytic Stage Group diagnosis of Stage 0-I (early) versus Stage IV (advanced) NSCLC between 2004 and 2018. Patients with early and delayed diagnoses were compared based on specific characteristics including sex, race, ethnicity, number of comorbid conditions, insurance status, median annual income, level of education, geographic location, and reporting facility. Using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28 (Released 2021; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States), the data underwent analysis using binary multivariate logistic regression, chi-square analyses, and one-way ANOVA. Results Factors associated with an advanced diagnosis of NSCLC include being male, Black, Native American, or Hispanic. Compared to patients with at least one comorbid condition, those without comorbid conditions are more likely to present with advanced disease. Patients with private insurance, Medicaid, Medicare, or other government insurance are all less likely to present with advanced-stage cancer than patients without insurance. Compared to patients in the lowest median household income quartile, those in the second and fourth quartiles are diagnosed earlier. Patients living in areas where a higher proportion of residents lack a high school diploma are more likely to present with advanced NSCLC. Additionally, living in the Midwest and Western United States and presenting to Community Cancer programs are associated with advanced disease at initial presentation. Conclusions Factors that were associated with the advanced presentation of NSCLC included being male, Black, Native American, or Hispanic, having a lack of comorbid conditions or insurance, earning a lower median annual income, and living in a zip code where a higher proportion of residents lack a high school diploma. Additionally, residing in the Midwest and Western United States and seeking care at Community Cancer programs were associated with advanced disease at initial presentation. Understanding that certain socioeconomic and demographic factors impact the stage at initial diagnosis of NSCLC can allow for targeted intervention strategies aimed at the most at-risk individuals, areas, and facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kevin McMahon
- School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, USA
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Tomioka Y, Suetsugu T, Seki N, Tanigawa K, Hagihara Y, Shinmura M, Asai S, Kikkawa N, Inoue H, Mizuno K. The Molecular Pathogenesis of Tumor-Suppressive miR-486-5p and miR-486-3p Target Genes: GINS4 Facilitates Aggressiveness in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cells 2023; 12:1885. [PMID: 37508549 PMCID: PMC10378275 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of passenger strands of miRNAs in the molecular pathogenesis of human cancers is a recent concept in miRNA research, and it will broaden our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of miRNA-mediated cancer. The analysis of our miRNA signature of LUAD revealed that both strands of pre-miR-486 (miR-486-5p and miR-486-3p) were downregulated in LUAD tissues. Ectopic expression of both miRNAs induced cell cycle arrest in LUAD cells, suggesting both strands of miRNAs derived from pre-miR-486 were tumor suppressive. Our in silico analysis showed a total of 99 genes may be under the control of both miRNAs in LUAD cells. Importantly, among these targets, the high expression of seven genes (MKI67, GINS4, RRM2, HELLS, MELK, TIMELESS, and SAPCD2) predicted a poorer prognosis of LUAD patients (p < 0.05). We focused on GINS4, a DNA replication complex GINS protein that plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication. Our functional assays showed that GINS4 was directly controlled by both strands of pre-miR-486, and its aberrant expression facilitated the aggressive behavior of LUAD cells. GINS4 is attractive as a therapeutic target for this disease. MiRNA analysis, including passenger strands, will further improve our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Tomioka
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suetsugu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kengo Tanigawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yoko Hagihara
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinmura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Shunichi Asai
- Head and Neck Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Nitona, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Naoko Kikkawa
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Inoue
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Keiko Mizuno
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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19
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Xu Y, Hsu JC, Xu L, Chen W, Cai W, Wang K. Nanomedicine-based adjuvant therapy: a promising solution for lung cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:211. [PMID: 37415158 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide for decades. Despite the increasing understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms, the prognosis still remains poor for many patients. Novel adjuvant therapies have emerged as a promising treatment method to augment conventional methods and boost the therapeutic effects of primary therapies. Adjuvant therapy based on nanomedicine has gained considerable interest for supporting and enhancing traditional therapies, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy, due to the tunable physicochemical features and ease of synthetic design of nanomaterials. In addition, nanomedicine can provide protective effects against other therapies by reducing adverse side effects through precise disease targeting. Therefore, nanomedicine-based adjuvant therapies have been extensively employed in a wide range of preclinical and clinical cancer treatments to overcome the drawbacks of conventional therapies. In this review, we mainly discuss the recent advances in adjuvant nanomedicine for lung cancer treatment and highlight their functions in improving the therapeutic outcome of other therapies, which may inspire new ideas for advanced lung cancer therapies and stimulate research efforts around this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jessica C Hsu
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Liyun Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiyu Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China.
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Song IH, Park SJ, Yeom GS, Song KS, Kim T, Nimse SB. Not all benzimidazole derivatives are microtubule destabilizing agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114977. [PMID: 37271075 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) have gained considerable interest in developing novel small-molecule anticancer drugs. MTAs demonstrate anticancer activity either as microtubule-stabilizing agents (paclitaxel) or microtubule-destabilizing agents (nocodazole). FDA-approved drugs containing a benzimidazole ring (nocodazole, albendazole, mebendazole, etc.) are well-known microtubule-destabilizing agents. Thus, most recent research on benzimidazole scaffold-based MTAs focuses on developing microtubule-destabilizing agents. However, there is no report on the benzimidazole scaffold-based microtubule-stabilizing agent. Here, we present the benzimidazole derivatives NI-11 and NI-18 that showed a profound anticancer activity as microtubule-stabilization agents. About twenty benzimidazole analogues were synthesized with excellent yield (80.0% ∼ 98.0%) and tested for their anticancer activity using two cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7) and one normal cell line (MRC-5). NI-11 showed IC50 values of 2.90, 7.17, and 16.9 µM in A549, MCF-7, and MRC-5 cell lines. NI-18 showed IC50 values of 2.33, 6.10, and 12.1 µM in A549, MCF-7, and MRC-5 cell lines. Thus, NI-11 and NI-18 demonstrated selectivity indexes of 5.81 and 5.20, respectively, which are much higher than the currently available anticancer agents. NI-11 and NI-18 inhibited the cancer cell motility and migration, induced the early phase apoptosis. Both of these comounds were found to show an upregulation of DeY-α-tubulin and downregulation of Ac-α-tubulin expressions in cancer cells. Eventhough the reported benzimidazole scaffold-based commercially available drugs are known to be microtubule-destabilizing agents, the analogues NI-11 and NI-18 were found to have microtubule-stabilizing activity. The in vitro tubulin polymerization assay and the immunofluorescence assay results indicate that the NI-11 and NI-18 exhibit anticancer activity by stabilizing the microtubule network.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Ho Song
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200702, South Korea; Biometrix Technology, Inc., 2-2 Bio Venture Plaza 56, Chuncheon 24232, South Korea
| | - Su Jeong Park
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200702, South Korea
| | - Gyu Seong Yeom
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200702, South Korea
| | - Keum-Soo Song
- Biometrix Technology, Inc., 2-2 Bio Venture Plaza 56, Chuncheon 24232, South Korea
| | - Taisun Kim
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200702, South Korea
| | - Satish Balasaheb Nimse
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200702, South Korea.
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21
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Kim SJ, Puranik N, Yadav D, Jin JO, Lee PCW. Lipid Nanocarrier-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Therapeutic Advances in the Treatment of Lung Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:2659-2676. [PMID: 37223276 PMCID: PMC10202211 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s406415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although various treatments are currently being developed, lung cancer still has a very high mortality rate. Moreover, while various strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer are being used in clinical settings, in many cases, lung cancer does not respond to treatment and presents reducing survival rates. Cancer nanotechnology, also known as nanotechnology in cancer, is a relatively new topic of study that brings together scientists from a variety of fields, including chemistry, biology, engineering, and medicine. The use of lipid-based nanocarriers to aid drug distribution has already had a significant impact in several scientific fields. Lipid-based nanocarriers have been demonstrated to help stabilize therapeutic compounds, overcome barriers to cellular and tissue absorption, and improve in vivo drug delivery to specific target areas. For this reason, lipid-based nanocarriers are being actively researched and used for lung cancer treatment and vaccine development. This review discusses the improvements in drug delivery achieved with lipid-based nanocarriers, the obstacles that still exist with in vivo applications, and the current clinical and experimental applications of lipid-based nanocarriers in lung cancer treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Jung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Nidhi Puranik
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Peter C W Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
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22
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Blomberg R, Sompel K, Hauer C, Pe A B, Driscoll J, Hume PS, Merrick DT, Tennis MA, Magin CM. Tissue-engineered models of lung cancer premalignancy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.15.532835. [PMID: 36993773 PMCID: PMC10055140 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.15.532835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading global cause of cancer-related deaths. Although smoking cessation is the best preventive action, nearly 50% of all lung cancer diagnoses occur in people who have already quit smoking. Research into treatment options for these high-risk patients has been constrained to rodent models of chemical carcinogenesis, which are time-consuming, expensive, and require large numbers of animals. Here we show that embedding precision-cut lung slices within an engineered hydrogel and exposing this tissue to a carcinogen from cigarette smoke creates an in vitro model of lung cancer premalignancy. Hydrogel formulations were selected to promote early lung cancer cellular phenotypes and extend PCLS viability up to six weeks. In this study, hydrogel-embedded lung slices were exposed to the cigarette smoke derived carcinogen vinyl carbamate, which induces adenocarcinoma in mice. At six weeks, analysis of proliferation, gene expression, histology, tissue stiffness, and cellular content revealed that vinyl carbamate induced the formation of premalignant lesions with a mixed adenoma/squamous phenotype. Two putative chemoprevention agents were able to freely diffuse through the hydrogel and induce tissue-level changes. The design parameters selected using murine tissue were validated with hydrogel-embedded human PCLS and results showed increased proliferation and premalignant lesion gene expression patterns. This tissue-engineered model of human lung cancer premalignancy is the starting point for more sophisticated ex vivo models and a foundation for the study of carcinogenesis and chemoprevention strategies.
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23
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Reddy KD, Oliver BGG. Sexual dimorphism in chronic respiratory diseases. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:47. [PMID: 36882807 PMCID: PMC9993607 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in susceptibility, severity, and progression are prevalent for various diseases in multiple organ systems. This phenomenon is particularly apparent in respiratory diseases. Asthma demonstrates an age-dependent pattern of sexual dimorphism. However, marked differences between males and females exist in other pervasive conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. The sex hormones estrogen and testosterone are commonly considered the primary factors causing sexual dimorphism in disease. However, how they contribute to differences in disease onset between males and females remains undefined. The sex chromosomes are an under-investigated fundamental form of sexual dimorphism. Recent studies highlight key X and Y-chromosome-linked genes that regulate vital cell processes and can contribute to disease-relevant mechanisms. This review summarises patterns of sex differences in asthma, COPD and lung cancer, highlighting physiological mechanisms causing the observed dimorphism. We also describe the role of the sex hormones and present candidate genes on the sex chromosomes as potential factors contributing to sexual dimorphism in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karosham Diren Reddy
- Respiratory and Cellular Molecular Biology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, 2037, Australia.
- School of Life Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Brian Gregory George Oliver
- Respiratory and Cellular Molecular Biology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, 2037, Australia
- School of Life Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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24
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Jia T, Zhang Q, Xu H, Liu H, Gu X. The function of miR-637 in non-small cell lung cancer progression and prognosis. Pulmonology 2023; 29:111-118. [PMID: 34176781 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer with a high mortality rate and poor prognosis. miR-637 has been reported to regulate tumor progression and act as a prognosis biomarker of various cancers. Its functional role in NSCLC was investigated in this study. METHODS The expression level of miR-637 in NSCLC tissues and adjacent normal tissues of 123 NSCLC patients was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The association between miR-637 and clinical pathological features in the prognosis of patients was analyzed. Cell transfection was performed to overexpress or knockdown miR-637 in H1299 and HCC827. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of H1299 and HCC827 were evaluated by CCK8 and Transwell assay. RESULTS miR-637 expression was significantly decreased in NSCLC tissues and cell lines relative to normal tissues and cells. The survival rate of NSCLC patients with low miR-637 expression was lower than that of patients with high miR-637 expression. Additionally, miR-637 served as a tumor suppressor that inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC. CONCLUSION Downregulation of miR-637 in NSCLC was associated with TNM stage and poor prognosis of patients and served as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC. These results provide a potential strategy to control NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Jia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256003, China
| | - Qingguang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256003, China
| | - Haitao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256003, China
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256003, China
| | - Xiaojie Gu
- Department of Ultrasound, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No.661, Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, Shandong 256003, China.
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25
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Hu Q, Zhu W, Du J, Long S, Sun W, Fan J, Peng X. A near-infrared GPX4 fluorescent probe for non-small cell lung cancer imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:294-297. [PMID: 36504123 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (H1299) cells. In this work, a near-infrared fluorescent probe ENBO-ML210 was developed. In vitro and in vivo imaging results showed that ENBO-ML210 could target and visualize GPX4 in H1299 cells, exhibiting potential for the diagnosis of non-small lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Wanjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. .,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Saran Long
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. .,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. .,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. .,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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26
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Yao A, Liu Z, Rao H, Shen Y, Wang C, Xie S. Exploration of the optimal number of regional lymph nodes removed for resected N0 NSCLC patients: A population-based study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1011091. [PMID: 36249000 PMCID: PMC9557931 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1011091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of our study was to explore the optimal number of regional lymph nodes removed (LNRs) in resected N0 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and identify potential risk factors. Methods Included in this study were 55,024 N0 NSCLC patients between 2004 and 2015 based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER). All the patients were divided into No LNR group (57.8%), 1-3 LNRs group (8.1%) and ≥4 LNRs group (31.4%). Relevant clinical and patient parameters including overall survival (OS), lung cancer-specific survival (LCSS), gender, race, year of diagnosis, primary site, T stage, AJCC stage, laterality, histological type, lymphadenectomy, radiation, chemotherapy, age at diagnosis, insurance status, marital status, family income. Results Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated LNRs had significantly better OS and LCSS than No LNRs in all the N0 NSCLC patients with different T stages (Logrank p<.001). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that both OS and LCSS in ≥ 4 LNRs group were better than those in <1-3 LNRs group (OS: ≥4 LNRs group: HR, 0.583; 95%CI, 0.556-0.610; P<.001 vs.1-3 LNRs group: HR, 0.726; 95%CI, 0.687-0.769; P<.001; LCSS: ≥4 LNRs group: HR, 0.514; 95%CI, 0.480-0.550; P<.001 vs.1-3 LNRs group: HR, 0.647; 95%CI, 0.597-0.702; P<.001). In addition, whites, males, not upper lobe, large cell carcinoma and others, advance T stage or AJCC stage, no surgery, no LNR, no radiation, no chemotherapy, elder age at diagnosis, singled marital status and low family income had negative impact on prognosis of N0 NSCLC patients. Conclusions Our study suggests that ≥ 4 LNRs can yield better survival outcomes compared with 1-3 LNRs in N0 NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjie Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanyu Rao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilun Shen
- Department of General Medicine, Jiuting Town Community Healthcare Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhui Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Changhui Wang, ; Shuanshuan Xie,
| | - Shuanshuan Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Changhui Wang, ; Shuanshuan Xie,
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27
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Artificial Intelligence Algorithm-Based Feature Extraction of Computed Tomography Images and Analysis of Benign and Malignant Pulmonary Nodules. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:5762623. [PMID: 36156972 PMCID: PMC9492375 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5762623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to explore the effect of CT image feature extraction of pulmonary nodules based on an artificial intelligence algorithm and the image performance of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. In this study, the CT images of pulmonary nodules were collected as the research object, and the lung nodule feature extraction model based on expectation maximization (EM) was used to extract the image features. The Dice similarity coefficient, accuracy, benign and malignant nodule edges, internal signs, and adjacent structures were compared and analyzed to obtain the extraction effect of this feature extraction model and the image performance of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. The results showed that the detection sensitivity of pulmonary nodules in this model was 0.955, and the pulmonary nodules and blood vessels were well preserved in the image. The probability of burr sign detection in the malignant group was 73.09% and that in the benign group was 8.41%. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The probability of malignant component leaf sign (69.96%) was higher than that of a benign component leaf sign (0), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The probability of cavitation signs in the malignant group (59.19%) was higher than that in the benign group (3.74%), and the probability of blood vessel collection signs in the malignant group (74.89%) was higher than that in the benign group (11.21%), with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The probability of the pleural traction sign in the malignant group was 17.49% higher than that in the benign group (4.67%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In summary, the feature extraction effect of CT images based on the EM algorithm was ideal. Imaging findings, such as the burr sign, lobulation sign, vacuole sign, vascular bundle sign, and pleural traction sign, can be used as indicators to distinguish benign and malignant nodules.
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28
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Zhao F, Liu Y, Tan F, Tang L, Du Z, Mou J, Zhou G, Yuan C. MIR4435-2HG:A tumor-associated long non-coding RNA. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:2043-2051. [PMID: 35674305 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220607100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that the changes in the expression level of LncRNA can affect the progression of tumors, which has caused a great upsurge of research in recent years. More and more LncRNA has been proved to take effect on a series of cancers and can promote tumor growth, migration and invasion. In this review, we aim to clarify the pathophysiological functions of LncRNA -MIR4435-2 HG in multiple tumors can be elucidated. METHODS By consulting the literature through PubMed, this paper summarizes the relationship between MIR4435-2HG and tumor and its role in the occurrence and development of cancer, and also expounds the specific molecular mechanism of the effect of MIR4435-2HG on cancer. RESULTS MIR4435-2HG can function as an oncogene in a variety of cancers. The expression level was abnormally elevated in a series of cancers, consisting of melanoma gastric cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer, cervical cancer, prostate carcinoma, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular Carcinoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma malignant, glioma and colorectal cancer. Moreover, MIR4435-2HG is related to the poor prognosis of a variety of cancers. MIR4435-2HG can also affect tumor proliferation, invasion and apoptosis. In addition, MIR4435-2HG can also enhance the metabolic function of myeloid dendritic cells of elite HIV-1 controllers. CONCLUSION MIR4435-2HG affects the development of a variety of cancers. It can act as a clinical marker for early tumor diagnosis and takes effects to tumor targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangnan Zhao
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Fangshun Tan
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Zhuoying Du
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Jie Mou
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.,Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
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29
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Fan Z, He H, Chen L. The Combined Clinical Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Adoptive Immunotherapy with Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:2731744. [PMID: 35706510 PMCID: PMC9192301 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2731744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the differential efficacy of chemoradiotherapy combined with adoptive immunotherapy and radiochemotherapy alone in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Qualified randomized controlled trial (randomized controlled trial, RCT), or nonrandomized concurrent controlled trial (NRCCT), published in various databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese journal full-text database, Medline, Cochrane database, and VIP Chinese database, and the Revman5. 0 software performed the data analysis. Results We found the significantly different curative effect between the experimental and control groups (OR = 1.94, 95% CI (1.46, 2.58), P < 0.001, I 2 = 0%, Z = 4.59), effect of adoptive immunotherapy on the progression of disease (OR = 1.80, 95% CI (1.38, 2.35), P < 0.001, I 2 = 0%, Z = 4.33), adoptive immunotherapy on overall survival (OR = 2.19, 95% CI (1.60, 2.99), P < 0.001, I 2 = 0%, Z = 4.91), and adverse effects of adoptive immunotherapy (OR = 1.76, 95% CI (1.25, 2.48), P = 0.001, I 2 = 0%, Z = 3.26). Conclusion Adoptive immunotherapy combined with microradiotherapy can decrease the recurrence of NSCLC and improve patient survival, as well as early patients can be benefited more significantly from immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Fan
- Departments of Oncology, The First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater of People's Liberation Army, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Honggui He
- Departments of Oncology, The First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater of People's Liberation Army, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Liqun Chen
- Departments of Oncology, The First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater of People's Liberation Army, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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Xiao Z, Huang X, Wu J, Liu T, Zhao L, Wang Q, Wang M, Shen M, Miao S, Guo D, Li H. The endocytosis of nano-Pt into non-small cell lung cancer H1299 cells and intravital therapeutic effect in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 606:80-86. [PMID: 35339756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the most common fatal malignant disease, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with metastasis is merely 6%. In this research, the platinum nanocluster (short for nano-Pt) was used for optical imaging without the help of other fluorescent probes and possess targeted antitumor activity as well as low systemic toxicity. The endocytic pathway and distribution of nano-Pt in non-small cell lung cancer NSCLC H1299 cells was explored by the means of quantitative and qualitative tests. Furthermore, the targeting capability and antitumor efficiency of nano-Pt was detected by intravital imaging experiment and antitumor experiment. The research implies that nano-Pt entered H1299 cells dominatingly through macropinocytosis and clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway, and has significant antitumor efficiency, targeting properties and reliable safety for mouse tumor, indicating this nano-Pt has great potential for clinical diagnosis and therapy of NSCLC H1299 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqing Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Light Chemical Engineering, School of Textiles, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ting Liu
- The Affiliated Children Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Minyu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Meng Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shaoyi Miao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Di Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hongyun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Tu YC, Yeh WC, Yu HH, Lee YC, Su BC. Hedgehog Suppresses Paclitaxel Sensitivity by Regulating Akt-Mediated Phosphorylation of Bax in EGFR Wild-Type Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:815308. [PMID: 35250564 PMCID: PMC8894848 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.815308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide. Among NSCLC patients, almost half have wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR WT). The primary therapeutic option for these EGFR WT NSCLC patients is chemotherapy, while NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations have more diverse therapeutic options, including EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Moreover, NSCLC patients with EGFR WT have worse chemotherapy response than EGFR mutant NSCLC patients. Thus, an urgent need exists for novel therapeutic strategies to improve chemotherapy response in EGFR WT NSCLC patients. Hedgehog signaling is known to be highly active in NSCLC; however, its potential role in chemoresistance is not fully understood. In the present study, we found that paclitaxel (PTX) treatment induces hedgehog signaling in EGFR WT NSCLC cells, and inhibition of hedgehog signaling with GDC-0449 (Vismodegib) increases sensitivity to PTX-stimulated apoptosis. Furthermore, GDC-0449 potentiates PTX-induced reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. In contrast, a hedgehog agonist, Hh-Ag1.5, attenuates PTX-induced apoptosis. Mechanistic experiments revealed that hedgehog induces phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473. Akt then phosphorylates Bax at Ser184, which can switch its activity from pro-apoptosis to anti-apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that inhibition of hedgehog signaling might be a promising therapeutic strategy to improve PTX response in EGFR WT NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chieh Tu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Yeh
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsien Yu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Chyuan Su
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Bor-Chyuan Su,
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Yang M, Guo Y, Guo X, Mao Y, Zhu S, Wang N, Lu D. Analysis of the effect of NEKs on the prognosis of patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma based on bioinformatics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1705. [PMID: 35105934 PMCID: PMC8807624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NEKs are proteins that are involved in various cell processes and play important roles in the formation and development of cancer. However, few studies have examined the role of NEKs in the development of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). To address this problem, the Oncomine, UALCAN, and the Human Protein Atlas databases were used to analyze differential NEK expression and its clinicopathological parameters, while the Kaplan-Meier, cBioPortal, GEPIA, and DAVID databases were used to analyze survival, gene mutations, similar genes, and biological enrichments. The rate of NEK family gene mutation was high (> 50%) in patients with NSCLC, in which NEK2/4/6/8/ was overexpressed and significantly correlated with tumor stage and nodal metastasis status. In addition, the high expression of NEK2/3mRNA was significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC, while high expression of NEK1/4/6/7/8/9/10/11mRNA was associated with good prognosis. In summary, these results suggest that NEK2/4/6/8 may be a potential prognostic biomarker for the survival of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Yang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yikun Guo
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Mao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningjun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dianrong Lu
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, People's Republic of China.
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Mastoparan, a Peptide Toxin from Wasp Venom Conjugated Fluvastatin Nanocomplex for Suppression of Lung Cancer Cell Growth. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234225. [PMID: 34883728 PMCID: PMC8659920 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has a very low survival rate, and non-small cell lung cancer comprises around 85% of all types of lung cancers. Fluvastatin (FLV) has demonstrated the apoptosis and suppression of tumor-cell proliferation against lung cancer cells in vitro. Drug–peptide nanoconjugates were found to enhance the cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs. Thus, the present study aimed to develop a nanocomplex of FLV with mastoparan (MAS), which is a peptide that has membranolytic anti-tumor activity. The nanocomplex of FLV and MAS (MAS-FLV-NC) was prepared and optimized for particle size using Box–Behnken design. The amount of FLV had the highest influence on particle size. While higher levels of FLV and incubation time favored higher particle size, a higher level of sonication time reduced the particle size of MAS-FLV-NC. The optimum formula of MAS-FLV-NC used 1.00 mg of FLV and was prepared with an incubation time of 12.1339 min and a sonication time of 6 min. The resultant particle size was 77.648 nm. The in vitro cell line studies of MAS-FLV-NC, FLV, and MAS were carried out in A549 cells. The IC50 values of MAS-FLV-NC, FLV, and MAS were 18.6 ± 0.9, 58.4 ± 2.8, and 34.3 ± 1.6 µg/mL respectively, showing the enhanced cytotoxicity of MAS-FLV-NC. The apoptotic activity showed that MAS-FLV-NC produced a higher percentage of cells in the late phase, showing a higher apoptotic activity than FLV and MAS. Furthermore, cell cycle arrest in S and Pre G1 phases by MAS-FLV-NC was observed in the cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry. The loss of mitochondrial membrane potential after MAS-FLV-NC treatment was significantly higher than those observed for FLV and MAS. The IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-kB expressions were inhibited, whereas TNF-α, caspase-3, and ROS expressions were enhanced by MAS-FLV-NC treatment. Furthermore, the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and p53 strongly established the enhanced cytotoxic effect of MAS-FLV-NC. The results indicated that MAS-FLV-NC has better cytotoxicity than individual effects of MAS and FLV in A549 cells. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies are needed for developing MAS-FLV-NC to a clinically successful therapeutic approach against lung cancer.
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Ambroxol Hydrochloride Loaded Gastro-Retentive Nanosuspension Gels Potentiate Anticancer Activity in Lung Cancer (A549) Cells. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040243. [PMID: 34940303 PMCID: PMC8700943 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop gastro-retentive sustained-release ambroxol (ABX) nanosuspensions utilizing ambroxol-kappa-carrageenan (ABX-CRGK) complexation formulations. The complex was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, powder x-ray diffractometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The prepared co-precipitate complex was used for the development of the sustained-release formulation to overcome the high metabolic and poor solubility problems associated with ABX. Furthermore, the co-precipitate complex was formulated as a suspension in an aqueous floating gel-forming vehicle of sodium alginate with chitosan, which might be beneficial for targeting the stomach as a good absorption site for ABX. The suspension exhibited rapid floating gel behaviour for more than 8 h, thus confirming the gastro-retentive effects. Particle size analysis revealed that the optimum nanosuspension (ABX-NS) had a mean particle size of 332.3 nm. Afterward, the ABX released by the nanoparticles would be distributed to the pulmonary tissue as previously described. Based on extensive pulmonary distribution, the developed nanosuspension-released ABX nanoparticles showed significant cytotoxic enhancement compared to free ABX in A549 lung cancer cells. However, a significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) also occurred. The level of caspase-3 was the highest in the ABX-NS-released particle-treated samples, with a value of 416.6 ± 9.11 pg/mL. Meanwhile, the levels of nuclear factor kappa beta, interleukins 6 and 1 beta, and tumour necrosis alpha (NF-kB, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, respectively) were lower for ABX-NS compared to free ABX (p < 0.05). In caspase-3, Bax, and p53, levels significantly increased in the presence of ABX-NS compared to free ABX. Overall, ABX-NS produced an enhancement of the anticancer effects of ABX on the A549 cells, and the developed sustained-release gel was successful in providing a gastro-retentive effect.
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Li J, Yu N, Li X, Cui M, Guo Q. The Single-Cell Sequencing: A Dazzling Light Shining on the Dark Corner of Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:759894. [PMID: 34745998 PMCID: PMC8566994 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.759894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis refers to the process of clonal dysplasia that occurs due to the collapse of normal growth regulation in cells caused by the action of various carcinogenic factors. These “successful” tumor cells pass on the genetic templates to their generations in evolutionary terms, but they also constantly adapt to ever-changing host environments. A unique peculiarity known as intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is extensively involved in tumor development, metastasis, chemoresistance, and immune escape. An understanding of ITH is urgently required to identify the diversity and complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME), but achieving this understanding has been a challenge. Single-cell sequencing (SCS) is a powerful tool that can gauge the distribution of genomic sequences in a single cell and the genetic variability among tumor cells, which can improve the understanding of ITH. SCS provides fundamental ideas about existing diversity in specific TMEs, thus improving cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction, as well as improving the monitoring of therapeutic response. Herein, we will discuss advances in SCS and review SCS application in tumors based on current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nan Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengna Cui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qie Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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36
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Beyond Single-Cell Analysis of Metallodrugs by ICP-MS: Targeting Cellular Substructures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179468. [PMID: 34502377 PMCID: PMC8431512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum compounds such as cisplatin (cisPt) embody the backbone of combination chemotherapy protocols against advanced lung cancer. However, their efficacy is primarily limited by inherent or acquired platinum resistance, the origin of which has not been fully elucidated yet, although of paramount interest. Using single cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SC-ICP-MS), this study quantifies cisPt in single cancer cells and for the first time in isolated nuclei. A comparison of cisPt uptake was performed between a wild type (wt) cancer cell line and related resistant sublines. In both, resistant cells, wt cells, and their nuclei, cisPt uptake was measured at different incubation times. A lower amount of cisPt was found in resistant cell lines and their nuclei compared to wt cells. Moreover, the abundance of internalized cisPt decreased with increasing resistance. Interestingly, concentrations of cisPt found within the nuclei were higher than compared to cellular concentrations. Here, we show, that SC-ICP-MS allows precise and accurate quantification of metallodrugs in both single cells and cell organelles such as nuclei. These findings pave the way for future applications investigating the potency and efficacy of novel metallodrugs developed for cancer treatment.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of the review is to summarize immunotherapy combinations in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RECENT FINDINGS First-line platinum-based chemotherapy plus an immune checkpoint inhibitor has improved progression-free and overall survival compared to chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced NSCLC. Although the benefits appear to increase with higher programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, patients with low PD-L1 also benefit. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab has also been established as a treatment option. Combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors with olaparib or lenvatinib are studied within phase 3 trials. SUMMARY Platinum-based doublets combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor have become standard first-line therapy. Other combinations are under clinical development.
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Garizo AR, Castro F, Martins C, Almeida A, Dias TP, Fernardes F, Barrias CC, Bernardes N, Fialho AM, Sarmento B. p28-functionalized PLGA nanoparticles loaded with gefitinib reduce tumor burden and metastases formation on lung cancer. J Control Release 2021; 337:329-342. [PMID: 34311024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is still the main cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Its treatment generally includes surgical resection, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and chemo-targeted therapies such as the application of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Gefitinib (GEF) is one of them, but its poor solubility in gastric fluids weakens its bioavailability and therapeutic activity. In addition, like all other chemotherapy treatments, GEF administration can cause damage to healthy tissues. Therefore, the development of novel GEF delivery systems to increase its bioavailability and distribution in tumor site is highly demanded. Herein, an innovative strategy for GEF delivery, by functionalizing PLGA nanoparticles with p28 (p28-NPs), a cell-penetrating peptide derived from the bacterial protein azurin, was developed. Our data indicated that p28 potentiates the selective interaction of these nanosystems with A549 lung cancer cells (active targeting). Further p28-NPs delivering GEF (p28-NPs-GEF) were able to selectively reduce the metabolic activity of A549 cells, while no impact was observed in non-tumor cells (16HBE14o-). In vivo studies using A549 subcutaneous xenograft showed that p28-NPs-GEF reduced A549 primary tumor burden and lung metastases formation. Overall, the design of a p28-functionalized delivery nanosystem to effectively penetrate the membranes of cancer cells while deliver GEF could provide a new strategy to improve lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Garizo
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; i3S- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Flávia Castro
- i3S- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Martins
- i3S- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Almeida
- i3S- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago P Dias
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fábio Fernardes
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina C Barrias
- i3S- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Bernardes
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Arsénio M Fialho
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; CESPU-Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, R. Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal.
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Wang H, Si S, Jiang M, Chen L, Huang K, Yu W. Leukemia inhibitory factor is involved in the pathogenesis of NSCLC through activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:663. [PMID: 34386085 PMCID: PMC8299032 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a tumor promoter in several cancer types. However, the role of LIF in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be explored. The present study explored the hypothesis that LIF is important for NSCLC development by measuring LIF expression and its downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in tumor samples derived from patients with NSCLC. The association between LIF expression and clinical features was analyzed in two cancer subtypes. The effects of LIF on cell proliferation, migration and invasion were also evaluated in a NSCLC-derived cell line, A549. LIF mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in tumor tissues compared with those in the corresponding adjacent and normal lung tissues. Regarding NSCLC subtypes, LIF expression was significantly higher in adenocarcinoma than in squamous cell carcinoma tissues. It was also found that phosphorylated-STAT3 levels were higher in tumor tissues compared with those in the corresponding adjacent and normal lung tissues, which was in agreement with the LIF expression levels in NSCLC tissues. Clinically, overexpression of LIF was positively correlated with aggressive tumor characteristics, including lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor stage. In A549 cells, LIF treatment enhanced cell proliferation, migration and invasion. LIF also increased STAT3 phosphorylation in A549 cells, and the STAT3 inhibitor Stattic decreased A549 cell migration and invasion following LIF stimulation. The present results demonstrate that LIF is overexpressed in NSCLC, and that LIF can promote NSCLC development through activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway. The present study indicates that LIF may serve as a potential prognostic marker for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Sai'nv Si
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Mingjun Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, People's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, People's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Wanjun Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
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Montgomery MK, David J, Zhang H, Ram S, Deng S, Premkumar V, Manzuk L, Jiang ZK, Giddabasappa A. Mouse lung automated segmentation tool for quantifying lung tumors after micro-computed tomography. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252950. [PMID: 34138905 PMCID: PMC8211241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike the majority of cancers, survival for lung cancer has not shown much improvement since the early 1970s and survival rates remain low. Genetically engineered mice tumor models are of high translational relevance as we can generate tissue specific mutations which are observed in lung cancer patients. Since these tumors cannot be detected and quantified by traditional methods, we use micro-computed tomography imaging for longitudinal evaluation and to measure response to therapy. Conventionally, we analyze microCT images of lung cancer via a manual segmentation. Manual segmentation is time-consuming and sensitive to intra- and inter-analyst variation. To overcome the limitations of manual segmentation, we set out to develop a fully-automated alternative, the Mouse Lung Automated Segmentation Tool (MLAST). MLAST locates the thoracic region of interest, thresholds and categorizes the lung field into three tissue categories: soft tissue, intermediate, and lung. An increase in the tumor burden was measured by a decrease in lung volume with a simultaneous increase in soft and intermediate tissue quantities. MLAST segmentation was validated against three methods: manual scoring, manual segmentation, and histology. MLAST was applied in an efficacy trial using a Kras/Lkb1 non-small cell lung cancer model and demonstrated adequate precision and sensitivity in quantifying tumor growth inhibition after drug treatment. Implementation of MLAST has considerably accelerated the microCT data analysis, allowing for larger study sizes and mid-study readouts. This study illustrates how automated image analysis tools for large datasets can be used in preclinical imaging to deliver high throughput and quantitative results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John David
- Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Haikuo Zhang
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Sripad Ram
- Drug Safety Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Shibing Deng
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Vidya Premkumar
- Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Lisa Manzuk
- Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Ziyue Karen Jiang
- Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Anand Giddabasappa
- Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Li MY, Liu LZ, Dong M. Progress on pivotal role and application of exosome in lung cancer carcinogenesis, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:22. [PMID: 33504342 PMCID: PMC7839206 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. Conventional treatments are not effective for metastatic lung cancer therapy. Although some of molecular targets have been identified with favorable response, those targets cannot be exploited due to the lack of suitable drug carriers. Lung cancer cell-derived exosomes (LCCDEs) receive recent interest in its role in carcinogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of lung cancer due to its biological functions and natural ability to carry donor cell biomolecules. LCCDEs can promote cell proliferation and metastasis, affect angiogenesis, modulate antitumor immune responses during lung cancer carcinogenesis, regulate drug resistance in lung cancer therapy, and be now considered an important component in liquid biopsy assessments for detecting lung cancer. Therapeutic deliverable exosomes are emerging as promising drug delivery agents specifically to tumor high precision medicine because of their natural intercellular communication role, excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, low toxicity, long blood circulation ability, biodegradable characteristics, and their ability to cross various biological barriers. Several studies are currently underway to develop novel diagnostic and prognostic modalities using LCCDEs, and to develop methods of exploiting exosomes for use as efficient drug delivery vehicles. Current status of lung cancer and extensive applicability of LCCDEs are illustrated in this review. The promising data and technologies indicate that the approach on LCCDEs implies the potential application of LCCDEs to clinical management of lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Li
- Biomedical Equipment Department, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Building 3, No.188, KaiYuan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Zhong Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, A7-304, Shenzhen University Xili Campus, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Ming Dong
- Biomedical Equipment Department, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Building 3, No.188, KaiYuan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Catarata MJ, Lourenço M, Martins MF, Frade J, Pêgo A, Cordeiro CR, Medeiros R, Ribeiro R. Pharmacogenetics of advanced lung cancer: Predictive value of functional genetic polymorphism AGXT Pro11Leu in clinical outcome? Pulmonology 2021; 27:116-123. [PMID: 33408043 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AGXT gene codes for the enzyme alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase, which is involved in hepatic peroxisomal metabolism of platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents. The association of genetic variant AGXT rs34116584 on the clinical outcome and response to chemotherapy of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be established. Our aim was to evaluate the association of functional AGXT gene polymorphism in NSCLC progression, considering as primary and secondary endpoint, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), respectively. METHODS Genotyping of theAGXT rs34116584 genetic polymorphism was performed by mass spectrometry on 168 DNA samples from patients with NSCLC (stages IIIA-IVB). Univariate survival analysis included the study of Kaplan-Meier curves with the Log-Rank test, while Cox regression was used as a multivariate analysis. RESULTS Multivariate analysis showed shorter PFS for T carriers [HR=2.0, 95% CI, 1.4-3.0, p<0.0001] and shorter OS [HR=1.8, 95% CI, 1.1-3.0, p=0.017] globally, as well as in a subgroup of patients (n=144) treated with first line platinum-based chemotherapy [HR=2.0, 95% CI, 1.3-3.1, p=0.001] and [HR=1.8, 95% CI, 1.1-3.1, p=0.026], respectively. CONCLUSION This polymorphism seems to have an impact on NSCLC progression, opening new perspectives for its inclusion as a pharmacogenetic predictor of response to platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Joana Catarata
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Tumour & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB, Biomedical Engineering Institute, University of Porto, Portugal; Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group - Research Centre, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Margarida Lourenço
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Fátima Martins
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Frade
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alice Pêgo
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Robalo Cordeiro
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group - Research Centre, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Tumour & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB, Biomedical Engineering Institute, University of Porto, Portugal; Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
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Saúde-Conde R, Cristóvão-Ferreira S, Campoa E, Almodovar MT. Value of rebiopsy in advanced Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Real-world data. Pulmonology 2020; 27:177-180. [PMID: 33358000 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Saúde-Conde
- Medical Oncology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - S Cristóvão-Ferreira
- Medical Oncology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
| | - E Campoa
- Medical Oncology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - M T Almodovar
- Pulmonology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
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Hemmi O, Nomura Y, Konishi H, Kakizoe T, Inoue M. Impact of reduced smoking rates on lung cancer screening programs in Japan. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50:1126-1132. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In Japan, lung cancer screening by annual chest radiography has been performed for the past 30 years. However, changes in risk factor status may have influenced the efficiency of current organized lung cancer screening program. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether the reduced smoking rate in younger Japanese affects the efficiency and effectiveness of lung cancer screening.
Methods
We investigated chronological changes in epidemiological indicators, which support lung cancer screening programs offered by the Japan Cancer Society, such as gender- and age-specific numbers of participants and lung cancers detected by the screening by clinical stage, in relation to smoking rates from 1991 to 2016.
Results
Participant age at the time of screening and age at the time of cancer detection have both increased over time. The lung cancer detection rate (LCDR) in younger age cohorts tended to decrease from 1991 to 2016 in both genders, particularly men aged <55 years. Age-adjusted LCDR significantly decreased from 1991 to 2016 in both genders. After 2001, ~45% of overall detected cases in men and 70% in women were found in stage I. Although trends differed between men and women, smoking rate decreased from 1991 to 2016 in most age cohorts in both genders.
Conclusions
These results suggest that organized lung cancer screening in Japan should be limited to higher-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Hemmi
- Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Manami Inoue
- Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang X, Chen J, Cheng C, Li P, Cai F, Xu H, Lu Y, Cao N, Liu J, Wang J, Hua ZC, Zhuang H. Aspirin potentiates celecoxib-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer by targeting GRP78 activity. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920947976. [PMID: 32994805 PMCID: PMC7502795 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920947976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aspirin has recently emerged as an anticancer drug, but its therapeutic effect on lung cancer has been rarely reported, and the mechanism of action is still unclear. Long-term use of celecoxib in large doses causes serious side effects, and it is necessary to explore better ways to achieve curative effects. In this study, we evaluated the synergistic anticancer effects of celecoxib and aspirin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Methods: In vitro, we evaluated the combined effects of celecoxib (40 μM) and aspirin (8 mM) on cell apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, cell proliferation, cell migration and signaling pathways. Furthermore, the effect of aspirin (100 mg/kg body weight) and celecoxib (50 mg/kg body weight) on the growth of xenograft tumors was explored in vivo. Results: Our data suggest that cancer sensitivity to combined therapy using low concentrations of celecoxib and aspirin was higher than that of celecoxib or aspirin alone. Further research showed that the anti-tumor effect of celecoxib combined with aspirin was mainly produced by activating caspase-9/caspase-3, arresting cell cycle and inhibiting the ERK-MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, celecoxib alone or in combination with aspirin inhibited the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells by inhibiting MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity levels. Moreover, we identified GRP78 as a target protein of aspirin in NSCLC cells. Aspirin induced an endoplasmic reticulum stress response by inhibiting GRP78 activity. Furthermore, combination therapy also exhibited a better inhibitory effect on tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions: Our study provides a rationale for further detailed preclinical and potential clinical studies of the combination of celecoxib and aspirin for NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jia Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Huangru Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Nini Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Blvd., Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongqin Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Blvd., Nanjing, 210023, China
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Noguera-Uclés JF, Boyero L, Salinas A, Cordero Varela JA, Benedetti JC, Bernabé-Caro R, Sánchez-Gastaldo A, Alonso M, Paz-Ares L, Molina-Pinelo S. The Roles of Imprinted SLC22A18 and SLC22A18AS Gene Overexpression Caused by Promoter CpG Island Hypomethylation as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082075. [PMID: 32726996 PMCID: PMC7466018 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a process that involves one gene copy turned-off in a parent-of-origin-dependent manner. The regulation of imprinted genes is broadly dependent on promoter methylation marks, which are frequently associated with both oncogenes and tumor suppressors. The purpose of this study was to assess the DNA methylation patterns of the imprinted solute-carrier family 22 member 18 (SLC22A18) and SLC22A18 antisense (SLC22A18AS) genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to study their relevance to the disease. We found that both genes were hypomethylated in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma patients. Due to this imprinting loss, SLC22A18 and SLC22A18AS were found to be overexpressed in NSCLC tissues, which is significantly more evident in lung adenocarcinoma patients. These results were validated through analyses of public databases of NSCLC patients. The reversed gene profile of both genes was achieved in vitro by treatment with ademetionine. We then showed that high SLC22A18 and SLC22A18AS expression levels were significantly associated with worsening disease progression. In addition, low levels of SLC22A18AS were also correlated with better overall survival for lung adenocarcinoma patients. We found that SLC22A18 and SLC22A18AS knockdown inhibits cell proliferation in vitro. All these results suggest that both genes may be useful as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in NSCLC, revealing novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Noguera-Uclés
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.F.N.-U.); (L.B.); (A.S.); (J.A.C.V.); (J.C.B.); (R.B.-C.); (A.S.-G.); (M.A.)
| | - Laura Boyero
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.F.N.-U.); (L.B.); (A.S.); (J.A.C.V.); (J.C.B.); (R.B.-C.); (A.S.-G.); (M.A.)
| | - Ana Salinas
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.F.N.-U.); (L.B.); (A.S.); (J.A.C.V.); (J.C.B.); (R.B.-C.); (A.S.-G.); (M.A.)
| | - Juan Antonio Cordero Varela
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.F.N.-U.); (L.B.); (A.S.); (J.A.C.V.); (J.C.B.); (R.B.-C.); (A.S.-G.); (M.A.)
| | - Johana Cristina Benedetti
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.F.N.-U.); (L.B.); (A.S.); (J.A.C.V.); (J.C.B.); (R.B.-C.); (A.S.-G.); (M.A.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Reyes Bernabé-Caro
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.F.N.-U.); (L.B.); (A.S.); (J.A.C.V.); (J.C.B.); (R.B.-C.); (A.S.-G.); (M.A.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Amparo Sánchez-Gastaldo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.F.N.-U.); (L.B.); (A.S.); (J.A.C.V.); (J.C.B.); (R.B.-C.); (A.S.-G.); (M.A.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Miriam Alonso
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.F.N.-U.); (L.B.); (A.S.); (J.A.C.V.); (J.C.B.); (R.B.-C.); (A.S.-G.); (M.A.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Molina-Pinelo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.F.N.-U.); (L.B.); (A.S.); (J.A.C.V.); (J.C.B.); (R.B.-C.); (A.S.-G.); (M.A.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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