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Gupta VK, Vaishnavi VV, Arrieta-Ortiz ML, P S A, K M J, Jeyasankar S, Raghunathan V, Baliga NS, Agarwal R. 3D Hydrogel Culture System Recapitulates Key Tuberculosis Phenotypes and Demonstrates Pyrazinamide Efficacy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304299. [PMID: 38655817 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The mortality caused by tuberculosis (TB) infections is a global concern, and there is a need to improve understanding of the disease. Current in vitro infection models to study the disease have limitations such as short investigation durations and divergent transcriptional signatures. This study aims to overcome these limitations by developing a 3D collagen culture system that mimics the biomechanical and extracellular matrix (ECM) of lung microenvironment (collagen fibers, stiffness comparable to in vivo conditions) as the infection primarily manifests in the lungs. The system incorporates Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infected human THP-1 or primary monocytes/macrophages. Dual RNA sequencing reveals higher mammalian gene expression similarity with patient samples than 2D macrophage infections. Similarly, bacterial gene expression more accurately recapitulates in vivo gene expression patterns compared to bacteria in 2D infection models. Key phenotypes observed in humans, such as foamy macrophages and mycobacterial cords, are reproduced in the model. This biomaterial system overcomes challenges associated with traditional platforms by modulating immune cells and closely mimicking in vivo infection conditions, including showing efficacy with clinically relevant concentrations of anti-TB drug pyrazinamide, not seen in any other in vitro infection model, making it reliable and readily adoptable for tuberculosis studies and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal K Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Vijaya V Vaishnavi
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | | | - Abhirami P S
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Jyothsna K M
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Sharumathi Jeyasankar
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Varun Raghunathan
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Nitin S Baliga
- Institute of Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Rachit Agarwal
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
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2
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Janssen R, Wouters EFM, Janssens W, Daamen WF, Hagedoorn P, de Wit HAJM, Serré J, Gayan-Ramirez G, Franssen FME, Reynaert NL, von der Thüsen JH, Frijlink HW. Copper-Heparin Inhalation Therapy To Repair Emphysema: A Scientific Rationale. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:2587-2602. [PMID: 32063701 PMCID: PMC6884741 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s228411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Current pharmacotherapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) aims at reducing respiratory symptoms and exacerbation frequency. Effective therapies to reduce disease progression, however, are still lacking. Furthermore, COPD medications showed less favorable effects in emphysema than in other COPD phenotypes. Elastin fibers are reduced and disrupted, whereas collagen levels are increased in emphysematous lungs. Protease/antiprotease imbalance has historically been regarded as the sole cause of emphysema. However, it is nowadays appreciated that emphysema may also be provoked by perturbations in the sequential repair steps following elastolysis. Essentiality of fibulin-5 and lysyl oxidase-like 1 in the elastin restoration process is discussed, and it is argued that copper deficiency is a plausible reason for failing elastin repair in emphysema patients. Since copper-dependent lysyl oxidases crosslink elastin as well as collagen fibers, copper supplementation stimulates accumulation of both proteins in the extracellular matrix. Restoration of abnormal elastin fibers in emphysematous lungs is favorable, whereas stimulating pulmonary fibrosis formation by further increasing collagen concentrations and organization is detrimental. Heparin inhibits collagen crosslinking while stimulating elastin repair and might therefore be the ideal companion of copper for emphysema patients. Efficacy and safety considerations may lead to a preference of pulmonary administration of copper-heparin over systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Janssen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel FM Wouters
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Janssens
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willeke F Daamen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Hagedoorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo AJM de Wit
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jef Serré
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frits ME Franssen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Niki L Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Garofalakis A, Kruglik SG, Mansuryan T, Gillibert A, Thiberville L, Louradour F, Vever-Bizet C, Bourg-Heckly G. Characterization of a multicore fiber image guide for nonlinear endoscopic imaging using two-photon fluorescence and second-harmonic generation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-12. [PMID: 31646840 PMCID: PMC7000885 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.10.106004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) has the capacity to record second-harmonic generation (SHG) and endogenous two-photon excitation fluorescence (2PEF) signals emitted from biological tissues. The development of fiber-based miniaturized endomicroscopes delivering pulses in the femtosecond range will allow the transfer of MPM to clinical endoscopy. We present real-time SHG and 2PEF ex vivo images using an endomicroscope, which totally complies with clinical endoscopy regulations. This system is based on the proximal scanning of a commercial multicore image guide (IG). For understanding the inhomogeneities of the recorded images, we quantitatively characterize the IG at the single-core level during nonlinear excitation. The obtained results suggest that these inhomogeneities originate from the variable core geometries that, therefore, exhibit variable nonlinear and dispersive properties. Finally, we propose a method based on modulation of dispersion precompensation to address the image inhomogeneity issue and, as a proof of concept, we demonstrate its capability to improve the nonlinear image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikitos Garofalakis
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Paris, France
| | - Sergei G. Kruglik
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Paris, France
| | | | - André Gillibert
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Biostatistics, Rouen, France
| | - Luc Thiberville
- CHU Rouen, Service de Pneumologie, Oncologie Thoracique et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Rouen, France
| | | | - Christine Vever-Bizet
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Paris, France
| | - Genevieve Bourg-Heckly
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Paris, France
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4
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Wang N, Cao H, Wang L, Ren F, Zeng Q, Xu X, Liang J, Zhan Y, Chen X. Recent Advances in Spontaneous Raman Spectroscopic Imaging: Instrumentation and Applications. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:6188-6207. [PMID: 31237196 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190619114431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spectroscopic imaging based on the spontaneous Raman scattering effects can provide unique fingerprint information in relation to the vibration bands of molecules. Due to its advantages of high chemical specificity, non-invasive detection capability, low sensitivity to water, and no special sample pretreatment, Raman Spectroscopic Imaging (RSI) has become an invaluable tool in the field of biomedicine and medicinal chemistry. METHODS There are three methods to implement RSI, including point scanning, line scanning and wide-field RSI. Point-scanning can achieve two-and three-dimensional imaging of target samples. High spectral resolution, full spectral range and confocal features render this technique highly attractive. However, point scanning based RSI is a time-consuming process that can take several hours to map a small area. Line scanning RSI is an extension of point scanning method, with an imaging speed being 300-600 times faster. In the wide-field RSI, the laser illuminates the entire region of interest directly and all the images then collected for analysis. In general, it enables more accurate chemical imaging at faster speeds. RESULTS This review focuses on the recent advances in RSI, with particular emphasis on the latest developments on instrumentation and the related applications in biomedicine and medicinal chemistry. Finally, we prospect the development trend of RSI as well as its potential to translation from bench to bedside. CONCLUSION RSI is a powerful technique that provides unique chemical information, with a great potential in the fields of biomedicine and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of China, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China,School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, P.O. Box: 0528, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Honghao Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of China, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China,School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, P.O. Box: 0528, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Information Sciences and Techonlogy, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of China, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China,School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, P.O. Box: 0528, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of China, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China,School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, P.O. Box: 0528, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of China, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China,School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, P.O. Box: 0528, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Jimin Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of China, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China,School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, P.O. Box: 0528, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Yonghua Zhan
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of China, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China,School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, P.O. Box: 0528, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Xueli Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of China, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China,School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, P.O. Box: 0528, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
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5
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Imaging of Murine Whole Lung Fibrosis by Large Scale 3D Microscopy aided by Tissue Optical Clearing. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13348. [PMID: 30190498 PMCID: PMC6127188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis, characterized by excessive collagen deposition in the lungs, comprises a key and debilitating component of chronic lung diseases. Methods are lacking for the direct visualization of fibrillar collagen throughout the whole murine lung, a capability that would aid the understanding of lung fibrosis. We combined an optimized organ-level optical clearing (OC) approach with large-scale, label-free multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and second harmonic generation microscopy (SHGM) to reveal the complete network of fibrillar collagen in whole murine lungs. An innate inflammation-driven model based on repetitive poly(I:C) challenge was evaluated. Following OC, mosaic MPM/SHGM imaging with 3D reconstruction and whole organ quantitative analysis revealed significant differences in collagen deposition between PBS and poly(I:C) treated lungs. Airway specific analysis in whole lung acquisitions revealed significant sub-epithelial fibrosis evident throughout the proximal conductive and distal airways with higher collagen deposition in the poly(I:C) group vs PBS group. This study establishes a new, powerful approach based on OC and MPM/SHGM imaging for 3D analysis of lung fibrosis with macroscopic views of lung pathology based on microscopy and providing a new way to analyze the whole lung while avoiding regional sampling bias.
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de Wergifosse M, Botek E, De Meulenaere E, Clays K, Champagne B. ONIOM Investigation of the Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Responses of Fluorescent Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:4993-5005. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc de Wergifosse
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Edith Botek
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Evelien De Meulenaere
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Electronics and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Clays
- Laboratory for Molecular Electronics and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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7
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Mostaço-Guidolin L, Rosin NL, Hackett TL. Imaging Collagen in Scar Tissue: Developments in Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy for Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1772. [PMID: 28809791 PMCID: PMC5578161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to respond to injury with tissue repair is a fundamental property of all multicellular organisms. The extracellular matrix (ECM), composed of fibrillar collagens as well as a number of other components is dis-regulated during repair in many organs. In many tissues, scaring results when the balance is lost between ECM synthesis and degradation. Investigating what disrupts this balance and what effect this can have on tissue function remains an active area of research. Recent advances in the imaging of fibrillar collagen using second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging have proven useful in enhancing our understanding of the supramolecular changes that occur during scar formation and disease progression. Here, we review the physical properties of SHG, and the current nonlinear optical microscopy imaging (NLOM) systems that are used for SHG imaging. We provide an extensive review of studies that have used SHG in skin, lung, cardiovascular, tendon and ligaments, and eye tissue to understand alterations in fibrillar collagens in scar tissue. Lastly, we review the current methods of image analysis that are used to extract important information about the role of fibrillar collagens in scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mostaço-Guidolin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Nicole L Rosin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
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8
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Prakash YS, Halayko AJ, Gosens R, Panettieri RA, Camoretti-Mercado B, Penn RB. An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement: Current Challenges Facing Research and Therapeutic Advances in Airway Remodeling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:e4-e19. [PMID: 28084822 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201611-2248st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway remodeling (AR) is a prominent feature of asthma and other obstructive lung diseases that is minimally affected by current treatments. The goals of this Official American Thoracic Society (ATS) Research Statement are to discuss the scientific, technological, economic, and regulatory issues that deter progress of AR research and development of therapeutics targeting AR and to propose approaches and solutions to these specific problems. This Statement is not intended to provide clinical practice recommendations on any disease in which AR is observed and/or plays a role. METHODS An international multidisciplinary group from within academia, industry, and the National Institutes of Health, with expertise in multimodal approaches to the study of airway structure and function, pulmonary research and clinical practice in obstructive lung disease, and drug discovery platforms was invited to participate in one internet-based and one face-to-face meeting to address the above-stated goals. Although the majority of the analysis related to AR was in asthma, AR in other diseases was also discussed and considered in the recommendations. A literature search of PubMed was performed to support conclusions. The search was not a systematic review of the evidence. RESULTS Multiple conceptual, logistical, economic, and regulatory deterrents were identified that limit the performance of AR research and impede accelerated, intensive development of AR-focused therapeutics. Complementary solutions that leverage expertise of academia and industry were proposed to address them. CONCLUSIONS To date, numerous factors related to the intrinsic difficulty in performing AR research, and economic forces that are disincentives for the pursuit of AR treatments, have thwarted the ability to understand AR pathology and mechanisms and to address it clinically. This ATS Research Statement identifies potential solutions for each of these factors and emphasizes the importance of educating the global research community as to the extent of the problem as a critical first step in developing effective strategies for: (1) increasing the extent and impact of AR research and (2) developing, testing, and ultimately improving drugs targeting AR.
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9
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Kellner M, Heidrich M, Lorbeer RA, Antonopoulos GC, Knudsen L, Wrede C, Izykowski N, Grothausmann R, Jonigk D, Ochs M, Ripken T, Kühnel MP, Meyer H. A combined method for correlative 3D imaging of biological samples from macro to nano scale. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35606. [PMID: 27759114 PMCID: PMC5069670 DOI: 10.1038/srep35606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Correlative analysis requires examination of a specimen from macro to nano scale as well as applicability of analytical methods ranging from morphological to molecular. Accomplishing this with one and the same sample is laborious at best, due to deformation and biodegradation during measurements or intermediary preparation steps. Furthermore, data alignment using differing imaging techniques turns out to be a complex task, which considerably complicates the interconnection of results. We present correlative imaging of the accessory rat lung lobe by combining a modified Scanning Laser Optical Tomography (SLOT) setup with a specially developed sample preparation method (CRISTAL). CRISTAL is a resin-based embedding method that optically clears the specimen while allowing sectioning and preventing degradation. We applied and correlated SLOT with Multi Photon Microscopy, histological and immunofluorescence analysis as well as Transmission Electron Microscopy, all in the same sample. Thus, combining CRISTAL with SLOT enables the correlative utilization of a vast variety of imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Kellner
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Marko Heidrich
- Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Wrede
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Izykowski
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roman Grothausmann
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tammo Ripken
- Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark P Kühnel
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Gautam V, Drury J, Choy JMC, Stricker C, Bachor HA, Daria VR. Improved two-photon imaging of living neurons in brain tissue through temporal gating. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:4027-36. [PMID: 26504651 PMCID: PMC4605060 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We optimize two-photon imaging of living neurons in brain tissue by temporally gating an incident laser to reduce the photon flux while optimizing the maximum fluorescence signal from the acquired images. Temporal gating produces a bunch of ~10 femtosecond pulses and the fluorescence signal is improved by increasing the bunch-pulse energy. Gating is achieved using an acousto-optic modulator with a variable gating frequency determined as integral multiples of the imaging sampling frequency. We hypothesize that reducing the photon flux minimizes the photo-damage to the cells. Our results, however, show that despite producing a high fluorescence signal, cell viability is compromised when the gating and sampling frequencies are equal (or effectively one bunch-pulse per pixel). We found an optimum gating frequency range that maintains the viability of the cells while preserving a pre-set fluorescence signal of the acquired two-photon images. The neurons are imaged while under whole-cell patch, and the cell viability is monitored as a change in the membrane's input resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vini Gautam
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jack Drury
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Julian M. C. Choy
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Christian Stricker
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hans-A. Bachor
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Vincent R. Daria
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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11
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Patheja P, Dasgupta R, Dube A, Ahlawat S, Verma RS, Gupta PK. The use of optical trap and microbeam to investigate the mechanical and transport characteristics of tunneling nanotubes in tumor spheroids. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:730-9. [PMID: 25355694 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of optical trap and microbeam for investigating mechanical and transport properties of inter cellular tunneling nanotubes (TnTs) in tumor spheroids has been demonstrated. TnTs in tumor spheroids have been visualized by manipulating TnT connected cells using optical tweezers. Functionality of the TnTs for transferring cytoplasmic vesicles and injected dye molecules by optoporation method has been studied. Further, the TnTs could be longitudinally stretched by manipulating the connected cells and their elastic response was studied. Manipulation of cells at the surface of tumor spheroid using optical tweezers and injection of fluorescent dye into a trapped cell using optoporation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Patheja
- Laser Biomedical Applications and Instrumentation Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, 452013, India.
| | - Raktim Dasgupta
- Laser Biomedical Applications and Instrumentation Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, 452013, India.
- Department of Theory and Bio-systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Alok Dube
- Laser Biomedical Applications and Instrumentation Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, 452013, India
| | - Sunita Ahlawat
- Laser Biomedical Applications and Instrumentation Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, 452013, India
| | - Ravi Shanker Verma
- Laser Biomedical Applications and Instrumentation Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, 452013, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Gupta
- Laser Biomedical Applications and Instrumentation Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, 452013, India
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Second harmonic generation microscopy reveals altered collagen microstructure in usual interstitial pneumonia versus healthy lung. Respir Res 2015; 16:61. [PMID: 26013144 PMCID: PMC4455323 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is not understood why some pulmonary fibroses such as cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) respond well to treatment, while others like usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) do not. Increased understanding of the structure and function of the matrix in this area is critical to improving our understanding of the biology of these diseases and developing novel therapies. The objectives herein are to provide new insights into the underlying collagen- and matrix-related biological mechanisms driving COP versus UIP. Methods Two-photon second harmonic generation (SHG) and excitation fluorescence microscopies were used to interrogate and quantify differences between intrinsic fibrillar collagen and elastin matrix signals in healthy, COP, and UIP lung. Results Collagen microstructure was different in UIP versus healthy lung, but not in COP versus healthy, as indicated by the ratio of forward-to-backward propagating SHG signal (FSHG/BSHG). This collagen microstructure as assessed by FSHG/BSHG was also different in areas with preserved alveolar architecture adjacent to UIP fibroblastic foci or honeycomb areas versus healthy lung. Fibrosis was evidenced by increased col1 and col3 content in COP and UIP versus healthy, with highest col1:col3 ratio in UIP. Evidence of elastin breakdown (i.e. reduced mature elastin fiber content), and increased collagen:mature elastin ratios, were seen in COP and UIP versus healthy. Conclusions Fibrillar collagen’s subresolution structure (i.e. “microstructure”) is altered in UIP versus COP and healthy lung, which may provide novel insights into the biological reasons why unlike COP, UIP is resistant to therapies, and demonstrates the ability of SHG microscopy to potentially distinguish treatable versus intractable pulmonary fibroses.
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O'Leary C, Gilbert JL, O'Dea S, O'Brien FJ, Cryan SA. Respiratory Tissue Engineering: Current Status and Opportunities for the Future. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:323-44. [PMID: 25587703 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Currently, lung disease and major airway trauma constitute a major global healthcare burden with limited treatment options. Airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis have been identified as the fifth highest cause of mortality worldwide and are estimated to rise to fourth place by 2030. Alternate approaches and therapeutic modalities are urgently needed to improve clinical outcomes for chronic lung disease. This can be achieved through tissue engineering of the respiratory tract. Interest is growing in the use of airway tissue-engineered constructs as both a research tool, to further our understanding of airway pathology, validate new drugs, and pave the way for novel drug therapies, and also as regenerative medical devices or as an alternative to transplant tissue. This review provides a concise summary of the field of respiratory tissue engineering to date. An initial overview of airway anatomy and physiology is given, followed by a description of the stem cell populations and signaling processes involved in parenchymal healing and tissue repair. We then focus on the different biomaterials and tissue-engineered systems employed in upper and lower respiratory tract engineering and give a final perspective of the opportunities and challenges facing the field of respiratory tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian O'Leary
- 1 Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland .,2 School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland .,3 Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer L Gilbert
- 4 Department of Biology, Institute of Immunology, University of Ireland , Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Shirley O'Dea
- 4 Department of Biology, Institute of Immunology, University of Ireland , Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- 1 Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland .,3 Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland .,5 Trinity Centre of Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- 1 Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland .,2 School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland .,5 Trinity Centre of Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
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Croce AC, Bottiroli G. Autofluorescence spectroscopy and imaging: a tool for biomedical research and diagnosis. Eur J Histochem 2014; 58:2461. [PMID: 25578980 PMCID: PMC4289852 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2014.2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Native fluorescence, or autofluorescence (AF), consists in the emission of light in the UV-visible, near-IR spectral range when biological substrates are excited with light at suitable wavelength. This is a well-known phenomenon, and the strict relationship of many endogenous fluorophores with morphofunctional properties of the living systems, influencing their AF emission features, offers an extremely powerful resource for directly monitoring the biological substrate condition. Starting from the last century, the technological progresses in microscopy and spectrofluorometry were convoying attention of the scientific community to this phenomenon. In the future, the interest in the autofluorescence will certainly continue. Current instrumentation and analytical procedures will likely be overcome by the unceasing progress in new devices for AF detection and data interpretation, while a progress is expected in the search and characterization of endogenous fluorophores and their roles as intrinsic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Croce
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the National Research Council, University of Pavia.
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Jain M, Narula N, Aggarwal A, Stiles B, Shevchuk MM, Sterling J, Salamoon B, Chandel V, Webb WW, Altorki NK, Mukherjee S. Multiphoton microscopy: a potential "optical biopsy" tool for real-time evaluation of lung tumors without the need for exogenous contrast agents. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2013; 138:1037-47. [PMID: 24199831 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2013-0122-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is an emerging, nonlinear, optical-biopsy technique, which can generate subcellular-resolution images from unprocessed and unstained tissue in real time. OBJECTIVE To assess the potential of MPM for lung tumor diagnosis. DESIGN Fresh sections from tumor and adjacent nonneoplastic lung were imaged with MPM and then compared with corresponding hematoxylin-eosin slides. RESULTS Alveoli, bronchi, blood vessels, pleura, smokers' macrophages, and lymphocytes were readily identified with MPM in nonneoplastic tissue. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (a preinvasive lesion) was identified in tissue adjacent to the tumor in one case. Of the 25 tumor specimens used for blinded pathologic diagnosis, 23 were diagnosable with MPM. Of these 23 cases, all but one adenocarcinoma (15 of 16; 94%) was correctly diagnosed on MPM, along with their histologic patterns. For squamous cell carcinoma, 4 of 7 specimens (57%) were correctly diagnosed. For the remaining 3 squamous cell carcinoma specimens, the solid pattern was correctly diagnosed in 2 additional cases (29%), but it was not possible to distinguish the squamous cell carcinoma from adenocarcinoma. The other squamous cell carcinoma specimen (1 of 7; 14%) was misdiagnosed as adenocarcinoma because of pseudogland formation. Invasive adenocarcinomas with acinar and solid pattern showed statistically significant increases in collagen. Interobserver agreement for collagen quantification (among 3 observers) was 80%. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot study provides a proof of principle that MPM can differentiate neoplastic from nonneoplastic lung tissue and identify tumor subtypes. If confirmed in a future, larger study, we foresee real-time intraoperative applications of MPM, using miniaturized instruments for directing lung biopsies, assessing their adequacy for subsequent histopathologic analysis or banking, and evaluating surgical margins in limited lung resections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Jain
- From the Departments of Urology (Dr Jain), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drs Narula and Shevchuk), Biochemistry (Drs Aggarwal and Mukherjee, Mr Sterling, and Mr Salamoon), Thoracic Surgery (Drs Stiles and Altorki), and Surgery (Mr Chandel), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and the School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (Dr Webb). Dr Aggarwal is now with the Department of Science, Borough of Manhattan Community College, New York
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Kellner M, Heidrich M, Beigel R, Lorbeer RA, Knudsen L, Ripken T, Heisterkamp A, Meyer H, Kühnel MP, Ochs M. Imaging of the mouse lung with scanning laser optical tomography (SLOT). J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:975-83. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00026.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study focuses on the use of scanning laser optical tomography (SLOT) in imaging of the mouse lung ex vivo. SLOT is a highly efficient fluorescence microscopy technique allowing rapid scanning of samples of a size of several millimeters, thus enabling volumetric visualization by using intrinsic contrast mechanisms of previously fixed lung lobes. Here, we demonstrate the imaging of airways, blood vessels, and parenchyma from whole, optically cleared mouse lung lobes with a resolution down to the level of single alveoli using absorption and autofluorescence scan modes. The internal structure of the lung can then be analyzed nondestructively and quantitatively in three-dimensional datasets in any preferred planar orientation. Moreover, the procedure preserves the microscopic structure of the lung and allows for subsequent correlative histologic studies. In summary, the current study has shown that SLOT is a valuable technique to study the internal structure of the mouse lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Kellner
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marko Heidrich
- Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebecca Beigel
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tammo Ripken
- Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Heisterkamp
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Applied Optics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany; and
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Philipp Kühnel
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
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