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Berkholz J, Karle W. Unravelling the molecular interplay: SUMOylation, PML nuclear bodies and vascular cell activity in health and disease. Cell Signal 2024; 119:111156. [PMID: 38574938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In the seemingly well-researched field of vascular research, there are still many underestimated factors and molecular mechanisms. In recent years, SUMOylation has become increasingly important. SUMOylation is a post-translational modification in which small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMO) are covalently attached to target proteins. Sites where these SUMO modification processes take place in the cell nucleus are PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) - multiprotein complexes with their essential main component and organizer, the PML protein. PML and SUMO, either alone or as partners, influence a variety of cellular processes, including regulation of transcription, senescence, DNA damage response and defence against microorganisms, and are involved in innate immunity and inflammatory responses. They also play an important role in maintaining homeostasis in the vascular system and in pathological processes leading to the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes information about the function of SUMO(ylation) and PML(-NBs) in the human vasculature from angiogenesis to disease and highlights their clinical potential as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Berkholz
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany.
| | - Weronika Karle
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Yang PL, Lai TS, Chou YH, Lai LC, Lin SL, Chen YM. DNA methylation in peripheral blood is associated with renal aging and renal function decline: a national community study. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:80. [PMID: 38879526 PMCID: PMC11180394 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older patients are at risk for acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Age-related increases in DNA methylation at CpG islands have been linked to aging-related diseases like cancer and cardiovascular disease, but the exact causal relationship between methylation in renal aging and other kidney diseases remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the methylation status of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the Asian population. Using human whole blood DNA methylation analysis from the Taiwan Biobank, we included participants with both whole blood genome-wide methylation data and follow-up data on serum creatinine. We investigated hyper- and hypomethylated genes in comparison of participants with higher and lower estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) decline rate in overall cohort as well as in comparison of old and young participants in subgroup of participants with higher eGFR decline rate. Common genes and signaling pathways in both comparative analyses were identified. RESULTS Among 1587 participants in the analysis, 187 participants had higher eGFR decline rate. According to the comparison of methylation in participants with different eGFR declines and at different ages, respectively, we identified common hypermethylated genes, including DNMT3A and GGACT, as well as hypomethylated genes such as ARL6IP5, CYB5D1, BCL6, RPRD2, ZNF451, and MIAT in both participants with higher eGFR decline and those of older age. We observed associations between the methylation status of signaling pathways and aging as well as renal function decline. These pathways notably included autophagy, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, and sirtuins, which were associated with autophagy process and cytokine production. CONCLUSIONS Through methylation analysis of PBMCs, we identified genes and signaling pathways which could play crucial roles in the interplay of renal aging and renal function decline. These findings contribute to the development of novel biomarkers for identifying at-risk groups and even for therapeutic agent discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Lung Yang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Shuan Lai
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Chou
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-Chuan Lai
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuei-Liong Lin
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen L, Gao T, Zhou P, Xia W, Yao H, Xu S, Xu J. Recent advances of vacuolar protein-sorting 34 inhibitors targeting autophagy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107039. [PMID: 38134519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a ubiquitous pathological/physiological antioxidant cellular reaction in eukaryotic cells. Vacuolar protein sorting 34 (Vps34 or PIK3C3), which plays a crucial role in autophagy, has received much attention. As the only Class III phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase in mammals, Vps34 participates in vesicular transport, nutrient signaling and autophagy. Dysfunctionality of Vps34 induces carcinogenesis, and abnormal autophagy mediated by dysfunction of Vps34 is closely related to the pathological progression of various human diseases, which makes Vps34 a novel target for tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying macroautophagy, and further discuss the structure-activity relationship of Vps34 inhibitors that have been reported in the past decade as well as their potential roles in anticancer immunotherapy to better understand the antitumor mechanism underlying the effects of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Tian Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Pijun Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wenxuan Xia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Shengtao Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518052, PR China.
| | - Jinyi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518052, PR China.
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Zheng X, Wang L, Zhang Z, Tang H. The emerging roles of SUMOylation in pulmonary diseases. Mol Med 2023; 29:119. [PMID: 37670258 PMCID: PMC10478458 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier mediated modification (SUMOylation) is a critical post-translational modification that has a broad spectrum of biological functions, including genome replication and repair, transcriptional regulation, protein stability, and cell cycle progression. Perturbation or deregulation of a SUMOylation and deSUMOylation status has emerged as a new pathophysiological feature of lung diseases. In this review, we highlighted the link between SUMO pathway and lung diseases, especially the sumoylated substrate such as C/EBPα in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BDP), PPARγ in pneumonia, TFII-I in asthma, HDAC2 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), KLF15 in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH), SMAD3 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and YTHDF2 in cancer. By exploring the impact of SUMOylation in pulmonary diseases, we intend to shed light on its potential to inspire the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, holding promise for improving patient outcomes and overall respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Zheng
- Department of pediatrics, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
| | - Lingqiao Wang
- Department of pediatrics, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 31000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory, School of Basic Medicial Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
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5
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Lazzarato L, Bianchi L, Andolfo A, Granata A, Lombardi M, Sinelli M, Rolando B, Carini M, Corsini A, Fruttero R, Arnaboldi L. Proteomics Studies Suggest That Nitric Oxide Donor Furoxans Inhibit In Vitro Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Nitric Oxide-Independent Mechanisms. Molecules 2023; 28:5724. [PMID: 37570694 PMCID: PMC10420201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiologically, smooth muscle cells (SMC) and nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial cells strictly cooperate to maintain vasal homeostasis. In atherosclerosis, where this equilibrium is altered, molecules providing exogenous NO and able to inhibit SMC proliferation may represent valuable antiatherosclerotic agents. Searching for dual antiproliferative and NO-donor molecules, we found that furoxans significantly decreased SMC proliferation in vitro, albeit with different potencies. We therefore assessed whether this property is dependent on their thiol-induced ring opening. Indeed, while furazans (analogues unable to release NO) are not effective, furoxans' inhibitory potency parallels with the electron-attractor capacity of the group in 3 of the ring, making this effect tunable. To demonstrate whether their specific block on G1-S phase could be NO-dependent, we supplemented SMCs with furoxans and inhibitors of GMP- and/or of the polyamine pathway, which regulate NO-induced SMC proliferation, but they failed in preventing the antiproliferative effect. To find the real mechanism of this property, our proteomics studies revealed that eleven cellular proteins (with SUMO1 being central) and networks involved in cell homeostasis/proliferation are modulated by furoxans, probably by interaction with adducts generated after degradation. Altogether, thanks to their dual effect and pharmacological flexibility, furoxans may be evaluated in the future as antiatherosclerotic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Lazzarato
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (L.L.); (B.R.); (R.F.)
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), Center for Omics Sciences (COSR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy;
| | - Agnese Granata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.G.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Matteo Lombardi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.G.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Matteo Sinelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.G.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (L.L.); (B.R.); (R.F.)
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences “Pietro Pratesi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.G.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (L.L.); (B.R.); (R.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Arnaboldi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.G.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.)
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Chu C, Liu S, Ding J, Xu P, Wang J, Hu L, Mao Z, Li K, Yu Y, Yu Y, Qian W, Chen F. Swietenine Alleviates Vascular Remodelling by Enhancing Mitophagy of Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:646-659. [PMID: 36641049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular remodelling during pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by the phenotypic transformation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Swietenine (Swi), extracted from the seeds of traditional medicine Swietenia mahagoni, has been used to treat cardiac remodelling, but the effect of Swi on PH is unknown. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Swi on hypoxia-induced phenotypic transformation of PASMCs in experimental PH. METHODS In our research, C57BL/6 mice were treated with SU5416 and exposed to hypoxia for 4 weeks to establish HySu-PH model. Mice in the Swi treatment group were subjected to HySu with daily administration of Swi. Hemodynamic parameters, echocardiography, and degree of vascular muscularization were measured to evaluate the PH model. Proliferation of PASMC was assessed by Ki67 and EdU assay. Cell migration was detected by wound-healing assay. Mitophagy levels were evaluated by mito-tracker and lyso-tracker, autophagic flux, and protein expression of Pink1 and Lc3Ⅱ. The molecular docking was used to validate the interaction of Swi with Nrf2. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining was applied to determine the subcellular localization of Nrf2. RESULTS The results showed that Swi attenuated hypoxia-induced increase of right ventricle systolic pressure, Fulton index, and vascular remodelling and decreased PASMC proliferation, migration, and enhanced mitophagy. Furthermore, the interaction of Swi with Nrf2 promoted the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus, resulting in the induction of Pink1. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that Swi prevents vascular remodelling in experimental PH through inhibition of phenotypic transformation and hyperproliferation of PASMCs caused by reversing hypoxia-induced inhibition of mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Chu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shoubai Liu
- Department of Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Omamental Plants, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Jingjing Ding
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhensheng Mao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanfang Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youjia Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weichun Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Luo P, Li L, Huang J, Mao D, Lou S, Ruan J, Chen J, Tang R, Shi Y, Zhou S, Yang H. The role of SUMOylation in the neurovascular dysfunction after acquired brain injury. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1125662. [PMID: 37033632 PMCID: PMC10073463 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1125662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired brain injury (ABI) is the most common disease of the nervous system, involving complex pathological processes, which often leads to a series of nervous system disorders. The structural destruction and dysfunction of the Neurovascular Unit (NVU) are prominent features of ABI. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism underlying NVU destruction and its reconstruction is the key to the treatment of ABI. SUMOylation is a protein post-translational modification (PTM), which can degrade and stabilize the substrate dynamically, thus playing an important role in regulating protein expression and biological signal transduction. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of SUMOylation can clarify the molecular mechanism of the occurrence and development of neurovascular dysfunction after ABI and is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of potential treatment strategies. This article reviews the role of SUMOylation in vascular events related to ABI, including NVU dysfunction and vascular remodeling, and puts forward therapeutic prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengren Luo
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiashang Huang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Deqiang Mao
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Silong Lou
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Ruan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ronghua Tang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - You Shi
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Shuai Zhou, ; Haifeng Yang,
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuai Zhou, ; Haifeng Yang,
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Mao J, Ma L. Research progress on the mechanism of phenotypic transformation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells induced by hypoxia. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 51:750-757. [PMID: 36915980 PMCID: PMC10262008 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic transformation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is a key factor in pulmonary vascular remodeling. Inhibiting or reversing phenotypic transformation can inhibit pulmonary vascular remodeling and control the progression of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Recent studies have shown that hypoxia causes intracellular peroxide metabolism to induce oxidative stress, induces multi-pathway signal transduction, including those related to autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, and also induces non-coding RNA regulation of cell marker protein expression, resulting in PASMCs phenotypic transformation. This article reviews recent research progress on mechanisms of hypoxia-induced phenotypic transformation of PASMCs, which may be helpful for finding targets to inhibit phenotypic transformation and to improve pulmonary vascular remodeling diseases such as hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Mao
- 1. Medical Institute of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
- 2. Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Lan Ma
- 2. Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
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9
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Jun Q, Youhong L, Yuan Z, Xi Y, Wang B, Xinyi S, Fu Y, Kedan C, Lian J, Jianqing Z. Histone modification of endothelial-mesenchymal transition in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1022988. [PMID: 36568553 PMCID: PMC9768231 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1022988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a differentiation process in which endothelial cells lose their own characteristics and acquire mesenchymal-like characteristics, which contributes to the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaques. Until now, there is still a lack of effective measures to treat atherosclerosis (AS), so there is an urgent need to understand the underlying mechanisms of AS. In addition, although various studies have shown that EndMT is involved in the pathological stages of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial fibrosis, myocardial hypertrophy, and hypertension, the specific molecular mechanisms driving EndMT are still in the exploratory stage. In this review, we review the role of histone modifications (methylation, demethylation and acetylation, deacetylation) on EndMT in cardiovascular disease, aiming to target histone-modifying enzymes to guide cardiovascular disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Jun
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li Youhong
- Li Huili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhong Yuan
- Ningbo Medical-Industrial Integration Innovation Research Institute, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Sun Xinyi
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yin Fu
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Cen Kedan
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiangfang Lian
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Jiangfang Lian,
| | - Zhou Jianqing
- Li Huili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,*Correspondence: Zhou Jianqing,
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10
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SUMOylation targeting mitophagy in cardiovascular diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1511-1538. [PMID: 36163375 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) plays a key regulatory role in cardiovascular diseases, such as cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. As a multifunctional posttranslational modification molecule in eukaryotic cells, SUMOylation is essentially associated with the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics, especially mitophagy, which is involved in the progression and development of cardiovascular diseases. SUMOylation targeting mitochondrial-associated proteins is admittedly considered to regulate mitophagy activation and mitochondrial functions and dynamics, including mitochondrial fusion and fission. SUMOylation triggers mitochondrial fusion to promote mitochondrial dysfunction by modifying Fis1, OPA1, MFN1/2, and DRP1. The interaction between SUMO and DRP1 induces SUMOylation and inhibits lysosomal degradation of DRP1, which is further involved in the regulation of mitochondrial fission. Both SUMOylation and deSUMOylation contribute to the initiation and activation of mitophagy by regulating the conjugation of MFN1/2 SERCA2a, HIF1α, and PINK1. SUMOylation mediated by the SUMO molecule has attracted much attention due to its dual roles in the development of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we systemically summarize the current understanding underlying the expression, regulation, and structure of SUMO molecules; explore the biochemical functions of SUMOylation in the initiation and activation of mitophagy; discuss the biological roles and mechanisms of SUMOylation in cardiovascular diseases; and further provide a wider explanation of SUMOylation and deSUMOylation research to provide a possible therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases. Considering the precise functions and exact mechanisms of SUMOylation in mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy will provide evidence for future experimental research and may serve as an effective approach in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases. Regulation and effect of SUMOylation in cardiovascular diseases via mitophagy. SUMOylation is involved in multiple cardiovascular diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Since it is expressed in multiple cells associated with cardiovascular disease, SUMOylation can be regulated by numerous ligases, including the SENP family proteins PIAS1, PIASy/4, UBC9, and MAPL. SUMOylation regulates the activation and degradation of PINK1, SERCA2a, PPARγ, ERK5, and DRP1 to mediate mitochondrial dynamics, especially mitophagy activation. Mitophagy activation regulated by SUMOylation further promotes or inhibits ventricular diastolic dysfunction, perfusion injury, ventricular remodelling and ventricular noncompaction, which contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases.
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Hou J, Wen X, Long P, Xiong S, Liu H, Cai L, Deng H, Zhang Z. The role of post-translational modifications in driving abnormal cardiovascular complications at high altitude. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:886300. [PMID: 36186970 PMCID: PMC9515308 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.886300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-altitude environment is characterized by hypobaric hypoxia, low temperatures, low humidity, and high radiation, which is a natural challenge for lowland residents entering. Previous studies have confirmed the acute and chronic effects of high altitude on the cardiovascular systems of lowlanders. Abnormal cardiovascular complications, including pulmonary edema, cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary arterial hypertension were commonly explored. Effective evaluation of cardiovascular adaptive response in high altitude can provide a basis for early warning, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of altitude diseases. At present, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are a key step to regulate their biological functions and dynamic interactions with other molecules. This process is regulated by countless enzymes called “writer, reader, and eraser,” and the performance is precisely controlled. Mutations and abnormal expression of these enzymes or their substrates have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases associated with high altitude. Although PTMs play an important regulatory role in key processes such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, proliferation, and hypoxia response, little attention has been paid to abnormal cardiovascular response at high altitude. Here, we reviewed the roles of PTMs in driving abnormal cardiovascular complications at high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Long
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiqiang Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanxiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Cai,
| | - Haoyu Deng
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Center for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Haoyu Deng,
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Zhen Zhang,
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12
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Jiang Y, Hei B, Hao W, Lin S, Wang Y, Liu X, Meng X, Guan Z. Clinical value of lncRNA SOX2-OT in pulmonary arterial hypertension and its role in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and inflammatory. Heart Lung 2022; 55:16-23. [PMID: 35436654 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-coding RNA is confirmed to be involved in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). OBJECTIVES This study investigated the clinical value and potential mechanisms of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) SRY-box transcription factor 2 overlapping transcript (SOX2-OT) in PAH. METHODS SOX2-OT levels were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in serum of 82 patients with PAH and 76 healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic value of SOX2-OT. Human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs) were treated by hypoxia to construct PAH cell models. Proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokines levels of hPASMCs were examined by CCK-8, Transwell, flow cytometry, and ELISA assay. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to verify the target relationships between miR-455-3p and SOX2-OT, as well as small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (SUMO1). RESULTS Serum SOX2-OT was highly expressed in patients with PAH (P < 0.05). And elevated SOX2-OT levels significantly differentiated PAH patients from healthy controls, confirming high diagnostic feasibility. What's more, SOX2-OT was increased in hypoxia-induced hPASMCs in a time-dependent manner. Silencing SOX2-OT could reverse hypoxia-induced proliferation, migration, anti-apoptosis, and inflammation of hPASMCs (P < 0.05). However, rescue experiments showed that this reversal effect of silencing SOX2-OT was attenuated by suppressed miR-455-3p, which was presumably achieved by SUMO1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Elevated SOX2-OT is a feasible diagnostic marker for PAH, and its silencing may attenuated hypoxia-induced hPASMCs proliferation, migration, anti-apoptosis, and inflammation by modulating the miR-455-3p/SUMO1 axis, preventing vascular remodeling and PAH progression. Our research provided new insights for PAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Jiang
- Department of Second Division of Aspiration Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, China
| | - Bingchang Hei
- Intensive Care Unit and Emergency Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, China
| | - Wenbo Hao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, China
| | - Shudong Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, China
| | - Xuzhi Liu
- Department of Third Division of Aspiration Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, China
| | - Xianguo Meng
- Intensive Care Unit and Emergency Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, China
| | - Zhanjiang Guan
- Intensive Care Unit and Emergency Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, China.
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13
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Oliveira FRMB, Soares ES, Harms C, Cimarosti HI, Sordi R. SUMOylation in peripheral tissues under low perfusion-related pathological states. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1133-1147. [PMID: 35652521 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMOylation is described as a posttranslational protein modification (PTM) that is involved in the pathophysiological processes underlying several conditions related to ischemia- and reperfusion-induced damage. Increasing evidence suggests that, under low oxygen levels, SUMOylation might be part of an endogenous mechanism, which is triggered by injury to protect cells within the central nervous system. However, the role of ischemia-induced SUMOylation in the periphery is still unclear. This article summarizes the results of recent studies regarding SUMOylation profiles in several diseases characterized by impaired blood flow to the cardiorenal, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems. Our review shows that although ischemic injury per se does not always increase SUMOylation levels, as seen in strokes, it seems that in most cases the positive modulation of protein SUMOylation after peripheral ischemia might be a protective mechanism. This complex relationship warrants further investigation, as the role of SUMOylation during hypoxic conditions differs from organ to organ and is still not fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe R M B Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ericks S Soares
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Christoph Harms
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Centre for Stroke Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Einstein Centre for Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena I Cimarosti
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Regina Sordi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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14
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Magnolol alleviates hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling through inhibition of phenotypic transformation in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113060. [PMID: 35658230 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic transformation and excessive proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) play an important role in vascular remodeling during pulmonary hypertension (PH). Magnolol (5,5'-diallyl-2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl) is the major bioactive constituent isolated from the bark of Magnolia Officinalis, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardiovascular protection effects. However, the effect of magnolol on the phenotypic transformation of PASMCs is still unknown. This study aims to evaluate the effects of magnolol on the phenotypic transformation of PASMCs induced by hypoxia. In vivo, Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to hypoxia (10% O2) for four weeks to establish a PH model. The results showed that hypoxia treatment led to an increase in right ventricle systolic pressure, Fulton index, collagen production, accompanied by upregulation in the expression of collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ, OPN, PCNA, CyclinD1, p-JAK2, and p-STAT3, as well as decreases in expression of SM-22α; these changes were attenuated by magnolol. In vitro, the primary cultured PASMCs were exposed to 3% O2 for 48 h to induce phenotypic transformation. Consistent with the findings in vivo, magnolol treatment could prevent the phenotypic transformation and hyperproliferation of PASMCs induced by hypoxia, accompanied by downregulation in the expression of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3. In summary, this study demonstrated that the protective effect of magnolol on PH vascular remodeling is related to the inhibition of phenotypic transformation and hyperproliferation of PASMCs by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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15
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Hsu CH, Roan JN, Fang SY, Chiu MH, Cheng TT, Huang CC, Lin MW, Lam CF. Transplantation of viable mitochondria improves right ventricular performance and pulmonary artery remodeling in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 163:e361-e373. [PMID: 32948302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because mitochondrial dysfunction is a key factor in the progression of pulmonary hypertension, this study tested the hypothesis that transplantation of exogenous viable mitochondria can reverse pulmonary artery remodeling and restore right ventricular performance in pulmonary hypertension. METHODS Pulmonary hypertension was induced by parenteral injection of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg) and creation of a left-to-right shunt aortocaval fistula in rats. Three weeks after creation of fistula, the animals were randomly assigned to receive intravenous delivery of placebo solution or allogeneic mitochondria once weekly for 3 consecutive weeks. Mitochondria (100 μg) were isolated from the freshly harvested soleus muscles of naïve rats. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed at 3 weeks after mitochondrial delivery. RESULTS Ex vivo heart-lung block images acquired by an IVIS Spectrum (PerkinElmer, Waltham, Mass) imaging system confirmed the enhancement of MitoTracker (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif) fluorescence in the pulmonary arteries. Mitochondria transplantation significantly increased lung tissue adenosine triphosphate concentrations and improved right ventricular performance, as evidenced by a reduction in serum levels of B-type natriuretic peptide and ventricular diameter. Right ventricular mass and wall thickness were restored in the mitochondrial group. In the pulmonary arteries of rats that received mitochondrial treatment, vascular smooth muscle cells expressed higher levels of α-smooth muscle actin and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain II, indicating the maintenance of the nonproliferative, contractile phenotype. The hyper-reactivity of isolated pulmonary arteries to α-adrenergic stimulation was also attenuated after mitochondrial transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Transplantation of viable mitochondria can restore the contractile phenotype and vasoreactivity of the pulmonary artery, thereby reducing the afterload and right ventricular remodeling in rats with established pulmonary hypertension. The improvement in overall right ventricular performance suggests that mitochondrial transplantation can be a revolutionary clinical therapeutic option for the management of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Neng Roan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsuan Chiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, E-Da Hospital and E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chi Huang
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital and E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lin
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital and E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, I-Shou University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Fuh Lam
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, E-Da Hospital and E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, I-Shou University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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16
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Tan X, Liu Y, Liu D, Tang X, Xia M, Chen G, He L, Zhu X, Liu H. SUMO1 Promotes Mesangial Cell Proliferation Through Inhibiting Autophagy in a Cell Model of IgA Nephropathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:834164. [PMID: 35433764 PMCID: PMC9008726 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.834164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common form of primary glomerulonephritis and its main pathological changes are mesangial cell proliferation and matrix expansion. Autophagy inhibition may result in its mesangial cell proliferation and renal lesions. SUMOylation is a eukaryotic-reversible post-translational modification where SUMO is covalently attached to target proteins to regulate their properties. It is largely unclear whether SUMOylation contributes to the pathogenesis of IgAN. This study was designed to investigate the change of protein SUMO1 in mesangial cells of IgAN and its association with autophagy. We found the expression of SUMO1 was upregulated in IgAN, IgA mouse model, and aIgA1-stimulated mesangial cells. In aIgA1-stimulated mesangial cell model, we tested LC3II/I and p62, the autophagy-related proteins suggested the inhibition of autophagy. Inhibited SUMOylation with ginkgolic acid (GA) or silencing SUMO1 could downregulate SUMO1 and SUMO1-p53, promote autophagy, and lessen cell proliferation. In summary, in the mesangial cells stimulated with aIgA1, SUMO1 may contribute to its cell proliferation through inhibited autophagy, and SUMO1-p53 may play a role in this process.
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17
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Ramírez-Jarquín UN, Sharma M, Zhou W, Shahani N, Subramaniam S. Deletion of SUMO1 attenuates behavioral and anatomical deficits by regulating autophagic activities in Huntington disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2107187119. [PMID: 35086928 PMCID: PMC8812691 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107187119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The CAG expansion of huntingtin (mHTT) associated with Huntington disease (HD) is a ubiquitously expressed gene, yet it prominently damages the striatum and cortex, followed by widespread peripheral defects as the disease progresses. However, the underlying mechanisms of neuronal vulnerability are unclear. Previous studies have shown that SUMO1 (small ubiquitin-like modifier-1) modification of mHtt promotes cellular toxicity, but the in vivo role and functions of SUMO1 in HD pathogenesis are unclear. Here, we report that SUMO1 deletion in Q175DN HD-het knockin mice (HD mice) prevented age-dependent HD-like motor and neurological impairments and suppressed the striatal atrophy and inflammatory response. SUMO1 deletion caused a drastic reduction in soluble mHtt levels and nuclear and extracellular mHtt inclusions while increasing cytoplasmic mHtt inclusions in the striatum of HD mice. SUMO1 deletion promoted autophagic activity, characterized by augmented interactions between mHtt inclusions and a lysosomal marker (LAMP1), increased LC3B- and LAMP1 interaction, and decreased interaction of sequestosome-1 (p62) and LAMP1 in DARPP-32-positive medium spiny neurons in HD mice. Depletion of SUMO1 in an HD cell model also diminished the mHtt levels and enhanced autophagy flux. In addition, the SUMOylation inhibitor ginkgolic acid strongly enhanced autophagy and diminished mHTT levels in human HD fibroblasts. These results indicate that SUMO is a critical therapeutic target in HD and that blocking SUMO may ameliorate HD pathogenesis by regulating autophagy activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manish Sharma
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Wuyue Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Neelam Shahani
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458
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18
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The Role of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Type 3 in the Pathogenesis of Human Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010964. [PMID: 34681622 PMCID: PMC8535862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 (PIK3C3), the mammalian ortholog of yeast vesicular protein sorting 34 (Vps34), belongs to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family. PIK3C3 can phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), a phospholipid central to autophagy. Inhibition of PIK3C3 successfully inhibits autophagy. Autophagy maintains cell survival when modifications occur in the cellular environment and helps tumor cells resist metabolic stress and cancer treatment. In addition, PIK3C3 could induce oncogenic transformation and enhance tumor cell proliferation, growth, and invasion through mechanisms independent of autophagy. This review addresses the structural and functional features, tissue distribution, and expression pattern of PIK3C3 in a variety of human tumors and highlights the underlying mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. The implications in cancer biology, patient prognosis prediction, and cancer therapy are discussed. Altogether, the discovery of pharmacological inhibitors of PIK3C3 could reveal novel strategies for improving treatment outcomes for PIK3C3-mediated human diseases.
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19
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Parial R, Li H, Li J, Archacki S, Yang Z, Wang IZ, Chen Q, Xu C, Wang QK. Role of epigenetic m 6 A RNA methylation in vascular development: mettl3 regulates vascular development through PHLPP2/mTOR-AKT signaling. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21465. [PMID: 33788967 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000516rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
N6 -methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is the most prevalent RNA modification, and it emerges as an important regulatory mechanism of gene expression involved in many cellular and biological processes. However, the role of m6 A methylation in vascular development is not clear. The m6 A RNA methylation is regulated by dynamic interplay among methyltransferases, binding proteins, and demethylases. Mettl3 is a member of the mettl3-mettl14 methyltransferase complex, referred to as writers that catalyze m6A RNA methylation. Here, we used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to develop two lines of knockout (KO) zebrafish for mettl3. Heterozygous mettl3+/- KO embryos show defective vascular development, which is directly visible in fli-EGFP and flk-EGFP zebrafish. Alkaline phosphatase staining and whole mount in situ hybridization with cdh5, and flk markers demonstrated defective development of intersegmental vessels (ISVs), subintestinal vessels (SIVs), interconnecting vessels (ICVs) and dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessels (DLAV) in both heterozygous mettl3+/- and homozygous mettl3-/- KO zebrafish embryos. Similar phenotypes were observed in zebrafish embryos with morpholino knockdown (KD) of mettl3; however, the vascular defects were rescued fully by overexpression of constitutively active AKT1. KD of METTL3 in human endothelial cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and capillary tube formation. Mechanistically, mettl3 KO and KD significantly reduced the levels of m6 A RNA methylation, and AKT phosphorylation (S473) by an increase in the expression of phosphatase enzyme PHLPP2 and reduction in the phosphorylation of mTOR (S2481), a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase family of protein kinases. These data suggest that m6 A RNA methylation regulates vascular development via PHLPP2/mTOR-AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramendu Parial
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Stephen Archacki
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zhongcheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Isabel Z Wang
- Symbolic Systems Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Qing K Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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20
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Ohashi Y. Class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I subunit NRBF2/Atg38 - from cell and structural biology to health and disease. Autophagy 2021; 17:3897-3907. [PMID: 33459128 PMCID: PMC8726667 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1872240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is triggered by various starvation and stress conditions. The phospholipid phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) is essential for the formation of the autophagosome both in yeast and mammals. The class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PIK3C3C in humans or Vps34 in yeast, produces PtdIns3P by phosphorylating the 3'-OH position of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns). In order to synthesize PtdIns3P for the initiation of autophagy, PIK3C3/Vps34 has a heterotetrameric core, the PIK3C3 complex I (hereafter complex I) composed of PIK3C3/Vps34, PIK3R4/Vps15, BECN1/Vps30, and ATG14/Atg14. A fifth component of complex I, NRBF2 in mammals and Atg38 in yeast, was found and has been characterized in the past decade. The field has been expanding from cell and structural biology to mouse model and cohort studies. Here I will summarize the structures and models of complex I binding NRBF2/Atg38, its intracellular roles, and its involvement in health and disease. Along with this expansion of the field, different conclusions have been drawn in several topics. I will clarify what has and has not been agreed, and what is to be clarified in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ohashi
- Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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21
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Yao J, Fang X, Zhang C, Yang Y, Wang D, Chen Q, Zhong G. Astragaloside IV attenuates hypoxia‑induced pulmonary vascular remodeling via the Notch signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:89. [PMID: 33236156 PMCID: PMC7716412 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway participates in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and apoptosis. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is an effective antiproliferative treatment for vascular diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms underlying AS-IV on hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation and pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) model rats. Rats were divided into the following four groups: i) normoxia; ii) hypoxia (10% O2); iii) treatment, hypoxia + intragastrical administration of AS-IV (2 mg/kg) daily for 28 days; and iv) DAPT, hypoxia + AS-IV treatment + subcutaneous administration of DAPT (10 mg/kg) three times daily. The effects of AS-IV treatment on the development of hypoxia-induced PAH, right ventricle (RV) hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular remodeling were examined. Furthermore, PASMCs were treated with 20 µmol/l AS-IV under hypoxic conditions for 48 h. To determine the effect of Notch signaling in vascular remodeling and the potential mechanisms underlying AS-IV treatment, 5 mmol/l γ-secretase inhibitor [N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT)] was used. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by performing the MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch-3, Jagged-1, hes family bHLH transcription factor 5 (Hes-5) and PCNA were measured via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. Compared with the normoxic group, hypoxia-induced PAH model rats displayed characteristics of PAH and RV hypertrophy, whereas AS-IV treatment alleviated PAH and prevented RV hypertrophy. AS-IV also inhibited hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling, as indicated by reduced wall thickness and increased lumen diameter of pulmonary arterioles, and decreased muscularization of distal pulmonary vasculature in hypoxia-induced PAH model rats. Compared with normoxia, hypoxia promoted PASMC proliferation in vitro, whereas AS-IV treatment inhibited hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation by downregulating PCNA expression in vitro and in vivo. In hypoxia-treated PAH model rats and cultured PASMCs, AS-IV treatment reduced the expression levels of Jagged-1, Notch-3 and Hes-5. Furthermore, Notch signaling inhibition via DAPT significantly inhibited the pulmonary vascular remodeling effect of AS-IV in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, the results indicated that AS-IV effectively reversed hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and PASMC proliferation via the Notch signaling pathway. Therefore, the present study provided novel insights into the mechanism underlying the use of AS-IV for treatment of vascular diseases, such as PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Yao
- Department of International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xia Fang
- Department of International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yushu Yang
- Department of International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Guangwei Zhong
- Department of International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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22
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Liu YZ, Xiao X, Hu CT, Dai Y, Qu SL, Huang L, Zhang C. SUMOylation in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 508:228-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Li N, Zhang RX, Xie XJ, Gu HF. Autophagy in chronic stress induced atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 503:70-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Lu H, Xiao J, Ke C, Ni X, Xiu R, Tian Q, Pan H, Zou L, Wang F, Ma T, Ji X, Yuan P, Liu L, Zhang J, Jia W, Duan Q, Zhu F. TOPK inhibits autophagy by phosphorylating ULK1 and promotes glioma resistance to TMZ. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:583. [PMID: 31378785 PMCID: PMC6680050 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
ULK1, the upper-most protein of the ULK1 complex, is emerging as a crucial node in autophagy induction. However, the regulation of ULK1 is not fully understood. In this study, we identified TOPK (T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase), an oncokinase, as a novel upstream kinase to phosphorylate ULK1. We found that TOPK could directly bind with and phosphorylate ULK1 at Ser469, Ser495, and Ser533. The phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser469, Ser495, and Ser533 by TOPK decreased the activity and stability of ULK1. In addition, we want to examine the initiation of autophagy because the reduction activity of ULK1 reduces the occurrence of autophagy. We demonstrated that TOPK could inhibit the initiation and progression of autophagy in glioma cells. Furthermore, TOPK inhibition increased the sensitivity of glioma cells to temozolomide (TMZ). This discovery provides insight into the problem of TMZ-resistance in GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Changshu Ke
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Xiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Huaxiong Pan
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ling Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xinying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University Medical Center (HUMC), 475004, Kaifeng, Henan, PR China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Qiuhong Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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25
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ZHANG J, JIN J, YANG W. [Autophagy regulates the function of vascular smooth muscle cells in the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019; 48:552-559. [PMID: 31901031 PMCID: PMC8800671 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2019.10.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are the main cellular component of vessel wall. The changes of VSMC functions including phenotypic transformation and apoptosis play a critical role in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysm (IA). Autophagy can participate in the regulation of vascular function by regulating cell function. In the initial stage of IA, the activation of autophagy can accelerate the phenotypic transformation of VSMC and inhibit VSMC apoptosis. With the progress of IA, the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis changes from antagonism to synergy or promotion, and a large number of apoptotic VSMC lead to the rupture of IA. In this review, we describe the role of autophagy regulating the function of VSMC in the occurrence, development and rupture of IA, for further understanding the pathogenesis of IA and finding molecular targets to prevent the formation and rupture of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei YANG
- 杨巍(1976-), 男, 博士, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事神经生物学及药理学研究; E-mail:
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3065-1843
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26
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NSD2 silencing alleviates pulmonary arterial hypertension by inhibiting trehalose metabolism and autophagy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1085-1096. [PMID: 31040165 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor binding SET domain 2 (NSD2)-mediated metabolic reprogramming has been demonstrated to regulate oncogenesis via catalyzing the methylation of histones. The present study aimed to investigate the role of NSD2-mediated metabolic abnormality in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat model was established and infected with adeno-associated virus carrying short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting NSD2. Hemodynamic parameters, ventricular function, and pathology were evaluated by microcatheter, echocardiography, and histological analysis. Metabolomics changes in lung tissue were analyzed by LC-MS. The results showed that silencing of NSD2 effectively ameliorated MCT-induced PAH and right ventricle dysfunction, and partially reversed pathological remodeling of pulmonary artery and right ventricular hypertrophy. In addition, the silencing of NSD2 markedly reduced the di-methylation level of H3K36 (H3K36me2 level) and inhibited autophagy in pulmonary artery. Non-targeted LC-MS based metabolomics analysis indicated that trehalose showed the most significant change in lung tissue. NSD2-regulated trehalose mainly affected ABC transporters, mineral absorption, protein digestion and absorption, metabolic pathways, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. In conclusion, we reveal a new role of NSD2 in the pathogenesis of PAH related to the regulation of trehalose metabolism and autophagy via increasing the H3K36me2 level. NSD2 is a promising target for PAH therapy.
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27
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Li P, Liu L, Wang T, Chen H. SUMO2/3 participates in regulating the protective effect of propofol on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1693281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Libing Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Huayong Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
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