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Schaeffers AWMA, Scholten HA, van Beers MA, Meussen BW, Smid EJ, van Gils CH, Devriese LA, de Bree R. The effect of skeletal muscle mass on dose-limiting toxicities during (chemo)radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2024; 157:106978. [PMID: 39111144 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.106978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a standard treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC) and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is indicated for patients with locally advanced disease. Toxicities during treatment are common and can lead to early cessation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) interruptions, which can affect oncologic outcomes. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) is a new biomarker to predict toxicities and overall survival. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of studies towards the associations between SMM and dose limiting toxicity (DLT) and/or RT interruptions in HNC patients. A systematic literature search was conducted and yielded 270 studies. Inclusion criteria were articles published in English that investigated the effect of low SMM measured in humans with HNC on toxicities during CRT or RT. Studies that did not investigate oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx cancers or carcinoma of unknown primary were excluded. This led to the inclusion of 22 original studies. The prevalence of low SMM ranged from 19.7 % to 74.7 %. SMM was often assessed by measuring the cross-sectional muscle area at the level of the third cervical vertebra on computed tomography scans. Cut-off values used to categorize patients in SMM groups varied. In the meta-analyses heterogeneity was moderate (I2 = 68 % and 50 % respectively). Patients with low SMM had higher, but only borderline significant, odds of DLT during CRT (OR 1.60; 95 % CI 1.00-2.58; p = 0.0512) and RT interruptions (OR 1.89; 95 % CI 1.00-3.57; p = 0.0510) compared to patients without low SMM. To conclude, in HNC patients low SMM, defined with different methods and cut-off values, is associated with DLT and RT interruptions during (C)RT, although the difference is only borderline statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W M A Schaeffers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H A Scholten
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M A van Beers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - B W Meussen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - E J Smid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C H van Gils
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Economics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L A Devriese
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Koh JH, Lim CYJ, Tan LTP, Makmur A, Gao EY, Ho JSY, Tan JA, See A, Tan BKJ, Tan LF, Tan BYQ. Prevalence and Association of Sarcopenia with Mortality in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:6049-6064. [PMID: 38847986 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the association of sarcopenia defined on computed tomography (CT) head and neck with survival in head and neck cancer patients. METHODS Following a PROSPERO-registered protocol, two blinded reviewers extracted data and evaluated the quality of the included studies using the Quality In Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) framework. A meta-analysis was conducted using maximally adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with the random-effects model. Heterogeneity was measured using the I2 statistic and was investigated using meta-regression and subgroup analyses where appropriate. RESULTS From 37 studies (11,181 participants), sarcopenia was associated with poorer overall survival (HR 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.81-2.45; p < 0.01), disease-free survival (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.38-2.24; p < 0.01), disease-specific survival (HR 2.65, 95% CI 1.80-3.90; p < 0.01), progression-free survival (HR 2.24, 95% CI 1.21-4.13; p < 0.01) and increased chemotherapy or radiotherapy toxicity (risk ratio 2.28, 95% CI 1.31-3.95; p < 0.01). The observed association between sarcopenia and overall survival remained significant across different locations of cancer, treatment modality, tumor stages and geographical region, and did not differ between univariate and multivariate HRs. Statistically significant correlations were observed between the C3 and L3 cross-sectional area, skeletal muscle mass, and skeletal muscle index. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with head and neck cancers, CT-defined sarcopenia was consistently associated with poorer survival and greater toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hean Koh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claire Yi Jia Lim
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lucas Tze Peng Tan
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Makmur
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Esther Yanxin Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jamie Sin Ying Ho
- Department of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justina Angel Tan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna See
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Kye Jyn Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Li Feng Tan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Yong Qiang Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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Schaeffers AWMA, Burger AVM, Duinkerken CW, van Sluis KE, de Boer JP, van der Molen L, Hoetink AE, Al-Mamgani A, Jóźwiak K, Devriese LA, de Bree R, Zuur CL. The association between skeletal muscle mass and sensorineural hearing loss upon cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2024. [PMID: 39096016 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) frequently experience irreversible sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Patients with low lumbar skeletal muscle index (LSMI) may experience higher serum peak dosages of cisplatin. This study investigated whether pre-treatment low LSMI is associated with increased SNHL upon cisplatin-based CRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS LSMI was assessed using routine pre-treatment CT scans. Pure tone audiometry was performed at baseline and at follow-up to assess treatment-related SNHL. Linear mixed models were used to reveal a potential association between the continuous variable LSMI and SNHL. RESULTS This retrospective cohort study included 81 patients and found a significant association between low LSMI and increased treatment-related SNHL at pure tone frequencies vital for the perception of speech (averaged of 1, 2, and 4 kHz) (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS HNSCC patients with low LSMI suffer increased treatment-related SNHL upon cisplatin-based CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk W M A Schaeffers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk V M Burger
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte W Duinkerken
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Klaske E van Sluis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul de Boer
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette van der Molen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex E Hoetink
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Brain Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Abrahim Al-Mamgani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Jóźwiak
- Institute of Biostatistics and Registry Research, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Lot A Devriese
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte L Zuur
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Kitano M, Yasumatsu R. The impact of sarcopenia in the treatment for patients with head and neck cancer. Auris Nasus Larynx 2024; 51:717-723. [PMID: 38805807 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a disease in which a decline in muscle mass with age is associated with a decline in physical performance. In the field of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery, sarcopenia is gaining attention as a cause of swallowing disorders and as a problem in the treatment of head and neck cancer. Head and neck cancer occurs in anatomical sites related to swallowing, so patients with head and neck cancer are prone to swallowing disorders and "nutrition-related sarcopenia." Since it is a cancer, it also becomes a "disease-related sarcopenia," making it easy for patients to develop secondary sarcopenia. Medical intervention against sarcopenia is important in order to decrease the number of adverse events related to treatments for cases with sarcopenia, with reports stating that proactive exercise and nutritional therapy prior to treatment for cases with sarcopenia contributes to a decrease in serious complications as well as improving the survival rate. It is the same for head and neck cancer patients with sarcopenia, so intervention prior to treatment of head and neck cancer is an area that is expected to see reports in the future. However, if the disease is malignant, it is highly likely that sarcopenia cannot be sufficiently improved due to the short period of time from diagnosis to the beginning of treatment. In this case, choosing a treatment that takes sarcopenia into consideration is another way to handle it. Assessing sarcopenia prior to treatment may help avoid post-treatment pneumonia related to sarcopenia, postoperative complications including fistula, radiation-induced toxicity including swallowing disorders, and chemotherapy-related toxicity, and it is believed to greatly contribute to the prognosis of the overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsukazu Kitano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and neck surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Yasumatsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and neck surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
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5
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Bastien AJ, Amin L, Vasquez M, Cong I, Luu M, Laszlo M, Yen S, Thompson H, Teitelbaum EL, Jang JK, Mita AC, Scher KS, Moyers J, Mallen-St Clair J, Walgama ES, Zumsteg ZS, Ho AS. Baseline weight recovery and mortality risk in head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2024. [PMID: 39077966 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a surrogate of malnutrition, degree of weight loss and recovery from head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment is understudied. The influence of modifiable factors that affect weight, including speech/language pathology (SLP) and nutrition counseling, is also poorly defined. We characterize weight loss trends, baseline weight recovery (BWR), and the impact of interdisciplinary care on oncologic outcomes. METHODS Retrospective cohort study assessing 266 newly diagnosed patients with HNC who completed curative-intent radiation (definitive or adjuvant) between January 2016 to January 2022. Relevant treatment factors were analyzed using multivariable Cox regression models. RESULTS Altogether, 266 patients completed full-course radiation therapy (RT), encompassing definitive chemoRT (53.0%), surgery with chemoRT (18.4%), surgery with RT (17.7%), and RT alone (10.9%). Patient weight reached a nadir at median 3.0 months (IQR 3.0-11.3) after radiation, with a median weight loss of 12.6% (IQR 7.9-18.7). Notably, only 47.4% exhibited BWR. For those who recovered, median time to BWR was 10.5 months (IQR 3.0-24.0). On multivariable analysis, BWR by 6 months was significantly associated with overall survival (HR 0.28 [95% CI 0.10-0.76], p = 0.013), as was SLP consultation (HR 0.40 [95% CI 0.17-0.92], p = 0.031) and nutrition consultation (HR 0.34 [95% CI 0.13-0.89], p = 0.028). CONCLUSION A high proportion of patients with HNC fail to recover baseline weight after treatment; those that do can take longer than expected to return. Failure to recover baseline weight is associated with a notable decrease in survival. Similarly, SLP and nutrition consultation are independent, modifiable determinants correlated with outcomes, supporting the emphasis on multidisciplinary management. Measures to promote BWR may reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Bastien
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Luv Amin
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Missael Vasquez
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Iris Cong
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Luu
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Meghan Laszlo
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Saori Yen
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Heather Thompson
- Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elana L Teitelbaum
- Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Julie K Jang
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alain C Mita
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin S Scher
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Justin Moyers
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jon Mallen-St Clair
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Evan S Walgama
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zachary S Zumsteg
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Allen S Ho
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Wang Y, Zheng B, Zhang L, Zhang T, Zhao D, Sun Y, Xiao S, Zhang Y, Gong L, Wang W, Lu Q. Impact of sarcopenia and obesity on overall survival in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy: A longitudinal study. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2024; 72:102679. [PMID: 39178752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2024.102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the impact of sarcopenia and obesity on overall survival (OS) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) receiving radiotherapy (RT). METHODS This prospective longitudinal study recruited 494 patients using convenient sampling. Weight and body composition were assessed before RT (T1), and at the end of RT (T2) using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The appendicular skeletal mass index was used to define sarcopenia, while the body mass index and fat mass index were used to define obesity. Patient OS was followed and described using Kplan-Meier analysis. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to analyze influencing factors of OS. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 26.2 months (IQR: 18.4-34.4 months). Multivariable models indicated that sarcopenia/obesity type assessed at T1 was not significantly associated with OS. Multivariable models involving body composition at T2 showed that age (P < 0.001), tumor site (P = 0.003), tumor stage (P = 0.024), and sarcopenia/obesity type (P = 0.040) were significantly associated with OS, while sarcopenic patients without obesity at T2 had worse OS. CONCLUSIONS Patients with sarcopenia and no obesity at the end of RT might have worse OS. Healthcare professionals should enhance HNC patients' management during RT, helping them maintain a certain amount of muscle mass and fat mass to improve their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Department of Nursing, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, #7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China; Division of Medical & Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Peking University, #38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Baomin Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, #52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lichuan Zhang
- Division of Medical & Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Peking University, #38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; School of Nursing, Hebei University, #342 Yuhua East Road, LianChi District, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, #95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, #52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, #52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Shaowen Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, #52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, #52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Liqing Gong
- Department of Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, #52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Weihu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, #52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Division of Medical & Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Peking University, #38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Syziu A, Schache A. The prognostic value of pre-treatment sarcopenia in overall survival in head and neck cancer patients: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024:S0901-5027(24)00221-2. [PMID: 39068047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of pre-treatment sarcopenia, defined radiologically (cervical (C3) or lumbar (L3) region), in adult head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing treatment with curative intent. A systematic search of the PubMed and Scopus databases was performed up to March 2024. Inclusion criteria were adult patients with locally advanced HNC, sarcopenia defined radiologically at the C3 and/or L3 level, and patients receiving primary treatment with curative intent. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool non-randomised studies. Thirty studies involving a total of 6924 adult patients with HNC were included in this review. Pre-treatment sarcopenia was significantly associated with worse overall survival outcomes in 26 of the 30 studies (87%), across all treatment modalities with curative intent. The most frequent sex-specific SMI cut-off values were <52.4 cm2/m2 for males and <38.5 cm2/m2 for females. The findings of this review suggest that sarcopenia is a strong prognostic factor of overall survival in HNC patients undergoing primary curative treatment. Sarcopenia evaluation appears to be a good prognostic marker in the HNC population. Future nutritional interventional studies might focus on reversing the muscle loss and improving overall outcomes in identified sarcopenic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Syziu
- University Hospital Aintree, Fazakerley, Liverpool, UK.
| | - A Schache
- University Hospital Aintree, Fazakerley, Liverpool, UK
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Osaki K, Fukushima T, Suzuki K, Kamimura A, Yanai S, Morishita S. Current status of research on sarcopenia in post-treatment cancer survivors in Japan:A narrative review. Fukushima J Med Sci 2024; 70:119-131. [PMID: 38925958 PMCID: PMC11330266 DOI: 10.5387/fms.23-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is prevalent among 11-25% of adult cancer survivors, depending on the cancer type, although the available data on post-treatment survivors in Japan are limited. If cancer patients develop cachexia, they may experience sustained weight loss as a result, ultimately leading to sarcopenia. Conversely, some patients experience post-treatment weight gain, resulting in sarcopenic obesity. Both sarcopenia and obesity elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality; therefore, the importance of sarcopenia prevention and management is undeniable. The Guidelines for Exercise for Cancer Survivors recommend continued physical activity. Recent studies have reported the effectiveness of multimodal interventions, combining pharmacological, nutritional, and exercise approaches, necessitating multidisciplinary care for post-treatment sarcopenia. Innovative health interventions using mobile devices have also gained attention. However, studies on sarcopenia in post-treatment cancer survivors, especially those regarding exercise interventions, remain scarce in Japan, primarily due to limited insurance coverage for such post-treatment interventions and workforce challenges. It is clear that some cancer survivors have sarcopenia, which can lead to worse survival and secondary illness. While the benefits of exercise are clear, a comprehensive approach to sarcopenia is a further challenge for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Osaki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital
| | | | | | - Akiho Kamimura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital
| | - Saki Yanai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Matsushita Memorial Hospital
| | - Shinichiro Morishita
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Science, Fukushima Medical University
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9
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Xiao L, Liu Y, Zhang X, Nie X, Bai H, Lyu J, Li T. Prognostic value of sarcopenia and inflammatory indices synergy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing chemoradiotherapy. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:860. [PMID: 39026185 PMCID: PMC11256500 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sarcopenia has been demonstrated to be adversely correlated with the prognosis of various cancers. Our study aimed to estimate the prognostic value of sarcopenia in conjunction with inflammatory indices [neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)] for evaluating the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) undergoing chemoradiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed 255 patients with ESCC who received chemoradiotherapy from January 2012 to December 2018. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was employed to identify prognostic values of assessed factors following a novel prognostic scoring system (SMI-NLR), covering sarcopenia and NLR during different treatment courses. RESULTS Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significantly greater overall survival (OS) rates in the nonsarcopenia group than in the sarcopenia group (P = 0.011). The low NLR group (< 4.84) demonstrated significantly higher OS rates than the high NLR group (≥ 4.84) (P < 0.001). The SMI-NLR prognostic model was established through multivariate analysis, revealing that Karnofsky performance status [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.285; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.117-0.699; P = 0.006], clinical staging (HR = 5.223; 95% CI = 1.879-14.514; P = 0.002), and preSMI-NLR (HR = 0.544; 95% CI = 0.330-0.898; P = 0.017) were independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients with ESCC. Nomograms were constructed based on these data providing more accurate 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates for patients with ESCC. CONCLUSION Our study indicates the effectiveness of the combined sarcopenia and NLR prognostic model for the prognostic evaluation of patients with ESCC having undergone chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xiao
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yudi Liu
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Nie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hansong Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahua Lyu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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10
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Denaro N, Bareggi C, Galassi B, Beltramini G, Weeking D, Proh M, Ibba T, Solinas C, Garrone O. Nutrition in HNSCC: is it a matter for oncologists? The role of multidisciplinary team-a narrative literature review. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1430845. [PMID: 39022585 PMCID: PMC11251948 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1430845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition, defined as weight loss and unsatisfactory nutrient intake, is very common in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in either the early or palliative setting. Despite increased awareness, nutritional programs are not yet adequately implemented in these patients. There are several reasons for this delay: differences in composition, the expertise of the multidisciplinary teams involved in HNSCC patients' treatment, and economic and network resources conditioning faster or slower nutritional supply delivery. This situation affects the outcomes and the quality of life of HNSCC patients. Materials and methods We investigated available literature about nutritional support in HNSCC patients and its impact on outcomes, prognosis, and quality of life, and we focused on the role of the multidisciplinary team. We considered 8,491 articles, and after excluding duplicates and manuscripts not written in English, 1,055 were analyzed and 73 were deemed eligible for the present work. Results After the literature review, we can state that malnutrition, sarcopenia, and cachexia are associated with systemic inflammation and closely correlated with poor outcomes. An evaluation of the nutritional status of the multidisciplinary team before, during, and after therapy could improve patient outcomes, as the goal of the therapeutic approach is widely designed. Conclusions We suggest that the treatment workflow definition is fundamental and propose a tailored nutritional approach that could benefit HNSCC patients' outcomes and quality of life. These results could be achieved by a multidisciplinary team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerina Denaro
- Oncologia Medica Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Bareggi
- Oncologia Medica Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Galassi
- Oncologia Medica Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Beltramini
- Chirurgia Maxillofacciale Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Demi Weeking
- Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michele Proh
- Otorinolaringoiatra Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Tullio Ibba
- Otorinolaringoiatra Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Solinas
- Medical Oncology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Cagliari, Policlinico Di Monserrato (CA), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Ornella Garrone
- Oncologia Medica Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
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11
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Jiang J, Cai Z, Zheng R, Yuan Y, Lv X, Qiu W. Impact of magnetic resonance imaging-derived skeletal muscle index in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:3707-3715. [PMID: 38671169 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical implication of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived skeletal muscle index (SMI) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC) patients undergoing induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and further to develop a nomogram for predicting survival prognosis. METHODS SMI was determined through baseline MRI at the third cervical level. The nomogram was based on a training cohort involving 409 LANPC patients. We validated the prognostic accuracy of this prognostic model in an internal validation cohort (n = 204) and an external independent cohort (n = 272). RESULTS SMI was an independent risk factor for OS. A prognostic model comprising age, TNM stage and SMI for individual survival prediction was developed and graphically represented as a nomogram. The model showed favorable discrimination (C-index: 0.686), predictive accuracy [time dependent area under the curve (tAUC) at 5 years: 0.70], and calibration, and was further validated in the internal and external validation datasets. A risk stratification derived from the model stratified these patients into three prognostic subgroups with significantly different survival. CONCLUSIONS Low SMI accessed by MRI was significantly associated with poor overall survival in LANPC patients undergoing IC + CCRT. Moreover, we established and validated a novel nomogram involving age, TNM stage and SMI that could provide accurate prognostic stratification among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Jiang
- Health Ward, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuochen Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, 4365 Kang Xin Road, Shanghai, 201321, China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghui Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 78, Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 78, Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xing Lv
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenze Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 78, Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Govender R, Gilbody N, Simson G, Haag R, Robertson C, Stuart E. Post-Radiotherapy Dysphagia in Head and Neck Cancer: Current Management by Speech-Language Pathologists. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:703-718. [PMID: 38691257 PMCID: PMC11222272 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-024-01198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Dysphagia, difficulty in eating and drinking, remains the most common side effect of radiotherapy treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC) with devastating consequences for function and quality of life (QOL). Over the past decade, 5-year survival has improved due to multiple factors including treatment advances, reduction in smoking, introduction of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and more favourable prognosis of HPV-related cancers. Increased prevalence of HPV-positive disease, which tends to affect younger individuals, has led to an elevated number of people living for longer with the sequelae of cancer and its treatment. Symptoms are compounded by late effects of radiotherapy which may lead to worsening of dysphagia for some long-term survivors or new-onset dysphagia for others. Speech-language pathology (SLP) input remains core to the assessment and management of dysphagia following HNC treatment. In this article, we present current SLP management of dysphagia post-radiotherapy. We discuss conventional treatment approaches, the emergence of therapy adjuncts and current service delivery models. The impact of adherence on therapy outcomes is highlighted. Despite treatment advancements, patients continue to present with dysphagia which is resistant to existing intervention approaches. There is wide variation in treatment programmes, with a paucity of evidence to support optimal type, timing and intensity of treatment. We discuss the need for further research, including exploration of the impact of radiotherapy on the central nervous system (CNS), the link between sarcopenia and radiotherapy-induced dysphagia and the benefits of visual biofeedback in rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roganie Govender
- Head & Neck Academic Centre& UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional ScienceGround Floor Central, University College London Hospital, 250 Euston Road, London, NW1 2PQ, UK.
| | - Nicky Gilbody
- North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ceri Robertson
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emma Stuart
- Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Romford, UK
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13
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Colback AA, Arkfeld DV, Evangelista LM, Paydar A, Raslan O, Abouyared M, Cates DJ. Effect of Sarcopenia on Swallowing in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 170:1331-1337. [PMID: 38314934 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sarcopenia, characterized by decreased skeletal muscle mass, is associated with poorer oncologic outcomes in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. The effect of sarcopenia on swallowing following HNC treatment is unknown. This study aims to investigate the association of sarcopenia and swallowing dysfunction in patients treated for HNC. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Academic medical center. METHODS Pretreatment sarcopenia was assessed using the skeletal muscle index calculated from cross-sectional imaging at the third cervical vertebra. Feeding tube dependence, patient-reported dysphagia, and swallowing safety were assessed before and after treatment with the Functional Oral Intake Scale, Eating Assessment Tool-10, and Penetration Aspiration Scale, respectively. The association between sarcopenia and swallowing dysfunction was evaluated. RESULTS A total of 112 patients were included, 84 males (75%) and 28 females (25%). A total of 69 (61.6%) had sarcopenia prior to initiating HNC therapy. Sarcopenia was significantly associated with an elevated risk of patient-reported dysphagia (odds ratio [OR] = 2.71 [95% confidence interval, CI, 1.12-6.79]; P < .05). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that sarcopenia (OR = 15.18 [95% CI, 1.50-453.53]; P < .05) is an independent predictor for aspiration following treatment for HNC. CONCLUSION Patients with pretreatment sarcopenia had higher rates of dysphagia before treatment and were more likely to develop aspiration after completion of HNC therapy. Sarcopenia is readily measured using cross-sectional imaging and may be useful for identifying patients at risk of swallowing dysfunction and those most likely to benefit from prehabilitation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A Colback
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Daniel V Arkfeld
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Lisa M Evangelista
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Alireza Paydar
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Osama Raslan
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Marianne Abouyared
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Daniel J Cates
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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14
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Deantoni CL, Mirabile A, Chiara A, Giannini L, Midulla M, Del Vecchio A, Fiorino C, Fodor A, Di Muzio NG, Dell’Oca I. Impact of low skeletal muscle mass in oropharyngeal cancer patients treated with radical chemo-radiotherapy: A mono-institutional experience. TUMORI JOURNAL 2024; 110:116-123. [PMID: 37978342 PMCID: PMC11005313 DOI: 10.1177/03008916231212382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) has recently emerged as an independent prognostic factor in oncological patients and it is linked with poor survival and higher treatment toxicity. The present study aims to determine the possible impact of low SMI on survival and acute toxicity in oropharyngeal patients. METHODS Seventy-six patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (stage III-IVC) were treated in our institution with Helical TomoTherapy® (HT - Accuray, Maddison, WI, USA) between 2005 and 2021. All patients received concomitant platinum-based chemotherapy (CT) (at least 200 mg/m2). The SMI was determined using the calculation of cross-sectional area at C3. Twenty patients (26%) presented pre-treatment low SMI, according to Chargi definitions. RESULTS All patients concluded the treatment. Thirteen patients with low SMI (65%) and 22 patients with normal SMI (39%) presented acute toxicity greater than or equal to grade 3, but this difference was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.25). Overall survival was analyzed in 65 patients, excluding those who finished CT-RT less than six months before the analysis. Overall survival was significantly lower in low SMI versus normal SMI patients (p-value = 0.035). Same difference was observed in N0-N2a patients, suggesting an important role of SMI also in lower nodal burden and putatively better prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Although the results are limited to a small population, our case series has the advantage to be very homogeneous in patients and treatment characteristics. In our setting, SMI demonstrated a crucial impact on overall survival. Further investigation with larger samples is necessary to confirm our results to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara L. Deantoni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Mirabile
- Department Unit of Oncology, Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Università Vita-Salute, Milano
| | - Anna Chiara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Giannini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Midulla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Del Vecchio
- Department of Medical Physics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Fiorino
- Department of Medical Physics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrei Fodor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia G. Di Muzio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Italo Dell’Oca
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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15
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Prior-Sánchez I, Herrera-Martínez AD, Zarco-Martín MT, Fernández-Jiménez R, Gonzalo-Marín M, Muñoz-Garach A, Vilchez-López FJ, Cayón-Blanco M, Villarrubia-Pozo A, Muñoz-Jiménez C, Zarco-Rodríguez FP, Rabat-Restrepo JM, Luengo-Pérez LM, Boughanem H, Martínez-Ramírez MJ, García-Almeida JM. Prognostic value of bioelectrical impedance analysis in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy: a VALOR® study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1335052. [PMID: 38463940 PMCID: PMC10921554 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1335052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) serves as a method to estimate body composition. Parameters such as phase angle (PA), standardized phase angle (SPA), body mass cell (BCM), BCM index (BCMI), and fat-free mass (FFM) might significantly impact the prognosis of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. The present study aimed to investigate whether bioelectrical parameters can be used to predict survival in the HNC population and establish the optimal cutoff points for predictive accuracy. Methods A multicenter observational study was performed across 12 tertiary hospitals in Andalusia (a region from the south of Spain). A total of 494 patients diagnosed with HNC between 2020 and 2022 at different stages were included in this study, with a minimum follow-up period of 12 months. The BIA assessment was carried out during the first 2 weeks of radical radiotherapy treatment with chemotherapy or other systemic treatments. A multivariate logistic regression analysis of overall survival, complications, hospital admission, and palliative care and its relationship with BIA nutritional assessment was performed. Results Significant prognostic factors identified in the multivariable analysis encompassed phase angle (PA), standardized phase angle (SPA), body cell mass (BCM), and BCM index (BCMI). Lower PA and BCM values were significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes. A BCM threshold above 17 kg/m2 was the most significant predictor for predicting survival within the overall HNC population. The PA values of <5.1° in male and <4.8° in female patients showed the best predictive potential for mortality. Increased PA (as a continuous variable) demonstrated a significantly reduced risk for mortality (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43-0.94; p < 0.05) and a decreased likelihood of hospital admission (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.52-1.07; p < 0.05). Higher BCM correlated with a lower risk of mortality (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.96; p < 0.01) and a diminished probability of hospital admission (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-0.99; p < 0.05). Conclusion BIA is a crucial tool in the nutritional assessment of HNC patients. BCM and PA are the main bioelectrical parameters used to predict clinical outcomes in this population. Future studies are needed to validate BIA variables in a large cohort to ensure whether early intensification of nutritional treatment would improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aura Dulcinea Herrera-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - María Teresa Zarco-Martín
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Granada Biosanitary Research Institute (Ibs. Granada), Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Fernández-Jiménez
- Malaga Biomedical Research Institute and BIONAND Platform, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Quironsalud Malaga Hospital, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain
| | - Montserrat Gonzalo-Marín
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Malaga Regional University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
- Malaga Biomedical Research Institute and BIONAND Platform, Malaga, Spain
| | - Araceli Muñoz-Garach
- Granada Biosanitary Research Institute (Ibs. Granada), Granada, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CiberOBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Vilchez-López
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Manuel Cayón-Blanco
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario de Jerez de la Frontera, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Ana Villarrubia-Pozo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Seville Institute of Biomedicine (IBIS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Concepción Muñoz-Jiménez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | | | - Luis Miguel Luengo-Pérez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Badajoz University Hospital, Seville, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Hatim Boughanem
- Malaga Biomedical Research Institute and BIONAND Platform, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Jose Manuel García-Almeida
- Malaga Biomedical Research Institute and BIONAND Platform, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Quironsalud Malaga Hospital, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Janović A, Miličić B, Antić S, Bracanović Đ, Marković-Vasiljković B. Feasibility of using cross-sectional area of masticatory muscles to predict sarcopenia in healthy aging subjects. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2079. [PMID: 38267441 PMCID: PMC10808244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Determination of sarcopenia is crucial in identifying patients at high risk of adverse health outcomes. Recent studies reported a significant decline in masticatory muscle (MM) function in patients with sarcopenia. This study aimed to analyze the cross-sectional area (CSA) of MMs on computed tomography (CT) images and to explore their potential to predict sarcopenia. The study included 149 adult subjects retrospectively (59 males, 90 females, mean age 57.4 ± 14.8 years) who underwent head and neck CT examination for diagnostic purposes. Sarcopenia was diagnosed on CT by measuring CSA of neck muscles at the C3 vertebral level and estimating skeletal muscle index. CSA of MMs (temporal, masseter, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid) were measured bilaterally on reference CT slices. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 67 (45%) patients. Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between CSA of all MMs and sarcopenia. In the multivariate logistic regression model, only masseter CSA, lateral pterygoid CSA, age, and gender were marked as predictors of sarcopenia. These parameters were combined in a regression equation, which showed excellent sensitivity and specificity in predicting sarcopenia. The masseter and lateral pterygoid CSA can be used to predict sarcopenia in healthy aging subjects with a high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksa Janović
- School of Dental Medicine, Center for Diagnostic Imaging, University of Belgrade, 6 Rankeova, 11000, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Biljana Miličić
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Statistics, University of Belgrade, 2 dr Subotića, 11000, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Svetlana Antić
- School of Dental Medicine, Center for Diagnostic Imaging, University of Belgrade, 6 Rankeova, 11000, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Đurđa Bracanović
- School of Dental Medicine, Center for Diagnostic Imaging, University of Belgrade, 6 Rankeova, 11000, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Biljana Marković-Vasiljković
- School of Dental Medicine, Center for Diagnostic Imaging, University of Belgrade, 6 Rankeova, 11000, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
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17
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Gundog M, Kiraz E, Eroglu C. The low cross-sectional muscle index at the third cervical vertebra is a marker for sarcopenia in patients with laryngopharyngeal cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 2024:01363817-990000000-00041. [PMID: 38261441 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_135_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle loss and sarcopenia play a significant role in head and neck cancer. In this study, the value of C3 cross-sectional skeletal muscle index was investigated to evaluate sarcopenia. METHODS Seventy-four patients were included in this retrospective study. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated using the paracervical muscles at the level of the third cervical vertebra. Survival rates and toxicities were compared. RESULTS The 3-year overall survival rates were 33.3% in patients with low SMI (≤44.79) and 63.9% in patients with high SMI (>44.79) (P < 0.01). The 3-year progression-free survival rates were 25.9% in patients with low SMI and 63.2% in patients with high SMI (P < 0.01). Multivariate analyses found that advanced age (>65) was associated with a 2.9-fold increased risk of death and low SMI was associated with a 3.9-fold increased risk of death. CONCLUSION Low SMI is associated with prolonged treatment time, increased toxicity, and decreased survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mete Gundog
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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18
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Lewis L, Thompson B, Stellmaker R, Koelmeyer L. Body composition and chemotherapy toxicities in breast cancer: a systematic review of the literature. J Cancer Surviv 2024:10.1007/s11764-023-01512-z. [PMID: 38206431 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-023-01512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women with chemotherapy being a common treatment. Toxicities due to chemotherapy can result in dose reduction, delay, and early cessation of treatment, which along with causing distress for individuals during their cancer treatment might also reduce the therapeutic effect. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the role of body composition on chemotherapy toxicities in women with breast cancer. METHODS A systematic search of the literature was completed on electronic databases Pubmed, Embase, CINHAHL, and Cochrane. Studies were included if the direct effect of body composition on chemotherapy toxicities was reported and excluded if body composition could not be isolated. A critical appraisal of the studies included was performed using McMasters University Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies. RESULTS Eleven studies were included with a total of 2881 female participants. All studies reported significant relationships between body composition and chemotherapy toxicities; however, individual parameters differed between the studies. Adding to the heterogeneity, different thresholds were reported to determine both sarcopenia and myosteatosis, making it difficult to identify a common finding. CONCLUSION This review suggests that body composition may be an important factor in predicting the severity of chemotherapy toxicities during treatment for breast cancer; however, the lack of international consensus as to thresholds in the literature for sarcopenia and myosteatosis may result in bias. The review supports the need for further prospective studies, allowing for more robust, pre-determined data collection, to better understand the implications of body composition on toxicities and benefits of using body composition to individualize chemotherapy dosing. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Toxicities due to chemotherapy can result in treatment being unable to be completed as planned, potentially resulting in poorer survival outcomes. Improved knowledge in this area may give rise to a more reliable way of individualizing chemotherapy dosage to help mitigate this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Lewis
- Australian Lymphoedema Education, Research & Treatment (ALERT) Program, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Belinda Thompson
- Australian Lymphoedema Education, Research & Treatment (ALERT) Program, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Rhiannon Stellmaker
- Australian Lymphoedema Education, Research & Treatment (ALERT) Program, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Louise Koelmeyer
- Australian Lymphoedema Education, Research & Treatment (ALERT) Program, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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Vangelov B, Smee R, Moses D, Bauer J. Thoracic skeletal muscle index is effective for CT-defined sarcopenia evaluation in patients with head and neck cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:5583-5594. [PMID: 37573279 PMCID: PMC10620319 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Computed tomography (CT)-defined sarcopenia, as a measurement of low skeletal muscle (SM), is a poor prognostic indicator in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), independent of weight or nutritional status. We used SM measures at the second thoracic vertebra (T2) to determine T2-SM index (SMI) thresholds for sarcopenia, and investigate the impact of low T2-SMI on overall survival (OS), and weight loss during radiotherapy (RT). METHODS Adult patients with newly diagnosed HNC with a diagnostic PET-CT or RT planning CT scan were included. SM was analysed at T2 and a model applied to predict SM at L3. T2-SMI thresholds for sarcopenia were established with predicted measures, stratified by BMI and sex. Impact of sarcopenia and low T2-SMI on OS and weight loss during RT was investigated. RESULTS A total of 361 scans were analysed (84% males, 54% oropharynx tumours). Sarcopenia was found in 49%, demonstrating worse OS (p = 0.037). T2-SMI cutoff values were: females-74 cm2/m2 [area under the curve (AUC): 0.89 (95%CI 0.80-0.98)], males (BMI < 25)-63 cm2/m2 [AUC 0.93 (95%CI 0.89-0.96)], males (BMI ≥ 25)-88cm2/m2 [AUC 0.86 (95%CI 0.78-0.93)]. No difference in OS with T2-SMI categories. Lowest T2-SMI quartile of < 63 cm2/m2 demonstrated worse OS (p = 0.017). Weight loss during RT was higher in patients; who were not sarcopenic (6.2% vs 4.9%, p = 0.023); with higher T2-SMI (6.3% vs 4.9%, p = 0.014) and; in the highest quartiles (3.6% vs 5.7% vs 7.2%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These T2-SMI thresholds are effective in assessing CT-defined sarcopenia in HNC. Further assessment of clinical application is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Vangelov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nelune Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital and Community Health Services, Level 1, Bright Building, Avoca St, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, Randwick Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
| | - Robert Smee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nelune Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital and Community Health Services, Level 1, Bright Building, Avoca St, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Randwick Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tamworth Base Hospital, Tamworth, NSW, 2340, Australia
| | - Daniel Moses
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
- Department of Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital and Community Health Services, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Judith Bauer
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
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20
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Graves JP, Daher GS, Bauman MMJ, Moore EJ, Tasche KK, Price DL, Van Abel KM. Association of sarcopenia with oncologic outcomes of primary treatment among patients with oral cavity cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2023; 147:106608. [PMID: 37897858 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
GOAL We performed a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis to determine how radiographic sarcopenia assessment methods and the presence of pre-treatment sarcopenia impact oncologic outcomes in patients with oral cavity cancer. INTRODUCTION Pre-treatment sarcopenia has been associated with poor outcomes in many different malignancies, including head and neck cancers. However, the impact sarcopenia has on outcomes for oral cavity cancer patients is not well understood. RESULTS Twelve studies met our inclusion criteria, totaling 1007 patients. 359 (36%) of these patients were reported as sarcopenic. The most commonly utilized sarcopenia assessment methods were L3 skeletal muscle index (n = 5) and C3 skeletal muscle index to estimate L3 skeletal muscle index (n = 5). The majority of studies established their sarcopenia cutoffs as the lowest quartile skeletal muscle index in their patient cohorts. Five studies were included in our meta-analysis, totaling 251 sarcopenic and 537 non-sarcopenic patients. Compared to non-sarcopenic patients, sarcopenic patients were found to have significantly poorer overall survival (univariate: HR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.71-2.93, I2 = 0%; multivariate: HR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.47-2.52, I2 = 0%) and disease-free survival (univariate: HR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.50-2.92, I2 = 0%; multivariate: HR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.29-2.47, I2 = 10%). CONCLUSIONS Over one-third of oral cavity cancer patients may present with sarcopenia. Pre-treatment sarcopenia is associated with significantly worse overall and disease-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Graves
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ghazal S Daher
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Eric J Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kendall K Tasche
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel L Price
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn M Van Abel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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21
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Vasquez Osorio E, Abravan A, Green A, van Herk M, Lee LW, Ganderton D, McPartlin A. Dysphagia at 1 Year is Associated With Mean Dose to the Inferior Section of the Brain Stem. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:903-913. [PMID: 37331569 PMCID: PMC10581448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysphagia is a common toxicity after head and neck (HN) radiation therapy that negatively affects quality of life. We explored the relationship between radiation therapy dose to normal HN structures and dysphagia 1 year after treatment using image-based datamining (IBDM), a voxel-based analysis technique. METHODS AND MATERIALS We used data from 104 patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated with definitive (chemo)radiation therapy. Swallow function was assessed pretreatment and 1 year posttreatment using 3 validated measures: MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), performance status scale for normalcy of diet (PSS-HN), and water swallowing test (WST). For IBDM, we spatially normalized all patients' planning dose matrices to 3 reference anatomies. Regions where the dose was associated with dysphagia measures at 1 year were found by performing voxel-wise statistics and permutation testing. Clinical factors, treatment variables, and pretreatment measures were used in multivariable analysis to predict each dysphagia measure at 1 year. Clinical baseline models were found using backward stepwise selection. Improvement in model discrimination after adding the mean dose to the identified region was quantified using the Akaike information criterion. We also compared the prediction performance of the identified region with a well-established association: mean doses to the pharyngeal constrictor muscles. RESULTS IBDM revealed highly significant associations between dose to distinct regions and the 3 outcomes. These regions overlapped around the inferior section of the brain stem. All clinical models were significantly improved by including mean dose to the overlap region (P ≤ .006). Including pharyngeal dosimetry significantly improved WST (P = .04) but not PSS-HN or MDADI (P ≥ .06). CONCLUSIONS In this hypothesis-generating study, we found that mean dose to the inferior section of the brain stem is strongly associated with dysphagia 1 year posttreatment. The identified region includes the swallowing centers in the medulla oblongata, providing a possible mechanistic explanation. Further work including validation in an independent cohort is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azadeh Abravan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Green
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel van Herk
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lip Wai Lee
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Ganderton
- Speech and Language Therapy, Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew McPartlin
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Tang X, Chapman RS, Peipert JD, Cella D. Establishing a common metric for physical function: Linking SARC-F and PROMIS® physical function. J Geriatr Oncol 2023; 14:101622. [PMID: 37678050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2023.101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aligned with the increasing need for standardized assessment of physical function in older individuals with cancer and other conditions, several patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been developed and published. The aim of this study is to link the Strength, Assistance with walking, Rising from a chair, Climbing stairs, and Falls questionnaire (SARC-F), and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® (PROMIS®) Physical Function Short Form 8c (PROMIS PF 8c), and make their scores convertible, in order to expand the use of both instruments in research and inform clinicians and researchers about the interchangeability of critical cut-off scores. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample included 300 participants recruited from an online panel. Participants were included if they had received a cancer diagnosis from a clinician and reported receiving anti-cancer treatment. We conducted five linking procedures and selected an optimal one to generate the crosswalk table between the two measures. RESULTS The linked T scores of all five methods showed acceptably small mean differences from the observed T scores, and the standard deviation (SD), and root-mean-squared deviation (RMSD) of the differences were generally similar across all methods. After comparing across all statistics, the Stocking-Lord approach was considered as the optimal approach to compute the crosswalk table for converting SARC-F raw scores to PROMIS PF 8c scores. The crosswalk table shows that the SARC-F cut-off value of 4 between healthy versus symptomatic with a corresponding score of 37 fell in the range of moderate physical function limitation from 30 to 39 on the PROMI PF 8c T score metric. DISCUSSION The linkage in this study has potential for improving clinical and research activities for people with cancer and perhaps others with a similar range of physical function. It facilitates the interpretability in scores of both measures on a common metric anchored on general population for further group-level analysis. Researchers can use this crosswalk to harmonize data collected from either instrument without requiring all cohorts to administer the same instrument for a prospective data collection or retrospective data analysis purpose or for a cross-study effectiveness study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Tang
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N Michigan Ave, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Robert S Chapman
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - John Devin Peipert
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N Michigan Ave, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - David Cella
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N Michigan Ave, Chicago, IL, USA.
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23
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Lin B, Lin J, Wang F, Wang Y, Shen S, Hong X, Yang H, Wang S, Yang H. Computed tomography-defined sarcopenia as a risk factor for short-term postoperative complications in oral cancer patients with free flap reconstruction: A retrospective population-based cohort study. Head Neck 2023; 45:2555-2570. [PMID: 37565367 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative complications after free flap reconstruction for oral cancer can increase cost and prolong hospitalization. This study explored risk factors for complications, focusing on sarcopenia. METHODS The study explored the associations between computed tomography-defined sarcopenia and the occurrence of postoperative complications, adjusted for age, gender, smoking, alcohol, ASA scoring, clinical stage of tumor, tumor site, type of free flap used, presence of tracheotomy, and blood test parameters. RESULTS Of 253 patients, 17.39% (44/253) of oral cancer patients had comorbid sarcopenia. Univariate analysis showed an overall postoperative complication rate of 65.90% in the sarcopenia group and 51.67% in the non-sarcopenia group. Multivariate modeling showed sarcopenia and smoking were major risk factors for total and respiratory complications, increasing the risks by over two-fold. No factors significantly impacted surgery-specific complications. CONCLUSIONS This study identified sarcopenia as a risk factor for postoperative complications in oral cancer patients undergoing flap reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianlin Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyue Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Hong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - HuiJun Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunji Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Morelli C, Formica V, Bossi P, Rofei M, Guerriero S, Riondino S, Argirò R, Pucci N, Cenci T, Savino L, Rinaldi CG, Garaci F, Orlandi A, D’Angelillo RM, Arkenau HT, Roselli M. Untailored vs. Gender- and Body-Mass-Index-Tailored Skeletal Muscle Mass Index (SMI) to Assess Sarcopenia in Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4716. [PMID: 37835410 PMCID: PMC10571960 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Sarcopenia lasting >1 year might be considered a chronic condition in many HNSCC patients. CT-scan-derived Skeletal Muscle Mass Index (SMI) is an established surrogate of sarcopenia; yet, the cut-off reported in the literature (literature-based, lb-SMI < 43.2) is mainly based on the risk of chemoradiotherapy-induced toxicity, and the optimal value to discriminate OS is under-investigated. (2) Methods: The effect on OS of the lb-SMI cutoff was compared with an untailored OS-oriented SMI cutoff obtained in a cohort of consecutive advanced HNSCC patients treated with primary chemoradiotherapy, bio-chemotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy (cohort-specific, cs-SMI cutoff). Gender- and BMI-tailored (gt-SMI and bt-SMI) cut-offs were also evaluated. Cutoff values were identified by using the maximally selected rank statistics for OS. (3) Results: In 115 HNSCC patients, the cs-SMI cutoff was 31.50, which was lower compared to the lb-SMI reported cut-off. The optimal cut-off separately determined in females, males, overweight and non-overweight patients were 46.02, 34.37, 27.32 and 34.73, respectively. gt-SMI categorization had the highest effect on survival (p < 0.0001); its prognostic value was independent of the treatment setting or the primary location and was retained in a multivariate cox-regression analysis for OS including other HNSCC-specific prognostic factors (p = 0.0004). (4) Conclusions: A tailored SMI assessment would improve clinical management of sarcopenia in chemoradiotherapy-, bio-chemotherapy- or chemo-immunotherapy-treated HNSCC patients. Gender-based SMI could be used for prognostication in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Morelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (M.R.); (S.G.); (S.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Vincenzo Formica
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (M.R.); (S.G.); (S.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Paolo Bossi
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, “ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia”, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Michela Rofei
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (M.R.); (S.G.); (S.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Simona Guerriero
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (M.R.); (S.G.); (S.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Silvia Riondino
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (M.R.); (S.G.); (S.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Renato Argirò
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Noemi Pucci
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Tonia Cenci
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (T.C.); (L.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Luca Savino
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (T.C.); (L.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Carla G. Rinaldi
- Radiation Oncology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00152 Rome, Italy; (C.G.R.); (R.M.D.)
| | - Francesco Garaci
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (T.C.); (L.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Rolando M. D’Angelillo
- Radiation Oncology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00152 Rome, Italy; (C.G.R.); (R.M.D.)
| | | | - Mario Roselli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (M.R.); (S.G.); (S.R.); (M.R.)
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25
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Ye Z, Saraf A, Ravipati Y, Hoebers F, Catalano PJ, Zha Y, Zapaishchykova A, Likitlersuang J, Guthier C, Tishler RB, Schoenfeld JD, Margalit DN, Haddad RI, Mak RH, Naser M, Wahid KA, Sahlsten J, Jaskari J, Kaski K, Mäkitie AA, Fuller CD, Aerts HJWL, Kann BH. Development and Validation of an Automated Image-Based Deep Learning Platform for Sarcopenia Assessment in Head and Neck Cancer. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2328280. [PMID: 37561460 PMCID: PMC10415962 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.28280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Sarcopenia is an established prognostic factor in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); the quantification of sarcopenia assessed by imaging is typically achieved through the skeletal muscle index (SMI), which can be derived from cervical skeletal muscle segmentation and cross-sectional area. However, manual muscle segmentation is labor intensive, prone to interobserver variability, and impractical for large-scale clinical use. Objective To develop and externally validate a fully automated image-based deep learning platform for cervical vertebral muscle segmentation and SMI calculation and evaluate associations with survival and treatment toxicity outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants For this prognostic study, a model development data set was curated from publicly available and deidentified data from patients with HNSCC treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2013. A total of 899 patients undergoing primary radiation for HNSCC with abdominal computed tomography scans and complete clinical information were selected. An external validation data set was retrospectively collected from patients undergoing primary radiation therapy between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2013, at Brigham and Women's Hospital. The data analysis was performed between May 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023. Exposure C3 vertebral skeletal muscle segmentation during radiation therapy for HNSCC. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall survival and treatment toxicity outcomes of HNSCC. Results The total patient cohort comprised 899 patients with HNSCC (median [range] age, 58 [24-90] years; 140 female [15.6%] and 755 male [84.0%]). Dice similarity coefficients for the validation set (n = 96) and internal test set (n = 48) were 0.90 (95% CI, 0.90-0.91) and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.89-0.91), respectively, with a mean 96.2% acceptable rate between 2 reviewers on external clinical testing (n = 377). Estimated cross-sectional area and SMI values were associated with manually annotated values (Pearson r = 0.99; P < .001) across data sets. On multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, SMI-derived sarcopenia was associated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.04-4.04; P = .04) and longer feeding tube duration (median [range], 162 [6-1477] vs 134 [15-1255] days; hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48-0.89; P = .006) than no sarcopenia. Conclusions and Relevance This prognostic study's findings show external validation of a fully automated deep learning pipeline to accurately measure sarcopenia in HNSCC and an association with important disease outcomes. The pipeline could enable the integration of sarcopenia assessment into clinical decision making for individuals with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhong Ye
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anurag Saraf
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yashwanth Ravipati
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank Hoebers
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Catalano
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yining Zha
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anna Zapaishchykova
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, CARIM and GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jirapat Likitlersuang
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christian Guthier
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roy B. Tishler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan D. Schoenfeld
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Danielle N. Margalit
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert I. Haddad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raymond H. Mak
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohamed Naser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kareem A. Wahid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jaakko Sahlsten
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Joel Jaskari
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kimmo Kaski
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Antti A. Mäkitie
- Department Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clifton D. Fuller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hugo J. W. L. Aerts
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, CARIM and GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin H. Kann
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Huang CH, Peng TC, Chou YF, Peng YH. Investigating sarcopenia, physical activity, and inflammation biomarkers in newly diagnosed oral cancer patients during curative treatment: A prospective longitudinal study. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2023; 10:100261. [PMID: 37497155 PMCID: PMC10365980 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2023.100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This prospective longitudinal study aimed to investigate changes in sarcopenia, physical activity, and inflammation biomarkers in patients with oral cavity cancer during curative treatment and explore their association with treatment outcomes. Methods Patients newly diagnosed with oral cavity cancer who underwent primary surgery with (chemo)radiation therapy were included. Along with physical activity and inflammatory markers, sarcopenia was assessed using a 5-time chair stand test, hand grip strength, and skeletal muscle index (SMI). Data were collected before operation and after 3 months (T2) and 6 months after operation. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify predictors of treatment outcomes. Results Out of 56 patients, 21 (37.5%) had sarcopenia. SMI score, physical activity, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) showed significant changes after surgery, with exacerbation at T2. Patients with sarcopenia exhibited a significant decrease in SMI scores at T2. Advanced cancer stage and sarcopenia were associated with treatment-related dysphagia (odds ratio [OR] = 3.01, P = 0.034; OR = 7.62, P = 0.018). Sarcopenia (OR = 3.02, P = 0.002) and NLR (OR = 5.38, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with infections. Pretreatment SMI independently predicted poor survival outcomes (hazard ratio = 7.00, P = 0.005). Conclusions Identifying patients with oral cavity cancer, sarcopenia, and high NLR levels can ensure prompt education and vigilant monitoring, potentially improving treatment outcomes and patient well-being during curative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hou Huang
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chu Peng
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Chou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsin Peng
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Tolonen A, Kerminen H, Lehtomäki K, Huhtala H, Bärlund M, Österlund P, Arponen O. Association between Computed Tomography-Determined Loss of Muscle Mass and Impaired Three-Month Survival in Frail Older Adults with Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3398. [PMID: 37444508 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As patients with solid (non-hematological) cancers and a life expectancy of <3 months rarely benefit from oncological treatment, we examined whether the CT-determined loss of muscle mass is associated with an impaired 3-month overall survival (OS) in frail ≥75-year-old patients with cancer. Frailty was assessed with G8-screening and comprehensive geriatric assessment in older adults at risk of frailty. The L3-level skeletal (SMI) and psoas (PMI) muscle indexes were determined from routine CT scans. Established and optimized SMI and PMI cut-offs were used. In the non-curative treatment group (n = 58), 3-month OS rates for normal and low SMI were 95% and 64% (HR 9.28; 95% CI 1.2-71) and for PMI 88%, and 60%, respectively (HR 4.10; 1.3-13). A Cox multivariable 3-month OS model showed an HR of 10.7 (1.0-110) for low SMI, 2.34 (0.6-9.8) for ECOG performance status 3-4, 2.11 (0.5-8.6) for clinical frailty scale 5-9, and 0.57 (0.1-2.8) for males. The 24-month OS rates in the curative intent group (n = 21) were 91% and 38% for the normal and low SMI groups, respectively. In conclusion, CT-determined low muscle mass is independently associated with an impaired 3-month OS and, alongside geriatric assessment, could aid in oncological versus best supportive care decision-making in frail patients with non-curable cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Tolonen
- Department of Radiology, Tampere University Hospital, Kuntokatu 2, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Hanna Kerminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Centre of Geriatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Kuntokatu 2, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Kaisa Lehtomäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Kalevantie 5, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Maarit Bärlund
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Pia Österlund
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Tema Cancer, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Eugeniavägen 3, 17176 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 17177 Solna, Sweden
| | - Otso Arponen
- Department of Radiology, Tampere University Hospital, Kuntokatu 2, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
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28
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Erul E, Guven DC, Onur MR, Yazici G, Aksoy S. Role of sarcopenia on survival and treatment-related toxicity in head and neck cancer: a narrative review of current evidence and future perspectives. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023:10.1007/s00405-023-08014-9. [PMID: 37188907 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to provide an up-to-date summary of sarcopenia and its clinical implications for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). METHODS We conducted a literature review of recent studies investigating the prevalence of sarcopenia in HNC patients, its detection using MRI or CT scans, and its association with clinical outcomes such as disease-free and overall survival time, radiotherapy-related side effects, cisplatin toxicity, and surgical complications. RESULTS Sarcopenia, characterized by low skeletal muscle mass (SMM), is a prevalent condition in HNC patients and can be effectively detected using routine MRI or CT scans. Low SMM in HNC patients is associated with increased risks of shorter disease-free and overall survival times, as well as radiotherapy-related side effects such as mucositis, dysphagia, and xerostomia. In addition, cisplatin toxicity is more severe in HNC patients with low SMM, leading to higher dose-limiting toxicity and treatment interruptions. Low SMM may also predict higher risks of surgical complications in head and neck surgery. Identifying sarcopenic patients can aid physicians in better riskstratifying HNC patients for therapeutic or nutritional interventions to improve clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia is a significant concern for HNC patients and can impact their clinical outcomes. Routine MRI or CT scans can effectively detect low SMM in HNC patients. Identifying sarcopenic patients can aid physicians in better risk-stratifying HNC patients for therapeutic or nutritional interventions to improve clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the potential of interventions to mitigate the negative effects of sarcopenia in HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Erul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Deniz Can Guven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University, Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Gozde Yazici
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sercan Aksoy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University, Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
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Zwart AT, Kok LMC, de Vries J, van Kester MS, Dierckx RAJO, de Bock GH, van der Hoorn A, Halmos GB. Radiologically Defined Sarcopenia as a Biomarker for Frailty and Malnutrition in Head and Neck Skin Cancer Patients. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103445. [PMID: 37240550 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether radiologically defined sarcopenia, or a low skeletal muscle index (SMI), could be used as a practical biomarker for frailty and postoperative complications (POC) in patients with head and neck skin cancer (HNSC). This was a retrospective study on prospectively collected data. The L3 SMI (cm2/m2) was calculated with use of baseline CT or MRI neck scans and low SMIs were defined using sex-specific cut-off values. A geriatric assessment with a broad range of validated tools was performed at baseline. POC was graded with the Clavien-Dindo Classification (with a grade of > II as the cut-off). Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed with low SMIs and POC as the endpoints. The patients' (n = 57) mean age was 77.0 ± 9 years, 68.4% were male, and 50.9% had stage III-IV cancer. Frailty was determined according to Geriatric 8 (G8) score (OR 7.68, 95% CI 1.19-49.66, p = 0.032) and the risk of malnutrition was determined according to the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (OR 9.55, 95% CI 1.19-76.94, p = 0.034), and these were independently related to low SMIs. Frailty based on G8 score (OR 5.42, 95% CI 1.25-23.49, p = 0.024) was the only variable related to POC. However, POC was more prevalent in patients with low SMIs (∆ 19%, OR 1.8, 95% CI 0.5-6.0, p = 0.356).To conclude, a low SMI is a practical biomarker for frailty and malnutrition in HNSC. Future research should be focused on interventions based on low SMI scores and assess the effect of the intervention on SMI, frailty, malnutrition, and POC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniek T Zwart
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laurence M C Kok
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Julius de Vries
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes S van Kester
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Haga Hospital Location Leyweg (Hagaziekenhuis), 2545 AA The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geertruida H de Bock
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk van der Hoorn
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gyorgy B Halmos
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Ohashi N, Koike K, Sakai K, Nishiyama K, Sasaki T, Ogi K, Dehari H, Kobayashi N, Miyazaki A. Accurate estimation of skeletal muscle mass by comparison of computed tomographic images of the third lumbar and third cervical vertebrae in Japanese patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Radiol 2023; 39:408-417. [PMID: 36114388 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-022-00653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the accuracy of estimating the cross-sectional area (CSA) at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) based on the CSA at the third cervical vertebra (C3) using computed tomographic images, and we identified the sources of error and bias using the evaluation of absolute reliability in 89 Japanese patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Skeletal muscle CSA was measured at the C3 and L3 on pretreatment computed tomographic images. We used the CSA at the C3 to estimate CSA at the L3 in an existing prediction formula. Correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the relative reliability of the estimate, and Bland-Altman analysis and minimum detectable change (MDC) were used to evaluate its absolute reliability. RESULTS Estimated and actual CSAs at L3 were strongly correlated (r = 0.885, p < 0.001). The mean difference between the estimated and actual CSAs was - 1.0887 cm2, the 95% confidence interval was - 4.09 to 1.91 cm2 (p = 0.472), and the 95% limits of agreement were - 29.0 and 26.8 cm2. The MDC at the 95% level of confidence in estimated and actual CSAs was 27.9 cm2. CONCLUSIONS The estimation of CSA at the L3 from the existing prediction formula with the CSA at the C3 had no systematic biases, but it did have random errors. Random errors resulted from measurement errors and biological variation. Usefulness of the existing formula is limited by physical differences in populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhide Ohashi
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan. .,Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Kazushige Koike
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Kurumi Sakai
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan.,Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Koyo Nishiyama
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Takanori Sasaki
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogi
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Hironari Dehari
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Akihiro Miyazaki
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
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Lu X, Tian Y, Huang J, Li F, Shao T, Huang G, Lv X. Evaluating the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients via L3 skeletal muscle index. Oral Dis 2023; 29:923-932. [PMID: 34773352 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to construct a formula to predict L3 skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) from C3 CSA and to select the cutoff values to evaluate the nutritional status in OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 220 OSCC patients in Nanfang Hospital were divided into two groups: the training set (n = 100) and the validation set (n = 120). Patients in the training set were performed the preoperative whole-body positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) scans, and patients in the validation set received preoperative head-and-neck computed tomography (CT) scans. C3 CSA and L3 CSA were delineated. The predictive formula was established, and the gender-specific thresholds of malnutrition were obtained by X-tile software in training set. Finally, the formula and cutoff values were validated. RESULTS The predictive formula was successfully established. The gender-specific cutoff values for L3 SMI were 55.0 cm2 /m2 for men and 36.6 cm2 /m2 for women. There were no differences between the overall survival (OS) of patients diagnosed with malnutrition and that of patients who are not malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS Our studies reveal that the L3 CSA could be calculated by C3 CSA conveniently with our formula in OSCC, which allowed us to assess malnutrition with head-and-neck CT image. However, there is no direct connection found between malnutrition and OS in OSCC. Hence, further studies with a larger sample size may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Lu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Southern Medical University NanFang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tian
- NanFang PET Center, Southern Medical University NanFang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Southern Medical University NanFang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oral Emergency and General Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Southern Medical University NanFang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingru Shao
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Southern Medical University NanFang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangzhao Huang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Southern Medical University NanFang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhi Lv
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Southern Medical University NanFang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Influence of fat-free mass index on the survival of patients with head and neck cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:1909-1917. [PMID: 36437380 PMCID: PMC9988755 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07732-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether muscle mass, defined by fat-free mass index (FFMI) measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), is predictive of survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. METHODS HNSCC patients treated between 2014 and 2018 at the Department for Nutrition of the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana were reviewed. The FFMI values from the pretreatment BIA measurements and pretreatment body mass index (BMI) were used to categorize patients into groups with low and normal muscle mass and BMI using the Global Leadership Initiative on malnutrition (GLIM) recommended cutoff values. The impact of FFMI on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was determined. RESULTS Of the 71 included patients, 31 (43.7%) had normal FFMI, and 40 (56.3%) had low FFMI, whereas 44 (62%) and 27 (38%) of the patients had normal and low BMI, respectively. Between FFMI and BMI values, a significant correlation was found (RP = 0.75, p < 0.001). Univariate regression analysis showed that FFMI (as a continuous variable) was of prognostic significance for OS (p = 0.039), which was confirmed by multivariate regression analysis (p = 0.029). The model where BMI replaced FFMI negated the prognostic value of BMI (as a continuous variable). Neither FFMI nor BMI was found to be a predictor of DFS on univariate or multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS In the present group of HNSCC patients, low FFMI adversely influenced OS, emphasizing the importance of using body composition measurement over BMI alone for pretreatment nutritional evaluation of these patients.
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Ye Z, Saraf A, Ravipati Y, Hoebers F, Zha Y, Zapaishchykova A, Likitlersuang J, Tishler RB, Schoenfeld JD, Margalit DN, Haddad RI, Mak RH, Naser M, Wahid KA, Sahlsten J, Jaskari J, Kaski K, Mäkitie AA, Fuller CD, Aerts HJ, Kann BH. Fully-automated sarcopenia assessment in head and neck cancer: development and external validation of a deep learning pipeline. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.01.23286638. [PMID: 36945519 PMCID: PMC10029039 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.23286638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Sarcopenia is an established prognostic factor in patients diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The quantification of sarcopenia assessed by imaging is typically achieved through the skeletal muscle index (SMI), which can be derived from cervical neck skeletal muscle (SM) segmentation and cross-sectional area. However, manual SM segmentation is labor-intensive, prone to inter-observer variability, and impractical for large-scale clinical use. To overcome this challenge, we have developed and externally validated a fully-automated image-based deep learning (DL) platform for cervical vertebral SM segmentation and SMI calculation, and evaluated the relevance of this with survival and toxicity outcomes. Materials and Methods 899 patients diagnosed as having HNSCC with CT scans from multiple institutes were included, with 335 cases utilized for training, 96 for validation, 48 for internal testing and 393 for external testing. Ground truth single-slice segmentations of SM at the C3 vertebra level were manually generated by experienced radiation oncologists. To develop an efficient method of segmenting the SM, a multi-stage DL pipeline was implemented, consisting of a 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) to select the middle slice of C3 section and a 2D U-Net to segment SM areas. The model performance was evaluated using the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) as the primary metric for the internal test set, and for the external test set the quality of automated segmentation was assessed manually by two experienced radiation oncologists. The L3 skeletal muscle area (SMA) and SMI were then calculated from the C3 cross sectional area (CSA) of the auto-segmented SM. Finally, established SMI cut-offs were used to perform further analyses to assess the correlation with survival and toxicity endpoints in the external institution with univariable and multivariable Cox regression. Results DSCs for validation set (n = 96) and internal test set (n = 48) were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.90 - 0.91) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.89 - 0.91), respectively. The predicted CSA is highly correlated with the ground-truth CSA in both validation (r = 0.99, p < 0.0001) and test sets (r = 0.96, p < 0.0001). In the external test set (n = 377), 96.2% of the SM segmentations were deemed acceptable by consensus expert review. Predicted SMA and SMI values were highly correlated with the ground-truth values, with Pearson r β 0.99 (p < 0.0001) for both the female and male patients in all datasets. Sarcopenia was associated with worse OS (HR 2.05 [95% CI 1.04 - 4.04], p = 0.04) and longer PEG tube duration (median 162 days vs. 134 days, HR 1.51 [95% CI 1.12 - 2.08], p = 0.006 in multivariate analysis. Conclusion We developed and externally validated a fully-automated platform that strongly correlates with imaging-assessed sarcopenia in patients with H&N cancer that correlates with survival and toxicity outcomes. This study constitutes a significant stride towards the integration of sarcopenia assessment into decision-making for individuals diagnosed with HNSCC. SUMMARY STATEMENT In this study, we developed and externally validated a deep learning model to investigate the impact of sarcopenia, defined as the loss of skeletal muscle mass, on patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) undergoing radiotherapy. We demonstrated an efficient, fullyautomated deep learning pipeline that can accurately segment C3 skeletal muscle area, calculate cross-sectional area, and derive a skeletal muscle index to diagnose sarcopenia from a standard of care CT scan. In multi-institutional data, we found that pre-treatment sarcopenia was associated with significantly reduced overall survival and an increased risk of adverse events. Given the increased vulnerability of patients with HNSCC, the assessment of sarcopenia prior to radiotherapy may aid in informed treatment decision-making and serve as a predictive marker for the necessity of early supportive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhong Ye
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anurag Saraf
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yashwanth Ravipati
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Frank Hoebers
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yining Zha
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anna Zapaishchykova
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jirapat Likitlersuang
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Roy B. Tishler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Schoenfeld
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Danielle N. Margalit
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert I. Haddad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Raymond H. Mak
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mohamed Naser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kareem A. Wahid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jaakko Sahlsten
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Joel Jaskari
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kimmo Kaski
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Antti A. Mäkitie
- Department Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clifton D. Fuller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hugo J.W.L. Aerts
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin H. Kann
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Couderc AL, Liuu E, Boudou-Rouquette P, Poisson J, Frelaut M, Montégut C, Mebarki S, Geiss R, ap Thomas Z, Noret A, Pierro M, Baldini C, Paillaud E, Pamoukdjian F. Pre-Therapeutic Sarcopenia among Cancer Patients: An Up-to-Date Meta-Analysis of Prevalence and Predictive Value during Cancer Treatment. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051193. [PMID: 36904192 PMCID: PMC10005339 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study will address the prevalence of pre-therapeutic sarcopenia (PS) and its clinical impact during cancer treatment among adult cancer patients ≥ 18 years of age. A meta-analysis (MA) with random-effect models was performed via a MEDLINE systematic review, according to the PRISMA statement, focusing on articles published before February 2022 that reported observational studies and clinical trials on the prevalence of PS and the following outcomes: overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), post-operative complications (POC), toxicities (TOX), and nosocomial infections (NI). A total of 65,936 patients (mean age: 45.7-85 y) with various cancer sites and extensions and various treatment modes were included. Mainly defined by CT scan-based loss of muscle mass only, the pooled prevalence of PS was 38.0%. The pooled relative risks were 1.97, 1.76, 2.70, 1.47, and 1.76 for OS, PFS, POC, TOX, and NI, respectively (moderate-to-high heterogeneity, I2: 58-85%). Consensus-based algorithm definitions of sarcopenia, integrating low muscle mass and low levels of muscular strength and/or physical performance, lowered the prevalence (22%) and heterogeneity (I2 < 50%). They also increased the predictive values with RRs ranging from 2.31 (OS) to 3.52 (POC). PS among cancer patients is prevalent and strongly associated with poor outcomes during cancer treatment, especially when considering a consensus-based algorithm approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Couderc
- Internal Medicine Geriatrics and Therapeutic Unit, APHM, 13009 Marseille, France
- CNRS, EFS, ADES, Aix-Marseille University, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Evelyne Liuu
- Department of Geriatrics, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
- CIC1402 INSERM Unit, Poitiers University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Pascaline Boudou-Rouquette
- Ariane Program, Department of Medical Oncology, Cochin Hospital, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, APHP, 75014 Paris, France
- INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Johanne Poisson
- Department of Geriatrics, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, APHP, 75015 Paris, France
- Faculty of Health, Paris Cité University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Maxime Frelaut
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Coline Montégut
- Internal Medicine Geriatrics and Therapeutic Unit, APHM, 13009 Marseille, France
- Coordination Unit for Geriatric Oncology (UCOG), PACA West, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mebarki
- Department of Geriatrics, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, APHP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Romain Geiss
- Department of Medical Oncology, Curie Institute, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Zoé ap Thomas
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Aurélien Noret
- Department of Geriatrics, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, APHP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Monica Pierro
- Department of Geriatrics, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, APHP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Capucine Baldini
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Elena Paillaud
- Department of Geriatrics, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, APHP, 75015 Paris, France
- INSERM, IMRB, Clinical, Epidemiology and Ageing, Université Paris-Est Creteil, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Frédéric Pamoukdjian
- Department of Geriatrics, Avicenne Hospital, APHP, 93000 Bobigny, France
- INSERM UMR_S942 Cardiovascular Markers in Stressed Conditions MASCOT, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France
- Correspondence:
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Becker JN, Hermann R, Wichmann J, Sonnhoff M, Christiansen H, Bruns F. Low skeletal muscle mass is predictive of dose-limiting toxicities in head and neck cancer patients undergoing low-dose weekly cisplatin chemoradiotherapy. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282015. [PMID: 36802403 PMCID: PMC9942991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dose-limiting effect of CT-assessed low skeletal muscle mass (LSMM) measured at the level of the third cervical vertebra has been found in head and neck cancer patients receiving high-dose cisplatin chemoradiotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive factors for dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) using low-dose weekly chemoradiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Head and neck cancer patients receiving definite chemoradiotherapy with weekly 40 mg/m2 body surface area (BSA) cisplatin or paclitaxel 45 mg/m2 BSA and carboplatin AUC2 were consecutively included and retrospectively analysed. Skeletal muscle mass was assessed using the muscle surface at the level of the third cervical vertebra in pretherapeutic CT scans. After stratification for LSMM DLT, acute toxicities and feeding status during the treatment were examined. RESULTS Dose-limiting toxicity was significantly higher in patients with LSMM receiving cisplatin weekly chemoradiotherapy. For paclitaxel/carboplatin, no significance regarding DLT and LSMM could be found. Patients with LSMM had significantly more dysphagia before treatment, although feeding tube placement before treatment was equal in patients with and without LSMM. CONCLUSIONS LSMM is a predictive factor for DLT in head and neck patients treated with low-dose weekly chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin. For paclitaxel/carboplatin, further research must be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Niklas Becker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert Hermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Radiotherapy and Radiooncology Bremen and Westerstede, Westerstede, Germany
| | - Jörn Wichmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Sonnhoff
- Centre for Radiotherapy and Radiooncology Bremen and Westerstede, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hans Christiansen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Bruns
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Impact of sarcopenia and myosteatosis on survival outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer undergoing curative-intent treatment. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:406-415. [PMID: 35152926 PMCID: PMC9876810 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition and sarcopenia are prevalent in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Pre-treatment sarcopenia and adverse oncological outcomes in this population are well described. The impact of myosteatosis and post-treatment sarcopenia is less well known. Patients with HNSCC (n = 125) undergoing chemoradiotherapy, radiotherapy alone and/or surgery were assessed for sarcopenia and myosteatosis, using cross-sectional computed tomography (CT) imaging at the third lumbar (L3) vertebra, at baseline and 3 months post-treatment. Outcomes were overall survival (OS) at 12 months and 5 years post-treatment. One hundred and one participants had a CT scan evaluable at one or two time points, of which sixty-seven (66 %) participants were sarcopenic on at least one time point. Reduced muscle attenuation affected 93 % (n = 92) pre-treatment compared with 97 % (n = 90) post-treatment. Five-year OS favoured those without post-treatment sarcopenia (hazard ratio, HR 0·37, 95 % CI 0·16, 0·88, P = 0·06) and those without both post-treatment myosteatosis and sarcopenia (HR 0·33, 95 % CI 0·13, 0·83, P = 0·06). Overall, rates of myosteatosis were high at both pre- and post-treatment time points. Post-treatment sarcopenia was associated with worse 5-year OS, as was post-treatment sarcopenia in those who had myosteatosis. Post-treatment sarcopenia should be evaluated as an independent risk factor for decreased long-term survival post-treatment containing radiotherapy (RT) for HNSCC.
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Zwart AT, Cavalheiro VJ, Lamers MJ, Dierckx RAJO, de Bock GH, Halmos GB, van der Hoorn A. The validation of low-dose CT scans from the [ 18F]-FDG PET-CT scan to assess skeletal muscle mass in comparison with diagnostic neck CT scans. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1735-1742. [PMID: 36781423 PMCID: PMC10119057 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiologically defined sarcopenia, or a low skeletal muscle index (SMI), is an emerging biomarker for adverse clinical outcomes in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Recently, SMI measurements have been validated at the level of the third cervical vertebra (C3) on diagnostic neck CT scans but are not yet validated on low-dose (LD) neck CT scans from the [18F]-FDG PET-CT. This hampers SMI analysis in HNC patients without a diagnostic neck CT but with a [18F]-FDG PET-CT scan. Therefore, the aim was to study whether (low) SMI based on LD CT scan from [18F]-FDG PET-CT is comparable to those derived from diagnostic neck CT scans. METHODS HNC patients with both diagnostic CT and [18F]-FDG PET-CT of the neck were prospectively included into the OncoLifeS data-biobank. Skeletal muscle was retrospectively delineated at the level of the third cervical vertebra (C3), and (low) SMI (cm2/m2) was calculated for diagnostic and LD neck CTs. (Low) SMI from the diagnostic neck CT was considered the reference standard. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland-Altman plots, and Cohen's Kappa analysis were performed. RESULTS The cohort (n = 233) mean age was 66.2 ± 12.8 years, and 74.2% of patients were male. Inter-rater reliability was excellent (ICC > 0.990, 95% confidence interval 0.975-0.996, p < 0.001). The agreement of SMI between both modalities was high according to the Bland-Altman plot (mean ΔSMI = - 0.19 cm2/m2), and there was no substantial bias. Cohen's Kappa analysis showed an almost perfect agreement of low SMI between the two modalities (κ = 0.911, p < 0.001). The position of arms didn't affect the high agreement of (low) SMI. CONCLUSION Skeletal muscle mass, as measured with (low) SMI, remains constant irrespective of CT acquisition parameters (diagnostic neck CT scans versus LD neck scans of the [18F]-FDG PET-CT scan), positioning of arms, and observers. These findings contribute to the construction of a clinically useful radiological biomarker for SMI and therefore identify patients at risk for adverse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniek T Zwart
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, PO Box 30 001, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands. .,Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. .,Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Vitor J Cavalheiro
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, PO Box 30 001, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria J Lamers
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Geertruida H de Bock
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, PO Box 30 001, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gyorgy B Halmos
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk van der Hoorn
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Bentahila R, Giraud P, Decazes P, Kreps S, Nay P, Chatain A, Fabiano E, Durdux C. The impact of sarcopenia on survival and treatment tolerance in patients with head and neck cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy. Cancer Med 2023; 12:4170-4183. [PMID: 36263581 PMCID: PMC9972161 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia appears to be a negative prognostic factor for poor survival outcomes and worse treatment tolerance in patients with head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We evaluated sarcopenia's impact on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and chemo-radiation tolerance in patients with head-and-neck cancer (HNC) treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) from a monocentric observational study. METHODS We identified patients with HNC treated by CRT between 2009 and 2018 with pretreatment imaging using positron emission tomography-computed tomography scans (PET/CT). Sarcopenia was measured using the pretreatment PET/CT at the L3 vertebral body using previously published methods. Clinical variables were retrospectively retrieved. RESULTS Of 216 patients identified, 54 patients (25.47%) met the criteria for sarcopenia. These patients had a lower mean body mass index before treatment (21.92 vs. 25.65 cm/m2 , p < 0.001) and were more likely to have a history of smoking (88.89% vs. 71.52%, p = 0.01), alcohol use (55.56% vs. 38.61%, p = 0.03) and positive human papilloma virus status (67.74% vs. 41.75%, p = 0.011). At 3 years of follow-up, OS and DFS were 75% and 70% versus 82% and 85% for sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients, respectively (p = 0.1 and p = 0.00015). On multivariate analysis, sarcopenia appeared as a pejorative factor on DFS (hazard ratio 2.174, p = 0.0001) in the overall cohort. Sarcopenic patients did not require more chemotherapy and radiation-treatment interruptions and did not suffer from more chemo-induced and radiation-induced grade 3-4 toxicities than their non-sarcopenic counterparts. CONCLUSION Sarcopenia in HNSCC patients is an independent adverse prognostic factor for DFS after definitive chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Bentahila
- Department of Radiation Oncology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Giraud
- Department of Radiation Oncology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Decazes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henri Becquerel Cancer Center, Rouen, France
| | - Sarah Kreps
- Department of Radiation Oncology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Paula Nay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Augustin Chatain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Fabiano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Durdux
- Department of Radiation Oncology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
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Prognostic Impact of Sarcopenia's Occurrence during Radiotherapy in Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030723. [PMID: 36765681 PMCID: PMC9913355 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to profile sarcopenic condition (both at baseline and developed during treatment) in oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) patients treated with curative radiotherapy (RT) +/- chemotherapy and to evaluate its impact on oncological outcomes and toxicity. A total of 116 patients were included in this retrospective single-center study. Sarcopenia assessment at baseline and at 50 Gy re-evaluation CT was obtained from two different methodologies: (i) the L3-skeletal muscle index (SMI) derived from the contouring of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the masticatory muscles (CSA-MM); and (ii) the paravertebral and sternocleidomastoid muscles at the level of the third cervical vertebra (CSA-C3). Based on L3-SMI from CSA-MM, developing sarcopenic condition during RT (on-RT sarcopenia) was associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.03) on multivariable analysis and a trend of correlation with overall survival (OS) was also evident (p = 0.05). According to L3-SMI derived from CSA-C3, on-RT sarcopenia was associated with worse PFS (p = 0.0096) and OS (p = 0.013) on univariate analysis; these associations were not confirmed on multivariable analysis. A significant association was reported between becoming on-RT sarcopenia and low baseline haemoglobin (p = 0.03) and the activation of nutritional counselling (p = 0.02). No significant associations were found between sarcopenia and worse RT toxicity. Our data suggest that the implementation of prompt nutritional support to prevent the onset of sarcopenia during RT could improve oncological outcomes in OPC setting.
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Vangelov B, Bauer J, Moses D, Smee R. A prediction model for skeletal muscle evaluation and computed tomography-defined sarcopenia diagnosis in a predominantly overweight cohort of patients with head and neck cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:321-328. [PMID: 35835910 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigates the feasibility of computed tomography (CT)-defined sarcopenia assessment using a prediction model for estimating the cross-sectional area (CSA) of skeletal muscle (SM) in CT scans at the third lumbar vertebra (L3), using measures at the third cervical level (C3) in a predominantly overweight population with head and neck cancer (HNC). METHODS Analysis was conducted on adult patients with newly diagnosed HNC who had a diagnostic positron emission tomography-CT scan. CSA of SM in CT images was measured at L3 and C3 in each patient, and a predictive formula developed using fivefold cross-validation and linear regression modelling. Correlation and agreement between measured CSA at L3 and predicted values were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot. The model's ability to identify sarcopenia was investigated using Cohen's Kappa (k). RESULTS A total of 109 patient scans were analysed, with 64% of the cohort being overweight or obese. The prediction model demonstrated high level of correlation between measured and predicted CSA measures (ICC 0.954, r = 0.916, p < 0.001), and skeletal muscle index (SMI) (ICC 0.939, r = 0.883, p < 0.001). Bland-Altman plot showed good agreement in SMI, with mean difference (bias) = 0.22% (SD 8.65, 95% CI - 3.35 to 3.79%), limits of agreement (- 16.74 to 17.17%). The model had a sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 85.0%, with moderate agreement on sarcopenia diagnosis (k = 0.565, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION This model is effective in predicting lumbar SM CSA using measures at C3, and in identifying low SM in a predominately overweight group of patients with HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Vangelov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nelune Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital and Community Health Services, Level 1
- Bright Building
- Barker St, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia. .,Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
| | - Judith Bauer
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Daniel Moses
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.,Department of Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital and Community Health Services, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Robert Smee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nelune Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital and Community Health Services, Level 1
- Bright Building
- Barker St, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Tamworth Base Hospital, Tamworth, NSW, 2340, Australia
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Edwards A, Hughes BGM, Brown T, Bauer J. Prevalence and Impact of Computed Tomography-Defined Sarcopenia on Survival in Patients with Human Papillomavirus-Positive Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2433-2444. [PMID: 35876662 PMCID: PMC9776633 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a known independent prognostic factor for decreased survival in patients with head and neck cancer; yet, its importance for the growing number of younger patients diagnosed with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC+) has not been established. This systematic literature review aimed to determine the prevalence and impact of computed tomography (CT)-defined sarcopenia on survival outcomes for adult OPC+ patients (>18 y) undergoing any treatment modality. Prospective studies were searched using PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and Web of Science up until and including February 2022. Bias was assessed using the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool, and certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. In total, 9 studies (total pooled OPC+ patients, n = 744) were identified and included in this review; 2 at low, 6 at moderate, and 1 at high risk of bias. All studies varied in sarcopenia assessment methods and skeletal muscle index threshold cutoff values. These studies demonstrated the cumulative prevalence of sarcopenia for OPC+ patients to be 42.9% (95% CI: 37.8%, 47.9%). While overall survival (3 studies, n = 253) and progression-free survival (1 study, n = 117) was lower in sarcopenic OPC+ patients, this was not statistically significant. GRADE certainty of evidence for impact of pretreatment sarcopenia on overall survival was low and progression-free survival was very low. Although these studies showed there to be a high prevalence of pretreatment sarcopenia in patients with OPC+, which may decrease survival, the impact on progression-free survival is very uncertain. Further, high-quality research utilizing consistent sarcopenia definitions and assessment methods that are conducted specifically in OPC+ is required to strengthen evidence certainty and determine if sarcopenia is an independent prognostic factor for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brett G M Hughes
- Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Teresa Brown
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Dietetics and Food Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith Bauer
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Willemsen ACH, De Moor N, Van Dessel J, Baijens LWJ, Bila M, Hauben E, van den Hout MFCM, Vander Poorten V, Hoeben A, Clement PM, Schols AMWJ. The predictive and prognostic value of weight loss and body composition prior to and during immune checkpoint inhibition in recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer patients. Cancer Med 2022; 12:7699-7712. [PMID: 36484469 PMCID: PMC10134381 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Response rates of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) are low. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective multicentre cohort study evaluates the predictive and prognostic value of weight loss and changes in body composition prior and during therapy. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics of 98 patients were retrieved, including neutrophil and platelet-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR and PLR). Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was determined on residual material. Cachexia was defined according to Fearon et al. (2011). Skeletal muscle (SM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were evaluated on computed tomography scans at the third lumbar vertebrae level. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed for 6 months progression free survival (PFS6m) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Significant early weight loss (>2%) during the first 6 weeks of therapy was shown in 34 patients (35%). This patient subgroup had a significantly higher NLR and PLR at baseline. NLR and PLR were inversely correlated with SM and VAT index. Independent predictors of PFS6m were lower World Health Organization performance status (HR 0.16 [0.04-0.54] p = 0.003), higher baseline SAT index (HR 1.045 [1.02-1.08] p = 0.003), and weight loss <2% (HR 0.85 [0.74-0.98] p = 0.03). Baseline cachexia in combination with >2% early weight loss remained a predictor of OS, independent of PD-L1 expression (HR 2.09 [1.11-3.92] p = 0.02, HR 2.18 [1.13-4.21] p = 0.02). CONCLUSION We conclude that the combination of cachexia at baseline and weight loss during ICI therapy is associated with worse OS in R/M HNSCC patients, independent of PD-L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. H. Willemsen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
- GROW‐School of Oncology and Developmental Biology Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Nina De Moor
- Department of Oncology Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Dessel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Laura W. J. Baijens
- GROW‐School of Oncology and Developmental Biology Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Michel Bila
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Esther Hauben
- Department of Pathology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Mari F. C. M. van den Hout
- GROW‐School of Oncology and Developmental Biology Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Vander Poorten
- Department of Oncology Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Ann Hoeben
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
- GROW‐School of Oncology and Developmental Biology Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Paul M. Clement
- Department of Oncology Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Annemie M. W. J. Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Center+ Maastricht The Netherlands
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43
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Jovanovic N, Chinnery T, Mattonen SA, Palma DA, Doyle PC, Theurer JA. Sarcopenia in head and neck cancer: A scoping review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278135. [PMID: 36441690 PMCID: PMC9704631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In those undergoing treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC), sarcopenia is a strong prognostic factor for outcomes and mortality. This review identified working definitions and methods used to objectively assess sarcopenia in HNC. METHOD The scoping review was performed in accordance with Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage methodology and the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. INFORMATION SOURCES Eligible studies were identified using MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases. STUDY SELECTION Inclusion criteria represented studies of adult HNC patients in which sarcopenia was listed as an outcome, full-text articles written in English, and empirical research studies with a quantitative design. DATA EXTRACTION Eligible studies were assessed using a proprietary data extraction form. General information, article details and characteristics, and details related to the concept of the scoping review were extracted in an iterative process. RESULTS Seventy-six studies published internationally from 2016 to 2021 on sarcopenia in HNC were included. The majority were retrospective (n = 56; 74%) and the prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 3.8% to 78.7%. Approximately two-thirds of studies used computed tomography (CT) to assess sarcopenia. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) (n = 53; 70%) was the most prevalent metric used to identify sarcopenia, followed by SMI at the third cervical vertebra (C3) (n = 4; 5%). CONCLUSIONS Currently, the most effective strategy to assess sarcopenia in HNC depends on several factors, including access to resources, patient and treatment characteristics, and the prognostic significance of outcomes used to represent sarcopenia. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) measured at C3 may represent a practical, precise, and cost-effective biomarker for the detection of sarcopenia. However, combining SMM measurements at C3 with other sarcopenic parameters-including muscle strength and physical performance-may provide a more accurate risk profile for sarcopenia assessment and allow for a greater understanding of this condition in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedeljko Jovanovic
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Tricia Chinnery
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah A. Mattonen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David A. Palma
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Philip C. Doyle
- Division of Laryngology, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Julie A. Theurer
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, London, ON, Canada
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Elborn College, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Haehl E, Alvino L, Rühle A, Zou J, Fabian A, Grosu AL, Nicolay NH. Sarcopenia as a Prognostic Marker in Elderly Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Undergoing (Chemo-)Radiation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225536. [PMID: 36428629 PMCID: PMC9688610 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is associated with reduced survival and increased toxicity in malignant diseases. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases with age and is an important cause of functional decline. We analyzed sarcopenia and sarcopenia dynamics in elderly head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients undergoing (chemo)radiation. Skeletal muscle mass of 280 elderly HNSCC-patients (>65 yrs) receiving curative (chemo)radiation was manually outlined and quantified on CT scans at the level of the C3 (C3MA). Cross-sectional muscle area at L3 (L3MA) was calculated and normalized to height (L3MI). Frequency distributions of clinical parameters as well as overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and locoregional control (LRC) were calculated regarding sarcopenia. Calculated L3MA correlated with pretherapeutic hemoglobin-levels (ρ = 0.280) bodyweight (ρ = 0.702) and inversely with patient-age (ρ = −0.290). Sarcopenic patients featured larger tumors (T3/4 69.0% vs. 52.8%, p < 0.001), a higher burden of comorbidity (age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index 4.8 vs. 4.2, p = 0.015) and more severe chronic toxicities (CTCAE grade 3/4 24.0% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.022). OS was significantly deteriorated in sarcopenic patients with a median of 23 vs. 91 months (logrank p = 0.002) (HR 1.79, CI 1.22−2.60, p = 0.003) and sarcopenia remained an independent prognostic factor for reduced OS in the multivariate analysis (HR 1.64, CI 1.07−2.52, p = 0.023). After therapy, 33% of previously non-sarcopenic patients developed sarcopenia, while 97% of pre-treatment sarcopenic remained sarcopenic. Median bodyweight decreased by 6.8%, whereas median calculated L3MA decreased by 2.4%. In contrast to pretherapeutic, post-therapeutic sarcopenia is no prognosticator for reduced OS. Pretherapeutic sarcopenia is a significant prognostic factor in elderly HNSCC patients undergoing (chemo-)radiation and should be considered in pretherapeutic decision-making. Its role as a predictive marker for tailored supportive interventions merits further prospective evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Haehl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg—Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa Alvino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg—Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Rühle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg—Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jiadai Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg—Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Fabian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg—Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anca-Ligia Grosu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg—Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils H. Nicolay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg—Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Stephanstr. 9a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Yang JF, Huang WY, Lo CH, Lee MS, Lin CS, Shen PC, Dai YH, Wang YF, Chen TW. Significant muscle loss after stereotactic body radiotherapy predicts worse survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19100. [PMID: 36352042 PMCID: PMC9646692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between sarcopenia and treatment outcomes, especially in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has not been well-explored. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sarcopenia on the survival and toxicity after SBRT in patients with HCC. We included 137 patients with HCC treated with SBRT between 2008 and 2018. Sarcopenia was defined as a skeletal muscle index (SMI) of < 49 cm2/m2 for men and < 31 cm2/m2 for women using computed tomography images at the mid-level of the third lumbar vertebra. The SMI change was presented as the change per 90 days. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival estimation, and the Cox regression was used to determine prognosticators. Sarcopenia was present in 67 of 137 eligible patients. With the median follow-up of 14.1 months and 32.7 months in the entire cohort and in those alive, respectively, patients with pre-SBRT sarcopenia or SMI loss ≥ 7% after SBRT had worse overall survival than their counterparts. Significant survival predictors on multivariate analysis were SMI loss ≥ 7% after SBRT [hazard ratio (HR): 1.96, p = 0.013], presence of extrahepatic metastasis (HR: 3.47, p < 0.001), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (HR: 1.79, p = 0.027), and multiple tumors (HR: 2.19, p = 0.003). Separate Cox models according to the absence and presence of pre-SBRT sarcopenia showed that SMI loss ≥ 7% remained a significant survival predictor in patients with sarcopenia (HR: 3.06, p = 0.017) compared with those without sarcopenia. SMI loss ≥ 7% is also a predictor of the Child-Pugh score increase by ≥ 2 points after SBRT. SMI loss ≥ 7% after SBRT is a significant prognostic factor for worse survival and is associated with liver toxicity compared with pre-SBRT sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Fu Yang
- grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Huang
- grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Lo
- grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Shyuan Lee
- grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shu Lin
- grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chien Shen
- grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hong Dai
- grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Fu Wang
- grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Wei Chen
- grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Cheng-Kong Rd., Nei-Hu, Taipei, 11490 Taiwan
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Medici F, Rizzo S, Buwenge M, Arcelli A, Ferioli M, Macchia G, Deodato F, Cilla S, De Iaco P, Perrone AM, Strolin S, Strigari L, Ravegnini G, Bazzocchi A, Morganti AG. Everything You Always Wanted to Know about Sarcopenia but Were Afraid to Ask: A Quick Guide for Radiation Oncologists (Impact of Sarcopenia in Radiotherapy: The AFRAID Project). Curr Oncol 2022; 29:8513-8528. [PMID: 36354731 PMCID: PMC9689889 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29110671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia (SP) is a syndrome characterized by age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. SP worsens both acute and late radiation-induced toxicity, prognosis, and quality of life. Myosteatosis is a pathological infiltration of muscle tissue by adipose tissue which often precedes SP and has a proven correlation with prognosis in cancer patients. Sarcopenic obesity is considered a "hidden form" of SP (due to large fat mass) and is independently related to higher mortality and worse complications after surgery and systemic treatments with worse prognostic impact compared to SP alone. The evaluation of SP is commonly based on CT images at the level of the middle of the third lumbar vertebra. On this scan, all muscle structures are contoured and then the outlined surface area is calculated. Several studies reported a negative impact of SP on overall survival in patients undergoing RT for tumors of the head and neck, esophagus, rectum, pancreas, cervix, and lung. Furthermore, several appetite-reducing side effects of RT, along with more complex radiation-induced mechanisms, can lead to SP through, but not limited to, reduced nutrition. In particular, in pediatric patients, total body irradiation was associated with the onset of SP and other changes in body composition leading to an increased risk of cardiometabolic morbidity in surviving adults. Finally, some preliminary studies showed the possibility of effectively treating SP and preventing the worsening of SP during RT. Future studies should be able to provide information on how to prevent and manage SP before, during, or after RT, in both adult and pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Medici
- Department of Experimental, Radiation Oncology, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-214-3564
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- Service of Radiology, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Milly Buwenge
- Department of Experimental, Radiation Oncology, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Arcelli
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Ferioli
- Department of Experimental, Radiation Oncology, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriella Macchia
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Gemelli Molise Hospital-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Francesco Deodato
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Gemelli Molise Hospital-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Savino Cilla
- Medical Physics Unit, Gemelli Molise Hospital-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Pierandrea De Iaco
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche (CSR), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Myriam Perrone
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche (CSR), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Strolin
- Department of Medical Physics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lidia Strigari
- Department of Medical Physics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio G. Morganti
- Department of Experimental, Radiation Oncology, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Edwards A, Brown T, Hughes BGM, Bauer J. The changing face of head and neck cancer: are patients with human papillomavirus-positive disease at greater nutritional risk? A systematic review. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:7191-7204. [PMID: 35477809 PMCID: PMC9385807 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now the primary cause of oropharyngeal head and neck cancer (OPC) worldwide; yet limited research has examined the effect of HPV-positive status (OPC+) on nutrition outcomes. This study aims to determine the impact of HPV status on nutritional outcomes for adult patients with OPC undergoing any treatment modality. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted up to and including July 2021 of PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and Web of Science to identify studies conducted in adults (>18 years) with known OPC reporting on any outcome(s) related to nutrition, according to HPV status (OPC+ versus OPC-). Bias was assessed using QUIPS tool, with certainty of evidence assessed using GRADE system. RESULTS Six studies (total n = 635) all at moderate-high risk of bias were included. Three studies reported on weight change (n = 255), three feeding tube dependency (n = 380), three feeding tube timing of placement (prophylactic or reactive) and/or utilisation (n = 255), two nutritional (energy and/or protein) intake (n = 230), and one nutritional status (n = 83). Patients with OPC+ may experience greater weight loss, may have higher utilisation of reactive feeding tubes (both GRADE low certainty, downgraded due to serious bias and imprecision), and may have lower feeding tube dependency rates (GRADE low certainty, downgraded due to serious bias and inconsistency) versus OPC- . It is uncertain whether nutritional intake and nutritional status differed between populations (GRADE very low certainty, downgraded due to serious bias and very serious imprecision). CONCLUSION Further, high-quality research is needed to understand optimal nutritional care practices for patients with OPC + to achieve positive health outcomes into survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Edwards
- School of Human Movements and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Nutrition & Dietetics, Toowoomba Hospital, Darling Downs Health, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.
- Nutrition & Dietetics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Teresa Brown
- School of Human Movements and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Nutrition & Dietetics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett G M Hughes
- Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Judy Bauer
- School of Human Movements and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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Zwart AT, Pörtzgen W, van Rijn-Dekker I, Sidorenkov GA, Dierckx RAJO, Steenbakkers RJHM, Wegner I, van der Hoorn A, de Bock GH, Halmos GB. Sex-Specific Cut-Off Values for Low Skeletal Muscle Mass to Identify Patients at Risk for Treatment-Related Adverse Events in Head and Neck Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164650. [PMID: 36012884 PMCID: PMC9409908 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A low skeletal muscle index (SMI), defined with cut-off values, is a promising predictor for adverse events (AEs) in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) patients. The aim was to generate sex-specific SMI cut-off values based on AE to diagnose low SMI and to analyse the relationship between low SMI and AEs in HNSCC patients. In this present study, HNSCC patients were prospectively included in a large oncological data-biobank and SMI was retrospectively measured using baseline neck scans. In total, 193 patients were included and were stratified according to treatment modality: (chemo-)radiotherapy ((C)RT) (n = 135) and surgery (n = 61). AE endpoints were based on the occurrence of clinically relevant toxicities (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade ≥ III) and postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo Classification grade ≥ II). Sex-specific SMI cut-off values were generated with receiver operating characteristic curves, based on the AE endpoints. The relationship of the baseline characteristics and AEs was analysed with logistic regression analysis, with AEs as the endpoint. Multivariable logistic analysis showed that low SMI (OR 3.33, 95%CI 1.41–7.85) and tumour stage (OR 3.45, 95%CI 1.28–9.29) were significantly and independently associated to (C)RT toxicity. Low SMI was not related to postoperative complications. To conclude, sex-specific SMI cut-off values, were generated based on the occurrence of AEs. Low SMI and tumour stage were independently related to (C)RT toxicity in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniek T. Zwart
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-50-361-61-61
| | - Wolf Pörtzgen
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene van Rijn-Dekker
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Grigory A. Sidorenkov
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Inge Wegner
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk van der Hoorn
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geertruida H. de Bock
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gyorgy B. Halmos
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Wahid KA, Olson B, Jain R, Grossberg AJ, El-Habashy D, Dede C, Salama V, Abobakr M, Mohamed ASR, He R, Jaskari J, Sahlsten J, Kaski K, Fuller CD, Naser MA. Muscle and adipose tissue segmentations at the third cervical vertebral level in patients with head and neck cancer. Sci Data 2022; 9:470. [PMID: 35918336 PMCID: PMC9346108 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate determination of sarcopenia is critical for disease management in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Quantitative determination of sarcopenia is currently dependent on manually-generated segmentations of skeletal muscle derived from computed tomography (CT) cross-sectional imaging. This has prompted the increasing utilization of machine learning models for automated sarcopenia determination. However, extant datasets currently do not provide the necessary manually-generated skeletal muscle segmentations at the C3 vertebral level needed for building these models. In this data descriptor, a set of 394 HNC patients were selected from The Cancer Imaging Archive, and their skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was manually segmented at the C3 vertebral level using sliceOmatic. Subsequently, using publicly disseminated Python scripts, we generated corresponding segmentations files in Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative format. In addition to segmentation data, additional clinical demographic data germane to body composition analysis have been retrospectively collected for these patients. These data are a valuable resource for studying sarcopenia and body composition analysis in patients with HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem A Wahid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brennan Olson
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Rishab Jain
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Aaron J Grossberg
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Dina El-Habashy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt
| | - Cem Dede
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vivian Salama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Moamen Abobakr
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Abdallah S R Mohamed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Renjie He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joel Jaskari
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jaakko Sahlsten
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kimmo Kaski
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Clifton D Fuller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Mohamed A Naser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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50
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Naser MA, Wahid KA, Grossberg AJ, Olson B, Jain R, El-Habashy D, Dede C, Salama V, Abobakr M, Mohamed ASR, He R, Jaskari J, Sahlsten J, Kaski K, Fuller CD. Deep learning auto-segmentation of cervical skeletal muscle for sarcopenia analysis in patients with head and neck cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:930432. [PMID: 35965493 PMCID: PMC9366009 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.930432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Purpose Sarcopenia is a prognostic factor in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Sarcopenia can be determined using the skeletal muscle index (SMI) calculated from cervical neck skeletal muscle (SM) segmentations. However, SM segmentation requires manual input, which is time-consuming and variable. Therefore, we developed a fully-automated approach to segment cervical vertebra SM. Materials/Methods 390 HNC patients with contrast-enhanced CT scans were utilized (300-training, 90-testing). Ground-truth single-slice SM segmentations at the C3 vertebra were manually generated. A multi-stage deep learning pipeline was developed, where a 3D ResUNet auto-segmented the C3 section (33 mm window), the middle slice of the section was auto-selected, and a 2D ResUNet auto-segmented the auto-selected slice. Both the 3D and 2D approaches trained five sub-models (5-fold cross-validation) and combined sub-model predictions on the test set using majority vote ensembling. Model performance was primarily determined using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Predicted SMI was calculated using the auto-segmented SM cross-sectional area. Finally, using established SMI cutoffs, we performed a Kaplan-Meier analysis to determine associations with overall survival. Results Mean test set DSC of the 3D and 2D models were 0.96 and 0.95, respectively. Predicted SMI had high correlation to the ground-truth SMI in males and females (r>0.96). Predicted SMI stratified patients for overall survival in males (log-rank p = 0.01) but not females (log-rank p = 0.07), consistent with ground-truth SMI. Conclusion We developed a high-performance, multi-stage, fully-automated approach to segment cervical vertebra SM. Our study is an essential step towards fully-automated sarcopenia-related decision-making in patients with HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Naser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kareem A. Wahid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Aaron J. Grossberg
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Brennan Olson
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Rishab Jain
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Dina El-Habashy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Menoufia University Shibin El Kom, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Cem Dede
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vivian Salama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Moamen Abobakr
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Abdallah S. R. Mohamed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Renjie He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joel Jaskari
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jaakko Sahlsten
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kimmo Kaski
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Clifton D. Fuller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Clifton D. Fuller,
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