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Campbell NO, Davison LM, Banerjee S, Nguyen JK, Krafcik S, Silverman RH, Jorgensen TN. Ablation of SigH+ pDCs in B6.Nba2 mice prevents lupus-like disease development only if started before disease is fully established. Lupus 2022; 31:1619-1629. [PMID: 36134524 PMCID: PMC10466375 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221127561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by hyper-activation of the immune system, multi-organ inflammation, and end-organ damage. Type I interferons (IFN-I) have been strongly implicated a role in disease etiology as has the main IFN-I-producing cell subset, the plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC). The B6.Nba2 mouse model develops a lupus-like disease characterized by elevated IFN-I levels and pDC pathogenicity. We have previously shown that pDC ablation prior to disease development in B6.Nba2 mice effectively prevents disease; however, it remains unclear if a similar protection can be seen if pDC ablation is initiated during later disease stages. This is important as Systemic lupus erythematosus patients are rarely diagnosed until disease is well-established and thus preventative treatment is unlikely to take place. Here we show that ablation of pDCs in the B6.Nba2 mouse model must be initiated early in order to effectively block disease development and that sustained reduction in pDC numbers is necessary for sustained effects. Finally, targeting of pDCs have been hypothesized to affect immunity towards infectious agents, in particular virus and intracellular bacteria. We show here that pDC ablation in B6.Nba2 mice does not affect the anti-viral response to encephalomyocarditic virus or a model T-dependent antigen. In summary, pDC ablation does not affect general immunity, but needs to happen early and be sustained to prevent lupus-like disease development in B6.Nba2 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole O Campbell
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA
| | - Laura M Davison
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, USA
- Amgen (Teneobio), Newark, CA, USA
| | - Shuvojit Banerjee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA
- Autonomous Therapeutics, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jane K Nguyen
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Krafcik
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA
| | - Robert H Silverman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA
| | - Trine N Jorgensen
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, USA
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Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-targeted therapeutics in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:335-351. [PMID: 35508810 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which acts via G protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1PRs), is a bioactive lipid essential for vascular integrity and lymphocyte trafficking. The S1P-S1PR signalling axis is a key component of the inflammatory response in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Several drugs that target S1PRs have been approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease and are under clinical testing for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Preclinical studies support the hypothesis that targeting the S1P-S1PR axis would be beneficial to patients with SLE, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) by reducing pathological inflammation. Whereas most preclinical research and development efforts are focused on reducing lymphocyte trafficking, protective effects of circulating S1P on endothelial S1PRs, which maintain the vascular barrier and enable blood circulation while dampening leukocyte extravasation, have been largely overlooked. In this Review, we take a holistic view of S1P-S1PR signalling in lymphocyte and vascular pathobiology. We focus on the potential of S1PR modulators for the treatment of SLE, RA and SSc and summarize the rationale, pathobiology and evidence from preclinical models and clinical studies. Improved understanding of S1P pathobiology in autoimmune rheumatic diseases and S1PR therapeutic modulation is anticipated to lead to efficacious and safer management of these diseases.
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Chia YL, Santiago L, Wang B, Kuruvilla D, Wang S, Tummala R, Roskos L. Exposure-response analysis for selection of optimal dosage regimen of anifrolumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:5854-5862. [PMID: 33629110 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The randomized, double-blind, phase 2 b MUSE study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the type I IFN receptor antibody anifrolumab (300 mg or 1000 mg every 4 weeks) compared with placebo for 52 weeks in patients with chronic, moderate to severe SLE. Characterizing the exposure-response relationship of anifrolumab in MUSE will enable selection of its optimal dosage regimen in two phase 3 studies in patients with SLE. METHODS The exposure-response relationship, pharmacokinetics (PK) and SLE Responder Index (SRI(4)) efficacy data were analysed using a population approach. A dropout hazard function was also incorporated into the SRI(4) model to describe the voluntary patient withdrawals during the 1-year treatment period. RESULTS The population PK model found that type I IFNGS-high patients, and patients with a higher body weight, had significantly greater clearance of anifrolumab. Stochastic clinical simulations demonstrated that doses <300 mg would lead to a greater-than-proportional reduction in drug exposure owing to type I IFN alpha receptor-mediated drug clearance (antigen-sink effect, more rapid drug clearance at lower concentrations) and suboptimal SRI(4) responses with wider confidence intervals. CONCLUSIONS Based on PK, efficacy and safety considerations, anifrolumab 300 mg every 4 weeks was recommended as the optimal dosage for pivotal phase 3 studies in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Lin Chia
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Linda Santiago
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Bing Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Denison Kuruvilla
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Shiliang Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Raj Tummala
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Lorin Roskos
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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Haque M, Siegel RJ, Fox DA, Ahmed S. Interferon-stimulated GTPases in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: promising role for the guanylate-binding protein (GBP) family. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:494-506. [PMID: 33159795 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human IFNs are secreted cytokines shown to stimulate the expression of over one thousand genes. These IFN-inducible genes primarily encode four major protein families, known as IFN-stimulated GTPases (ISGs), namely myxovirus-resistance proteins, guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs), p47 immunity-related GTPases and very large inducible guanosine triphosphate hydrolases (GTPases). These families respond specifically to type I or II IFNs and are well reported in coordinating immunity against some well known as well as newly discovered viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. A growing body of evidence highlights the potential contributory and regulatory roles of ISGs in dysregulated inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Our focus was to draw attention to studies that demonstrate increased expression of ISGs in the serum and affected tissues of patients with RA, SS, lupus, IBD and psoriasis. In this review, we analysed emerging literature describing the potential roles of ISGs, particularly the GBP family, in the context of autoimmunity. We also highlighted the promise and implications for therapeutically targeting IFNs and GBPs in the treatment of rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamudul Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Ruby J Siegel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - David A Fox
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Salahuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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Fox LE, Locke MC, Lenschow DJ. Context Is Key: Delineating the Unique Functions of IFNα and IFNβ in Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:606874. [PMID: 33408718 PMCID: PMC7779635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical effector cytokines of the immune system and were originally known for their important role in protecting against viral infections; however, they have more recently been shown to play protective or detrimental roles in many disease states. Type I IFNs consist of IFNα, IFNβ, IFNϵ, IFNκ, IFNω, and a few others, and they all signal through a shared receptor to exert a wide range of biological activities, including antiviral, antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects. Though the individual type I IFN subtypes possess overlapping functions, there is growing appreciation that they also have unique properties. In this review, we summarize some of the mechanisms underlying differential expression of and signaling by type I IFNs, and we discuss examples of differential functions of IFNα and IFNβ in models of infectious disease, cancer, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey E Fox
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Marissa C Locke
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Deborah J Lenschow
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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Koh JWH, Ng CH, Tay SH. Biologics targeting type I interferons in SLE: A meta-analysis and systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Lupus 2020; 29:1845-1853. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203320959702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective The feed-forward loop of type I interferons (IFNs) production and subsequent immunopathology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been hypothesised to be disrupted with inhibition of IFNα or type I IFN receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR). This systematic review and meta-analysis present the treatment efficacy and safety profile of monoclonal antibodies inhibiting IFNα or IFNAR. Methods A search was done using Medline, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov for biologics targeting IFNα or IFNAR in SLE up to 3 Jan 2020. For the meta-analysis, analyses of binary variables were pooled using odds ratio (OR) with the Mantel Haenszel model. Results Anifrolumab 300 mg (n = 3 studies, 927 patients) was more effective than placebo in achieving SRI(4) (pooled OR = 1.91, CI 1.11-3.28, P = 0.02) and BICLA response (pooled OR = 2.25, CI 1.72-2.95, P < 0.00001). In SLE patients with high type I IFN gene signature, SRI(4) response was not achieved with anifrolumab in 2 studies, 450 patients. Treatment with IFNα and IFNAR inhibitors (n = 7 studies, 1590 patients) increased the risk of herpes zoster infection (pooled OR = 3.72, CI 1.88–7.39, P = 0.0002), upper respiratory tract infections, nasopharyngitis and bronchitis. Conclusion This meta-analysis substantiates IFNAR as a therapeutic target in SLE. Inhibition of type I IFNs predisposes to herpes zoster and other viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery Wei Heng Koh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sen Hee Tay
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Nocito C, Lubinsky C, Hand M, Khan S, Patel T, Seliga A, Winfield M, Zuluaga-Ramirez V, Fernandes N, Shi X, Unterwald EM, Persidsky Y, Sriram U. Centrally Acting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses and Decreases Inflammation in the Periphery and the CNS in Lupus-Prone Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:573677. [PMID: 33042154 PMCID: PMC7522287 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.573677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multi-organ damage. Neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) is one of the most common manifestations of human SLE, often causing depression. Interferon-α (IFNα) is a central mediator in disease pathogenesis. Administration of IFNα to patients with chronic viral infections or cancers causes depressive symptoms. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is part of the kallikrein-kinin/renin-angiotensin (KKS/RAS) system that regulates many physiological processes, including inflammation, and brain functions. It is known that ACE degrades bradykinin (BK) into inactive peptides. We have previously shown in an in vitro model of mouse bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells that captopril (a centrally acting ACE inhibitor-ACEi) suppressed Type I IFN responsive gene (IRG) expression. In this report, we used the MRL/lpr lupus-prone mouse model, an established model to study NPSLE, to determine the in vivo effects of captopril on Type I IFN and associated immune responses in the periphery and brain and effects on behavior. Administering captopril to MRL/lpr mice decreased expression of IRGs in brain, spleen and kidney, decreased circulating and tissue IFNα levels, decreased microglial activation (IBA-1 expression) and reduced depressive-like behavior. Serotonin levels that are decreased in depression were increased by captopril treatment. Captopril also reduced autoantibody levels in plasma and immune complex deposition in kidney and brain. Thus, ACEi's may have potential for therapeutic use for systemic and NPSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Nocito
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Cody Lubinsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michelle Hand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sabeeya Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tulsi Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alecia Seliga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Malika Winfield
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Viviana Zuluaga-Ramirez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicole Fernandes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiangdang Shi
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ellen M Unterwald
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yuri Persidsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Uma Sriram
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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A clinical population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for BIIB059, a monoclonal antibody for the treatment of systemic and cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2020; 47:255-266. [PMID: 32335844 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-020-09688-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (popPK/PD) model for BIIB059 (anti-blood dendritic cell antigen 2 [anti-BDCA2]), a humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody currently under development for the treatment of SLE and CLE, is presented. BIIB059 binds BDCA2, a plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC)-specific receptor that inhibits the production of IFN-I and other inflammatory mediators when ligated. Phase 1 PK and PD data of healthy adult volunteers (HV, n = 87) and SLE subjects (n = 22) were utilized for the development of the popPK/PD model. The data included single and multiple dosing of intravenous and subcutaneous BIIB059. BDCA2 internalization (PD marker) was measured for all subjects by monitoring reduction of BDCA2 on pDC cell surface and used for development of the popPD model. A two-compartment popPK model with linear plus non-linear elimination was found to best describe BIIB059 PK. BDCA2 levels were best captured using an indirect response model with stimulation of the elimination of BDCA2. Clearance in SLE subjects was 25% higher compared to HV (6.87 vs 5.52 mL/h). Bodyweight was identified as only other covariate on clearance and central volume. The estimates of EC50 and Emax were 0.35 μg/mL and 8.92, respectively. No difference in EC50 and Emax was observed between SLE and HV. The popPK/PD model described the data accurately, as evaluated by pcVPCs and bootstrap. The presented popPK/PD model for BIIB059 provides valuable insight into the dynamics and dose-response relationship of BIIB059 for the treatment of SLE and CLE and was used to guide dose selection for the Phase 2 clinical study (NCT02847598).
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9
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Vlachiotis S, Andreakos E. Lambda interferons in immunity and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2019; 104:102319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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10
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van Vollenhoven RF, Hahn BH, Tsokos GC, Wagner CL, Lipsky P, Touma Z, Werth VP, Gordon RM, Zhou B, Hsu B, Chevrier M, Triebel M, Jordan JL, Rose S. Efficacy and safety of ustekinumab, an IL-12 and IL-23 inhibitor, in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus: results of a multicentre, double-blind, phase 2, randomised, controlled study. Lancet 2018; 392:1330-1339. [PMID: 30249507 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ustekinumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 and is approved for the treatment of plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and Crohn's disease. IL-12 and IL-23 have been implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of ustekinumab for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus in patients with moderate-to-severe disease activity despite conventional treatment. METHODS This was a multicentre, double-blind, phase 2, randomised, controlled trial of adult patients with active, seropositive systemic lupus erythematosus, done at 44 private practices and academic centres in Argentina, Australia, Germany, Hungary, Mexico, Poland, Spain, Taiwan, and the USA. Eligible adults were aged 18-75 years, weighed at least 35 kg, and had a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus at least 3 months before the first administration of study drug. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (3:2) to the ustekinumab or placebo group using an interactive web response system with stratification by skin biopsy, lupus nephritis presence, baseline systemic lupus erythematosus medications and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) score combined factor, site, region, and race. Patients and investigators were masked to treatment allocation. Patients received an intravenous infusion of ustekinumab (260 mg for patients weighing 35-55 kg, 390 mg for patients weighing >55 kg and ≤85 kg, and 520 mg for patients weighing >85 kg) followed by subcutaneous injections of ustekinumab 90 mg every 8 weeks or intravenous infusion of placebo at week 0 followed by subcutaneous injections of placebo every 8 weeks, both in addition to standard-of-care therapy. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving a SLEDAI-2K responder index-4 (SRI-4) response at week 24. Efficacy analyses were done in a modified intention-to-treat population of patients who received at least one dose (partial or complete, intravenous or subcutaneous) of their randomly assigned study treatment. Safety analyses were done in all patients who received at least one dose of study treatment, regardless of group assignment. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02349061. FINDINGS Between Oct 6, 2015, and Nov 30, 2016, 166 patients were screened, of whom 102 were randomly assigned to receive ustekinumab (n=60) or placebo (n=42). At week 24, 37 (62%) of 60 patients in the ustekinumab group and 14 (33%) of 42 patients in the placebo group achieved an SRI-4 response (percentage difference 28% [95% CI 10-47], p=0·006). Between week 0 and week 24, 47 (78%) of 60 patients in the ustekinumab group and 28 (67%) of 42 patients in the placebo group had at least one adverse event. Infections were the most common type of adverse event (27 [45%] in the ustekinumab group vs 21 [50%] in the placebo group). No deaths or treatment-emergent opportunistic infections, herpes zoster, tuberculosis, or malignancies occurred between weeks 0-24. INTERPRETATION The addition of ustekinumab to standard-of-care treatment resulted in better efficacy in clinical and laboratory parameters than placebo in the treatment of active systemic lupus erythematosus and had a safety profile consistent with ustekinumab therapy in other diseases. The results of this study support further development of ustekinumab as a novel treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus. FUNDING Janssen Research & Development, LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald F van Vollenhoven
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Free University (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Bevra H Hahn
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George C Tsokos
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Peter Lipsky
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Zahi Touma
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria P Werth
- Univeristy of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Bei Zhou
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin Hsu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Marc Chevrier
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Shawn Rose
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
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11
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Sciascia S, Radin M, Roccatello D, Sanna G, Bertolaccini ML. Recent advances in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus. F1000Res 2018; 7:F1000 Faculty Rev-970. [PMID: 30026918 PMCID: PMC6039948 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13941.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease presenting highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations and multi-systemic involvement. Patients are susceptible to relapse- and remission, thus making management challenging. Moreover, a considerable number of side effects may occur with conventional therapies; therefore, there is clearly a need for new therapeutic strategies. Since the pathogenesis of SLE is highly complex, it is far from being fully understood. However, greater understanding of the pathways and of the cellular and molecular mediators involved in SLE is being achieved. Emerging evidence has allowed the development of new biological therapeutic options targeting crucial molecular mediators involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. This literature review analyzes the availability of biological and target-directed treatments, phase II and III trials, and new therapies that are being developed for the treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savino Sciascia
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Valle d’Aosta Network for Rare Diseases, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, and SCDU Nephrology and Dialysis, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Radin
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Valle d’Aosta Network for Rare Diseases, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, and SCDU Nephrology and Dialysis, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Roccatello
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Valle d’Aosta Network for Rare Diseases, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, and SCDU Nephrology and Dialysis, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sanna
- Louise Coote Lupus Unit, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Maria Laura Bertolaccini
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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12
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Seliga A, Lee MH, Fernandes NC, Zuluaga-Ramirez V, Didukh M, Persidsky Y, Potula R, Gallucci S, Sriram U. Kallikrein-Kinin System Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses: A Novel Pathway of Interferon Regulation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:156. [PMID: 29456540 PMCID: PMC5801412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kallikrein–Kinin System (KKS), comprised of kallikreins (klks), bradykinins (BKs) angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and many other molecules, regulates a number of physiological processes, including inflammation, coagulation, angiogenesis, and control of blood pressure. In this report, we show that KKS regulates Type I IFN responses, thought to be important in lupus pathogenesis. We used CpG (TLR9 ligand), R848 (TLR7 ligand), or recombinant IFN-α to induce interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and proteins, and observed that this response was markedly diminished by BKs, klk1 (tissue kallikrein), or captopril (an ACE inhibitor). BKs significantly decreased the ISGs induced by TLRs in vitro and in vivo (in normal and lupus-prone mice), and in human PBMCs, especially the induction of Irf7 gene (p < 0.05), the master regulator of Type I IFNs. ISGs induced by IFN-α were also suppressed by the KKS. MHC Class I upregulation, a classic response to Type I IFNs, was reduced by BKs in murine dendritic cells (DCs). BKs decreased phosphorylation of STAT2 molecules that mediate IFN signaling. Among the secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines analyzed (IL-6, IL12p70, and CXCL10), the strongest suppressive effect was on CXCL10, a highly Type I IFN-dependent cytokine, upon CpG stimulation, both in normal and lupus-prone DCs. klks that break down into BKs, also suppressed CpG-induced ISGs in murine DCs. Captopril, a drug that inhibits ACE and increases BK, suppressed ISGs, both in mouse DCs and human PBMCs. The effects of BK were reversed with indomethacin (compound that inhibits production of PGE2), suggesting that BK suppression of IFN responses may be mediated via prostaglandins. These results highlight a novel regulatory mechanism in which members of the KKS control the Type I IFN response and suggest a role for modulators of IFNs in the pathogenesis of lupus and interferonopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alecia Seliga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael Hweemoon Lee
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicole C Fernandes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Viviana Zuluaga-Ramirez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marta Didukh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yuri Persidsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Raghava Potula
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stefania Gallucci
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Uma Sriram
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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13
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Davison LM, Jorgensen TN. New Treatments for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus on the Horizon: Targeting Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells to Inhibit Cytokine Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 8. [PMID: 29430334 PMCID: PMC5804747 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often have elevated levels of type I interferon (IFN, particularly IFNα), a cytokine that can drive many of the symptoms associated with this autoimmune disorder. Additionally, the presence of autoantibody-secreting plasma cells contributes to the systemic inflammation observed in SLE and IFNα supports the survival of these cells. Current therapies for SLE are limited to broad immunosuppression or B cell-targeting antibody-mediated depletion strategies, which do not eliminate autoantibody-secreting plasma cells. Recent clinical trials testing the efficacy of IFNα neutralization in SLE have delivered disappointing results, with primary endpoints not being met or with minimal improvements, while studies evaluating antibody therapy targeting the type I IFN receptor was more successful and is currently being tested in phase III clinical studies. As many studies have supported the idea that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the main source of IFNα in SLE, specifically targeting pDCs in SLE represents a new therapeutic option. Murine models suggest pDC ablation effectively ameliorates or reduces lupus-like disease development in spontaneous models of lupus and pre-clinical and phase I clinical trials support the safety of such a therapy in humans. Here we review animal studies and the current status of clinical trials targeting IFNα, type I interferon receptor and pDCs in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Davison
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Trine N Jorgensen
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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14
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Lin YC, Huang HH, Nong BR, Liu PY, Chen YY, Huang YF, Chiou YH, Lee HS. Pediatric Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: A clinicopathologic study and the therapeutic effects of hydroxychloroquine. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2017; 52:395-401. [PMID: 29050748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the clinical features of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) in children, and place an emphasis on the therapeutic effects of hydroxychloroquine as monotherapy. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all children diagnosed with KFD during the period January 1992 to September 2016 at a tertiary medical center in Taiwan. RESULTS 40 patients were histopathologically confirmed as KFD, and the mean age of the patients was 13.9 ± 3.1 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1. The lymph node involvements were often cervical (95%) with features of unilateral predisposition (75%), polyadenopathy (84.4%) and tenderness (56.3%). Fever, cough, rhinorrhea, and tonsillitis were other common presentations. Laboratory findings included leukopenia (56.5%), monocytosis (63.6%), with positive results of EB-VCA IgG (88.9%), EB-VCA IgM (22.2%), EBEA IgG (22.2%) and EBNA IgG (88.9%). The univariate analyses of prolonged fever with lymphopenia, monocytosis, thrombocytopenia and necrotizing type in histopathology were disclosed as statistically significant (P < 0.05). Corticosteroids and hydroxychloroquine were administered in 15.6% of patients respectively, along with symptomatic treatments for the rest. Recurrence occurred in 13.0% of patients without corticosteroids or hydroxychloroquine treatment. There were neither recurrences nor relevant major adverse effects in all the five KFD cases treated with hydroxychloroquine. CONCLUSION KFD should be suspected in children with febrile cervical lymphadenopathy, especially when concomitant with leukopenia and monocytosis. Lymphopenia, monocytosis, thrombocytopenia and necrotizing type in histopathology are reliable predictors for prolonged fever. Hydroxychloroquine may be an alternative choice to corticosteroids for its favorable effects and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu-Hui Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Ren Nong
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yao Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Feng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yee-Hsuan Chiou
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Herng-Sheng Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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15
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Buie JJ, Renaud LL, Muise-Helmericks R, Oates JC. IFN-α Negatively Regulates the Expression of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nitric Oxide Production: Implications for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 199:1979-1988. [PMID: 28779021 PMCID: PMC5587385 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a known risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. Murine and human lupus studies revealed a role for IFN-α in vascular abnormalities associated with impaired blood vessel dilation. However, the impact of IFN-α on mediators that induce vasodilation and modulate inflammation, including endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and NO bioavailability, are unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine how IFN-α promotes endothelial dysfunction in SLE, focusing on its regulation of eNOS and NO production in endothelial cells. We demonstrate that IFN-α promotes an endothelial dysfunction signature in HUVECs that is characterized by transcription suppression and mRNA instability of eNOS complemented by upregulation of MCP1 and VCAM1 These changes are associated with IFN-inducible gene expression. IFN-α impairs insulin-mediated NO production, and altered gene expression resulted from eNOS instability, possibly due to enhanced miR-155 expression. IFN-α significantly impaired NO production in insulin-stimulated HUVECs. IFN-α treatment also led to enhanced neutrophil adhesion. Our study introduces a novel pathway by which IFN-α serves as a proatherogenic mediator through repression of eNOS-dependent pathways. This could promote the development of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Jones Buie
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Ludivine L Renaud
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Robin Muise-Helmericks
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; and
| | - Jim C Oates
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425;
- Medical Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401
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16
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Follicular Dendritic Cell Activation by TLR Ligands Promotes Autoreactive B Cell Responses. Immunity 2017; 46:106-119. [PMID: 28099860 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of autoimmunity in murine models of lupus is the formation of germinal centers (GCs) in lymphoid tissues where self-reactive B cells expand and differentiate. In the host response to foreign antigens, follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) maintain GCs through the uptake and cycling of complement-opsonized immune complexes. Here, we examined whether FDCs retain self-antigens and the impact of this process in autoantibody secretion in lupus. We found that FDCs took up and retained self-immune complexes composed of ribonucleotide proteins, autoantibody, and complement. This uptake, mediated through CD21, triggered endosomal TLR7 and led to the secretion of interferon (IFN) α via an IRF5-dependent pathway. Blocking of FDC secretion of IFN-α restored B cell tolerance and reduced the amount of GCs and pathogenic autoantibody. Thus, FDCs are a critical source of the IFN-α driving autoimmunity in this lupus model. This pathway is conserved in humans, suggesting that it may be a viable therapeutic target in systemic lupus erythematosus.
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17
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Abrahams VM, Chamley LW, Salmon JE. Emerging Treatment Models in Rheumatology: Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Pregnancy: Pathogenesis to Translation. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:1710-1721. [PMID: 28445926 DOI: 10.1002/art.40136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jane E Salmon
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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18
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You M, Dong G, Li F, Ma F, Ren J, Xu Y, Yue H, Tang R, Ren D, Hou Y. Ligation of CD180 inhibits IFN-α signaling in a Lyn-PI3K-BTK-dependent manner in B cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:192-202. [PMID: 26277892 PMCID: PMC5301152 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the consistent production of various auto-antibodies by auto-reactive B cells. Interferon-α (IFN-α) signaling is highly activated in SLE B cells and plays a vital role in the antibody response by B cells. Previous studies have shown that CD180-negative B cells, which are dramatically increased in SLE patients, are responsible for the production of auto-antibodies. However, the association between CD180 and IFN-α signaling remains unknown. In the present study, we explored the effect of CD180 on regulating the activation of IFN-α signaling in B cells. We found that the number of CD180-negative B cells was increased in MRL/Mp-Fas(lpr/lpr) lupus-prone mice compared with wild-type mice. Phenotypic analysis showed that CD180-negative B cells comprised CD138+ plasmablast/plasma cells and GL-7+ germinal center (GC) B cells. Notably, ligation of CD180 significantly inhibited the IFN-α-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT-2) and expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in a Lyn-PI3K-BTK-dependent manner in vitro. Moreover, ligation of CD180 could also inhibit IFN-α-induced ISG expression in B cells in vivo. Furthermore, the Toll-like receptor 7 and Toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathways could significantly downregulate CD180 expression and modulate the inhibitory effect of CD180 signaling on the activation of IFN-α signaling. Collectively, our results highlight the close association between the increased proportion of CD180-negative B cells and the activation of IFN-α signaling in SLE. Our data provide molecular insight into the mechanism of IFN-α signaling activation in SLE B cells and a potential therapeutic approach for SLE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming You
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Dong
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanlin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiya Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Yue
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijing Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Deshan Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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19
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Murira A, Lamarre A. Type-I Interferon Responses: From Friend to Foe in the Battle against Chronic Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2016; 7:609. [PMID: 28066419 PMCID: PMC5165262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) have long been heralded as key contributors to effective antiviral responses. More widely understood in the context of acute viral infection, the role of this pleiotropic cytokine has been characterized as triggering antiviral states in cells and potentiating adaptive immune responses. Upon induction in the innate immune response, IFN-I triggers the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), which upregulate the effector function of immune cells (e.g., dendritic cells, B cells, and T cells) toward successful resolution of infections. However, emerging lines of evidence reveal that viral persistence in the course of chronic infections could be driven by deleterious immunomodulatory effects upon sustained IFN-I expression. In this setting, elevation of IFN-I and ISGs is directly correlated to viral persistence and elevated viral loads. It is important to note that the correlation among IFN-I expression, ISGs, and viral persistence may be a cause or effect of chronic infection and this is an important distinction to make toward establishing the dichotomous nature of IFN-I responses. The aim of this mini review is to (i) summarize the interaction between IFN-I and downstream effector responses and therefore (ii) delineate the function of this cytokine on positive and negative immunoregulation in chronic infection. This is a significant consideration given the current therapeutic administration of IFN-I in chronic viral infections whose therapeutic significance is projected to continue despite emergence of increasingly efficacious antiviral regimens. Furthermore, elucidation of the interplay between virus and the antiviral response in the context of IFN-I will elucidate avenues toward more effective therapeutic and prophylactic measures against chronic viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armstrong Murira
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval, QC , Canada
| | - Alain Lamarre
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval, QC , Canada
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20
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Radin M, Cecchi I, Schreiber K, Baldovino S, Rossi D, Menegatti E, Roccatello D, Sciascia S. Immunotherapies in phase II and III trials for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1257937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Radin
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Valle d’Aosta Network for Rare Diseases, Department of Rare, Immunologic, Hematologic and Immunohematologic Diseases, and SCDU Nephrology and Dialysis, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital
| | - Irene Cecchi
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Valle d’Aosta Network for Rare Diseases, Department of Rare, Immunologic, Hematologic and Immunohematologic Diseases, and SCDU Nephrology and Dialysis, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital
| | - Karen Schreiber
- Department of Thrombosis and Thrombophilia, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simone Baldovino
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Valle d’Aosta Network for Rare Diseases, Department of Rare, Immunologic, Hematologic and Immunohematologic Diseases, and SCDU Nephrology and Dialysis, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Valle d’Aosta Network for Rare Diseases, Department of Rare, Immunologic, Hematologic and Immunohematologic Diseases, and SCDU Nephrology and Dialysis, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital
| | - Elisa Menegatti
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Valle d’Aosta Network for Rare Diseases, Department of Rare, Immunologic, Hematologic and Immunohematologic Diseases, and SCDU Nephrology and Dialysis, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital
| | - Dario Roccatello
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Valle d’Aosta Network for Rare Diseases, Department of Rare, Immunologic, Hematologic and Immunohematologic Diseases, and SCDU Nephrology and Dialysis, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital
| | - Savino Sciascia
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Valle d’Aosta Network for Rare Diseases, Department of Rare, Immunologic, Hematologic and Immunohematologic Diseases, and SCDU Nephrology and Dialysis, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital
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21
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Panda SK, Kolbeck R, Sanjuan MA. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 44:20-25. [PMID: 27855321 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) is a unique cell population that produces large amounts of type I interferon upon recognition of nucleic acids placing them at the crossroad of both innate and adaptive immunity. Their ability to produce interferon makes them central to anti-viral responses. They are also responsive to circulating autoantibodies bound to nuclear antigens and in that scenario the release of interferons initiate self-directed immune responses. There are now a growing number of autoimmune disorders where unabated activation of pDC is suspected to be pathogenic. Here, we discuss the different mechanisms responsible for breaking tolerance to self-nucleic acids by pDC, including the novel role of IgE autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. We also summarized the recent progress on therapies undergoing clinical testing that target either pDC or type I interferons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Panda
- Dept of Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Roland Kolbeck
- Dept of Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Miguel A Sanjuan
- Dept of Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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22
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Ottenlinger FM, Mayer CA, Ferreirós N, Schreiber Y, Schwiebs A, Schmidt KG, Ackermann H, Pfeilschifter JM, Radeke HH. Interferon-Beta Increases Plasma Ceramides of Specific Chain Length in Multiple Sclerosis Patients, Unlike Fingolimod or Natalizumab. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:412. [PMID: 27857690 PMCID: PMC5093125 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingolimod is used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and targets receptors for the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Whether fingolimod or other MS therapies conversely affect plasma concentrations of sphingolipids has, however, not yet been analyzed. Herein, we quantified 15 representative sphingolipid species by mass spectrometry in plasma from relapsing-remitting MS patients currently under fingolimod (n = 24), natalizumab (n = 16), or IFN-β (n = 18) treatment. Healthy controls (n = 21) and untreated MS patients (n = 11) served as control groups. IFN-ß treatment strongly increased plasma level of C16:0, C18:0, C20:0, and C24:1 ceramides compared to healthy controls, untreated patients, or patients receiving fingolimod or natalizumab medication. Natalizumab treatment increased plasma concentrations of both S1P and sphinganine-1-phosphate, whereas fingolimod treatment did not affect any of these lipids. Correlations of sphingolipids with the Expanded Disability Status Scale and other disease specific parameters revealed no systemic change of sphingolipids in MS, independent of the respective treatment regime. These results indicate type I interferon treatment to cause a strong and specific increase in ceramide level. If confirmed in larger cohorts, these data have implications for the efficacy and adverse effects of IFN-β. Moreover, quantification of ceramides soon after therapy initiation may help to identify therapy-responsive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Ottenlinger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph A Mayer
- Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nerea Ferreirós
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group TMP, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Schwiebs
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin G Schmidt
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hanns Ackermann
- Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josef M Pfeilschifter
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heinfried H Radeke
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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23
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Yan B, Huang J, Zhang C, Hu X, Gao M, Shi A, Zha W, Shi L, Huang C, Yang L. Serum metabolomic profiling in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus by GC/MS. Mod Rheumatol 2016; 26:914-922. [PMID: 26915395 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2016.1158895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China, and
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China, and
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China, and
| | - Aixin Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Weibin Zha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Luyi Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Cibo Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China, and
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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24
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Sanjuan MA, Sagar D, Kolbeck R. Role of IgE in autoimmunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:1651-1661. [PMID: 27264000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence to suggest that IgE plays a significant role in autoimmunity. The presence of circulating self-reactive IgE in patients with autoimmune disorders has been long known but, at the same time, largely understudied. However, studies have shown that the increased IgE concentration is not associated with higher prevalence for atopy and allergy in patients with autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus. IgE-mediated mechanisms are conventionally known to facilitate degranulation of mast cells and basophils and promote TH2 immunity, mechanisms that are not only central to mounting an appropriate defense against parasitic worms, noxious substances, toxins, venoms, and environmental irritants but that also trigger exuberant allergic reactions in patients with allergies. More recently, IgE autoantibodies have been recognized to participate in the self-inflicted damaging immune responses that characterize autoimmunity. Such autoimmune responses include direct damage on tissue-containing autoantigens, activation and migration of basophils to lymph nodes, and, as observed most recently, induction of type 1 interferon responses from plasmacytoid dendritic cells. The importance of IgE as a central pathogenic mechanism in autoimmunity has now been clinically validated by the approval of omalizumab, an anti-IgE mAb, for patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria and for the clinical benefit of patients with bullous pemphigoid. In this review we summarize recent reports describing the prevalence of self-reactive IgE and discuss novel findings that incriminate IgE as central in the pathogenesis of inflammatory autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Sanjuan
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity Department, Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Md.
| | - Divya Sagar
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity Department, Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Md
| | - Roland Kolbeck
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity Department, Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Md
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Qu B, Cao J, Zhang F, Cui H, Teng J, Li J, Liu Z, Morehouse C, Jallal B, Tang Y, Guo Q, Yao Y, Shen N. Type I Interferon Inhibition of MicroRNA-146a Maturation Through Up-Regulation of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-Induced Protein 1 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 67:3209-18. [PMID: 26315540 DOI: 10.1002/art.39398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by the uncontrolled production of inflammatory cytokines, among which type I interferon (IFN) is recognized as a crucial pathogenic factor. The expression of microRNA-146a (miR-146a) is reduced in the white blood cells of SLE patients and accounts for their overactivated inflammatory responses. However, the mechanism of the reduction of miR-146a is still not fully understood. This study was undertaken to test whether the key pathogenic cytokine, type I IFN, is responsible for the dysregulation of miR-146a in SLE. METHODS Gene and protein expression was measured in all cells by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Northern blotting, or Western blotting. In THP-1 cells, expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein 1 (MCPIP-1) was knocked down with a lentivirus encoding a short hairpin RNA targeting MCPIP1. The cells were pretreated with type I IFN and assessed for gene expression levels of miR-146a. White blood cells from patients with SLE were analyzed for the expression of the IFN-inducible genes MCPIP1 and miR-146a, and the gene expression data were compared for correlation. RESULTS Pretreatment of THP-1 cells with type I IFN attenuated the induction of miR-146a posttranscriptionally, by down-regulating the expression of pre-miR-146a but not pri-miR-146a or its original unspliced transcript. Expression of MCPIP-1, which was enhanced by type I IFN, was found to be responsible for the inhibition of miR-146a. In white blood cells from patients with SLE, MCPIP1 expression was elevated, and its expression correlated positively with the IFN score and negatively with the miR-146a transcript level. CONCLUSION Type I IFN inhibits the maturation of miR-146a through the up-regulation of MCPIP-1, and thus contributes to the uncontrolled inflammation and excessive inflammatory gene expression in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qu
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences of Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianchang Cao
- Institute of Health Sciences of Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences of Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Cui
- Renji Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Teng
- Renji Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Li
- Renji Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | - Yuanjia Tang
- Renji Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Renji Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Nan Shen
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences of Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China, and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Zhang H, Chambers W, Sciascia S, Cuadrado MJ. Emerging therapies in systemic lupus erythematous: from clinical trial to the real life. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2016; 9:681-94. [DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2016.1155446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chauhan AK, Moore TL, Bi Y, Chen C. FcγRIIIa-Syk Co-signal Modulates CD4+ T-cell Response and Up-regulates Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Expression. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1368-86. [PMID: 26582197 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.684795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4(+) T-cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients show altered T-cell receptor signaling, which utilizes Fc-receptor γ-chain FcRγ-Syk. A role for FcγRIIIa activation from immune complex (IC) ligation and sublytic terminal complement complex (C5b-9) in CD4(+) T-cell responses is not investigated. In this study, we show that the ICs present in SLE patients by ligating to FcγRIIIa on CD4(+) T-cells phosphorylate Syk and provide a co-stimulatory signal to CD4(+) T-cells in the absence of CD28 signal. This led to the development of pathogenic IL-17A(+) and IFN-γ(high) CD4(+) T-cells in vitro. Cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β1, and IL-23 were the only requirement for the development of both populations. SLE patients CD4(+) T-cells that expressed CD25, CD69, and CD98 bound to ICs showed pSyk and produced IFN-γ and IL-17A. This FcγRIIIa-mediated co-signal differentially up-regulated the expression of IFN pathway genes compared with CD28 co-signal. FcγRIIIa-pSyk up-regulated several toll-like receptor genes as well as the HMGB1 and MyD88 gene transcripts. ICs co-localized with these toll-like receptor pathway proteins. These results suggest a role for the FcγRIIIa-pSyk signal in modulating adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Chauhan
- From the Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Terry L Moore
- From the Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Ye Bi
- From the Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Chen Chen
- From the Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
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Lasfar A, Zloza A, Cohen-Solal KA. IFN-lambda therapy: current status and future perspectives. Drug Discov Today 2015; 21:167-171. [PMID: 26552337 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-lambda (IFN-λ), the most recently described type III IFN, plays a crucial part by acting on specific cell types, controlling viral infections and establishing robust innate immunity against cancer. In contrast to IFN-α or IFN-γ, IFN-λ has a restricted cell response pattern, which could make this new IFN a better choice for disease targeting and reducing adverse events. Although IFN-λ is considered to have pivotal roles in cancer, viral infections and autoimmune diseases, clinical trials have only been conducted for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. In this review, we discuss the current and the potential clinical applications of IFN-λ in the context of current IFN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lasfar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Andrew Zloza
- Section of Surgical Oncology Research, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Karine A Cohen-Solal
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Fürnrohr BG, Rhodes B, Munoz LE, Weiß K, Vyse TJ, Schett G. Osteoclast Differentiation Is Impaired in a Subgroup of SLE Patients and Correlates Inversely with Mycophenolate Mofetil Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18825-35. [PMID: 26274951 PMCID: PMC4581274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis can arise in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients secondary to medication and/or chronic inflammation. To analyze if patients with SLE have phenotypically-impaired osteoclastogenesis, we differentiated ex vivo monocytes from 72 SLE patients and 15 healthy individuals into osteoclasts followed by TRAP staining and counting. We identified a subgroup of SLE patients (45%) with a significantly impaired osteoclast differentiation, relative to the other SLE patients or healthy individuals (OR 11.2; 95% CI 1.4–89.9). A review of medication indicated that patients with osteoclast counts equal to healthy donors were significantly more likely to be treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) compared to patients with impaired osteoclastogenesis. We analyzed expression of RANKL and the MMF target genes IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 in osteoclasts by qPCR, but detected no difference. Since MMF might influence interferon-α (IFNα) and -γ (IFNγ) we measured serum IFNα and IFNγ levels. Patients with very low osteoclast counts also had comparably higher IFNα serum levels than patients with normal osteoclast counts. We conclude that in vitro osteoclastogenesis is impaired in a subgroup of SLE patients. This correlates inversely with MMF treatment and high IFNα serum levels. Further observational study will be required to determine whether this translates into a clinically meaningful effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara G Fürnrohr
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, Ulmenweg 18, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology and Division of Biological Chemistry, Innrain 80/IV, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Benjamin Rhodes
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS foundation trust, Edgbaston, B15 2GW Birmingham, UK.
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, SE1 9RT London, UK.
| | - Luis E Munoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, Ulmenweg 18, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Katrin Weiß
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, Ulmenweg 18, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Division of Molecular Immunology of the Department of Internal Medicine 3, Ulmenweg 18, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Tim J Vyse
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, SE1 9RT London, UK.
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, Ulmenweg 18, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Andrade D, Kim M, Blanco LP, Karumanchi SA, Koo GC, Redecha P, Kirou K, Alvarez AM, Mulla MJ, Crow MK, Abrahams VM, Kaplan MJ, Salmon JE. Interferon-α and angiogenic dysregulation in pregnant lupus patients who develop preeclampsia. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:977-87. [PMID: 25603823 DOI: 10.1002/art.39029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether an elevated interferon-α (IFNα) level early in pregnancy is associated with poor pregnancy outcomes and to examine the relationship of an elevated IFNα level to angiogenic imbalance. METHODS Women were enrolled in a longitudinal case-control study of pregnant patients with lupus. Serum samples obtained monthly throughout pregnancy were assayed for IFNα and for the antiangiogenic factor soluble Flt-1 and the proangiogenic factor placenta growth factor (PlGF). Each of 28 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with a poor pregnancy outcome was matched to an SLE patient with an uncomplicated pregnancy and to a pregnant healthy control. The effects of IFNα and/or soluble Flt-1 on human endothelial cells and endothelial cell-trophoblast interactions were assessed. RESULTS Compared to SLE patients with uncomplicated pregnancies, patients with preeclampsia had increased IFNα levels before clinical symptoms. Patients without autoimmune disease who developed preeclampsia did not have increased IFNα levels. In SLE patients with low IFNα levels, marked angiogenic imbalance (higher soluble Flt-1, lower PlGF, and higher soluble Flt-1:PlGF ratios) preceded maternal manifestations of preeclampsia, whereas in SLE patients with high IFNα levels, preeclampsia occurred without evidence of systemic angiogenic imbalance. Treatment of human endothelial cells with soluble Flt-1 induced expression of sFLT1 messenger RNA, and IFNα dramatically amplified responses to soluble Flt-1. In a model of spiral artery transformation, only the combination of IFNα and soluble Flt-1 disrupted the ability of trophoblast cells to remodel endothelial tube structures. CONCLUSION Our findings identify a new mechanism by which IFNα induces an antiangiogenic milieu and increases the sensitivity of endothelial cells to soluble Flt-1, and suggest that elevated IFNα levels may contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia in some pregnant patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danieli Andrade
- Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Pawaria S, Ramani K, Maers K, Liu Y, Kane LP, Levesque MC, Biswas PS. Complement Component C5a Permits the Coexistence of Pathogenic Th17 Cells and Type I IFN in Lupus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3288-95. [PMID: 25149466 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Olferiev M, Lliguicota M, Kirou KA, Crow MK. Measuring interferon alpha and other cytokines in SLE. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1134:131-150. [PMID: 24497359 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0326-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The progression of disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is affected by production, accumulation, and actions of cytokines. Type I interferon (IFN), specifically IFN-α, is recognized as a central mediator of disease pathogenesis in SLE. We describe a functional assay to measure type I IFN activity in SLE plasma and have also measured the response of peripheral blood cells to that cytokine family. This method can be scaled to assess IFN functional activity, as well as activity and cellular response to other cytokines, in relation to cellular and serologic parameters relevant to SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Olferiev
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
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Li SW, He Y, Zheng ZH, Liu DW, Liu ZS. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms ofIRF8gene are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in Chinese Han population. Int J Immunogenet 2013; 41:112-8. [PMID: 24034601 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S.-W. Li
- Department of Nephrology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Y. He
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics; Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Z.-H. Zheng
- Department of Nephrology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - D.-W. Liu
- Department of Nephrology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Z.-S. Liu
- Department of Nephrology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
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Maria NI, Brkic Z, Waris M, van Helden-Meeuwsen CG, Heezen K, van de Merwe JP, van Daele PL, Dalm VASH, Drexhage HA, Versnel MA. MxA as a clinically applicable biomarker for identifying systemic interferon type I in primary Sjogren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 73:1052-9. [PMID: 23831963 PMCID: PMC4033122 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective To establish an easy and practical assay for identifying systemic interferon (IFN) type I bioactivity in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The IFN type I signature is present in over half of the pSS patients and identifies a subgroup with a higher disease activity. This signature is currently assessed via laborious expression profiles of multiple IFN type I-inducible genes. Methods In a cohort of 35 pSS patients, myxovirus-resistance protein A (MxA) was assessed as a potential biomarker for type I IFN activity, using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) on whole-blood and flow cytometric analyses (fluorescence-activated cell sorting, FACS) of isolated CD14 monocytes. In addition, potential biomarkers such as CD64, CD169 and B cell-activating factor (BAFF) were simultaneously analysed in CD14 monocytes using FACS. The IFNscore, a measure for total type I IFN bioactivity, was calculated using expression values of the IFN type I signature genes—IFI44, IFI44L, IFIT3, LY6E and MX1—in CD14 monocytes, determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Results IFNscores correlated the strongest with monocyte MxA protein (r=0.741, p<0.001) and whole-blood MxA levels (r=0.764, p<0.001), weaker with CD169 (r=0.495, p<0.001) and CD64 (r=0.436, p=0.007), and not at all with BAFF protein. In particular, whole blood MxA levels correlated with EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index scores and numerous clinical pSS parameters. Interestingly, patients on hydroxychloroquine showed reduced MxA levels (EIA, p=0.04; FACS p=0.001). Conclusions The MxA assays were excellent tools to assess IFN type I activity in pSS, MxA-EIA being the most practical. MxA levels associate with features of active disease and are reduced in hydroxychloroquine-treated patients, suggesting the clinical applicability of MxA in stratifying patients according to IFN positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi I Maria
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, , Rotterdam, Zuid-holland, The Netherlands
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35
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2013; 25:398-409. [DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e3283604218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Pharmacogenomics and translational simulations to bridge indications for an anti-interferon-α receptor antibody. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 93:483-92. [PMID: 23511714 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2013.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A type I interferon (IFN) gene signature shared by systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) was used to evaluate an anti-type I IFN-α receptor (IFN-αR) monoclonal antibody, MEDI-546, in a phase I trial in SSc. MEDI-546 suppressed IFN signature in blood and skin of SSc patients in a dose-dependent manner. To bridge clinical indications to SLE, we developed a model incorporating (i) pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) in SSc patients, (ii) internalization kinetics of MEDI-546/IFN-αR complex, and (iii) the different IFN signatures between SSc and SLE. Simulations predicted that i.v. administration of MEDI-546 at 300- or 1,000-mg monthly doses could suppress IFN signature in blood to levels of healthy subjects in 53 and 68% of SLE patients, respectively. An innovative approach utilizing a novel biomarker characterized the PD of MEDI-546 by modeling and simulation and allowed rapid progression of MEDI-546 from a phase I study in SSc to a randomized, multiple-dose phase II trial.
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Thacker SG, Zhao W, Smith CK, Luo W, Wang H, Vivekanandan-Giri A, Rabquer BJ, Koch AE, Pennathur S, Davidson A, Eitzman DT, Kaplan MJ. Type I interferons modulate vascular function, repair, thrombosis, and plaque progression in murine models of lupus and atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:2975-85. [PMID: 22549550 DOI: 10.1002/art.34504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a notable increase in atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is not explained by the Framingham risk equation. In vitro studies indicate that type I interferons (IFNs) may play prominent roles in increased CV risk in SLE. However, the in vivo relevance of these findings, with regard to the development of CVD, has not been characterized. This study was undertaken to examine the role of type I IFNs in endothelial dysfunction, aberrant vascular repair, and atherothrombosis in murine models of lupus and atherosclerosis. METHODS Lupus-prone New Zealand mixed 2328 (NZM) mice and atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E- knockout (apoE(-/-) ) mice were compared to mice lacking type I IFN receptor (INZM and apoE(-/-) IFNAR(-/-) mice, respectively) with regard to endothelial vasodilatory function, endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) function, in vivo neoangiogenesis, plaque development, and occlusive thrombosis. Similar experiments were performed using NZM and apoE(-/-) mice exposed to an IFNα-containing or empty adenovirus. RESULTS Loss of type I IFN receptor signaling improved endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, lipoprotein parameters, EPC numbers and function, and neoangiogenesis in lupus-prone mice, independent of disease activity or sex. Further, acute exposure to IFNα impaired endothelial vasorelaxation and EPC function in lupus-prone and non-lupus-prone mice. Decreased atherosclerosis severity and arterial inflammatory infiltrates and increased neoangiogenesis were observed in apoE(-/-) IFNAR(-/-) mice, compared to apoE(-/-) mice, while NZM and apoE(-/-) mice exposed to IFNα developed accelerated thrombosis and platelet activation. CONCLUSION These results support the hypothesis that type I IFNs play key roles in the development of premature CVD in SLE and, potentially, in the general population, through pleiotropic deleterious effects on the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth G Thacker
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Popescu A, Kao AH. Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Neuropharmacol 2012; 9:449-57. [PMID: 22379459 PMCID: PMC3151599 DOI: 10.2174/157015911796557984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is the least understood, yet perhaps the most prevalent manifestation of lupus. The pathogenesis of NPSLE is multifactorial and involves various inflammatory cytokines, autoantibodies, and immune complexes resulting in vasculopathic, cytotoxic and autoantibody-mediated neuronal injury. The management of NPSLE is multimodal and has not been subjected to rigorous study. Different treatment regimens include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticoagulation, and immunosuppressives such as cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and methotrexate. For refractory NPSLE, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasmapheresis, and rituximab have been used. Adjunctive symptomatic treatment complements these therapies by targeting mood disorders, psychosis, cognitive impairment, seizures or headaches. Several new biological agents are being tested including Belimumab, a human monoclonal antibody that targets B lymphocyte stimulator. This review focuses on the pathophysiology, treatment, and new potential therapies for neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Popescu
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Choubey D. Interferon-inducible Ifi200-family genes as modifiers of lupus susceptibility. Immunol Lett 2012; 147:10-7. [PMID: 22841963 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a complex autoimmune disease. The disease exhibits a strong gender bias and develops predominantly in females. Additionally, most SLE patients exhibit increased serum levels of interferon-α (IFN-α) and the "IFN signature". Studies using the mouse models of lupus have identified several lupus susceptibility loci, including the New Zealand Black (NZB)-derived autoimmunity 2 (Nba2) interval on the chromosome 1. The interval, which is syntenic to the human chromosome 1q region, harbors the FcγR family, SLAM/CD2-family, and the IFN-inducible Ifi200-family genes (encoding for the p200-family proteins). Studies involving the B6.Nba2 congenic mice revealed that the development of antinuclear autoantibodies (ANAs) depends on the age, gender, and activation of type I IFN-signaling. Interestingly, recent studies involving the generation of Nba2 subcongenic mouse lines and generation of mice deficient for the Fcgr2b or Aim2 gene within the interval have provided evidence that epistatic interactions among the Nba2 genes contribute to increased lupus susceptibility. Given that the expression of some of the p200-family proteins is differentially regulated by sex hormones and these proteins differentially regulate cytosolic DNA-induced production of type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18), the major known contributors of SLE-associated inflammation, we discuss the recent advancements in our understanding of the role of p200-family proteins in lupus susceptibility modification. An improved understanding of the role of p200-family proteins in the development of autoimmunity is likely to identify new approaches to treat SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divaker Choubey
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 3223 Eden Avenue, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States.
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Lind K, Hühn MH, Flodström-Tullberg M. Immunology in the clinic review series; focus on type 1 diabetes and viruses: the innate immune response to enteroviruses and its possible role in regulating type 1 diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 168:30-8. [PMID: 22385234 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease arising as a consequence of a misdirected T cell response to the pancreatic beta cell. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the innate immune system as a regulator of disease development. Genome-wide association studies have identified diabetes-associated polymorphisms in genes encoding proteins with functions related to the innate immune response. Moreover, enteroviruses, known to activate a strong innate immune response, have been implicated in the disease pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the innate immune response elicited by enteroviruses and how this response may regulate T1D development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lind
- Department of Medicine HS, The Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Willis R, Seif AM, McGwin G, Martinez-Martinez LA, González EB, Dang N, Papalardo E, Liu J, Vilá LM, Reveille JD, Alarcón GS, Pierangeli SS. Effect of hydroxychloroquine treatment on pro-inflammatory cytokines and disease activity in SLE patients: data from LUMINA (LXXV), a multiethnic US cohort. Lupus 2012; 21:830-5. [PMID: 22343096 DOI: 10.1177/0961203312437270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the effect of hydroxychloroquine therapy on the levels proinflammatory/prothrombotic markers and disease activity scores in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a multiethnic, multi-center cohort (LUMINA). METHODS Plasma/serum samples from SLE patients (n = 35) were evaluated at baseline and after hydroxychloroquine treatment. Disease activity was assessed using SLAM-R scores. Interferon (IFN)-α2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, inducible protein (IP)-10, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) levels were determined by a multiplex immunoassay. Anticardiolipin antibodies were evaluated using ELISA assays. Thirty-two frequency-matched plasma/serum samples from healthy donors were used as controls. RESULTS Levels of IL-6, IP-10, sCD40L, IFN-α and TNF-α were significantly elevated in SLE patients versus controls. There was a positive but moderate correlation between SLAM-R scores at baseline and levels of IFN-α (p = 0.0546). Hydroxychloroquine therapy resulted in a significant decrease in SLAM-R scores (p = 0.0157), and the decrease in SLAM-R after hydroxychloroquine therapy strongly correlated with decreases in IFN-α (p = 0.0087). CONCLUSIONS Hydroxychloroquine therapy resulted in significant clinical improvement in SLE patients, which strongly correlated with reductions in IFN-α levels. This indicates an important role for the inhibition of endogenous TLR activation in the action of hydroxychloroquine in SLE and provides additional evidence for the importance of type I interferons in the pathogenesis of SLE. This study underscores the use of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Willis
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
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Liu YC, Simmons DP, Li X, Abbott DW, Boom WH, Harding CV. TLR2 signaling depletes IRAK1 and inhibits induction of type I IFN by TLR7/9. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:1019-26. [PMID: 22227568 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens may signal through multiple TLRs with synergistic or antagonistic effects on the induction of cytokines, including type I IFN (IFN-I). IFN-I is typically induced by TLR9, but not TLR2. Moreover, we previously reported that TLR2 signaling by Mycobacterium tuberculosis or other TLR2 agonists inhibited TLR9 induction of IFN-I and IFN-I-dependent MHC-I Ag cross processing. The current studies revealed that lipopeptide-induced TLR2 signaling inhibited induction of first-wave IFN-α and IFN-β mRNA by TLR9, whereas induction of second-wave IFN-I mRNA was not inhibited. TLR2 also inhibited induction of IFN-I by TLR7, another MyD88-dependent IFN-I-inducing receptor, but did not inhibit IFN-I induction by TLR3 or TLR4 (both Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-β dependent, MyD88 independent). The inhibitory effect of TLR2 was not dependent on new protein synthesis or intercellular signaling. IL-1R-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) was depleted rapidly (within 10 min) by TLR2 agonist, but not until later (e.g., 2 h) by TLR9 agonist. Because IRAK1 is required for TLR7/9-induced IFN-I production, we propose that TLR2 signaling induces rapid depletion of IRAK1, which impairs IFN-I induction by TLR7/9. This novel mechanism, whereby TLR2 inhibits IFN-I induction by TLR7/9, may shape immune responses to microbes that express ligands for both TLR2 and TLR7/TLR9, or responses to bacteria/virus coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi C Liu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Feng X, Reder NP, Yanamandala M, Hill A, Franek BS, Niewold TB, Reder AT, Javed A. Type I interferon signature is high in lupus and neuromyelitis optica but low in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2011; 313:48-53. [PMID: 22036215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is characterized by selective inflammation of the spinal cord and optic nerves but is distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS). Interferon (IFN)-β mitigates disease activity in MS, but is controversial in NMO, with a few reports of disease worsening after IFN-β therapy in this highly active disease. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), IFNs adversely affect disease activity. This study examines for the first time whether serum IFN-α/β activity and IFN-β-induced responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) are abnormally elevated in NMO, as they are in SLE, but contrast to low levels in MS. METHODS Serum type I IFN-α/β activity was measured by a previously validated bioassay of 3 IFN-stimulated genes (RT-PCR sensitivity, 0.1 U/ml) rather than ELISA, which has lower sensitivity and specificity for measuring serum IFNs. IFN responses in PBMNC were assessed by in vitro IFN-β-induced activation of phospho-tyrosine-STAT1 and phospho-serine-STAT1 transcription factors, and MxA proteins using Western blots. RESULTS Serum IFN-α/β activity was highest in SLE patients, followed by healthy subjects and NMO, but was surprisingly low in therapy-naïve MS. In functional assays in vitro, IFN-β-induced high levels of P-S-STAT1 in NMO and SLE, but not in MS and controls. IFN-β-induced MxA protein levels were elevated in NMO and SLE compared to MS. CONCLUSIONS Serum IFN activity and IFN-β-induced responses in PBMNC are elevated in SLE and NMO patients versus MS. This argues for similarities in pathophysiology between NMO and SLE and provides an explanation for IFN-induced disease worsening in NMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Dall'era M, Chakravarty EF. Treatment of mild, moderate, and severe lupus erythematosus: focus on new therapies. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2011; 13:308-16. [PMID: 21584692 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-011-0186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite large-scale efforts devoted to the conduct of clinical trials in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), no new therapy has been approved for treatment of this disease in more than 50 years. Increased understanding of the immunologic mechanisms underlying SLE has led to the development of a variety of biologic agents that target specific aspects of the adaptive and innate arms of the immune system, including B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, and various cytokines. One of these agents, belimumab, was the subject of two positive phase 3 trials in nonrenal lupus that have given us hope that a new therapy for SLE may be finally within our grasp. In addition to these newer therapies, recent studies of standard-of-care medications such as mycophenolate mofetil and hydroxychloroquine have better defined the efficacy and safety of these agents for the treatment of lupus nephritis and nonrenal lupus. This article provides a discussion of several novel biologic agents at different stages of development for the treatment of SLE, as well as an analysis of newer data on agents that have been used in the treatment of SLE for many years.
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Postal M, Appenzeller S. The role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Cytokine 2011; 56:537-43. [PMID: 21907587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine that produces different stimuli in various physiological and pathological conditions. TNF-α contributes importantly to the development of T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells. However, TNF-α is also a potent inflammatory mediator and apoptosis inducer. The significance of the TNF-α involvement in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains controversial. From the genetic standpoint, a number of studies suggest that the TNF-α gene polymorphism is involved in the susceptibility of SLE. Moreover, there is a close association between the TNF-α gene expression and clinical manifestations. In addition, the increased serum level of TNF-α is observed in SLE patients and associated with disease activity and certain systemic manifestations. Treatment with anti-TNF agents is, however, controversial in SLE since induction of antinuclear antibodies, anti-dsDNA, anticardiolipin antibodies, and cases of drug-induced lupus have been observed in rheumatoid arthritis patients. In this context, this study reviewed the importance of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Postal
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária, Campinas SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
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Regulatory effects of IFN-β on the development of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in B10RIII mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19870. [PMID: 21573074 PMCID: PMC3089639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) serves as a model for human intraocular inflammation. IFN-β has been used in the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases. Earlier studies showed that it ameliorated EAU; however, the mechanisms involved in this inhibition are still largely unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings B10RIII mice were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) peptide 161–180 in Complete Freund's adjuvant. Splenocytes from different time points after immunization were used to evaluate the expression of IFN-β. An increased expression of IFN-β was observed during EAU and its highest expression was observed on day 16, 3 days after the peak of intraocular inflammation. Splenocytes and draining lymph node cells from mice immunized with IRBP161-180 on day 13 and control mice were activated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies or IRBP161-180 to evaluate the production of IFN-γ and IL-17. The results showed that IFN-γ and IL-17 were significantly higher in immunized mice as compared to the control mice when exposed to anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies. However, the production of IFN-γ and IL-17 was detected only in immunized mice, but not in the control mice when stimulated with IRBP161-180. Multiple subcutaneous injections of IFN-β significantly inhibited EAU activity in association with a down-regulated expression of IFN-γ, IL-17 and an enhanced IL-10 production. In an in vitro system using cells from mice, IFN-β suppressed IFN-γ production by CD4+CD62L− T cells, IL-17 production by CD4+CD62L+/- T cells and proliferation of CD4+CD62L+/- T cells. IFN-β inhibited the secretion of IL-6, but promoted the secretion of IL-10 by monocytes. IFN-β-treated monocytes inhibited IL-17 secretion by CD4+CD62L+/- T cells, but did not influence IFN-γ expression and T cell proliferation. Conclusions/Significance IFN-β may exert its inhibitory effect on EAU by inhibiting Th1, Th17 cells and modulating relevant cytokines. IFN-β may provide a potential treatment for diseases mediated by Th1 and Th17 cells.
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Mavragani CP, Crow MK. Activation of the type I interferon pathway in primary Sjogren’s syndrome. J Autoimmun 2010; 35:225-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Crow MK. Type I interferon in organ-targeted autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12 Suppl 1:S5. [PMID: 21303493 PMCID: PMC2991778 DOI: 10.1186/ar2886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant role for IFNα in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus is well supported, and clinical trials of anti-IFNα monoclonal antibodies are in progress in this disease. In other autoimmune diseases characterized by substantial inflammation and tissue destruction, the role of type I interferons is less clear. Gene expression analysis of peripheral blood cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis demonstrate an interferon signature similar to but less intense than that seen in patients with lupus. In both of those diseases, presence of the interferon signature has been associated with more significant clinical manifestations. At the same time, evidence supports an anti-inflammatory and beneficial role of IFNβ locally in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in murine arthritis models, and many patients with multiple sclerosis show a clinical response to recombinant IFNβ. As can also be proposed for type I diabetes mellitus, type I interferon appears to contribute to the development of autoimmunity and disease progression in multiple autoimmune diseases, while maintaining some capacity to control established disease - particularly at local sites of inflammation. Recent studies in both rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis suggest that quantification of type I interferon activity or target gene expression might be informative in predicting responses to distinct classes of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Crow
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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