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Shrivastava AK, Sahu PK, Cecchi T, Shrestha L, Shah SK, Gupta A, Palikhey A, Joshi B, Gupta PP, Upadhyaya J, Paudel M, Koirala N. An emerging natural antioxidant therapy for COVID‐19 infection patients: Current and future directions. FOOD FRONTIERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmacology Universal College of Medical Sciences Bhairahawa Rupandehi Nepal
| | - Prafulla Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmacy Centurion University of Technology and Management Bhubaneswar Odisha India
| | | | - Laxmi Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacology Universal College of Medical Sciences Bhairahawa Rupandehi Nepal
| | - Sanjay Kumar Shah
- Department of Reproductive MedicineJoint Inter‐national Research Laboratory of Reproduction and DevelopmentChongquing Medical University ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Anamika Gupta
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Anjan Palikhey
- Department of Pharmacology Universal College of Medical Sciences Bhairahawa Rupandehi Nepal
| | - Bishal Joshi
- Department of Physiology, Universal College of Medical Sciences Bhairahawa Rupandehi Nepal
| | - Pramodkumar P. Gupta
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics D. Y. Patil Deemed to be University, CBD Belapur Navi Mumbai India
| | - Jitendra Upadhyaya
- Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Tribhuvan University Chitwan Nepal
| | - Mahendra Paudel
- Department of Agri‐Botany and Ecology Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Tribhuvan University Mahendranagar Nepal
| | - Niranjan Koirala
- Natural Products Research FacilityGandaki Province Academy of Science and Technology Pokhara, Gandaki Province Nepal
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2
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Could ozone therapy be used to prevent COVID-19? MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.1121363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Wani TA, Bakheit AH, Zargar S, Alamery S. Mechanistic competitive binding interaction study between olmutinib and colchicine with model transport protein using spectroscopic and computer simulation approaches. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Uddin MS, Millat MS, Baral PK, Ferdous M, Uddin MG, Sarwar MS, Islam MS. The protective role of vitamin C in the management of COVID-19: A Review. JOURNAL OF THE EGYPTIAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION 2021; 96:33. [PMID: 34894332 PMCID: PMC8665316 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-021-00095-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The outbreak of coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) is globally deemed a significant threat to human life. Researchers are searching for prevention strategies, mitigation interventions, and potential therapeutics that may reduce the infection’s severity. One such means that is highly being talked in online and in social media is vitamin C. Main text Vitamin C is a robust antioxidant that boosts the immune system of the human body. It helps in normal neutrophil function, scavenging of oxidative species, regeneration of vitamin E, modulation of signaling pathways, activation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors, activation of the signaling cascade, regulation of inflammatory mediators, and phagocytosis and increases neutrophil motility to the site of infection. All of these immunological functions are required for the prevention of COVID-19 infection. Conclusion Considering the role of vitamin C, it would be imperative to administrate vitamin C for the management of severe COVID-19. However, there is no specific clinical data available to confirm the use of vitamin C in the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sarowar Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science & Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Shalahuddin Millat
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science & Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Prodip Kumar Baral
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science & Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmuda Ferdous
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science & Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Giash Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science & Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science & Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
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5
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Wani TA, Alsaif NA, Alanazi MM, Bakheit AH, Khan AA, Zargar S. Binding of colchicine and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) to bovine serum albumin: An in-vitro interaction study using multispectroscopic, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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6
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Balboa-Castillo T, Andrade-Mayorga O, Marzuca-Nassr GN, Morales Illanes G, Ortiz M, Schiferlli I, Aguilar-Farias N, Soto Á, Sapunar J. Pre-existing conditions in Latin America and factors associated with adverse outcomes of COVID-19: A review. Medwave 2021; 21:e8181. [PMID: 34037583 DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2021.04.8180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, produced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly throughout the world. Latin American and the Caribbean countries have been harshly affected by the pandemic mainly due to less prepared healthcare systems and fragmented social safety nets. In the region, health status population-based indicators are worse than compared to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Recent evidence suggests that the progression and severity of COVID-19 are associated with the prior health status of individuals, and studies have shown that the case fatality rate is highly stratified among different populations. This narrative review aims to describe factors associated with adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in the context of social determinants of health in Latin American and Caribbean countries. In this review, we state that genetic and biological factors interact in a sophisticated way with social determinants of health, impacting the rapid spread of COVID-19 in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Behavioral factors, such as physical inactivity, smoking, and unhealthy diets, are related to chronic systemic inflammation. Also, air pollution can prolong inflammation and the hyper-activation of the immune system. Air pollutants could facilitate the spread of the virus. Finally, frailty and comorbidities can be associated with COVID-19 severity through increasing vulnerability to stressors and leading to more severe symptoms of COVID-19 disease, including a higher mortality risk. All these factors contribute to increasing the impact of COVID-19 in Latin American and Caribbean countries. We highlight the relevance of considering social determinants of health in Latin American and the Caribbean countries, not only in controlling the likelihood of getting the disease but also its progression and severity. All these social determinants can guide the design and implementation of tailored interventions promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors, which should lower the spread of the disease, its severity, and lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Balboa-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiometabólica y Nutricional (EPICYN); Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. . Address: Avenida Alemania 458, Temuco, Chile. Postal code: 4810296. ORCID: 0000-0002-8568-7539
| | - Omar Andrade-Mayorga
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiometabólica y Nutricional (EPICYN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. ORCID: 0000-0003-3359-4100
| | - Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiometabólica y Nutricional (EPICYN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. ORCID: 0000-0002-4835-7821
| | - Gladys Morales Illanes
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiometabólica y Nutricional (EPICYN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. ORCID: 0000-0001-7194-8833
| | - Manuel Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiometabólica y Nutricional (EPICYN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Department of Psychology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. ORCID: 0000-0002-7749-0699
| | - Ingrid Schiferlli
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiometabólica y Nutricional (EPICYN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. ORCID: 0000-0002-1309-4339
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiometabólica y Nutricional (EPICYN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. ORCID: 0000-0002-6974-1312
| | - Álvaro Soto
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiometabólica y Nutricional (EPICYN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. ORCID: 0000-0003-2583-7854
| | - Jorge Sapunar
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiometabólica y Nutricional (EPICYN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. ORCID: 0000-0001-9908-8054
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7
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Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Overview of the Complications and Management. Pharmacol Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.36922/itps.v4i1.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since the first report of COVID-19 emerging in Wuhan, China, authorities in 216 countries and territories have reported about 47.3 million COVID-19 cases and 1.2 million deaths. The WHO guidelines for the management of COVID-19 are very limited to recommendations for managing symptoms and advice on careful management of pediatric patients, pregnant women, and patients with underlying comorbidities. There is no approved treatment for COVID-19 and guidelines vary between countries. In this review, first, a brief overview is provided on the basic knowledge about the virus, clinical features of the disease, and different diagnostic methods. Then, the relationship between COVID-19, various body systems, and other complications is discussed. Finallly, different management strategies are discussed, including those drawn on computational chemistry analyses, pre-clinical investigations, and clinical trials which involve pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. In conclusion, despite the recent approval of different vaccine candidates, more virological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 are required to be explored, which may result in the discovery of more potential therapeutic targets leading to safer and more effective treatment to COVID-19.
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Letelier P, Encina N, Morales P, Riffo A, Silva H, Riquelme I, Guzmán N. Role of biochemical markers in the monitoring of COVID-19 patients. J Med Biochem 2021; 40:115-128. [PMID: 33776561 PMCID: PMC7982290 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-29341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARSCoV-2 virus, which has given rise to a global sanitary emergency. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 are varied and can range from an asymptomatic infection to a mild to severe pneumonia. Recent studies have shown that different laboratory parameters become altered in these patients, and as such are useful as biomarkers to assess the progression of the disease and categorize patients that may present a severe and/or fatal clinical condition. This review analyzes biochemical and immunological markers that become altered in COVID-19 patients and their impact on different organs at a hepatic, cardiac, renal and pancreatic level, as well as markers of inflammation, analyzing their implications in the evolution of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Letelier
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Precision Health Research Laboratory, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nicole Encina
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Precision Health Research Laboratory, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Morales
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Precision Health Research Laboratory, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alejandra Riffo
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Precision Health Research Laboratory, Temuco, Chile
| | - Halett Silva
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Precision Health Research Laboratory, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ismael Riquelme
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Chile
| | - Neftalí Guzmán
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Precision Health Research Laboratory, Temuco, Chile
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9
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Parisi GF, Carota G, Castruccio Castracani C, Spampinato M, Manti S, Papale M, Di Rosa M, Barbagallo I, Leonardi S. Nutraceuticals in the Prevention of Viral Infections, including COVID-19, among the Pediatric Population: A Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2465. [PMID: 33671104 PMCID: PMC7957644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growth in scientific interest in nutraceuticals, which are those nutrients in foods that have beneficial effects on health. Nutraceuticals can be extracted, used for food supplements, or added to foods. There has long been interest in the antiviral properties of nutraceuticals, which are especially topical in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to evaluate the main nutraceuticals to which antiviral roles have been attributed (either by direct action on viruses or by modulating the immune system), with a focus on the pediatric population. Furthermore, the possible applications of these substances against SARS-CoV-2 will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fabio Parisi
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.P.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Carota
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 87 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (M.S.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Carlo Castruccio Castracani
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology Leonard and Madlyn Abramson Pediatric Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Mariarita Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 87 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (M.S.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Sara Manti
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.P.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Maria Papale
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.P.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 87 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (M.S.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.P.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (S.L.)
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10
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Bohlouli J, Moravejolahkami AR, Ganjali Dashti M, Balouch Zehi Z, Hojjati Kermani MA, Borzoo-Isfahani M, Bahreini-Esfahani N. COVID-19 and Fast Foods Consumption: a Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.1873364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Bohlouli
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Food Security Research Centre, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Moravejolahkami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marjan Ganjali Dashti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Zakiyeh Balouch Zehi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Borzoo-Isfahani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nimah Bahreini-Esfahani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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11
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Safety and efficacy of ozone therapy in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients: A phase 1/11 randomized control trial (SEOT study). Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 91:107301. [PMID: 33421928 PMCID: PMC7758022 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The Corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19) has accounted for multiple deaths and economic woes.While the entire medical fraternity and scientists are putting their best feet forward to find a solution to contain this deadly pandemic, there is a growing interest in integrating other known alternative therapies in to standard care. This study is aimed at evaluating the safety and efficacy of ozone therapy (OT), as an adjuvant to the standard of care (SOC). Methods In the current randomized control trial, 60 patients with mild to moderate score NEWS score were included in two parallel groups (n = 30/group). The interventional group (OZ) received ozonized rectal insufflation and minor auto haemotherapy, daily along with SOC, while the control group (ST) received SOC alone. The main outcome measures included changes in clinical features, oxygenation index (SpO2), NEWS score, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), inflammatory markers, requirement of advanced care, and metabolic profiles. Results The OZ group has shown clinically significant improvement in the mean values of all the parameters tested compared to ST Group. However, statistical significance were only observed in RT-PCR negative reaction (P = 0.01), changes in clinical symptoms (P < 0.05) and requirement for Intensive care (P < 0.05). No adverse events were reported in OZ group, as against 2 deaths reported in ST group. Conclusion OT when integrated with SOC can improve the clinical status and rapidly reduce the viral load compared to SOC alone, which facilitate early recovery and check the need for advanced care and mortality as demonstrated in this study.
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12
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Roncero C, Vicente-Hernández B, Casado-Espada NM, Aguilar L, Gamonal-Limcaoco S, Garzón MA, Martínez-González F, Llanes-Álvarez C, Martínez R, Franco-Martín M, Álvarez-Navares A. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Castile and Leon Addiction Treatment Network: A Real-Word Experience. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:575755. [PMID: 33324254 PMCID: PMC7723843 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.575755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients suffering from addiction are a vulnerable group in the midst of COVID-19, so their healthcare is considered essential. In this paper, the measures and responses of the Drug Addiction Assistance Network of Castile and Leon (DAACYL) in Spain during the first 6 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic are explained. The aim is that this experience could be useful in places where this problem will continue and could help future interventions. Methods: A telephone survey was carried out as the main methodology, to collect information for the subsequent organization and repercussion on professionals and patients. This was carried out by the heads of the 18 DAACYL units. Among the interventions applied, the following stand out: implantation of telemedicine techniques, restriction of daily methadone dispensing, suspension of urine controls and initiation of care programs for the homeless. Results: As a result of these interventions, the professionals observed that patients are less demanding and mostly stable, with a low percentage of relapses. An increase in the consumption of alcohol and benzodiazepines have been reported as more common among people who relapse. Furthermore, the prevalence of COVID-19 infection in the sample is minimal; therefore, different hypotheses should be considered as an explanation (infra-diagnosis, immune system used to aggression, possible anti-inflammatory effect of some psychotropic drugs and a greater perception of danger against infection than the general population). Conclusions: The rapid adaptation and successful implementation of DAACYL have had satisfactory results. On the other hand, the prevention of the possible increase in the development of behavioral addictions and the use of homemade drugs should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Roncero
- Psychiatry Service, University of Salamanca Health Care Complex, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Psychiatry Unit, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Begoña Vicente-Hernández
- Addictions and Dual Disorders Unit, Psychiatry Service, Salamanca University Health Care Complex, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nerea M Casado-Espada
- Psychiatry Service, University of Salamanca Health Care Complex, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Psychiatry Unit, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lourdes Aguilar
- Institute of Biomedicine of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Psychiatry Unit, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Addictions and Dual Disorders Unit, Psychiatry Service, Salamanca University Health Care Complex, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - María A Garzón
- Addictions and Dual Disorders Unit, Psychiatry Service, Salamanca University Health Care Complex, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez-González
- Regional Commissioner for Drugs, Social Services Management, Castile and Leon Regional Government, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Ruth Martínez
- Addictions and Dual Disorders Unit, Psychiatry Service, Salamanca University Health Care Complex, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Franco-Martín
- Institute of Biomedicine of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Psychiatry Service, Zamora Health Care Complex, Zamora, Spain.,Psychiatry Service, Rio Hortega University Hospital, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana Álvarez-Navares
- Addictions and Dual Disorders Unit, Psychiatry Service, Salamanca University Health Care Complex, Salamanca, Spain
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