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Blagov AV, Summerhill VI, Sukhorukov VN, Zhigmitova EB, Postnov AY, Orekhov AN. Potential use of antioxidants for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1378335. [PMID: 38818374 PMCID: PMC11137403 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1378335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The excessive production of various reactive oxidant species over endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms leads to the development of a state of oxidative stress, with serious biological consequences. The consequences of oxidative stress depend on the balance between the generation of reactive oxidant species and the antioxidant defense and include oxidative damage of biomolecules, disruption of signal transduction, mutation, and cell apoptosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in the physiopathology of various debilitating illnesses associated with chronic inflammation, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, or neurodegenerative processes, that need continuous pharmacological treatment. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are tightly linked pathophysiological processes, one of which can be simply promoted by another. Although, many antioxidant trials have been unsuccessful (some of the trials showed either no effect or even harmful effects) in human patients as a preventive or curative measure, targeting oxidative stress remains an interesting therapeutic approach for the development of new agents to design novel anti-inflammatory drugs with a reliable safety profile. In this regard, several natural antioxidant compounds were explored as potential therapeutic options for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Several metalloenzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, are among the essential enzymes that maintain the low nanomolar physiological concentrations of superoxide (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the major redox signaling molecules, and thus play important roles in the alteration of the redox homeostasis. These enzymes have become a striking source of motivation to design catalytic drugs to enhance the action of these enzymes under pathological conditions related to chronic inflammation. This review is focused on several major representatives of natural and synthetic antioxidants as potential drug candidates for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI “Petrovsky NRCS”), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anton Y. Postnov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI “Petrovsky NRCS”), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI “Petrovsky NRCS”), Moscow, Russia
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Böhm EW, Buonfiglio F, Voigt AM, Bachmann P, Safi T, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Oxidative stress in the eye and its role in the pathophysiology of ocular diseases. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102967. [PMID: 38006824 PMCID: PMC10701459 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs through an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense mechanisms of cells. The eye is particularly exposed to oxidative stress because of its permanent exposure to light and due to several structures having high metabolic activities. The anterior part of the eye is highly exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and possesses a complex antioxidant defense system to protect the retina from UV radiation. The posterior part of the eye exhibits high metabolic rates and oxygen consumption leading subsequently to a high production rate of ROS. Furthermore, inflammation, aging, genetic factors, and environmental pollution, are all elements promoting ROS generation and impairing antioxidant defense mechanisms and thereby representing risk factors leading to oxidative stress. An abnormal redox status was shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of various ocular diseases in the anterior and posterior segment of the eye. In this review, we aim to summarize the mechanisms of oxidative stress in ocular diseases to provide an updated understanding on the pathogenesis of common diseases affecting the ocular surface, the lens, the retina, and the optic nerve. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing oxidative stress in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Wilma Böhm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Voigt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Bachmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tarek Safi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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Ren LL, Miao H, Wang YN, Liu F, Li P, Zhao YY. TGF-β as A Master Regulator of Aging-Associated Tissue Fibrosis. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1633-1650. [PMID: 37196129 PMCID: PMC10529747 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and fibronectin. Aging, injury, infections, and inflammation can cause different types of tissue fibrosis. Numerous clinical investigations have shown a correlation between the degree of liver and pulmonary fibrosis in patients and telomere length and mitochondrial DNA content, both of which are signs of aging. Aging involves the gradual loss of tissue function over time, which results in the loss of homeostasis and, ultimately, an organism's fitness. A major feature of aging is the accumulation of senescent cells. Senescent cells abnormally and continuously accumulate in the late stages of life, contributing to age-related fibrosis and tissue deterioration, among other aging characteristics. Furthermore, aging generates chronic inflammation, which results in fibrosis and decreases organ function. This finding suggests that fibrosis and aging are closely related. The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily plays a crucial role in the physiological and pathological processes of aging, immune regulation, atherosclerosis, and tissue fibrosis. In this review, the functions of TGF-β in normal organs, aging, and fibrotic tissues is discussed: TGF-β signalling is altered with age and is an indicator of pathology associated with tissue fibrosis. In addition, this review discusses the potential targeting of noncoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hua Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Ruiz-Uribe NE, Bracko O, Swallow M, Omurzakov A, Dash S, Uchida H, Xiang D, Haft-Javaherian M, Falkenhain K, Lamont ME, Ali M, Njiru BN, Chang HY, Tan AY, Xiang JZ, Iadecola C, Park L, Sanchez T, Nishimura N, Schaffer CB. Vascular oxidative stress causes neutrophil arrest in brain capillaries, leading to decreased cerebral blood flow and contributing to memory impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.15.528710. [PMID: 36824768 PMCID: PMC9949082 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we explore the role of oxidative stress produced by NOX2-containing NADPH oxidase as a molecular mechanism causing capillary stalling and cerebral blood flow deficits in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. METHODS We inhibited NOX2 in APP/PS1 mice by administering a 10 mg/kg dose of the peptide inhibitor gp91-ds-tat i.p., for two weeks. We used in vivo two-photon imaging to measure capillary stalling, penetrating arteriole flow, and vascular inflammation. We also characterized short-term memory function and gene expression changes in cerebral microvessels. RESULTS We found that after NOX2 inhibition capillary stalling, as well as parenchymal and vascular inflammation, were significantly reduced. In addition, we found a significant increase in penetrating arteriole flow, followed by an improvement in short-term memory, and downregulation of inflammatory gene expression pathways. DISCUSSION Oxidative stress is a major mechanism leading to microvascular dysfunction in AD, and represents an important therapeutic target.
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Dauth A, Bręborowicz A, Ruan Y, Tang Q, Zadeh JK, Böhm EW, Pfeiffer N, Khedkar PH, Patzak A, Vujacic-Mirski K, Daiber A, Gericke A. Sulodexide Prevents Hyperglycemia-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Porcine Retinal Arterioles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020388. [PMID: 36829947 PMCID: PMC9952154 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus may cause severe damage to retinal blood vessels. The central aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that sulodexide, a mixture of glycosaminoglycans, has a protective effect against hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction in the retina. Functional studies were performed in isolated porcine retinal arterioles. Vessels were cannulated and incubated with highly concentrated glucose solution (HG, 25 mM D-glucose) +/- sulodexide (50/5/0.5 μg/mL) or normally concentrated glucose solution (NG, 5.5 mM D-glucose) +/- sulodexide for two hours. Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilatation were measured by videomicroscopy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified by dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence. Using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), the intrinsic antioxidant properties of sulodexide were investigated. Quantitative PCR was used to determine mRNA expression of regulatory, inflammatory, and redox genes in retinal arterioles, some of which were subsequently quantified at the protein level by immunofluorescence microscopy. Incubation of retinal arterioles with HG caused significant impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, whereas endothelium-independent responses were not affected. In the HG group, ROS formation was markedly increased in the vascular wall. Strikingly, sulodexide had a protective effect against hyperglycemia-induced ROS formation in the vascular wall and had a concentration-dependent protective effect against endothelial dysfunction. Although sulodexide itself had only negligible antioxidant properties, it prevented hyperglycemia-induced overexpression of the pro-oxidant redox enzymes, NOX4 and NOX5. The data of the present study provide evidence that sulodexide has a protective effect against hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in porcine retinal arterioles, possibly by modulation of redox enzyme expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Dauth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrzej Bręborowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-512 Poznań, Poland
| | - Yue Ruan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jenia K. Zadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- AbbVie Germany GmbH & Co. KG, 65189 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Elsa W. Böhm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pratik H. Khedkar
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ksenija Vujacic-Mirski
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Villalobos-Labra R, Liu R, Spaans F, Sáez T, Quon A, Wong M, Pink D, Lewis J, Vatish M, Davidge S, Cooke CL. Placenta-derived extracellular vesicles from preeclamptic and healthy pregnancies impair ex vivo vascular endothelial function. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20222185. [PMID: 36408626 PMCID: PMC9760606 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20222185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy syndrome characterized by new-onset hypertension and end-organ dysfunction. The pathophysiology of PE remains undetermined, but it is thought that maternal vascular dysfunction plays a central role, potentially due, in part, to the release of syncytiotrophoblast-derived extracellular vesicles (STBEVs) into the maternal circulation by a dysfunctional placenta. STBEVs from normal pregnancies (NP) impair vascular function, but the effect of PE STBEVs (known to differ in composition with elevated circulating levels) on vascular function are not known. We hypothesized that PE STBEVs have more detrimental effects on vascular function compared with NP STBEVs. STBEVs were collected by perfusion of placentas from women with NP or PE. Mesenteric arteries from pregnant rats were incubated overnight with NP or PE STBEVs, and vascular function was assessed by wire myography. NP and PE STBEVs impaired endothelial function, partially by reducing nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with NP and PE STBEVs increased nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) activation, reactive oxygen species, nitrotyrosine levels, and reduced NO levels. However, PE STBEVs increased NF-κB activation and nitrotyrosine levels to a lesser extent than NP STBEVs. Taken together, no greater impact of PE STBEVs compared with NP STBEVs on endothelial function was found. However, the impaired vascular function by PE STBEVs and increased levels of STBEVs in PE suggest PE STBEVs may contribute to maternal vascular dysfunction in PE. Our study further expands on the potential mechanisms that lead to adverse outcomes in PE and provides potential targets for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Villalobos-Labra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ricky Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Floor Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tamara Sáez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anita Quon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Nanostics Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Desmond Pink
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Nanostics Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John Lewis
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Nanostics Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christy-Lynn M. Cooke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Novel Role of Mammalian Cell Senescence-Sustenance of Muscle Larvae of Trichinella spp. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1799839. [PMID: 36478989 PMCID: PMC9722307 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1799839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Muscle larva of the parasitic nematode Trichinella spp. lives in a portion of muscle fibre transformed to a nurse cell (NC). Based on our previous transcriptomic studies, NC growth arrest was inferred to be accompanied by cellular senescence. In the current study, NC was proven to display the following markers of senescence: high senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, lipid deposition, DNA damage, and cell cycle inhibition. Moreover, the nuclear localization of Activator Protein 1 (c-Fos, c-Jun, and FosB), as well as the upregulation of numerous AP-1 target genes in the NC, remained in accord with AP-1 recently identified as a master transcription factor in senescence. An increase in reactive oxygen species generation and the upregulation of antioxidant defence enzymes, including glutathione peroxidases 1 and 3, catalase, superoxide dismutases 1 and 3, and heme oxygenase 1, indicated an ongoing oxidative stress to proceed in the NC. Interestingly, antioxidant defence enzymes localized not only to the NC but also to the larva. These results allowed us to hypothesize that oxidative stress accompanying muscle regeneration and larval antigenic properties lead to the transformation of a regenerating myofibre into a senescent cell. Cellular senescence apparently represents a state of metabolism that sustains the long-term existence of muscle larva and ultimately provides it with the antioxidant capacity needed during the next host colonization. Senotherapy, a therapeutic approach aimed at selective elimination of senescent cells, can thus be viewed as potentially effective in the treatment of trichinosis.
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Banji OJ, Banji D, Makeen HA, Alqahtani SS, Alshahrani S. Neuroinflammation: The Role of Anthocyanins as Neuroprotectants. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2156-2174. [PMID: 35043761 PMCID: PMC9886846 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220119140835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a trigger for several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Exposure to noxious external stimuli induces homeostatic disturbances resulting in morphological changes in microglia, their activation, and elaboration of pro-inflammatory mediators. This leads to neuroinflammation with the progressive loss of neurons. Nutraceuticals such as anthocyanins are a class of brightly colored bioactive compounds present in fruits and vegetables with purported health benefits. They interfere with the activation of several signaling cascades that have a prominent role in preventing neuroinflammation. More importantly, anthocyanins can cross the blood-brain barrier and are safe. Hence, the current review focuses on the bioavailability of anthocyanins, clinical and in vitro evidence on their role in impeding the activation of transcription factors, modulating the immune milieu within the central nervous system, preventing the activation of microglia, and averting neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia J.F. Banji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA; ,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA; Tel: 966-557942761; E-mail:
| | - David Banji
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA;
| | - Saad S. Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA;
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA
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Andrés CMC, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Juan CA, Plou FJ, Pérez-Lebeña E. The Role of Reactive Species on Innate Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101735. [PMID: 36298601 PMCID: PMC9609844 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review examines the role of reactive species RS (of oxygen ROS, nitrogen RNS and halogen RHS) on innate immunity. The importance of these species in innate immunity was first recognized in phagocytes that underwent a “respiratory burst” after activation. The anion superoxide •O2− and hydrogen peroxide H2O2 are detrimental to the microbial population. NADPH oxidase NOx, as an •O2− producer is essential for microbial destruction, and patients lacking this functional oxidase are more susceptible to microbial infections. Reactive nitrogen species RNS (the most important are nitric oxide radical -•NO, peroxynitrite ONOO— and its derivatives), are also harmful to microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Hypochlorous acid HOCl and hypothiocyanous acid HOSCN synthesized through the enzyme myeloperoxidase MPO, which catalyzes the reaction between H2O2 and Cl− or SCN−, are important inorganic bactericidal molecules, effective against a wide range of microbes. This review also discusses the role of antimicrobial peptides AMPs and their induction of ROS. In summary, reactive species RS are the heart of the innate immune system, and they are necessary for microbial lysis in infections that can affect mammals throughout their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra
- Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Celia Andrés Juan
- Cinquima Institute and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Plou
- Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Yoshikawa T, Mifune Y, Inui A, Nishimoto H, Yamaura K, Mukohara S, Shinohara I, Kuroda R. Quercetin treatment protects the Achilles tendons of rats from oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:563. [PMID: 35689230 PMCID: PMC9188208 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quercetin, a flavonoid abundantly in vegetables and fruits, exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the protective effects of quercetin against oxidative stress in the Achilles tendons of diabetic rats. Methods Cells were collected from the Achilles tendons of Sprague–Dawley rats and cultured under four conditions: regular glucose (RG) without quercetin (Quer-), RG with quercetin (Quer +), high-glucose (HG) Quer-, and HG Quer + . The expression of genes related to NADPH oxidase (NOX) and inflammation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and apoptosis rates was analyzed. Additionally, diabetic rats were divided into two groups and subjected to quercetin (group Q) or no quercetin (group C) treatment. Histological evaluation and expression analysis of relevant genes in the Achilles tendon were performed. Results In rat tendon-derived cells, the expression of Nox1, Nox4, and Il6; reactive oxygen species accumulation; and apoptosis rates were significantly decreased by quercetin treatment in the HG group. The collagen fiber arrangement was significantly disorganized in the diabetic rat Achilles tendons in group C compared with that in group Q. The mRNA and protein expression levels of NOX1 and NOX4 were significantly decreased upon quercetin treatment. Furthermore, the expression of Il6, type III collagen, Mmp2, and Timp2 was significantly decreased, whereas that of type I collagen was significantly increased in group Q compared with that in group C. Conclusions Quercetin treatment decreases NOX expression and thus exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the Achilles tendons of diabetic rats. Quercetin treatment may be effective against diabetic tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yutaka Mifune
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Atsuyuki Inui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hanako Nishimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamaura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shintaro Mukohara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Issei Shinohara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
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Cardiac NF-κB Acetylation Increases While Nrf2-Related Gene Expression and Mitochondrial Activity Are Impaired during the Progression of Diabetes in UCD-T2DM Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050927. [PMID: 35624791 PMCID: PMC9137621 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of type II diabetes increases the heart’s susceptibility to oxidative damage because of the associated inflammation and diminished antioxidant response. Transcription factor NF-κB initiates inflammation while Nrf2 controls antioxidant defense. Current evidence suggests crosstalk between these transcription factors that may become dysregulated during type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) manifestation. The objective of this study was to examine the dynamic changes that occur in both transcription factors and target genes during the progression of T2DM in the heart. Novel UC Davis T2DM (UCD-T2DM) rats at the following states were utilized: (1) lean, control Sprague-Dawley (SD; n = 7), (2) insulin-resistant pre-diabetic UCD-T2DM (Pre; n = 9), (3) 2-week recently diabetic UCD-T2DM (2Wk; n = 9), (4) 3-month diabetic UCD-T2DM (3Mo; n = 14), and (5) 6-month diabetic UCD-T2DM (6Mo; n = 9). NF-κB acetylation increased 2-fold in 3Mo and 6Mo diabetic animals compared to SD and Pre animals. Nox4 protein increased 4-fold by 6Mo compared to SD. Nrf2 translocation increased 82% in Pre compared to SD but fell 47% in 6Mo animals. GCLM protein fell 35% in 6Mo animals compared to Pre. Hmox1 mRNA decreased 45% in 6Mo animals compared to SD. These data suggest that during the progression of T2DM, NF-κB related genes increase while Nrf2 genes are suppressed or unchanged, perpetuating inflammation and a lesser ability to handle an oxidant burden altering the heart’s redox state. Collectively, these changes likely contribute to the diabetes-associated cardiovascular complications.
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12
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Zheng H, Xu N, Zhang Z, Wang F, Xiao J, Ji X. Setanaxib (GKT137831) Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Inhibiting the NOX1/NOX4/Reactive Oxygen Species/MAPK Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:823975. [PMID: 35444554 PMCID: PMC9014097 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.823975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity is a highly concerning issue, and the mechanism by which DOX induces cardiotoxicity is likely to be multifactorial. NADPH oxidase (NOX) is associated with DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Setanaxib (GKT137831), a preferential direct inhibitor of NOX1 and NOX4, can delay or prevent the progression of many cardiovascular disorders by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In this study, we investigated the role of GKT137831 in ameliorating DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and the potential mechanisms of its action. Methods and Results: The mice model of cardiotoxicity induced by DOX was established, and GKT137831 treatment was performed at the same time. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were treated with DOX or GKT137831 for in vitro experiments. We found that DOX administration impaired cardiac function in vivo, reflected by decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (FS%). DOX also impaired the viability of NRCMs in vitro. In addition, DOX increased the levels of NOX1 and NOX4 expression and ROS production and the cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate, both in vivo and in vitro. GKT137831 improved cardiac function, as indicated by the increased LVEF and FS%. In vitro, GKT137831 improved NRCM viability. It also decreased ROS production and the cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate. Apoptotic indices, such as cleaved PARP (c-PARP), cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) and BAX expression levels, were decreased, and the antiapoptotic index of Bcl-2 expression was increased. DOX markedly activated phosphorylated JNK, ERK and p38 proteins in NRCMs. Specific inhibitors of JNK (SP600125), ERK (PD98059) or p38 (SB203580) inhibited DOX-induced apoptosis of NRCMs. GKT137831 pretreatment inhibited excessive DOX-induced MAPK pathway activation. Conclusion: This study revealed that GKT137831 can alleviate DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting NOX1/4-driven ROS production. The upregulation of MAPK pathway induced by NOX1/4-derived ROS production may be the potential mechanism of GKT137831 action. GKT137831 may be a potential drug candidate to ameliorate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nannan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Fen Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoping Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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13
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Yoshikawa T, Mifune Y, Inui A, Nishimoto H, Yamaura K, Mukohara S, Shinohara I, Kuroda R. Influence of Diabetes-Induced Glycation and Oxidative Stress on the Human Rotator Cuff. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040743. [PMID: 35453426 PMCID: PMC9032678 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most shoulder rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are caused by non-traumatic age-related rotator cuff degeneration, of which hyperglycemia is a risk factor due to its glycation reaction and oxidative stress. We aimed to identify the influence of diabetes-induced glycation and oxidative stress in patients with non-traumatic shoulder RCTs. Twenty patients, aged over 50 years, with non-traumatic shoulder RCTs participated in this study. Patients with a history of diabetes mellitus or preoperative HbA1c ≥ 6.5% were assigned to the diabetic group (n = 10), and the rest to the non-diabetic group (n = 10). Cell proliferation; expression of genes related to oxidative stress, glycation reaction, inflammation, and collagen; intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels; and apoptosis rates were analyzed. The diabetic group had significantly lower cell proliferation than the non-diabetic group. In the diabetic group, the mRNA expression levels of NOX1, NOX4, IL6, RAGE, type III collagen, MMP2, TIMP1, and TIMP2 were significantly higher; type I collagen expression was significantly lower; and the rate of ROS-positive cells and apoptotic cells, as well as the expression of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), was significantly higher. In conclusion, hyperglycemia caused by diabetes mellitus increased AGE and RAGE expression, and led to increased NOX expression, ROS production, and apoptosis in the human rotator cuff. This provides scope to find a preventive treatment for non-traumatic RCTs by inhibiting glycation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yutaka Mifune
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-78-382-5985; Fax: +81-78-351-6944
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14
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Qureshi MK, Gawroński P, Munir S, Jindal S, Kerchev P. Hydrogen peroxide-induced stress acclimation in plants. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:129. [PMID: 35141765 PMCID: PMC11073338 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among all reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) takes a central role in regulating plant development and responses to the environment. The diverse role of H2O2 is achieved through its compartmentalized synthesis, temporal control exerted by the antioxidant machinery, and ability to oxidize specific residues of target proteins. Here, we examine the role of H2O2 in stress acclimation beyond the well-studied transcriptional reprogramming, modulation of plant hormonal networks and long-distance signalling waves by highlighting its global impact on the transcriptional regulation and translational machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kamran Qureshi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bosan road, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Piotr Gawroński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw, University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sana Munir
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bosan road, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Sunita Jindal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kerchev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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15
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Suslov AV, Afanasyev MA, Degtyarev PA, Chumachenko PV, Ekta MB, Sukhorukov VN, Khotina VA, Yet SF, Sobenin IA, Postnov AY. Molecular Pathogenesis and the Possible Role of Mitochondrial Heteroplasmy in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1395. [PMID: 34947926 PMCID: PMC8709403 DOI: 10.3390/life11121395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a life-threatening condition associated with high mortality, in which the aortic wall is deformed due to congenital or age-associated pathological changes. The mechanisms of TAA development remain to be studied in detail, and are the subject of active research. In this review, we describe the morphological changes of the aortic wall in TAA. We outline the genetic disorders associated with aortic enlargement and discuss the potential role of mitochondrial pathology, in particular mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy, in the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Suslov
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow 121552, Russia; (A.V.S.); (M.A.A.); (P.V.C.); (I.A.S.); (A.Y.P.)
- Department of Human Anatomy, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia;
| | - M. A. Afanasyev
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow 121552, Russia; (A.V.S.); (M.A.A.); (P.V.C.); (I.A.S.); (A.Y.P.)
| | - P. A. Degtyarev
- Department of Human Anatomy, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia;
| | - P. V. Chumachenko
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow 121552, Russia; (A.V.S.); (M.A.A.); (P.V.C.); (I.A.S.); (A.Y.P.)
| | - M. Bagheri Ekta
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow 117418, Russia; (M.B.E.); (V.A.K.)
| | - V. N. Sukhorukov
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow 121552, Russia; (A.V.S.); (M.A.A.); (P.V.C.); (I.A.S.); (A.Y.P.)
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow 117418, Russia; (M.B.E.); (V.A.K.)
| | - V. A. Khotina
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow 117418, Russia; (M.B.E.); (V.A.K.)
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - S.-F. Yet
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town 35053, Taiwan;
| | - I. A. Sobenin
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow 121552, Russia; (A.V.S.); (M.A.A.); (P.V.C.); (I.A.S.); (A.Y.P.)
| | - A. Yu Postnov
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow 121552, Russia; (A.V.S.); (M.A.A.); (P.V.C.); (I.A.S.); (A.Y.P.)
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow 117418, Russia; (M.B.E.); (V.A.K.)
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16
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Brown OI, Bridge KI, Kearney MT. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidases in Glucose Homeostasis and Diabetes-Related Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092315. [PMID: 34571964 PMCID: PMC8469180 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress within the vascular endothelium, due to excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is thought to be fundamental to the initiation and progression of the cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The term ROS encompasses a variety of chemical species including superoxide anion (O2•-), hydroxyl radical (OH-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). While constitutive generation of low concentrations of ROS are indispensable for normal cellular function, excess O2•- can result in irreversible tissue damage. Excess ROS generation is catalysed by xanthine oxidase, uncoupled nitric oxide synthases, the mitochondrial electron transport chain and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases. Amongst enzymatic sources of O2•- the Nox2 isoform of NADPH oxidase is thought to be critical to the oxidative stress found in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In contrast, the transcriptionally regulated Nox4 isoform, which generates H2O2, may fulfil a protective role and contribute to normal glucose homeostasis. This review describes the key roles of Nox2 and Nox4, as well as Nox1 and Nox5, in glucose homeostasis, endothelial function and oxidative stress, with a key focus on how they are regulated in health, and dysregulated in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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17
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Activated Histone Acetyltransferase p300/CBP-Related Signalling Pathways Mediate Up-Regulation of NADPH Oxidase, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in Diabetic Kidney. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091356. [PMID: 34572988 PMCID: PMC8469026 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence implicates the histone acetylation-based epigenetic mechanisms in the pathoetiology of diabetes-associated micro-/macrovascular complications. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a progressive chronic inflammatory microvascular disorder ultimately leading to glomerulosclerosis and kidney failure. We hypothesized that histone acetyltransferase p300/CBP may be involved in mediating diabetes-accelerated renal damage. In this study, we aimed at investigating the potential role of p300/CBP in the up-regulation of renal NADPH oxidase (Nox), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammation, and fibrosis in diabetic mice. Diabetic C57BL/6J mice were randomized to receive 10 mg/kg C646, a selective p300/CBP inhibitor, or its vehicle for 4 weeks. We found that in the kidney of C646-treated diabetic mice, the level of H3K27ac, an epigenetic mark of active gene expression, was significantly reduced. Pharmacological inhibition of p300/CBP significantly down-regulated the diabetes-induced enhanced expression of Nox subtypes, pro-inflammatory, and pro-fibrotic molecules in the kidney of mice, and the glomerular ROS overproduction. Our study provides evidence that the activation of p300/CBP enhances ROS production, potentially generated by up-regulated Nox, inflammation, and the production of extracellular matrix proteins in the diabetic kidney. The data suggest that p300/CBP-pharmacological inhibitors may be attractive tools to modulate diabetes-associated pathological processes to efficiently reduce the burden of DKD.
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18
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Sweeny EA, Hunt AP, Batka AE, Schlanger S, Lehnert N, Stuehr DJ. Nitric oxide and heme-NO stimulate superoxide production by NADPH oxidase 5. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:252-263. [PMID: 34139309 PMCID: PMC8355125 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous cell signaling molecule which mediates widespread and diverse processes in the cell. These NO dependent effects often involve activation (e.g. NO binding to the heme group of soluble guanylyl cyclase for cGMP production) or inactivation (e.g. S-nitrosation) of protein targets. We studied the effect of NO and heme-NO on the transmembrane signaling enzyme NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5), a heme protein which produces superoxide in response to increases in intracellular calcium. We found that treatment with NO donors increases NOX5 activity through heme-dependent effects, and that this effect could be recapitulated by the addition of heme-NO. This work adds to our understanding of NOX5 regulation in the cell but also provides a framework for understanding how NO could cause widespread changes in hemeprotein activity based on different affinities for heme v. heme-NO, and helps explain the opposing roles NO plays in activation and inactivation of hemeprotein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Sweeny
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Andrew P Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Allison E Batka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Simon Schlanger
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nicolai Lehnert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dennis J Stuehr
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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19
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Lima LF, Torres AQ, Jardim R, Mesquita RD, Schama R. Evolution of Toll, Spatzle and MyD88 in insects: the problem of the Diptera bias. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:562. [PMID: 34289811 PMCID: PMC8296651 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthropoda, the most numerous and diverse metazoan phylum, has species in many habitats where they encounter various microorganisms and, as a result, mechanisms for pathogen recognition and elimination have evolved. The Toll pathway, involved in the innate immune system, was first described as part of the developmental pathway for dorsal-ventral differentiation in Drosophila. Its later discovery in vertebrates suggested that this system was extremely conserved. However, there is variation in presence/absence, copy number and sequence divergence in various genes along the pathway. As most studies have only focused on Diptera, for a comprehensive and accurate homology-based approach it is important to understand gene function in a number of different species and, in a group as diverse as insects, the use of species belonging to different taxonomic groups is essential. RESULTS We evaluated the diversity of Toll pathway gene families in 39 Arthropod genomes, encompassing 13 different Insect Orders. Through computational methods, we shed some light into the evolution and functional annotation of protein families involved in the Toll pathway innate immune response. Our data indicates that: 1) intracellular proteins of the Toll pathway show mostly species-specific expansions; 2) the different Toll subfamilies seem to have distinct evolutionary backgrounds; 3) patterns of gene expansion observed in the Toll phylogenetic tree indicate that homology based methods of functional inference might not be accurate for some subfamilies; 4) Spatzle subfamilies are highly divergent and also pose a problem for homology based inference; 5) Spatzle subfamilies should not be analyzed together in the same phylogenetic framework; 6) network analyses seem to be a good first step in inferring functional groups in these cases. We specifically show that understanding Drosophila's Toll functions might not indicate the same function in other species. CONCLUSIONS Our results show the importance of using species representing the different orders to better understand insect gene content, origin and evolution. More specifically, in intracellular Toll pathway gene families the presence of orthologues has important implications for homology based functional inference. Also, the different evolutionary backgrounds of Toll gene subfamilies should be taken into consideration when functional studies are performed, especially for TOLL9, TOLL, TOLL2_7, and the new TOLL10 clade. The presence of Diptera specific clades or the ones lacking Diptera species show the importance of overcoming the Diptera bias when performing functional characterization of Toll pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Ferreira Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Quintanilha Torres
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Jardim
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dias Mesquita
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular-INCT-EM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Schama
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular-INCT-EM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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20
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Eid SA, Hinder LM, Zhang H, Eksi R, Nair V, Eddy S, Eichinger F, Park M, Saha J, Berthier CC, Jagadish HV, Guan Y, Pennathur S, Hur J, Kretzler M, Feldman EL, Brosius FC. Gene expression profiles of diabetic kidney disease and neuropathy in eNOS knockout mice: Predictors of pathology and RAS blockade effects. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21467. [PMID: 33788970 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002387r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) are two common diabetic complications. However, their pathogenesis remains elusive and current therapies are only modestly effective. We evaluated genome-wide expression to identify pathways involved in DKD and DPN progression in db/db eNOS-/- mice receiving renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS)-blocking drugs to mimic the current standard of care for DKD patients. Diabetes and eNOS deletion worsened DKD, which improved with RAS treatment. Diabetes also induced DPN, which was not affected by eNOS deletion or RAS blockade. Given the multiple factors affecting DKD and the graded differences in disease severity across mouse groups, an automatic data analysis method, SOM, or self-organizing map was used to elucidate glomerular transcriptional changes associated with DKD, whereas pairwise bioinformatic analysis was used for DPN. These analyses revealed that enhanced gene expression in several pro-inflammatory networks and reduced expression of development genes correlated with worsening DKD. Although RAS treatment ameliorated the nephropathy phenotype, it did not alter the more abnormal gene expression changes in kidney. Moreover, RAS exacerbated expression of genes related to inflammation and oxidant generation in peripheral nerves. The graded increase in inflammatory gene expression and decrease in development gene expression with DKD progression underline the potentially important role of these pathways in DKD pathogenesis. Since RAS blockers worsened this gene expression pattern in both DKD and DPN, it may partly explain the inadequate therapeutic efficacy of such blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Eid
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lucy M Hinder
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ridvan Eksi
- Department of Computational Medicine and Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Viji Nair
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sean Eddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Felix Eichinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Meeyoung Park
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jharna Saha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Celine C Berthier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hosagrahar V Jagadish
- Department of Computational Medicine and Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuanfang Guan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Frank C Brosius
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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21
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Newborns of Mothers with Venous Disease during Pregnancy Show Increased Levels of Lipid Peroxidation and Markers of Oxidative Stress and Hypoxia in the Umbilical Cord. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060980. [PMID: 34207447 PMCID: PMC8235526 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic venous disease (CVD) encompasses a set of disorders of the venous system that have a high prevalence in Western societies and are associated with significant sociohealth costs. Pregnancy is a period in which different hormonal and haemodynamic changes occur that lead to significant changes in the cardiovascular system, increasing the risk of developing venous problems, especially during the third trimester of gestation. In turn, CVD involves a series of local and systemic alterations that can have negative repercussions in pregnancy. In this context, the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of this condition has been shown to significantly affect other vascular structures during pregnancy, such as the placenta. However, the effects of oxidative stress on the umbilical cord in women with CVD have not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyse the gene and protein expression of the enzymes NOX-1, NOX-2 and iNOS, which are involved in the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, respectively. Similarly, the presence of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in the umbilical cord in women with CVD was compared to that of pregnant control women, and the levels of the lipid peroxidation marker malonyldialdehyde (MDA) in cord tissue and blood was also analysed. Our results support a significant increase in the enzymes NOX-1, NOX-2 and iNOS and HIF-1α and MDA in the umbilical cord tissue and blood of women with CVD. For the first time, our work demonstrates an increase in oxidative stress and cellular damage in the umbilical cords of pregnant women who develop this condition, deepening the understanding of the consequences of CVD during pregnancy.
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Mukohara S, Mifune Y, Inui A, Nishimoto H, Kurosawa T, Yamaura K, Yoshikawa T, Kuroda R. In vitro and in vivo tenocyte-protective effectiveness of dehydroepiandrosterone against high glucose-induced oxidative stress. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:519. [PMID: 34090401 PMCID: PMC8180149 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04398-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), an adrenal steroid, has a protective role against diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo protective effects of DHEA against high glucose-induced oxidative stress in tenocytes and tendons. METHODS Tenocytes from normal Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured in low-glucose (LG) or high-glucose (HG) medium with or without DHEA. The experimental groups were: control group (LG without DHEA), LG with DHEA, HG without DHEA, and HG with DHEA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1 and 4, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined. Further, diabetic rats were divided into a control group and a DHEA-injected group (DHEA group). NOX1 and NOX4 protein expression and mRNA expression of NOX1, NOX4, IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2, and type I and III collagens in the Achilles tendon were determined. RESULTS In rat tenocytes, DHEA decreased the expression of NOX1 and IL-6, ROS accumulation, and apoptotic cells. In the diabetic rat Achilles tendon, NOX1 protein expression and mRNA expression of NOX1, IL-6, MMP-2, TIMP-2, and type III collagen were significantly lower while type I collagen expression was significantly higher in the DHEA group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS DHEA showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, DHEA improved tendon matrix synthesis and turnover, which are affected by hyperglycemic conditions. DHEA is a potential preventive drug for diabetic tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Mukohara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yutaka Mifune
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Atsuyuki Inui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hanako Nishimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurosawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamaura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
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Hirata Y, Takahashi M, Yamada Y, Matsui R, Inoue A, Ashida R, Noguchi T, Matsuzawa A. trans-Fatty acids promote p53-dependent apoptosis triggered by cisplatin-induced DNA interstrand crosslinks via the Nox-RIP1-ASK1-MAPK pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10350. [PMID: 33990641 PMCID: PMC8121903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
trans-Fatty acids (TFAs) are food-derived fatty acids associated with various diseases including cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying etiology is poorly understood. Here, we show a pro-apoptotic mechanism of TFAs such as elaidic acid (EA), in response to DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) induced by cisplatin (CDDP). We previously reported that TFAs promote apoptosis induced by doxorubicin (Dox), a double strand break (DSB)-inducing agent, via a non-canonical apoptotic pathway independent of tumor suppressor p53 and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK1), a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive kinase. However, here we found that in the case of CDDP-induced apoptosis, EA-mediated pro-apoptotic action was reversed by knockout of either p53 or ASK1, despite no increase in p53 apoptotic activity. Upon CDDP treatment, EA predominantly enhanced ROS generation, ASK1-p38/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation, and ultimately cell death, all of which were suppressed either by co-treatment of the NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor Apocynin, or by knocking out its regulatory protein, receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1). These results demonstrate that in response to CDDP ICLs, TFAs promote p53-dependent apoptosis through the enhancement of the Nox-RIP1-ASK1-MAPK pathway activation, providing insight into the diverse pathogenetic mechanisms of TFAs according to the types of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hirata
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Miki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamada
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsui
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Aya Inoue
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryo Ashida
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takuya Noguchi
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsuzawa
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.
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Lee H, Jose PA. Coordinated Contribution of NADPH Oxidase- and Mitochondria-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Metabolic Syndrome and Its Implication in Renal Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:670076. [PMID: 34017260 PMCID: PMC8129499 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a complex of interrelated risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, is comprised of central obesity (increased waist circumference), hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia (high triglyceride blood levels, low high-density lipoprotein blood levels), and increased blood pressure. Oxidative stress, caused by the imbalance between pro-oxidant and endogenous antioxidant systems, is the primary pathological basis of MetS. The major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with MetS are nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases and mitochondria. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the generation of ROS from NADPH oxidases and mitochondria, discuss the NADPH oxidase- and mitochondria-derived ROS signaling and pathophysiological effects, and the interplay between these two major sources of ROS, which leads to chronic inflammation, adipocyte proliferation, insulin resistance, and other metabolic abnormalities. The mechanisms linking MetS and chronic kidney disease are not well known. The role of NADPH oxidases and mitochondria in renal injury in the setting of MetS, particularly the influence of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in oxidative stress, inflammation, and subsequent renal injury, is highlighted. Understanding the molecular mechanism(s) underlying MetS may lead to novel therapeutic approaches by targeting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in MetS and prevent its sequelae of chronic cardiovascular and renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewang Lee
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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Rackova L, Mach M, Brnoliakova Z. An update in toxicology of ageing. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:103611. [PMID: 33581363 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The field of ageing research has been rapidly advancing in recent decades and it had provided insight into the complexity of ageing phenomenon. However, as the organism-environment interaction appears to significantly affect the organismal pace of ageing, the systematic approach for gerontogenic risk assessment of environmental factors has yet to be established. This puts demand on development of effective biomarker of ageing, as a relevant tool to quantify effects of gerontogenic exposures, contingent on multidisciplinary research approach. Here we review the current knowledge regarding the main endogenous gerontogenic pathways involved in acceleration of ageing through environmental exposures. These include inflammatory and oxidative stress-triggered processes, dysregulation of maintenance of cellular anabolism and catabolism and loss of protein homeostasis. The most effective biomarkers showing specificity and relevancy to ageing phenotypes are summarized, as well. The crucial part of this review was dedicated to the comprehensive overview of environmental gerontogens including various types of radiation, certain types of pesticides, heavy metals, drugs and addictive substances, unhealthy dietary patterns, and sedentary life as well as psychosocial stress. The reported effects in vitro and in vivo of both recognized and potential gerontogens are described with respect to the up-to-date knowledge in geroscience. Finally, hormetic and ageing decelerating effects of environmental factors are briefly discussed, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rackova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Mojmir Mach
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Brnoliakova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Shiraishi Y, Ishigami N, Kujiraoka T, Sato A, Fujita M, Ido Y, Adachi T. Deletion of Superoxide Dismutase 1 Blunted Inflammatory Aortic Remodeling in Hypertensive Mice under Angiotensin II Infusion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030471. [PMID: 33809716 PMCID: PMC8002308 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of two superoxide anions (O2·−) into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen (O2) and is generally known to protect against oxidative stress. Angiotensin II (AngII) causes vascular hypertrophic remodeling which is associated with H2O2 generation. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of cytosolic SOD (SOD1) in AngII-induced vascular hypertrophy. We employed C57/BL6 mice (WT) and SOD1 deficient mice (SOD1−/−) with the same background. They received a continuous infusion of saline or AngII (3.2 mg/kg/day) for seven days. The blood pressures were equally elevated at 1.5 times with AngII, however, vascular hypertrophy was blunted in SOD1−/− mice compared to WT mice (WT mice 91.9 ± 1.13 µm versus SOD1−/− mice 68.4 ± 1.41 µm p < 0.001). The elevation of aortic interleukin 6 (IL-6) and phosphorylation of pro-inflammatory STAT3 due to AngII were also blunted in SOD1−/− mice’s aortas. In cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), reducing expression of SOD1 with siRNA decreased AngII induced IL-6 release as well as phosphorylation of STAT3. Pre-incubation with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-catalase also attenuated phosphorylation of STAT3 due to AngII. These results indicate that SOD1 in VSMCs plays a role in vascular hypertrophy due to increased inflammation caused by AngII, probably via the production of cytosolic H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunaga Shiraishi
- Division of Environmental Medicine, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa Saitama 359-8513, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-4-2995-1626
| | - Norio Ishigami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (N.I.); (T.K.); (A.S.); (Y.I.); (T.A.)
| | - Takehiko Kujiraoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (N.I.); (T.K.); (A.S.); (Y.I.); (T.A.)
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (N.I.); (T.K.); (A.S.); (Y.I.); (T.A.)
| | - Masanori Fujita
- Division of Environmental Medicine, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa Saitama 359-8513, Japan;
| | - Yasuo Ido
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (N.I.); (T.K.); (A.S.); (Y.I.); (T.A.)
| | - Takeshi Adachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa Saitama 359-8513, Japan; (N.I.); (T.K.); (A.S.); (Y.I.); (T.A.)
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Ding L, Wen Y, Zhang X, Zhao F, Lv K, Shi JH, Shen S, Pan X. Transcriptional network constituted of CBP, Ku70, NOX2, and BAX prevents the cell death of necrosis, paraptosis, and apoptosis in human melanoma. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:40. [PMID: 33637687 PMCID: PMC7910564 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00417-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CREB-binding protein (CBP) is an acetyltransferase known to play multiple roles in the transcriptions of genes involving oxidative metabolism, cell cycle, DNA damage checkpoints, and cell death. In this study, CBP was found to positively regulate the expression of Ku70, and both CBP and Ku70 were found to negatively regulate the expression of NOX2, therefore, mitigating the intracellular ROS in human melanoma. Knocking down CBP or Ku70 induced necrotic and paraptotic cell death as indicated by high-level intracellular ROS, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and cell cycle arrest in the S phase. In addition, chromosomal condensations were also observed in the cells proceeding necrotic and paraptotic cell death, which was found to be related to the BAX-associated intrinsic pathway of apoptotic cell death, when Ku70 was decreased either by CBP depletion or by Ku70 depletion directly. Our results, therefore, supported the idea that CBP, Ku70, BAX, and NOX2 have formed a transcriptional network in the prevention of cell death of necrosis, paraptosis, and apoptosis in human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ding
- School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yalei Wen
- School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Kenao Lv
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijin, 100081, China
| | - Jian-Hong Shi
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Shigang Shen
- School of Chemistry and environmental Science, Hebei University, Baodin, 071002, China
| | - Xuefeng Pan
- School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China. .,School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijin, 100081, China. .,School of Chemistry and environmental Science, Hebei University, Baodin, 071002, China.
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28
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Heart failure and the glutathione cycle: an integrated view. Biochem J 2021; 477:3123-3130. [PMID: 32886767 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure results from the heart's inability to carryout ventricular contraction and relaxation, and has now become a worldwide problem. During the onset of heart failure, several signatures are observed in cardiomyocytes that includes fetal reprogramming of gene expression where adult genes are repressed and fetal genes turned on, endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. In this short review and analysis, we examine these different phenomenon from the viewpoint of the glutathione cycle and the role of the recently discovered Chac1 enzyme. Chac1, which belongs to the family of γ-glutamylcyclotransferases, is a recently discovered member of the glutathione cycle, being involved in the cytosolic degradation of glutathione. This enzyme is induced during the Endoplasmic Stress response, but also in the developing heart. Owing to its exclusive action on reduced glutathione, its induction leads to an increase in the oxidative redox potential of the cell that also serves as signaling mechanism for calcium ions channel activation. The end product of Chac1 action is 5-oxoproline, and studies with 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH), an enzyme of the glutathione cycle has revealed that down-regulation of OPLAH can lead to the accumulation of 5-oxproline which is an important factor in heart failure. With these recent findings, we have re-examined the roles and regulation of the enzymes in the glutathione cycle which are central to these responses. We present an integrated view of the glutathione cycle in the cellular response to heart failure.
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29
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Pagano PJ, Cifuentes-Pagano E. The Enigmatic Vascular NOX: From Artifact to Double Agent of Change: Arthur C. Corcoran Memorial Lecture - 2019. Hypertension 2021; 77:275-283. [PMID: 33390049 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.13897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
NOXs (NADPH oxidases) comprise a family of proteins whose primary function is the production of reactive oxygen species, namely, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. The prototype first being discovered and characterized in neutrophils, multiple NOXs are now known to be broadly expressed in cell and organ systems and whose phylogeny spans countless life forms beginning with prokaryotes. This long-enduring evolutionary conservation underscores the importance of fundamental NOX functions. This review chronicles a personal perspective of the field beginning with the discovery of NOXs in the vasculature and the advances achieved through the years as to our understanding of their mechanisms of action and role in oxidative stress and disease. Furthermore, applications of isoform-selective inhibitors to dissect the role of NOX isozymes in vascular biology, focusing on inflammation, pulmonary hypertension, and aging are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA
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30
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Jaenen V, Fraguas S, Bijnens K, Heleven M, Artois T, Romero R, Smeets K, Cebrià F. Reactive oxygen species rescue regeneration after silencing the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway in Schmidtea mediterranea. Sci Rep 2021; 11:881. [PMID: 33441641 PMCID: PMC7806912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research on molecular pathways controlling the process of regeneration in model organisms, little is known about the actual initiation signals necessary to induce regeneration. Recently, the activation of ERK signaling has been shown to be required to initiate regeneration in planarians. However, how ERK signaling is activated remains unknown. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are well-known early signals necessary for regeneration in several models, including planarians. Still, the probable interplay between ROS and MAPK/ERK has not yet been described. Here, by interfering with major mediators (ROS, EGFR and MAPK/ERK), we were able to identify wound-induced ROS, and specifically H2O2, as upstream cues in the activation of regeneration. Our data demonstrate new relationships between regeneration-related ROS production and MAPK/ERK activation at the earliest regeneration stages, as well as the involvement of the EGFR-signaling pathway. Our results suggest that (1) ROS and/or H2O2 have the potential to rescue regeneration after MEK-inhibition, either by H2O2-treatment or light therapy, (2) ROS and/or H2O2 are required for the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, (3) the EGFR pathway can mediate ROS production and the activation of MAPK/ERK during planarian regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Jaenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - S Fraguas
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Bijnens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - M Heleven
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - T Artois
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - R Romero
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Smeets
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,Department of Biology and Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - F Cebrià
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Checa J, Aran JM. Reactive Oxygen Species: Drivers of Physiological and Pathological Processes. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:1057-1073. [PMID: 33293849 PMCID: PMC7719303 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s275595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the Great Oxidation Event, about 2.4 billion years ago, the Earth is immersed in an oxidizing atmosphere. Thus, it has been proposed that excess oxygen, originally a waste product of photosynthetic cyanobacteria, induced oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have since acted as fundamental drivers of biologic evolution and eukaryogenesis. Indeed, throughout an organism’s lifespan, ROS affect directly (as mutagens) or indirectly (as messengers and regulators) all structural and functional components of cells, and many aspects of cell biology. Whether left unchecked by protective antioxidant systems, excess ROS not only cause genomic mutations but also induce irreversible oxidative modification of proteins (protein oxidation and peroxidation), lipids and glycans (advanced lipoxidation and glycation end products), impairing their function and promoting disease or cell death. Conversely, low-level local ROS play an important role both as redox-signaling molecules in a wide spectrum of pathways involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis (MAPK/ERK, PTK/PTP, PI3K-AKT-mTOR), and regulating key transcription factors (NFκB/IκB, Nrf2/KEAP1, AP-1, p53, HIF-1). Consequently, ROS can shape a variety of cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. In this review, we will give a brief overview of the relevance of ROS in both physiological and pathological processes, particularly inflammation and aging. In-depth knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of ROS actuation and their influence under steady-state and stressful conditions will pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic interventions. This will mitigate the harmful outcomes of ROS in the onset and progression of a variety of chronic inflammatory and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Checa
- Immune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Josep M Aran
- Immune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
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Alhayaza R, Haque E, Karbasiafshar C, Sellke FW, Abid MR. The Relationship Between Reactive Oxygen Species and Endothelial Cell Metabolism. Front Chem 2020; 8:592688. [PMID: 33330380 PMCID: PMC7732658 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.592688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the leading cause of death for many decades, highlighting the importance of new research and treatments in the field. The role of hypoxia and subsequent free radical production [reactive oxygen species (ROS)] have become an area of particular interest in CVD. Interestingly, our laboratory and other laboratories have recently reported positive roles of subcellular ROS in modulating endothelial cell (EC) metabolism, proliferation, and angiogenesis. This bidirectional relationship between ROS and EC metabolism, as well as functional changes, continues to be an area of active research. Interestingly, ECs have been shown to rely on anaerobic processes for ATP generation, despite their direct access to oxygen. This paradox has proven to be beneficial as the major reliance on glycolysis produces ATP faster, preserves oxygen, and results in reduced ROS levels in contrast to oxidative phosphorylation. This review will address the relationship between ROS and carbohydrate, lipid, and nitrogen metabolism in ECs, and their effects on EC phenotype such as sprouting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raid Alhayaza
- Alfaisal University School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emaan Haque
- Alfaisal University School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine Karbasiafshar
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Frank W. Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
| | - M. Ruhul Abid
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
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Oxymatrine Ameliorates Memory Impairment in Diabetic Rats by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis: Involvement of NOX2/NOX4. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3912173. [PMID: 33273999 PMCID: PMC7683156 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3912173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxymatrine (OMT) is the major quinolizidine alkaloid extracted from the root of Sophora flavescens Ait and has been shown to exhibit a diverse range of pharmacological properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of OMT in diabetic brain injury in vivo and in vitro. Diabetic rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) and fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. Memory function was assessed using a Morris water maze test. A SH-SY5Y cell injury model was induced by incubation with glucose (30 mM/l) to simulate damage in vitro. The serum fasting blood glucose, insulin, serum S100B, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were analyzed using commercial kits. Morphological changes were observed using Nissl staining and electron microscopy. Cell apoptosis was assessed using Hoechst staining and TUNEL staining. NADPH oxidase (NOX) and caspase-3 activities were determined. The effects of NOX2 and NOX4 knockdown were assessed using small interfering RNA. The expression levels of NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting, and the levels of caspase-3 were detected using western blotting. The diabetic rats exhibited significantly increased plasma glucose, insulin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), S-100B, and MDA levels and decreased SOD levels. Memory function was determined by assessing the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant, the number of times the platform was crossed, escape latency, and mean path length and was found to be significantly reduced in the diabetic rats. Hyperglycemia resulted in notable brain injury, including histological changes and apoptosis in the cortex and hippocampus. The expression levels of NOX2 and NOX4 were significantly upregulated at the protein and mRNA levels, and NOX1 expression was not altered in the diabetic rats. NOX and caspase-3 activities were increased, and caspase-3 expression was upregulated in the brain tissue of diabetic rats. OMT treatment dose-dependently reversed behavioral, biochemical, and molecular changes in the diabetic rats. In vitro, high glucose resulted in increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS), MDA levels, apoptosis, and the expressions of NOX2, NOX4, and caspase-3. siRNA-mediated knockdown of NOX2 and NOX4 decreased NOX2 and NOX4 expression levels, respectively, and reduced ROS levels and apoptosis. The results of the present study suggest that OMT alleviates diabetes-associated cognitive decline, oxidative stress, and apoptosis via NOX2 and NOX4 inhibition.
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Waghela BN, Vaidya FU, Agrawal Y, Santra MK, Mishra V, Pathak C. Molecular insights of NADPH oxidases and its pathological consequences. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:218-234. [PMID: 32975319 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), formed by the partial reduction of oxygen, were for a long time considered to be a byproduct of cellular metabolism. Since, increase in cellular levels of ROS results in oxidative stress leading to damage of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids resulting in numerous pathological conditions; ROS was considered a bane for aerobic species. Hence, the discovery of NADPH oxidases (NOX), an enzyme family that specifically generates ROS as its prime product came as a surprise to redox biologists. NOX family proteins participate in various cellular functions including cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of genes and protein expression, apoptosis, and host defence immunological response. Balanced expression and activation of NOX with subsequent production of ROS are critically important to regulate various genes and proteins to maintain homeostasis of the cell. However, dysregulation of NOX activation leading to enhanced ROS levels is associated with various pathophysiologies including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, ageing, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Although our current knowledge on NOX signifies its importance in the normal functioning of various cellular pathways; yet the choice of ROS producing enzymes which can tip the scale from homeostasis toward damage, as mediators of biological functions remain an oddity. Though the role of NOX in maintaining normal cellular functions is now deemed essential, yet its dysregulation leading to catastrophic events cannot be denied. Hence, this review focuses on the involvement of NOX enzymes in various pathological conditions imploring them as possible targets for therapies. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The NOXs are multi-subunit enzymes that generate ROS as a prime product. NOX generated ROS are usually regulated by various molecular factors and play a vital role in different physiological processes. The dysregulation of NOX activity is associated with pathological consequences. Recently, the dynamic proximity of NOX enzymes with different molecular signatures of pathologies has been studied extensively. It is essential to identify the precise role of NOX machinery in its niche during the progression of pathology. Although inhibition of NOX could be a promising approach for therapeutic interventions, it is critical to expand the current understanding of NOX's dynamicity and shed light on their molecular partners and regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav N Waghela
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Foram U Vaidya
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Yashika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vinita Mishra
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Chandramani Pathak
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Sun J, Chen J, Li T, Huang P, Li J, Shen M, Gao M, Sun Y, Liang J, Li X, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Shi X, Hu Y, Feng J, Jia H, Liu T, Sun X. ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction driven by PU.1-regulated NOX4-p22 phox activation in Aβ-induced retinal pigment epithelial cell injury. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:11637-11655. [PMID: 33052238 PMCID: PMC7546003 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, an essential pathological process in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), causes retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration driven mostly by oxidative stress. However, despite intense investigations, the extent to which overoxidation contributes to Aβ-mediated RPE damage and its potential mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Methods: We performed tandem mass-tagged (TMT) mass spectrometry (MS) and bioinformatic analysis of the RPE-choroid complex in an Aβ1-40-induced mouse model of retinal degeneration to obtain a comprehensive proteomic profile. Key regulators in this model were confirmed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, mitochondrial ROS assay, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) measurement, gene knockout experiment, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and luciferase assay. Results: A total of 4243 proteins were identified, 1069 of which were significantly affected by Aβ1-40 and found to be enriched in oxidation-related pathways by bioinformatic analysis. Moreover, NADPH oxidases were identified as hub proteins in Aβ1-40-mediated oxidative stress, as evidenced by mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species overproduction. By motif and binding site analyses, we found that the transcription factor PU.1/Spi1 acted as a master regulator of the activation of NADPH oxidases, especially the NOX4-p22phox complex. Also, PU.1 silencing impeded RPE oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and rescued the retinal structure and function. Conclusion: Our study suggests that PU.1 is a novel therapeutic target for AMD, and the regulation of PU.1 expression represents a potentially novel approach against excessive oxidative stress in Aβ-driven RPE injury.
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Abstract
Significance: The oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance in the production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is known to be involved in the development and progression of several pathologies. The excess of ROS production is often due to an overactivation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOX) and for this reason these enzymes became promising therapeutic targets. However, even if NOX are now well characterized, the development of new therapies is limited by the lack of highly isoform-specific inhibitors. Recent Advances: In the past decade, several groups and laboratories have screened thousands of molecules to identify new specific inhibitors with low off-target effects. These works have led to the characterization of several new potent NOX inhibitors; however, their specificity varies a lot depending on the molecules. Critical Issues: Here, we are reviewing more than 25 known NOX inhibitors, focusing mainly on the newly identified ones such as APX-115, NOS31, Phox-I1 and 2, GLX7013114, and GSK2795039. To have a better overall view of these molecules, the inhibitors were classified according to their specificity, from pan-NOX inhibitors to highly isoform-specific ones. We are also presenting the use of these compounds both in vitro and in vivo. Future Directions: Several of these new molecules are potent and very specific inhibitors that could be good candidates for the development of new drugs. Even if the results are very promising, most of these compounds were only validated in vitro or in mice models and further investigations will be required before using them as potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Chocry
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Ludovic Leloup
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), CNRS, Marseille, France
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Poznyak AV, Grechko AV, Orekhova VA, Khotina V, Ivanova EA, Orekhov AN. NADPH Oxidases and Their Role in Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070206. [PMID: 32664404 PMCID: PMC7399834 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current view on atherosclerosis positions it as a multifactorial disorder that results from the interplay between lipid metabolism disturbances and inflammatory processes. Oxidative stress is proven to be one of the initiating factors in atherosclerosis development, being implicated both in the inflammatory response and in atherogenic modifications of lipoproteins that facilitate lipid accumulation in the arterial wall. The hallmark of oxidative stress is the elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Correspondingly, the activity of major ROS-generating enzymes, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, xanthine oxidases, and cyclooxygenases, is an important element in atherosclerosis development. In particular, the role of NADPH oxidases in atherosclerosis development has become a subject of intensive research. Aberrant activity of NADPH oxidases was shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease in humans. With regard to atherosclerosis, several important pathological components of the disease development, including endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and vascular remodeling, involve aberrations in NADPH oxidases functioning. In humans, NADPH oxidases are represented by four isoforms expressed in vascular tissues, where they serve as the main source of ROS during atherogenesis. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated their impact on vascular remodeling processes. Interestingly, one of the NADPH oxidase isoforms, NOX4, was shown to have an atheroprotective effect. Despite the growing evidence of the crucial involvement of NADPH oxidases in atherosclerosis pathogenesis, the available data still remains controversial. In this narrative review, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of NADPH oxidases in atherosclerosis and outline the future directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V. Poznyak
- Department of Basic Research, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.P.); (E.A.I.)
| | - Andrey V. Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 14-3 Solyanka Street, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Varvara A. Orekhova
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 15A 3-rd Cherepkovskaya Street, 121552 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Victoria Khotina
- Laboratory of Infectious Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8, Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Ivanova
- Department of Basic Research, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.P.); (E.A.I.)
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Infectious Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8, Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +7-(495)-4159594
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Kim SY, Chae CW, Lee HJ, Jung YH, Choi GE, Kim JS, Lim JR, Lee JE, Cho JH, Park H, Park C, Han HJ. Sodium butyrate inhibits high cholesterol-induced neuronal amyloidogenesis by modulating NRF2 stabilization-mediated ROS levels: involvement of NOX2 and SOD1. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:469. [PMID: 32555166 PMCID: PMC7303181 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is currently being studied as a therapeutic strategy for neurological diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). Obesity results in the gut microbiota dysbiosis, which includes butyrate-producing bacteria are reduced. Although sodium butyrate (NaB) has emerged as the potential therapeutic substance in AD, there is a lack of detailed results into what signaling pathways affect amyloidogenesis in AD induced by obesity. Thus, we investigated the regulatory role of NaB on amyloidogenesis in neuronal cells under high cholesterol. In our results, we verified that increased amyloid β peptide (Aβ) accumulation in the brain of obese mice and a reduction in butyrate-producing bacteria due to the gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by obesity. We showed that NaB decreased the expression levels of beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and Aβ accumulation induced by high cholesterol in SK-N-MC cells. We demonstrated that NaB was absorbed in cells through sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SMCT1) and then inhibited high cholesterol-induced Aβ accumulation. Subsequently, we also observed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were overproduced because of increased NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression under high cholesterol. Meanwhile, NaB decreased NOX2 levels through a reduction of NF-κB activity, which ultimately inhibited Aβ accumulation caused by high cholesterol. We demonstrated that NaB increased the expression levels of p21 under high cholesterol, contributing to p21/NRF2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) colocalization, which leads to NRF2 stabilization. NRF2 stabilization causes NF-κB inactivation, followed by NOX2 suppression and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) upregulation. Thus, NaB with SOD1 silencing under high cholesterol did not eliminate excessive ROS, and eventually resulted in Aβ accumulation. In conclusion, we demonstrated that NaB prevents excessive ROS through NOX2 suppression and SOD1 upregulation by p21/NRF2 pathway, which is critical for inhibiting BACE1-dependent amyloidogenesis in neuronal cells exposed to high cholesterol environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yihl Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Chae
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gee Euhn Choi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ryong Lim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Eun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Cho
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu. Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, Korea
| | - Changho Park
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu. Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Wenxin Granule Ameliorates Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mitochondria via the PKC- δ/NOX2/ROS Pathway in H9c2 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3245483. [PMID: 32566078 PMCID: PMC7260629 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3245483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction and following reperfusion therapy-induced myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury have been recognized as an important subject of cardiovascular disease with high mortality. As the antiarrhythmic agent, Wenxin Granule (WXG) is widely used to arrhythmia and heart failure. In our pilot study, we found the antioxidative potential of WXG in the treatment of myocardial I/R. This study is aimed at investigating whether WXG could treat cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury by inhibiting oxidative stress in mitochondria. The H9c2 cardiomyocyte cell line was subject to H/R stimuli to mimic I/R injury in vitro. WXG was added to the culture medium 24 h before H/R exposing as pretreatment. Protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ) inhibitor rottlerin or PKC-δ lentivirus vectors were conducted on H9c2 cells to downregulate or overexpress PKC-δ protein. Then, the cell viability, oxidative stress levels, intracellular and mitochondrial ROS levels, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis index were analyzed. In addition, PKC-δ protein expression in each group was verified by western blot analysis. Compared with the control group, the PKC-δ protein level was significantly increased in the H/R group, which was remarkably improved by WXG or rottlerin. PKC-δ lentivirus vector-mediated PKC-δ overexpression was not reduced by WXG. WXG significantly improved H/R-induced cell injury, lower levels of SOD and GSH/GSSG ratio, higher levels of MDA, intracellular and mitochondrial ROS content, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP loss, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, NOX2 activation, cytochrome C release, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3 increasing, and cell apoptosis. Similar findings were obtained from rottlerin treatment. However, the protective effects of WXG were abolished by PKC-δ overexpression, indicating that PKC-δ was a potential target of WXG treatment. Our findings demonstrated a novel mechanism by which WXG attenuated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction of H9c2 cells induced by H/R stimulation via inhibitory regulation of PKC-δ/NOX2/ROS signaling.
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NADPH oxidases: Pathophysiology and therapeutic potential in age-associated pulmonary fibrosis. Redox Biol 2020; 33:101541. [PMID: 32360174 PMCID: PMC7251244 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been associated with a number of human fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Although oxidative stress is associated with both fibrosis and aging, the precise cellular sources(s) of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute to the disease pathogenesis remain poorly understood. NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes are an evolutionarily conserved family, where their only known function is the production of ROS. A growing body of evidence supports a link between excessive Nox-derived ROS and numerous chronic diseases (including fibrotic disease), which is most prevalent among the elderly population. In this review, we examine the evidence for Nox isoforms in the pathogenesis of IPF, and the potential to target this enzyme family for the treatment of IPF and related fibrotic disorders. A better understanding of the Nox-mediated redox imbalance in aging may be critical to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for age-associated fibrotic disorders. Strategies aimed at specifically blocking the source(s) of ROS through Nox inhibition may prove to be more effective as anti-fibrotic therapies, as compared to antioxidant approaches. This review also discusses the potential of Nox-targeting therapeutics currently in development.
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Dimauro I, Paronetto MP, Caporossi D. Exercise, redox homeostasis and the epigenetic landscape. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101477. [PMID: 32127290 PMCID: PMC7284912 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise represents one of the strongest physiological stimuli capable to induce functional and structural modifications in all biological systems. Indeed, beside the traditional genetic mechanisms, physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications, namely DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification and non-coding RNA transcripts. Initially considered as merely damaging molecules, it is now well recognized that both reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) produced under voluntary exercise play an important role as regulatory mediators in signaling processes. While robust scientific evidences highlight the role of exercise-associated redox modifications in modulating gene expression through the genetic machinery, the understanding of their specific impact on epigenomic profile is still at an early stage. This review will provide an overview of the role of ROS and RNS in modulating the epigenetic landscape in the context of exercise-related adaptations. Physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic regulation of ROS/RNS generating, sensing and neutralizing enzymes can impact the cellular levels of ROS and RNS. ROS might act as modulators of epigenetic machinery, interfering with DNA methylation, hPTMs and ncRNAs expression. Redox homeostasis might hold a relevant role in the epigenetic landscape modulating exercise-related adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy.
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Lian Q, Yan S, Yin Q, Yan C, Zheng W, Gu W, Zhao X, Fan W, Li X, Ma L, Ling Z, Zhang Y, Liu J, Li J, Sun B. TRIM34 attenuates colon inflammation and tumorigenesis by sustaining barrier integrity. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:350-362. [PMID: 32094504 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of the colonic inner mucus layer leads to spontaneously severe colitis and colorectal cancer. However, key host factors that may control the generation of the inner mucus layer are rarely reported. Here, we identify a novel function of TRIM34 in goblet cells (GCs) in controlling inner mucus layer generation. Upon DSS treatment, TRIM34 deficiency led to a reduction in Muc2 secretion by GCs and subsequent defects in the inner mucus layer. This outcome rendered TRIM34-deficient mice more susceptible to DSS-induced colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Mechanistic experiments demonstrated that TRIM34 controlled TLR signaling-induced Nox/Duox-dependent ROS synthesis, thereby promoting the compound exocytosis of Muc2 by colonic GCs that were exposed to bacterial TLR ligands. Clinical analysis revealed that TRIM34 levels in patient samples were correlated with the outcome of ulcerative colitis (UC) and the prognosis of rectal adenocarcinoma. This study indicates that TRIM34 expression in GCs plays an essential role in generating the inner mucus layer and preventing excessive colon inflammation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoshi Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shanshan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chenghua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wanwei Zheng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wangpeng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xinhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Weiguo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xuezhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Liyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhiyang Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yaguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jinsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Kushwaha PP, Gupta S, Singh AK, Prajapati KS, Shuaib M, Kumar S. MicroRNA Targeting Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidases in Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:267-284. [PMID: 31656079 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production occurs primarily in the mitochondria as a by-product of cellular metabolism. ROS are also produced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases in response to growth factors and cytokines by normal physiological signaling pathways. NADPH oxidase, a member of NADPH oxidase (NOX) family, utilizes molecular oxygen (O2) to generate ROS such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. Imbalance between ROS production and its elimination is known to be the major cause of various human diseases. NOX family proteins are exclusively involved in ROS production, which makes them attractive target(s) for the treatment of ROS-mediated diseases including cancer. Recent Advances: Molecules such as Keap1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors, nuclear factor-kappaB, KRAS, kallistatin, gene associated with retinoic-interferon-induced mortality-19, and deregulated metabolic pathways are involved in ROS production in association with NADPH oxidase. Critical Issues: Therapeutic strategies targeting NADPH oxidases in ROS-driven cancers are not very effective due to its complex regulatory circuit. Tumor suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs) viz. miR-34a, miR-137, miR-99a, and miR-21a-3p targeting NADPH oxidases are predominantly downregulated in ROS-driven cancers. miRNAs also regulate other cellular machineries such as Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and NMDA receptors involved in ROS production and consequently drug resistance. Here, we discuss the structure, function, and metabolic role of NADPH oxidase, NOX family protein-protein interaction, their association with other pathways, and NADPH oxidase alteration by miRNAs. Moreover, we also discuss and summarize studies on NADPH oxidase associated with various malignancies and their therapeutic implications. Future Directions: Targeting NADPH oxidases through miRNAs appears to be a promising strategy for the treatment of ROS-driven cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- The James and Eilleen Dicke Laboratory, Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Divison of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Kumari Sunita Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Mohd Shuaib
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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Do VQ, Park KH, Seo YS, Park JM, Kim B, Kim SK, Sung JH, Lee MY. Inhalation exposure to cigarette smoke induces endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and enhances vascular collagen deposition in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:110988. [PMID: 31759066 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is an acknowledged risk factor for vascular disorders, and vascular complication is a main outcome of diabetes. Hence, we investigated the impact of cigarette smoke on blood vessels in diabetes, postulating that smoking might aggravate diabetic vascular impairment. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, cigarette smoke-exposed, diabetic, and cigarette smoke-exposed diabetic groups. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were exposed to cigarette smoke by inhalation at total particulate matter concentration of 200 μg/L for 4 h/day, 5 day/week for a total of 4 weeks. Diabetes caused structural change of aorta, but additional cigarette smoke exposure did not induce further alteration. Collagen, a marker for fibrosis, was increased in media of diabetic aorta, and this increase was augmented by cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling in the diabetic group. Malondialdehyde was increased and glutathione was decreased in blood from diabetes, but these effects were not exaggerated by cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke caused NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 expression in diabetic aorta and enhanced diabetes-induced NOX4 expression in aorta. Taken together, cigarette smoke exposure can aggravate vascular fibrosis and induce eNOS uncoupling in diabetes under experimental condition, suggesting that smoking might exacerbate diabetic vascular impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Quan Do
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyuck Sung
- Bio Technology Division, Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Weiskirchen R, Meurer SK, Liedtke C, Huber M. Mast Cells in Liver Fibrogenesis. Cells 2019; 8:E1429. [PMID: 31766207 PMCID: PMC6912398 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells of the myeloid lineage that are present in the connective tissue throughout the body and in mucosa tissue. They originate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow and circulate as MC progenitors in the blood. After migration to various tissues, they differentiate into their mature form, which is characterized by a phenotype containing large granules enriched in a variety of bioactive compounds, including histamine and heparin. These cells can be activated in a receptor-dependent and -independent manner. Particularly, the activation of the high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor, also known as FcεRI, that is expressed on the surface of MCs provoke specific signaling cascades that leads to intracellular calcium influx, activation of different transcription factors, degranulation, and cytokine production. Therefore, MCs modulate many aspects in physiological and pathological conditions, including wound healing, defense against pathogens, immune tolerance, allergy, anaphylaxis, autoimmune defects, inflammation, and infectious and other disorders. In the liver, MCs are mainly associated with connective tissue located in the surrounding of the hepatic arteries, veins, and bile ducts. Recent work has demonstrated a significant increase in MC number during hepatic injury, suggesting an important role of these cells in liver disease and progression. In the present review, we summarize aspects of MC function and mediators in experimental liver injury, their interaction with other hepatic cell types, and their contribution to the pathogenesis of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Steffen K. Meurer
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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46
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Wortel RC, Mizrachi A, Li H, Markovsky E, Enyedi B, Jacobi J, Brodsky O, Cao J, Lippert AR, Incrocci L, Mulhall JP, Haimovitz-Friedman A. Sildenafil Protects Endothelial Cells From Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress. J Sex Med 2019; 16:1721-1733. [PMID: 31585804 PMCID: PMC7269093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The etiology of radiation-induced erectile dysfunction (ED) is complex and multifactorial, and it appears to be mainly atherogenic. Aim: To focus on vascular aspects of radiation-induced ED and to elucidate whether the protective effects of sildenafil are mediated by attenuation of oxidative stress and apoptosis in the endothelial cells. Methods: Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs), with or without pretreatment of sildenafil (5 μM at 5 minutes before radiation), were used to test endothelial dysfunction in response to external beam radiation at 10e15 Gy. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was studied. Extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was measured using the Amplex Red assay and intracellular H2O2 using a fluorescent sensor. In addition, ROS superoxide (O2•-) was measured using a O2•- chemiluminescence enhancer. Both H2O2 and O2•- are known to reduce the bioavailability of nitric oxide, which is the most significant chemical mediator of penile erection. Generation of cellular peroxynitrite (ONOO−) was measured using a chemiluminescence assay with the PNCL probe. Subsequently, we measured the activation of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) enzyme by radioenzymatic assay using [14C-methylcholine] sphingomyelin as substrate, and the generation of the proapoptotic C16-ceramide was assessed using the diacylglycerol kinase assay. Endothelial cells apoptosis was measured as a readout of these cells’ dysfunction. Main Outcome Measures: Single high-dose radiation therapy induced NADPH oxidases (NOXs) activation and ROS generation via the proapoptotic ASMase/ceramide pathway. The radio-protective effect of sildenafil on BAECs was due to inhibition of this pathway. Results: Here, we demonstrate for the first time that radiation activated NOXs and induced generation of ROS in BAECs. In addition, we showed that sildenafil significantly reduced radiation-induced O2•- and as a result there was reduction in the generation of peroxynitrite in these cells. Subsequently, sildena fil protected the endothelial cells from radiation therapy-induced apoptosis. Strengths and Limitations: This is the first study demonstrating that single high-dose radiation therapy induced NOXs activation, resulting in the generation of O2•- and peroxynitrite in endothelial cells. Sildenafil reduced ROS generation by inhibiting the ASMase/ceramide pathway. These studies should be followed in an animal model of ED. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that sildenafil protects BAECs from radiation-induced oxidative stress by reducing NOX-induced ROS generation, thus resulting in decreased endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, it provides a potential mechanism to better understand the atherogenic etiology of postradiation ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Wortel
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Mizrachi
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - H Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Markovsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Enyedi
- Department of Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Jacobi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Hematopathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - O Brodsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - J Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A R Lippert
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - L Incrocci
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J P Mulhall
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Haimovitz-Friedman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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47
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Histone Acetyltransferase-Dependent Pathways Mediate Upregulation of NADPH Oxidase 5 in Human Macrophages under Inflammatory Conditions: A Potential Mechanism of Reactive Oxygen Species Overproduction in Atherosclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3201062. [PMID: 31565149 PMCID: PMC6745143 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3201062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation plays a major role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Monocyte-derived macrophages express functional NADPH oxidase 5 (Nox5) that contributes to oxidative stress in atherogenesis. The mechanisms of Nox5 regulation are not entirely elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of key histone acetyltransferase subtypes (p300, HAT1) in human atherosclerosis and to determine their role in mediating the upregulation of Nox5 in macrophages under inflammatory conditions. Human nonatherosclerotic and atherosclerotic tissue samples were collected in order to determine the expression of p300 and HAT1 isoforms, H3K27ac, and Nox5. In vitro determinations were done on human macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide in the absence or presence of histone acetyltransferase inhibitors. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, transfection, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were employed. The protein levels of p300 and HAT1 isoforms, H3K27ac, and Nox5 were found significantly elevated in human atherosclerotic specimens. Immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence staining revealed that p300, HAT1, H3K27ac, H3K9ac, and Nox5 proteins were colocalized in the area of CD45+/CD68+ immune cells and lipid-rich deposits within human atherosclerotic plaques. Lipopolysaccharide induced the levels of HAT1, H3K27ac, H3K9ac, and Nox5 and the recruitment of p300 and HAT1 at the sites of active transcription within Nox5 gene promoter in cultured human macrophages. Pharmacological inhibition of histone acetyltransferase significantly reduced the Nox5 gene and protein expression in lipopolysaccharide-challenged macrophages. The overexpression of p300 or HAT1 enhanced the Nox5 gene promoter activity. The histone acetyltransferase system is altered in human atherosclerosis. Under inflammatory conditions, HAT subtypes control Nox5 overexpression in cultured human macrophages. The data suggest the existence of a new epigenetic mechanism underlying oxidative stress in atherosclerosis.
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48
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Zhou P, Chen X, Li M, Tan J, Zhang Y, Yuan W, Zhou J, Wang G. 2-D08 as a SUMOylation inhibitor induced ROS accumulation mediates apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells possibly through the deSUMOylation of NOX2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:1063-1069. [PMID: 31010676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous clonal hematopoietic malignancy with poor survival and frequent relapse. Recently, a posttranslational modification of proteins with small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO) has been notably implicated in a wide spectrum of diseases, especially cancers. Ubc9, as the sole E2-conjugating enzyme in SUMOylation cascade, particularly has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes. 2-D08, a small molecular agent, functions by blocking the transfer of SUMO from the Ubc9 thioester to SUMO substrates without any effects on other individual steps in this process. However, both the effects and mechanisms of 2-D08 on AML cells are still unknown. In this study, we found that 2-D08 significantly suppressed cell viability and colony formation ability. Additionally, it induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis with dramatic accumulation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could be almost completely rescued by the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Furthermore, we confirmed that the fatal accumulation of ROS was due to its aberrant generation instead of defective scavenging. In summary, our results suggest that 2-D08, as a specific SUMOylation inhibitor, induces ROS accumulation-mediated intrinsic apoptosis of AML cells possibly through deSUMOylation of NOX2. Therefore, 2-D08 might be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of AML in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gaoxiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Celaya AM, Sánchez-Pérez I, Bermúdez-Muñoz JM, Rodríguez-de la Rosa L, Pintado-Berninches L, Perona R, Murillo-Cuesta S, Varela-Nieto I. Deficit of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) accelerates progressive hearing loss. eLife 2019; 8:39159. [PMID: 30938680 PMCID: PMC6464786 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) such as p38 and the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are activated during the cellular response to stress signals. Their activity is regulated by the MAPK-phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), a key component of the anti-inflammatory response. Stress kinases are well-described elements of the response to otic injury and the otoprotective potential of JNK inhibitors is being tested in clinical trials. By contrast, there are no studies exploring the role of DUSP1 in hearing and hearing loss. Here we show that Dusp1 expression is age-regulated in the mouse cochlea. Dusp1 gene knock-out caused premature progressive hearing loss, as confirmed by auditory evoked responses in Dusp1-/- mice. Hearing loss correlated with cell death in hair cells, degeneration of spiral neurons and increased macrophage infiltration. Dusp1-/- mouse cochleae showed imbalanced redox status and dysregulated expression of cytokines. These data suggest that DUSP1 is essential for cochlear homeostasis in the response to stress during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaida M Celaya
- Institute for Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), CIBER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez-Pérez
- Institute for Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), CIBER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedicine Unit UCLM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Bermúdez-Muñoz
- Institute for Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), CIBER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodríguez-de la Rosa
- Institute for Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), CIBER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Pintado-Berninches
- Institute for Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Perona
- Institute for Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), CIBER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Murillo-Cuesta
- Institute for Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), CIBER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Institute for Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Spanish National Research Council-Autonomous University of Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), CIBER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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50
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De Bessa TC, Pagano A, Moretti AIS, Oliveira PVS, Mendonça SA, Kovacic H, Laurindo FRM. Subverted regulation of Nox1 NADPH oxidase-dependent oxidant generation by protein disulfide isomerase A1 in colon carcinoma cells with overactivated KRas. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:143. [PMID: 30760703 PMCID: PMC6374413 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerases including PDIA1 are implicated in cancer progression, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. PDIA1 is known to support vascular Nox1 NADPH oxidase expression/activation. Since deregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production underlies tumor growth, we proposed that PDIA1 is an upstream regulator of tumor-associated ROS. We focused on colorectal cancer (CRC) with distinct KRas activation levels. Analysis of RNAseq databanks and direct validation indicated enhanced PDIA1 expression in CRC with constitutive high (HCT116) vs. moderate (HKE3) and basal (Caco2) Ras activity. PDIA1 supported Nox1-dependent superoxide production in CRC; however, we first reported a dual effect correlated with Ras-level activity: in Caco2 and HKE3 cells, loss-of-function experiments indicate that PDIA1 sustains Nox1-dependent superoxide production, while in HCT116 cells PDIA1 restricted superoxide production, a behavior associated with increased Rac1 expression/activity. Transfection of Rac1G12V active mutant into HKE3 cells induced PDIA1 to become restrictive of Nox1-dependent superoxide, while in HCT116 cells treated with Rac1 inhibitor, PDIA1 became supportive of superoxide. PDIA1 silencing promoted diminished cell proliferation and migration in HKE3, not detectable in HCT116 cells. Screening of cell signaling routes affected by PDIA1 silencing highlighted GSK3β and Stat3. Also, E-cadherin expression after PDIA1 silencing was decreased in HCT116, consistent with PDIA1 support of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Thus, Ras overactivation switches the pattern of PDIA1-dependent Rac1/Nox1 regulation, so that Ras-induced PDIA1 bypass can directly activate Rac1. PDIA1 may be a crucial regulator of redox-dependent adaptive processes related to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphany Coralie De Bessa
- LIM 64, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7051, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin - 13385 Marseille CEDEX 5-France, Marseille, France
| | - Alessandra Pagano
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7051, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin - 13385 Marseille CEDEX 5-France, Marseille, France
| | - Ana Iochabel Soares Moretti
- LIM 64, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Percillia Victoria Santos Oliveira
- LIM 64, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Samir Andrade Mendonça
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia do Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (Icesp), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Herve Kovacic
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7051, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin - 13385 Marseille CEDEX 5-France, Marseille, France.
| | - Francisco Rafael Martins Laurindo
- LIM 64, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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