1
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Yan T, Boatner LM, Cui L, Tontonoz PJ, Backus KM. Defining the Cell Surface Cysteinome Using Two-Step Enrichment Proteomics. JACS AU 2023; 3:3506-3523. [PMID: 38155636 PMCID: PMC10751780 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane proteome is a rich resource of functionally important and therapeutically relevant protein targets. Distinguished by high hydrophobicity, heavy glycosylation, disulfide-rich sequences, and low overall abundance, the cell surface proteome remains undersampled in established proteomic pipelines, including our own cysteine chemoproteomics platforms. Here, we paired cell surface glycoprotein capture with cysteine chemoproteomics to establish a two-stage enrichment method that enables chemoproteomic profiling of cell Surface Cysteinome. Our "Cys-Surf" platform captures >2,800 total membrane protein cysteines in 1,046 proteins, including 1,907 residues not previously captured by bulk proteomic analysis. By pairing Cys-Surf with an isotopic chemoproteomic readout, we uncovered 821 total ligandable cysteines, including known and novel sites. Cys-Surf also robustly delineates redox-sensitive cysteines, including cysteines prone to activation-dependent changes to cysteine oxidation state and residues sensitive to addition of exogenous reductants. Exemplifying the capacity of Cys-Surf to delineate functionally important cysteines, we identified a redox sensitive cysteine in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) that impacts both the protein localization and uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. Taken together, the Cys-Surf platform, distinguished by its two-stage enrichment paradigm, represents a tailored approach to delineate the functional and therapeutic potential of the plasma membrane cysteinome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Yan
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Lisa M. Boatner
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Liujuan Cui
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Peter J. Tontonoz
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Keriann M. Backus
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- DOE
Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson
Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Eli
and Edythe
Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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2
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Zhai W, Wang Z, Ye C, Ke L, Wang H, Liu H. IL-6 Mutation Attenuates Liver Injury Caused by Aeromonas hydrophila Infection by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17215. [PMID: 38139043 PMCID: PMC10743878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pleiotropic cytokine, plays a crucial role in acute stress induced by bacterial infection and is strongly associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, the role of IL-6 in the liver of fish after Aeromonas hydrophila infection remains unclear. Therefore, this study constructed a zebrafish (Danio rerio) il-6 knockout line by CRISPR/Cas9 to investigate the function of IL-6 in the liver post bacterial infection. After infection with A. hydrophila, pathological observation showed that il-6-/- zebrafish exhibited milder liver damage than wild-type (WT) zebrafish. Moreover, liver transcriptome sequencing revealed that 2432 genes were significantly up-regulated and 1706 genes were significantly down-regulated in il-6-/- fish compared with WT fish after A. hydrophila infection. Further, gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in redox-related terms, including oxidoreductase activity, copper ion transport, etc. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways such as the PPAR signaling pathway, suggesting that il-6 mutation has a significant effect on redox processes in the liver after A. hydrophila infection. Additionally, il-6-/- zebrafish exhibited lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the liver compared with WT zebrafish following A. hydrophila infection, indicating that IL-6 deficiency mitigates oxidative stress induced by A. hydrophila infection in the liver. These findings provide a basis for further studies on the role of IL-6 in regulating oxidative stress in response to bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Zhai
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.Y.); (L.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Zhensheng Wang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.Y.); (L.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Canxun Ye
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.Y.); (L.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Lan Ke
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.Y.); (L.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Huanling Wang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.Y.); (L.K.); (H.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.Y.); (L.K.); (H.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
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3
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Yan T, Boatner LM, Cui L, Tontonoz P, Backus KM. Defining the Cell Surface Cysteinome using Two-step Enrichment Proteomics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.17.562832. [PMID: 37904933 PMCID: PMC10614875 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.17.562832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane proteome is a rich resource of functional and therapeutically relevant protein targets. Distinguished by high hydrophobicity, heavy glycosylation, disulfide-rich sequences, and low overall abundance, the cell surface proteome remains undersampled in established proteomic pipelines, including our own cysteine chemoproteomics platforms. Here we paired cell surface glycoprotein capture with cysteine chemoproteomics to establish a two-stage enrichment method that enables chemoproteomic profiling of cell Surface Cysteinome. Our "Cys-Surf" platform captures >2,800 total membrane protein cysteines in 1,046 proteins, including 1,907 residues not previously captured by bulk proteomic analysis. By pairing Cys-Surf with an isotopic chemoproteomic readout, we uncovered 821 total ligandable cysteines, including known and novel sites. Cys-Surf also robustly delineates redox-sensitive cysteines, including cysteines prone to activation-dependent changes to cysteine oxidation state and residues sensitive to addition of exogenous reductants. Exemplifying the capacity of Cys-Surf to delineate functionally important cysteines, we identified a redox sensitive cysteine in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) that impacts both the protein localization and uptake of LDL particles. Taken together, the Cys-Surf platform, distinguished by its two-stage enrichment paradigm, represents a tailored approach to delineate the functional and therapeutic potential of the plasma membrane cysteinome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Yan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (USA)
| | - Lisa M. Boatner
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (USA)
| | - Liujuan Cui
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (USA)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (USA)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Keriann M. Backus
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (USA)
- DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (USA)
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (USA)
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (USA)
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4
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Novak M, Vajrychova M, Koutsilieri S, Sismanoglou DC, Kobrlova T, Prchal L, Svobodova B, Korabecny J, Zarybnicky T, Raisova-Stuchlikova L, Skalova L, Lauschke VM, Kučera R, Soukup O. Tacrine First-Phase Biotransformation and Associated Hepatotoxicity: A Possible Way to Avoid Quinone Methide Formation. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1993-2002. [PMID: 37622522 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Tacrine was withdrawn from clinical use as a drug against Alzheimer's disease in 2013, mainly due to drug-induced liver injury. The culprit of tacrine-associated hepatotoxicity is believed to be the 7-OH-tacrine metabolite, a possible precursor of quinone methide (Qmeth), which binds to intracellular -SH proteins. In our study, several different animal and human models (liver microsomes, primary hepatocytes, and liver slices) were used to investigate the biotransformation and hepatotoxicity of tacrine and its 7-substituted analogues (7-methoxy-, 7-phenoxy-, and 7-OH-tacrine). Our goal was to find the most appropriate in vitro model for studying tacrine hepatotoxicity and, through rational structure modifications, to develop derivatives of tacrine that are less prone to Qmeth formation. Our results show that none of animal models tested accurately mimic human tacrine biotransformation; however, the murine model seems to be more suitable than the rat model. Tacrine metabolism was overall most accurately mimicked in three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cultures of primary human hepatocytes (PHHs). In this system, tacrine and 7-methoxytacrine were hydroxylated to 7-OH-tacrine, whereas 7-phenoxytacrine formed, as expected, only trace amounts. Surprisingly, however, our study showed that 7-OH-tacrine was the least hepatotoxic (7-OH-tacrine < tacrine < 7-methoxytacrine < 7-phenoxytacrine) even after doses had been adjusted to achieve the same intracellular concentrations. The formation of Qmeth-cysteine and Qmeth-glutathione adducts after human liver microsome incubation was confirmed by all of the studied tacrine derivatives, but these findings were not confirmed after incubation with 3D PHH spheroids. Therefore, the presented data call into question the suggested previously hypothesized mechanism of toxicity, and the results open new avenues for chemical modifications to improve the safety of novel tacrine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Novak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Vajrychova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Stefania Koutsilieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Tereza Kobrlova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Prchal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Svobodova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Zarybnicky
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Raisova-Stuchlikova
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Skalova
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Radim Kučera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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5
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Stanhope SC, Brandwine-Shemmer T, Blum HR, Doud EH, Jannasch A, Mosley AL, Minke B, Weake VM. Proteome-wide quantitative analysis of redox cysteine availability in the Drosophila melanogaster eye reveals oxidation of phototransduction machinery during blue light exposure and age. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102723. [PMID: 37146512 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The retina is one of the highest oxygen-consuming tissues because visual transduction and light signaling processes require large amounts of ATP. Thus, because of the high energy demand, oxygen-rich environment, and tissue transparency, the eye is susceptible to excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress in the eye is associated with the development and progression of ocular diseases including cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. ROS can modify and damage cellular proteins, but can also be involved in redox signaling. In particular, the thiol groups of cysteines can undergo reversible or irreversible oxidative post-translational modifications (PTMs). Identifying the redox-sensitive cysteines on a proteome-wide scale provides insight into those proteins that act as redox sensors or become irreversibly damaged upon exposure to oxidative stress. In this study, we profiled the redox proteome of the Drosophila eye under prolonged, high intensity blue light exposure and age using iodoacetamide isobaric label sixplex reagents (iodo-TMT) to identify changes in cysteine availability. Although redox metabolite analysis of the major antioxidant, glutathione, revealed similar ratios of its oxidized and reduced form in aged or light-stressed eyes, we observed different changes in the redox proteome under these conditions. Both conditions resulted in significant oxidation of proteins involved in phototransduction and photoreceptor maintenance but affected distinct targets and cysteine residues. Moreover, redox changes induced by blue light exposure were accompanied by a large reduction in light sensitivity that did not arise from a reduction in the photopigment level, suggesting that the redox-sensitive cysteines we identified in the phototransduction machinery might contribute to light adaptation. Our data provide a comprehensive description of the redox proteome of Drosophila eye tissue under light stress and aging and suggest how redox signaling might contribute to light adaptation in response to acute light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Stanhope
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Tal Brandwine-Shemmer
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Hannah R Blum
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Emma H Doud
- Center for Proteome Analysis, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Amber Jannasch
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Amber L Mosley
- Center for Proteome Analysis, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Baruch Minke
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Vikki M Weake
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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6
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Zhang S, Qian C, Li H, Zhao Z, Xian J, Yang D. Structure-activity relationship of a housefly neuroprotective dodecapeptide that activates the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway. J Nat Med 2023; 77:96-108. [PMID: 36136205 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01650-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroprotective antioxidants, especially peptide-based antioxidants, are effective against oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we measured the neuroprotective effects of the antioxidant peptide DFTPVCTTELGR (DR12) from housefly Musca domestica L. pupae. Treatment of PC12 and HT22 cells with DR12 significantly reduced glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Peptide DR12 appeared to exert its neuroprotective effects by attenuating production of reactive oxygen species and malonaldehyde, upregulating the endogenous antioxidants superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and reversing the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, DR12 treatment activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway. Structure-activity analysis indicated that the superior neuroprotective function of DR12 was related to its cysteine residue. In summary, DR12 may be an attractive therapeutic peptide or precursor to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunguo Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianchun Xian
- Guangdong Museum of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Depo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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7
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Vajrychova M, Salovska B, Pimkova K, Fabrik I, Hodny Z. SILAC-IodoTMT for Assessment of the Cellular Proteome and Its Redox Status. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2603:259-268. [PMID: 36370286 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2863-8_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and iodoacetyl tandem mass tag (iodoTMT) are well-implemented mass spectrometry-based approaches for quantification of proteins and for site-mapping of cysteine modification. We describe here a combination of SILAC and iodoTMT to assess ongoing changes in the global proteome and cysteine modification levels using liquid chromatography separation coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vajrychova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Salovska
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristyna Pimkova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Fabrik
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Hodny
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
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8
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Pimkova K, Jassinskaja M, Munita R, Ciesla M, Guzzi N, Cao Thi Ngoc P, Vajrychova M, Johansson E, Bellodi C, Hansson J. Quantitative analysis of redox proteome reveals oxidation-sensitive protein thiols acting in fundamental processes of developmental hematopoiesis. Redox Biol 2022; 53:102343. [PMID: 35640380 PMCID: PMC9157258 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal and adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are characterized by distinct redox homeostasis that may influence their differential cellular behavior in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. In this work, we have applied a quantitative mass spectrometry-based redox proteomic approach to comprehensively describe reversible cysteine modifications in primary mouse fetal and adult HSPCs. We defined the redox state of 4,438 cysteines in fetal and adult HSPCs and demonstrated a higher susceptibility to oxidation of protein thiols in fetal HSPCs. Our data identified ontogenic changes to oxidation state of thiols in proteins with a pronounced role in metabolism and protein homeostasis. Additional redox proteomic analysis identified oxidation changes to thiols acting in mitochondrial respiration as well as protein homeostasis to be triggered during onset of MLL-ENL leukemogenesis in fetal HSPCs. Our data has demonstrated that redox signaling contributes to the regulation of fundamental processes of developmental hematopoiesis and has pinpointed potential targetable redox-sensitive proteins in in utero-initiated MLL-rearranged leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pimkova
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; BIOCEV, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - M Jassinskaja
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - R Munita
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Ciesla
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - N Guzzi
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Cao Thi Ngoc
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Vajrychova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - E Johansson
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - C Bellodi
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Hansson
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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9
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Desai HS, Yan T, Yu F, Sun AW, Villanueva M, Nesvizhskii AI, Backus KM. SP3-Enabled Rapid and High Coverage Chemoproteomic Identification of Cell-State-Dependent Redox-Sensitive Cysteines. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100218. [PMID: 35219905 PMCID: PMC9010637 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinaceous cysteine residues act as privileged sensors of oxidative stress. As reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been implicated in numerous pathophysiological processes, deciphering which cysteines are sensitive to oxidative modification and the specific nature of these modifications is essential to understanding protein and cellular function in health and disease. While established mass spectrometry-based proteomic platforms have improved our understanding of the redox proteome, the widespread adoption of these methods is often hindered by complex sample preparation workflows, prohibitive cost of isotopic labeling reagents, and requirements for custom data analysis workflows. Here, we present the SP3-Rox redox proteomics method that combines tailored low cost isotopically labeled capture reagents with SP3 sample cleanup to achieve high throughput and high coverage proteome-wide identification of redox-sensitive cysteines. By implementing a customized workflow in the free FragPipe computational pipeline, we achieve accurate MS1-based quantitation, including for peptides containing multiple cysteine residues. Application of the SP3-Rox method to cellular proteomes identified cysteines sensitive to the oxidative stressor GSNO and cysteine oxidation state changes that occur during T cell activation. High-coverage Cys oxidation state quantification using custom isotopic probes. FragPipe-IonQuant accurately quantifies Cys labeling comparably to Skyline. PTMProphet enables site-of-labeling localization for multi-Cys–containing peptides. SP3-Rox identifies changes in Cys oxidation during T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heta S Desai
- Biological Chemistry Department, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tianyang Yan
- Biological Chemistry Department, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fengchao Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alexander W Sun
- Biological Chemistry Department, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Miranda Villanueva
- Biological Chemistry Department, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Keriann M Backus
- Biological Chemistry Department, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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10
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Sod1 integrates oxygen availability to redox regulate NADPH production and the thiol redoxome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2023328119. [PMID: 34969852 PMCID: PMC8740578 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023328119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Sod1) is a key antioxidant enzyme, and its importance is underscored by the fact that its ablation in cell and animal models results in oxidative stress; metabolic defects; and reductions in cell proliferation, viability, and lifespan. Curiously, Sod1 detoxifies superoxide radicals (O2•−) in a manner that produces an oxidant as byproduct, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). While much is known about the necessity of scavenging O2•−, it is less clear what the physiological roles of Sod1-derived H2O2 are. We discovered that Sod1-derived H2O2 plays an important role in antioxidant defense by stimulating the production of NADPH, a vital cellular reductant required for reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes, as well as redox regulating a large network of enzymes. Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Sod1) is a highly conserved and abundant antioxidant enzyme that detoxifies superoxide (O2•−) by catalyzing its conversion to dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian cells, we discovered that a major aspect of the antioxidant function of Sod1 is to integrate O2 availability to promote NADPH production. The mechanism involves Sod1-derived H2O2 oxidatively inactivating the glycolytic enzyme, GAPDH, which in turn reroutes carbohydrate flux to the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway (oxPPP) to generate NADPH. The aerobic oxidation of GAPDH is dependent on and rate-limited by Sod1. Thus, Sod1 senses O2 via O2•− to balance glycolytic and oxPPP flux, through control of GAPDH activity, for adaptation to life in air. Importantly, this mechanism for Sod1 antioxidant activity requires the bulk of cellular Sod1, unlike for its role in protection against O2•− toxicity, which only requires <1% of total Sod1. Using mass spectrometry, we identified proteome-wide targets of Sod1-dependent redox signaling, including numerous metabolic enzymes. Altogether, Sod1-derived H2O2 is important for antioxidant defense and a master regulator of metabolism and the thiol redoxome.
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11
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Salovska B, Kondelova A, Pimkova K, Liblova Z, Pribyl M, Fabrik I, Bartek J, Vajrychova M, Hodny Z. Peroxiredoxin 6 protects irradiated cells from oxidative stress and shapes their senescence-associated cytokine landscape. Redox Biol 2021; 49:102212. [PMID: 34923300 PMCID: PMC8688892 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a complex stress response defined as an essentially irreversible cell cycle arrest mediated by the inhibition of cell cycle-specific cyclin dependent kinases. The imbalance in redox homeostasis and oxidative stress have been repeatedly observed as one of the hallmarks of the senescent phenotype. However, a large-scale study investigating protein oxidation and redox signaling in senescent cells in vitro has been lacking. Here we applied a proteome-wide analysis using SILAC-iodoTMT workflow to quantitatively estimate the level of protein sulfhydryl oxidation and proteome level changes in ionizing radiation-induced senescence (IRIS) in hTERT-RPE-1 cells. We observed that senescent cells mobilized the antioxidant system to buffer the increased oxidation stress. Among the antioxidant proteins with increased relative abundance in IRIS, a unique 1-Cys peroxiredoxin family member, peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), was identified as an important contributor to protection against oxidative stress. PRDX6 silencing increased ROS production in senescent cells, decreased their resistance to oxidative stress-induced cell death, and impaired their viability. Subsequent SILAC-iodoTMT and secretome analysis after PRDX6 silencing showed the downregulation of PRDX6 in IRIS affected protein secretory pathways, decreased expression of extracellular matrix proteins, and led to unexpected attenuation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The latter was exemplified by decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 which was also confirmed after treatment with an inhibitor of PRDX6 iPLA2 activity, MJ33. In conclusion, by combining different methodological approaches we discovered a novel role of PRDX6 in senescent cell viability and SASP development. Our results suggest PRDX6 could have a potential as a drug target for senolytic or senomodulatory therapy. SILAC-iodoTMT is a powerful tool to quantify redox imbalance in IRIS. Senescence in hTERT-RPE-1 cells is not accompanied by bulk cysteine oxidation. Antioxidant proteins are upregulated in senescent hTERT-RPE-1 cells. PRDX6 silencing affects redox homeostasis and viability of senescent cells. PRDX6 silencing alters secretome of senescent RPE-1 cells and suppresses IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Salovska
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Kondelova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Pimkova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Liblova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Pribyl
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Fabrik
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Genome Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Vajrychova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenek Hodny
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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12
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Long MJC, Huang KT, Aye Y. The not so identical twins: (dis)similarities between reactive electrophile and oxidant sensing and signaling. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12269-12291. [PMID: 34779447 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00467k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this tutorial review, we compare and contrast the chemical mechanisms of electrophile/oxidant sensing, and the molecular mechanisms of signal propagation. We critically analyze biological systems in which these different pathways are believed to be manifest and what the data really mean. Finally, we discuss applications of this knowledge to disease treatment and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuan-Ting Huang
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Yimon Aye
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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13
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Fan J, Li Q, Chen L, Du J, Xue W, Yu S, Su X, Yang Y. Research Progress in the Synthesis of Targeting Organelle Carbon Dots and Their Applications in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:1891-1916. [PMID: 34706792 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With increasing knowledge about diseases at the histological, cytological to sub-organelle level, targeting organelle therapy has gradually been envisioned as an approach to overcome the shortcomings of poor specificity and multiple toxic side effects on tissues and cell-level treatments using the currently available therapy. Organelle carbon dots (CDs) are a class of functionalized CDs that can target organelles. CDs can be prepared by a "synchronous in situ synthesis method" and "asynchronous modification method." The superior optical properties and good biocompatibility of CDs can be preserved, and they can be used as targeting particles to carry drugs into cells while reducing leakage during transport. Given the excellent organelle fluorescence imaging properties, targeting organelle CDs can be used to monitor the physiological metabolism of organelles and progression of human diseases, which will provide advanced understanding and accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment of cancers. This study reviews the methods used for preparation of targeting organelle CDs, mechanisms of accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment of cancer, as well as their application in the area of cancer diagnosis and treatment research. Finally, the current difficulties and prospects for targeting organelle CDs are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Fan
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Interventional Treatment Department, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jinglei Du
- Interventional Treatment Department, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Wenqiang Xue
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shiping Yu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiuqin Su
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yongzhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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14
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Sinharoy P, McFarland KS, Majewska NI, Betenbaugh MJ, Handlogten MW. Redox as a bioprocess parameter: analytical redox quantification in biological therapeutic production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 71:49-54. [PMID: 34243034 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most widely utilized cell line for protein-based therapeutics production at industrial scales. Process development strategies which improve production capacity and quality are often implemented without an understanding of underlying intracellular changes. Intracellular redox conditions drive reactions in pathways critical to biologics production, including bioenergetic and biosynthetic pathways, necessitating methods to quantify redox-related changes. Advances in methods for analytical redox quantification presented here, including bioreactor probes, redox-targeted proteomics, genetically encoded redox-sensitive fluorescent proteins, and biochemical assays, are creating new opportunities to characterize the effects of redox in biologics production. Implementing these methods will lead to enhanced media formulations, improved bioprocess strategies, and new cell line engineering targets and ultimately develop redox into an optimizable bioprocess parameter to improve the yield and quality of these lifesaving medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Sinharoy
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Kevin S McFarland
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Natalia I Majewska
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Michael J Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Michael W Handlogten
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA.
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15
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Willems P, Van Breusegem F, Huang J. Contemporary proteomic strategies for cysteine redoxome profiling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:110-124. [PMID: 33793888 PMCID: PMC8154054 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein cysteine residues are susceptible to oxidative modifications that can affect protein functions. Proteomic techniques that comprehensively profile the cysteine redoxome, the repertoire of oxidized cysteine residues, are pivotal towards a better understanding of the protein redox signaling. Recent technical advances in chemical tools and redox proteomic strategies have greatly improved selectivity, in vivo applicability, and quantification of the cysteine redoxome. Despite this substantial progress, still many challenges remain. Here, we provide an update on the recent advances in proteomic strategies for cysteine redoxome profiling, compare the advantages and disadvantages of current methods and discuss the outstanding challenges and future perspectives for plant redoxome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Willems
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Comprehensive proteomic investigation of infectious and inflammatory changes in late preterm prelabour rupture of membranes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17696. [PMID: 33077789 PMCID: PMC7573586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes beyond the 34th week of gestation (late PPROM) is frequently associated with the risk of the microbial invasion of the amniotic fluid (MIAC) and histological chorioamnionitis (HCA). Hence, we employed a Tandem Mass Tag-based approach to uncover amniotic fluid proteome response to the presence of MIAC and HCA in late PPROM. Protein dysregulation was associated with only five cases in the group of 15 women with confirmed MIAC and HCA. Altogether, 138 amniotic fluid proteins were changed in these five cases exclusively. These proteins were particularly associated with excessive neutrophil responses to infection, such as neutrophil degranulation and extracellular trap formation. We believe that the quantification of these proteins in amniotic fluid may assist in revealing women with the highest risk of excessive inflammatory response in late PPROM.
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17
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A quantitative thiol reactivity profiling platform to analyze redox and electrophile reactive cysteine proteomes. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:2891-2919. [PMID: 32690958 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine is unique among all protein-coding amino acids, owing to its intrinsically high nucleophilicity. The cysteinyl thiol group can be covalently modified by a broad range of redox mechanisms or by various electrophiles derived from exogenous or endogenous sources. Measuring the response of protein cysteines to redox perturbation or electrophiles is critical for understanding the underlying mechanisms involved. Activity-based protein profiling based on thiol-reactive probes has been the method of choice for such analyses. We therefore adapted this approach and developed a new chemoproteomic platform, termed 'QTRP' (quantitative thiol reactivity profiling), that relies on the ability of a commercially available thiol-reactive probe IPM (2-iodo-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)acetamide) to covalently label, enrich and quantify the reactive cysteinome in cells and tissues. Here, we provide a detailed and updated workflow of QTRP that includes procedures for (i) labeling of the reactive cysteinome from cell or tissue samples (e.g., control versus treatment) with IPM, (ii) processing the protein samples into tryptic peptides and tagging the probe-modified peptides with isotopically labeled azido-biotin reagents containing a photo-cleavable linker via click chemistry reaction, (iii) capturing biotin-conjugated peptides with streptavidin beads, (iv) identifying and quantifying the photo-released peptides by mass spectrometry (MS)-based shotgun proteomics and (v) interpreting MS data by a streamlined informatic pipeline using a proteomics software, pFind 3, and an automatic post-processing algorithm. We also exemplified here how to use QTRP for mining H2O2-sensitive cysteines and for determining the intrinsic reactivity of cysteines in a complex proteome. We anticipate that this protocol should find broad applications in redox biology, chemical biology and the pharmaceutical industry. The protocol for sample preparation takes 3 d, whereas MS measurements and data analyses require 75 min and <30 min, respectively, per sample.
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18
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Yu J, Li Y, Qin Z, Guo S, Li Y, Miao Y, Song C, Chen S, Dai S. Plant Chloroplast Stress Response: Insights from Thiol Redox Proteomics. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:35-57. [PMID: 31989831 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Plant chloroplasts generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) during photosynthesis, especially under stresses. The sulfhydryl groups of protein cysteine residues are susceptible to redox modifications, which regulate protein structure and function, and thus different signaling and metabolic processes. The ROS-governed protein thiol redox switches play important roles in chloroplasts. Recent Advances: Various high-throughput thiol redox proteomic approaches have been developed, and they have enabled the improved understanding of redox regulatory mechanisms in chloroplasts. For example, the thioredoxin-modulated antioxidant enzymes help to maintain cellular ROS homeostasis. The light- and dark-dependent redox regulation of photosynthetic electron transport, the Calvin/Benson cycle, and starch biosynthesis ensures metabolic coordination and efficient energy utilization. In addition, redox cascades link the light with the dynamic changes of metabolites in nitrate and sulfur assimilation, shikimate pathway, and biosynthesis of fatty acid hormone as well as purine, pyrimidine, and thiamine. Importantly, redox regulation of tetrapyrrole and chlorophyll biosynthesis is critical to balance the photodynamic tetrapyrrole intermediates and prevent oxidative damage. Moreover, redox regulation of diverse elongation factors, chaperones, and kinases plays an important role in the modulation of gene expression, protein conformation, and posttranslational modification that contribute to photosystem II (PSII) repair, state transition, and signaling in chloroplasts. Critical Issues: This review focuses on recent advances in plant thiol redox proteomics and redox protein networks toward understanding plant chloroplast signaling, metabolism, and stress responses. Future Directions: Using redox proteomics integrated with biochemical and molecular genetic approaches, detailed studies of cysteine residues, their redox states, cross talk with other modifications, and the functional implications will yield a holistic understanding of chloroplast stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Yu
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi Qin
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Shaojun Dai
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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19
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Shi Y, Carroll KS. Activity-Based Sensing for Site-Specific Proteomic Analysis of Cysteine Oxidation. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:20-31. [PMID: 31869209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative post-translational modifications (OxiPTMs) of cysteine residues are the molecular foundation of thiol-based redox regulation that modulates physiological events such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration and, when dysregulated, can lead to biomolecule damage and cell death. Common OxiPTMs of cysteine thiols (-SH) include reversible modifications such as S-sulfenylation (-SOH), S-glutathionylation (-SSG), disulfide formation (-SSR), S-nitrosylation (-SNO), and S-sulfhydration (-SSH) as well as more biologically stable modifications like S-sulfinylation (-SO2H) and S-sulfonylation (-SO3H). In the past decade, our laboratory has developed first-in-class chemistry-based tools and proteomic methods to advance the field of thiol-based redox biology and oxidative stress. In this Account, we take the reader through the historical aspects of probe development and application in our laboratory, highlighting key advances in our understanding of sulfur chemistry, in the test tube and in living systems. Offering superior resolution, throughput, accuracy, and reproducibility, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics coupled to chemoselective "activity-based" small-molecule probes is the most rigorous technique for global mapping of cysteine OxiPTMs. Herein, we describe the evolution of this field from indirect detection to state-of-the-art site-centric quantitative chemoproteomic approaches that enable mapping of physiological and pathological changes in cysteine oxidation. These methods enable protein and site-level identification, mechanistic studies, mapping fold-changes, and modification stoichiometry. In particular, this Account focuses on activity-based methods for profiling S-sulfenylation, S-sulfinylation, and S-sulfhydration with an eye toward new reactions and methodologies developed in our group as well as their applications that have shed new light on fundamental processes of redox biology. Among several classes of sulfenic acid probes, dimedone-based C-nucleophiles possess superior chemical selectivity and compatibility with tandem MS. Cell-permeable dimedone derivatives with a bioconjugation handle are capable of detecting of S-sulfenylation in living cells. In-depth screening of a C-nucleophile library has yielded several entities with significantly enhanced reactivity over dimedone while maintaining selectivity, and reversible linear C-nucleophiles that enable controlled target release. C-Nucleophiles have also been implemented in tag-switch methods to detect S-sulfhydration. Most recently, activity-based detection of protein S-sulfinylation with electrophilic nitrogen species (ENS), such as C-nitroso compounds and electron deficient diazines, offers significant advantages in simplicity-of-use and target specificity compared to label-free methods. When feasible, the rich information provided by site-centric quantitative proteomics should not be tainted by oxidation artifacts from cell lysis. Therefore, chemoselective probes that function in a native environment with low cytotoxicity, good cell-permeability, and competitive kinetics are desired in modern redox chemoproteomics approaches. As our understanding of sulfur chemistry and redox signaling evolves, newly discovered cysteine OxiPTMs in microorganisms, plants, cells, tissues, and disease models should innovatively promote mechanistic and therapeutic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Shi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Kate S. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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