1
|
Zhang Y, Huang S, Xie B, Zhong Y. Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Glaucoma. Aging Dis 2024; 15:546-564. [PMID: 37725658 PMCID: PMC10917531 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the most serious risk factors for glaucoma, and according to age-standardized prevalence, glaucoma is the second leading cause of legal blindness worldwide. Cellular senescence is a hallmark of aging that is defined by a stable exit from the cell cycle in response to cellular damage and stress. The potential mechanisms underlying glaucomatous cellular senescence include oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, defective autophagy/mitophagy, and epigenetic modifications. These phenotypes interact and generate a sufficiently stable network to maintain the cell senescent state. Senescent trabecular meshwork (TM) cells, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and vascular endothelial cells reportedly accumulate with age and stress and may contribute to glaucoma pathologies. Therapies targeting the suppression or elimination of senescent cells have been found to ameliorate RGC death and improve vision in glaucoma models, suggesting the pivotal role of cellular senescence in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. In this review, we explore the biological links between aging and glaucoma, specifically delving into cellular senescence. Moreover, we summarize the current data on cellular senescence in key target cells associated with the development and clinical phenotypes of glaucoma. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting cellular senescence for the management of glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shouyue Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bing Xie
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Yisheng Zhong () and Bing Xie (), Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yisheng Zhong
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Yisheng Zhong () and Bing Xie (), Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yalaz C, Bridges E, Alham NK, Zois CE, Chen J, Bensaad K, Miar A, Pires E, Muschel RJ, McCullagh JSO, Harris AL. Cone photoreceptor phosphodiesterase PDE6H inhibition regulates cancer cell growth and metabolism, replicating the dark retina response. Cancer Metab 2024; 12:5. [PMID: 38350962 PMCID: PMC10863171 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-023-00326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PDE6H encodes PDE6γ', the inhibitory subunit of the cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase 6 in cone photoreceptors. Inhibition of PDE6, which has been widely studied for its role in light transduction, increases cGMP levels. The purpose of this study is to characterise the role of PDE6H in cancer cell growth. METHODS From an siRNA screen for 487 genes involved in metabolism, PDE6H was identified as a controller of cell cycle progression in HCT116 cells. Role of PDE6H in cancer cell growth and metabolism was studied through the effects of its depletion on levels of cell cycle controllers, mTOR effectors, metabolite levels, and metabolic energy assays. Effect of PDE6H deletion on tumour growth was also studied in a xenograft model. RESULTS PDE6H knockout resulted in an increase of intracellular cGMP levels, as well as changes to the levels of nucleotides and key energy metabolism intermediates. PDE6H knockdown induced G1 cell cycle arrest and cell death and reduced mTORC1 signalling in cancer cell lines. Both knockdown and knockout of PDE6H resulted in the suppression of mitochondrial function. HCT116 xenografts revealed that PDE6H deletion, as well as treatment with the PDE5/6 inhibitor sildenafil, slowed down tumour growth and improved survival, while sildenafil treatment did not have an additive effect on slowing the growth of PDE6γ'-deficient tumours. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the changes in cGMP and purine pools, as well as mitochondrial function which is observed upon PDE6γ' depletion, are independent of the PKG pathway. We show that in HCT116, PDE6H deletion replicates many effects of the dark retina response and identify PDE6H as a new target in preventing cancer cell proliferation and tumour growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Yalaz
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Medical Oncology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Esther Bridges
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Medical Oncology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Nasullah K Alham
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Christos E Zois
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Medical Oncology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Jianzhou Chen
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Karim Bensaad
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Medical Oncology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ana Miar
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Elisabete Pires
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ruth J Muschel
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - James S O McCullagh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Medical Oncology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gandar C, Scott JG, Warren N. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and psychotic disorders: A systematic review. World J Biol Psychiatry 2024; 25:151-159. [PMID: 38044502 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2023.2290563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G6PD) is the most common enzymopathy globally. Early studies suggested an association with severe psychotic illness; however, changes to laboratory testing and diagnostic classification renders the association unclear. This study aims to explore the interaction between G6PD deficiency and psychotic symptoms, in particular to identify specific patterns of presentation or impact on outcomes. METHODS Pubmed, Embase, and PsycInfo databases were searched from inception to May 2023. Descriptive statistics and narrative review of were used to synthesise data on demographics, mental and physical health diagnoses, investigations, treatment, and outcomes. RESULTS No clear link was found in published data (eight case reports, case series of n = 29) with a high rate (63%) of haemolytic crisis at the time of psychiatric presentation suggested delirium as an alternative diagnosis. Four case control studies found no significant difference in the prevalence of G6PD deficiency. However, catatonic presentation was reported in 40% of the case series and a higher prevalence of G6PD deficiency in catatonic schizophrenia was noted in case control studies. CONCLUSIONS Based on the information available there was no clear association between G6PD deficiency and psychotic illness or treatment resistance, although paucity of studies and risk of bias limit strong conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Gandar
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James G Scott
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia
| | - Nicola Warren
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Drake DM, Zhen D, Kerrebijn I, Or B, Gao S, Afsharian K, Tran J, Bhatia S, Cheng A, Wells PG. Breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) protection in altered gene expression and neurodevelopmental disorders due to physiological and ethanol-enhanced reactive oxygen species formation. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:272-284. [PMID: 37541454 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The breast cancer 1 (Brca1) susceptibility gene regulates the repair of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated DNA damage, which is implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. Alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) exposure during pregnancy causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), including abnormal brain function, associated with enhanced ROS-initiated DNA damage. Herein, oxidative DNA damage in fetal brains and neurodevelopmental disorders were enhanced in saline-exposed +/- vs. +/+ Brca1 littermates. A single EtOH exposure during gestation further enhanced oxidative DNA damage, altered the expression of developmental/DNA damage response genes in fetal brains, and resulted in neurodevelopmental disorders, all of which were BRCA1-dependent. Pretreatment with the ROS inhibitor phenylbutylnitrone (PBN) blocked DNA damage and some neurodevelopmental disorders in both saline- and EtOH-exposed progeny, corroborating a ROS-dependent mechanism. Fetal BRCA1 protects against altered gene expression and neurodevelopmental disorders caused by both physiological and EtOH-enhanced levels of ROS formation. BRCA1 deficiencies may enhance the risk for FASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Drake
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danlin Zhen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabel Kerrebijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Or
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophie Gao
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kian Afsharian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shama Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter G Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Glucose 6-P Dehydrogenase—An Antioxidant Enzyme with Regulatory Functions in Skeletal Muscle during Exercise. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193041. [PMID: 36231003 PMCID: PMC9563910 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomorphic Glucose 6-P dehydrogenase (G6PD) alleles, which cause G6PD deficiency, affect around one in twenty people worldwide. The high incidence of G6PD deficiency may reflect an evolutionary adaptation to the widespread prevalence of malaria, as G6PD-deficient red blood cells (RBCs) are hostile to the malaria parasites that infect humans. Although medical interest in this enzyme deficiency has been mainly focused on RBCs, more recent evidence suggests that there are broader implications for G6PD deficiency in health, including in skeletal muscle diseases. G6PD catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which provides the precursors of nucleotide synthesis for DNA replication as well as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). NADPH is involved in the detoxification of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and de novo lipid synthesis. An association between increased PPP activity and the stimulation of cell growth has been reported in different tissues including the skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney. PPP activity is increased in skeletal muscle during embryogenesis, denervation, ischemia, mechanical overload, the injection of myonecrotic agents, and physical exercise. In fact, the highest relative increase in the activity of skeletal muscle enzymes after one bout of exhaustive exercise is that of G6PD, suggesting that the activation of the PPP occurs in skeletal muscle to provide substrates for muscle repair. The age-associated loss in muscle mass and strength leads to a decrease in G6PD activity and protein content in skeletal muscle. G6PD overexpression in Drosophila Melanogaster and mice protects against metabolic stress, oxidative damage, and age-associated functional decline, and results in an extended median lifespan. This review discusses whether the well-known positive effects of exercise training in skeletal muscle are mediated through an increase in G6PD.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mondal A, Mukherjee S, Dar W, Upadhyay P, Ranganathan A, Pati S, Singh S. G6PD deficiency: imbalance of functional dichotomy contributing to the severity of COVID-19. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:1161-1170. [PMID: 35880537 PMCID: PMC9332910 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human COVID-19 has affected more than 491 million people worldwide. It has caused over 6.1 million deaths and has especially perpetrated a high number of casualties among the elderly and those with comorbid illnesses. COVID-19 triggers a pro-oxidant response, leading to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a common innate defense mechanism. However, ROS are regulated by a key enzyme called G6PD via the production of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which controls the generation and removal of ROS in a tissue-specific manner. Therefore, a deficiency of G6PD can lead to the dysregulation of ROS, which causes a severe inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients. This report highlights the G6PD dichotomy in the regulation of ROS and inflammatory responses, as well as its deficiency in severity among COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Mondal
- Department of Life Sciences, Neurobiology & Disease Modelling Laboratory, Host-Pathogen Interactions & Disease Modelling Group, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, 201314, India
| | - Soumyadeep Mukherjee
- Department of Life Sciences, Neurobiology & Disease Modelling Laboratory, Host-Pathogen Interactions & Disease Modelling Group, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, 201314, India
| | - Waseem Dar
- Department of Life Sciences, Neurobiology & Disease Modelling Laboratory, Host-Pathogen Interactions & Disease Modelling Group, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, 201314, India
| | - Prince Upadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, Neurobiology & Disease Modelling Laboratory, Host-Pathogen Interactions & Disease Modelling Group, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, 201314, India
| | - Anand Ranganathan
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Soumya Pati
- Department of Life Sciences, Neurobiology & Disease Modelling Laboratory, Host-Pathogen Interactions & Disease Modelling Group, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, 201314, India
| | - Shailja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhatia S, Arslan E, Rodriguez-Hernandez L, Bonin R, Wells PG. DNA damage and repair and epigenetic modification in the role of oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) in brain development. Toxicol Sci 2022; 187:93-111. [PMID: 35038743 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) repairs the predominant reactive oxygen species (ROS)-initiated DNA lesion 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG). Human OGG1 polymorphisms resulting in reduced DNA repair associate with an increased risk for disorders like cancer and diabetes, but the role of OGG1 in brain development is unclear. Herein, we show that Ogg1 knockout mice at 2-3 months of age exhibit enhanced gene- and sex-dependent DNA damage (strand breaks) and decreased epigenetic DNA methylation marks (5-methylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine), both of which were associated with increased cerebellar calbindin levels, reduced hippocampal postsynaptic function, altered body weight with age and disorders of brain function reflected in behavioural tests for goal-directed repetitive behaviour, anxiety and fear, object recognition and spatial memory, motor coordination and startle response. These results suggest that OGG1 plays an important role in normal brain development, possibly via both its DNA repair activity and its role as an epigenetic modifier, with OGG1 deficiencies potentially contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shama Bhatia
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eliyas Arslan
- Dept. of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luis Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Bonin
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter G Wells
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dept. of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Phosphorylated Form of the Histone H2AX (γH2AX) in the Brain from Embryonic Life to Old Age. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237198. [PMID: 34885784 PMCID: PMC8659122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The γ phosphorylated form of the histone H2AX (γH2AX) was described more than 40 years ago and it was demonstrated that phosphorylation of H2AX was one of the first cellular responses to DNA damage. Since then, γH2AX has been implicated in diverse cellular functions in normal and pathological cells. In the first part of this review, we will briefly describe the intervention of H2AX in the DNA damage response (DDR) and its role in some pivotal cellular events, such as regulation of cell cycle checkpoints, genomic instability, cell growth, mitosis, embryogenesis, and apoptosis. Then, in the main part of this contribution, we will discuss the involvement of γH2AX in the normal and pathological central nervous system, with particular attention to the differences in the DDR between immature and mature neurons, and to the significance of H2AX phosphorylation in neurogenesis and neuronal cell death. The emerging picture is that H2AX is a pleiotropic molecule with an array of yet not fully understood functions in the brain, from embryonic life to old age.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen Y, Li J, Ou Z, Zhang Y, Liang Z, Deng W, Huang W, Ouyang F, Yu J, Xing S, Zeng J. Association between aspirin-induced hemoglobin decline and outcome after acute ischemic stroke in G6PD-deficient patients. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:1206-1213. [PMID: 34369077 PMCID: PMC8446213 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The risk of hemoglobin decline induced by low‐dose aspirin in glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency remains unknown, and its influence on stroke outcome remains to be investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of G6PD deficiency on hemoglobin level during aspirin treatment and its association with outcome after acute ischemic stroke. Methods In total, 279 patients (40 G6PD‐deficient and 239 G6PD‐normal) with acute ischemic stroke treated with aspirin 100 mg/day from a cohort study were examined. The primary safety endpoint was a hemoglobin decline ≥25 g/L or 25% from baseline within 14 days after aspirin treatment. Poor outcomes were defined as a modified Rankin Scale score ≥2 at 3 months. The χ2 test was used to compare stroke outcomes, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the association between hemoglobin level and outcomes. Results The G6PD‐deficient group had lower baseline hemoglobin and tended to develop comorbid pulmonary infection more frequently (p < 0.05). The proportion of patients with hemoglobin decline ≥25 g/L or 25% from baseline (15.0% vs. 3.3%; p = 0.006) and anemia (30.0% vs. 14.6%; p = 0.016) after aspirin treatment was higher in the G6PD‐deficient group, which was accompanied by a more significant bilirubin increase. The rate of poor functional outcomes at 3 months after acute ischemic stroke was higher in the G6PD‐deficient group (Risk ratio = 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10–1.56]; p = 0.017). Confounder‐adjusted analysis showed that lower hemoglobin levels (odds ratio = 0.98 [95% CI = 0.96–0.99]; adjusted p = 0.009) increased the risk of poor functional outcomes. Conclusion Hemoglobin decrease with bilirubin increase after aspirin treatment in patients with G6PD deficiency suggests hemolysis, which may influence stroke prognosis. The risk of hemoglobin decline should be carefully monitored in G6PD‐deficient patients with ischemic stroke taking aspirin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianle Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilin Ou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weisheng Deng
- Department of Neurology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
| | - Weixian Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fubing Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihui Xing
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mondal A, Mukherjee S, Dar W, Singh S, Pati S. Role of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and its association to Autism Spectrum Disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166185. [PMID: 34087423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common group of neurodevelopmental disorders which causes significant alterations in social and communication skills along with repetitive behavior and limited interests. The physiological understanding of ASD is ambiguous. Several reports suggested that environmental, genetic and epigenetic changes, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic alterations orchestrate the pathological outcomes of ASD. A recent report from Saudi Arabia found a mutation in X-chromosomal housekeeping glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene in two male ASD patients. Although, the involvement of G6PD-deficiency in the pathogenesis of ASD is poorly understood. Several reports suggested that G6PD deficiency impedes cellular detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may result in neuronal damage and neuroinflammation. A deficiency of G6PD in newborn children may play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of ASD. In this review, we will discuss the implications of G6PD deficiency in pathogenesis, male biasness and theranostics in ASD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Mondal
- Neurobiology and Disease Modelling Laboratory, Host-Pathogen Interactions & Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida 201314, India
| | - Soumyadeep Mukherjee
- Neurobiology and Disease Modelling Laboratory, Host-Pathogen Interactions & Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida 201314, India
| | - Waseem Dar
- Neurobiology and Disease Modelling Laboratory, Host-Pathogen Interactions & Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida 201314, India
| | - Shailja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Soumya Pati
- Neurobiology and Disease Modelling Laboratory, Host-Pathogen Interactions & Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida 201314, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chun C, Smith AST, Kim H, Kamenz DS, Lee JH, Lee JB, Mack DL, Bothwell M, Clelland CD, Kim DH. Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles enhance the survival and electrophysiological function of human cortical neurons in vitro. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120700. [PMID: 33631652 PMCID: PMC8044026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are powerful tools for modeling neural pathophysiology and preclinical efficacy/toxicity screening of novel therapeutic compounds. However, human neurons cultured in vitro typically do not fully recapitulate the physiology of the human nervous system, especially in terms of exhibiting morphological maturation, longevity, and electrochemical signaling ability comparable to that of adult human neurons. In this study, we investigated the potential for astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) to modulate survival and electrophysiological function of human neurons in vitro. Specifically, we demonstrate that EVs obtained from human astrocytes promote enhanced single cell electrophysiological function and anti-apoptotic behavior in a homogeneous population of human iPSC-derived cortical neurons. Furthermore, EV-proteomic analysis was performed to identify cargo proteins with the potential to promote the physiological enhancement observed. EV cargos were found to include neuroprotective proteins such as heat shock proteins, alpha-synuclein, and lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), as well as apolipoprotein E (APOE), which negatively regulates neuronal apoptosis, and a peroxidasin homolog that supports neuronal oxidative stress management. Proteins that positively regulate neuronal excitability and synaptic development were also detected, such as potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 12 (KCTD12), glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), kinesin family member 5B (KIF5B), spectrin-alpha non-erythrocytic1 (SPTAN1). The remarkable improvements in electrophysiological function and evident inhibition of apoptotic signaling in cultured neurons exposed to these cargos may hold significance for improving preclinical in vitro screening modalities. In addition, our collected data highlight the potential for EV-based therapeutics as a potential class of future clinical treatment for tackling inveterate central and peripheral neuropathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changho Chun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alec S T Smith
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dana S Kamenz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jung Hyun Lee
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Division of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jong Bum Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - David L Mack
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Mark Bothwell
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Claire D Clelland
- Gladstone Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Aydemir D, Dağlıoğlu G, Candevir A, Kurtaran B, Bozdogan ST, Inal TC, Ulusu NN. COVID-19 may enhance risk of thrombosis and hemolysis in the G6PD deficient patients. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 40:505-517. [PMID: 33719907 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2021.1897457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has become a major public health problem since December, 2019 and no highly effective drug has been found until now. Numbers of infected people and deaths by COVID-19 are increasing every day worldwide, therefore self-isolation and protection are highly recommended to prevent the spread of the virus and especially to protect major risk groups such as the elderly population and people with comorbidities including diabetes, hypertension, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, young people without any secondary disease have died by COVID-19 as well. In this study we compared two male patients infected by COVID-19 at the same age and one of them was diagnosed with G6PD deficiency. Both COVID-19 and G6PD deficiency enhance the risk of hemolysis and thrombosis. Serum biochemistry, hemogram and immunological parameters showed that risk of hemolysis and thrombosis may increase in the G6PD deficient patient infected by COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Aydemir
- Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Dağlıoğlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Central Laboratory, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Aslihan Candevir
- Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Disease and Clinic Microbiology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Behice Kurtaran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sevcan Tan Bozdogan
- Faculty of Medicine, Head of Medical Genetics Department, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Tamer Cevat Inal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Nuray Ulusu
- Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|