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Zhou H, Wang X, She Z, Huang L, Wei H, Yang S, Wei Z, Chen H, Yang B, Hu Z, Feng X, Zhu P, Li Z, Shen J, Liu H, Dong H, Chen G, Zhang Q. Combining bioinformatics and multiomics strategies to investigate the key microbiota and active components of Liupao tea ameliorating hyperlipidemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118438. [PMID: 38848972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hyperlipidemia as a major health issue has attracted much public attention. As a geographical indication product of China, Liupao tea (LPT) is a typical representative of traditional Chinese dark tea that has shown good potential in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. LPT has important medicinal value in hyperlipidemia prevention. However, the active ingredients and metabolic mechanisms by which LPT alleviates hyperlipidemia remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to systematically investigate the metabolic mechanisms and active ingredients of LPT extract in alleviating hyperlipidemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, we developed a mouse model of hyperlipidemia to study the pharmacodynamics of LPT. Subsequently, network pharmacology and molecular docking were performed to predict the potential key active ingredients and core targets of LPT against hyperlipidemia. LC-MS/MS was used to validate the identity of key active ingredients in LPT with chemical standards. Finally, the effect and metabolic mechanisms of LPT extract in alleviating hyperlipidemia were investigated by integrating metabolomic, lipidomic, and gut microbiome analyses. RESULTS Results showed that LPT extract effectively improved hyperlipidemia by suppressing weight gain, remedying dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, and reducing hepatic damage. Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking suggested that four potential active ingredients and seven potential core targets were closely associated with roles for hyperlipidemia treatment. Ellagic acid, catechin, and naringenin were considered to be the key active ingredients of LPT alleviating hyperlipidemia. Additionally, LPT extract modulated the mRNA expression levels of Fxr, Cyp7a1, Cyp8b1, and Cyp27a1 associated with bile acid (BA) metabolism, mitigated the disturbances of BA and glycerophospholipid (GP) metabolism in hyperlipidemia mice. Combining fecal microbiota transplantation and correlation analysis, LPT extract effectively improved species diversity and abundance of gut microbiota, particularly the BA and GP metabolism-related gut microbiota, in the hyperlipidemia mice. CONCLUSIONS LPT extract ameliorated hyperlipidemia by modulating GP and BA metabolism by regulating Lactobacillus and Dubosiella, thereby alleviating hyperlipidemia. Three active ingredients of LPT served as the key factors in exerting an improvement on hyperlipidemia. These findings provide new insights into the active ingredients and metabolic mechanisms of LPT in improving hyperlipidemia, suggesting that LPT can be used to prevent and therapeutic hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xuancheng Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Zhiyong She
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Li Huang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Huijie Wei
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shanyi Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Zhijuan Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Bao Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases, Hubei Minzu University, Hubei, China.
| | - Zehua Hu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases, Hubei Minzu University, Hubei, China.
| | - Xue Feng
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Pingchuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Zijian Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jiahui Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Huanxiao Dong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Guanghui Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi, China.
| | - Qisong Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases, Hubei Minzu University, Hubei, China; Center for Instrumental Analysis, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China.
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2
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Olson KR, Clear KJ, Takata T, Gao Y, Ma Z, Pfaff E, Travlos A, Luu J, Wilson K, Joseph Z, Kyle I, Kasko SM, Jones Jr P, Fukuto J, Xian M, Wu G, Straub KD. Reaction Mechanisms of H 2S Oxidation by Naphthoquinones. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:619. [PMID: 38790724 PMCID: PMC11117753 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
1,4-naphthoquinones (NQs) catalytically oxidize H2S to per- and polysufides and sulfoxides, reduce oxygen to superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, and can form NQ-SH adducts through Michael addition. Here, we measured oxygen consumption and used sulfur-specific fluorophores, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and UV-Vis spectrometry to examine H2S oxidation by NQs with various substituent groups. In general, the order of H2S oxidization was DCNQ ~ juglone > 1,4-NQ > plumbagin >DMNQ ~ 2-MNQ > menadione, although this order varied somewhat depending on the experimental conditions. DMNQ does not form adducts with GSH or cysteine (Cys), yet it readily oxidizes H2S to polysulfides and sulfoxides. This suggests that H2S oxidation occurs at the carbonyl moiety and not at the quinoid 2 or 3 carbons, although the latter cannot be ruled out. We found little evidence from oxygen consumption studies or LC-MS/MS that NQs directly oxidize H2S2-4, and we propose that apparent reactions of NQs with inorganic polysulfides are due to H2S impurities in the polysulfides or an equilibrium between H2S and H2Sn. Collectively, NQ oxidation of H2S forms a variety of products that include hydropersulfides, hydropolysulfides, sulfenylpolysulfides, sulfite, and thiosulfate, and some of these reactions may proceed until an insoluble S8 colloid is formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Olson
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine—South Bend Center, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (T.T.); (Y.G.); (Z.M.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.W.); (Z.J.); (I.K.); (S.M.K.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Kasey J. Clear
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, IN 46615, USA;
| | - Tsuyoshi Takata
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine—South Bend Center, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (T.T.); (Y.G.); (Z.M.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.W.); (Z.J.); (I.K.); (S.M.K.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine—South Bend Center, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (T.T.); (Y.G.); (Z.M.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.W.); (Z.J.); (I.K.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Zhilin Ma
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine—South Bend Center, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (T.T.); (Y.G.); (Z.M.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.W.); (Z.J.); (I.K.); (S.M.K.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Ella Pfaff
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine—South Bend Center, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (T.T.); (Y.G.); (Z.M.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.W.); (Z.J.); (I.K.); (S.M.K.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Anthony Travlos
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine—South Bend Center, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (T.T.); (Y.G.); (Z.M.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.W.); (Z.J.); (I.K.); (S.M.K.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jennifer Luu
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine—South Bend Center, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (T.T.); (Y.G.); (Z.M.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.W.); (Z.J.); (I.K.); (S.M.K.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Katherine Wilson
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine—South Bend Center, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (T.T.); (Y.G.); (Z.M.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.W.); (Z.J.); (I.K.); (S.M.K.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Zachary Joseph
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine—South Bend Center, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (T.T.); (Y.G.); (Z.M.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.W.); (Z.J.); (I.K.); (S.M.K.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Ian Kyle
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine—South Bend Center, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (T.T.); (Y.G.); (Z.M.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.W.); (Z.J.); (I.K.); (S.M.K.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Stephen M. Kasko
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine—South Bend Center, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (T.T.); (Y.G.); (Z.M.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.W.); (Z.J.); (I.K.); (S.M.K.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Prentiss Jones Jr
- Toxicology Department, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA;
| | - Jon Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA;
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Karl D. Straub
- Central Arkansas Veteran’s Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
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Ong CB, Annuar MSM. Potentialities of Tannase-Treated Green Tea Extract in Nutraceutical and Therapeutic Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04946-y. [PMID: 38713339 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Green tea has garnered widespread interest in the past decades due to its content of health-beneficial polyphenols and catechins, besides reportedly exhibiting activities for the prevention, and possibly treatment, of many modern-life-associated afflictions. Hence, the functional food potential of health-beneficial beverages such as green tea is widely and commercially promoted. Biotransformation of green tea extract using enzymes such as tannase ostensibly enhances its beneficial well-being properties and disease-preventing functionalities. The tannase-treated green tea catechins may exhibit enhanced, amongst others, antioxidant, anti-tumour, anti-wrinkle, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti-sarcopenia properties compared to native green tea extract. Nonetheless, the health benefits and therapeutic and toxicological effects associated with these compounds, before and after tannase treatment, present a scientific gap for detailed studies. Accordingly, the review surveys the literature from the late twentieth century until the year 2023 related to the aforementioned important aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Boon Ong
- School of Science and Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, International University of Malaya-Wales, 50480, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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4
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Derry PJ, Liopo AV, Mouli K, McHugh EA, Vo ATT, McKelvey A, Suva LJ, Wu G, Gao Y, Olson KR, Tour JM, Kent TA. Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide to Polysulfide and Thiosulfate by a Carbon Nanozyme: Therapeutic Implications with an Emphasis on Down Syndrome. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2211241. [PMID: 37272655 PMCID: PMC10696138 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a noxious, potentially poisonous, but necessary gas produced from sulfur metabolism in humans. In Down Syndrome (DS), the production of H2 S is elevated and associated with degraded mitochondrial function. Therefore, removing H2 S from the body as a stable oxide could be an approach to reducing the deleterious effects of H2 S in DS. In this report we describe the catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) to polysulfides (HS2+n - ) and thiosulfate (S2 O3 2- ) by poly(ethylene glycol) hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG-HCCs) and poly(ethylene glycol) oxidized activated charcoal (PEG-OACs), examples of oxidized carbon nanozymes (OCNs). We show that OCNs oxidize H2 S to polysulfides and S2 O3 2- in a dose-dependent manner. The reaction is dependent on O2 and the presence of quinone groups on the OCNs. In DS donor lymphocytes we found that OCNs increased polysulfide production, proliferation, and afforded protection against additional toxic levels of H2 S compared to untreated DS lymphocytes. Finally, in Dp16 and Ts65DN murine models of DS, we found that OCNs restored osteoclast differentiation. This new action suggests potential facile translation into the clinic for conditions involving excess H2 S exemplified by DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Derry
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Science, Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 2121 W. Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas, USA
- EnMed, School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, 1020 W. Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anton V Liopo
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Science, Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 2121 W. Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, 77005, Texas, USA
| | - Karthik Mouli
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Science, Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 2121 W. Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emily A McHugh
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, 77005, Texas, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, 77005, Texas, USA
| | - Anh T T Vo
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Science, Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 2121 W. Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ann McKelvey
- Center for Inflammation and Infectious Disease, Department of Translational Medical Science, Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 2121 W. Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA
| | - Larry J Suva
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843, Texas, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Division of Hematology, Internal Medicine, John P. and Kathrine G. McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston, Houston, 77005, Texas, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, 46617, Indiana, USA
| | - Kenneth R Olson
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, 46617, Indiana, USA
| | - James M Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, 77005, Texas, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, 77005, Texas, USA
- Welch Institute for Advanced Materials, Rice University, Houston, 77005, Texas, USA
- The NanoCarbon Center, Rice University, Houston, 77005, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas A Kent
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Science, Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 2121 W. Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, 77005, Texas, USA
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA
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5
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Park H, Yoon SJ, Nam YS, Lee JY, Lee Y, Kim JY, Lee KB. Novel H 2S sensing mechanism derived from the formation of oligomeric sulfide capping the surface of gold nanourchins. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33028-33037. [PMID: 38025876 PMCID: PMC10631460 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05527b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A gold nanourchin (AuNU) probe with a novel sensing mechanism for monitoring H2S was developed as a feasible colorimetric sensor. In this study, AuNUs that are selectively responsive to H2S were fabricated in the presence of trisodium citrate and 1,4-hydroquinone using a seed-mediated approach. Upon exposure of the AuNU solution to H2S, the hydrosulfide ions (HS-) in the solution are converted into oligomeric sulfides by 1,4-hydroquinone used as a reducing agent during the synthesis of AuNUs. The oligomeric sulfides formed in the AuNU solution upon the addition of H2S were found to coat the surface of the AuNUs, introducing a blue shift in absorption accompanied by a color change in the solution from sky blue to light green. This colorimetric alteration by the capping of oligomeric sulfides on the surface of AuNUs is unique compared to well-known color change mechanisms, such as aggregation, etching, or growth of nanoparticles. The novel H2S sensing mechanism of the AuNUs was characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and atom probe tomography. H2S was reliably monitored with two calibration curves comprising two sections with different slopes according to the low (0.3-15 μM) and high (15.0-300 μM) concentration range using the optimized AuNU probe, and a detection limit of 0.29 μM was obtained in tap water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Park
- Climate and Environmental Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Yoon
- Climate and Environmental Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sik Nam
- Advanced Analysis and Data Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Hwarangno 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Lee
- Advanced Analysis and Data Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Hwarangno 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhee Lee
- Advanced Analysis and Data Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Hwarangno 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Climate and Environmental Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Bong Lee
- Climate and Environmental Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
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García-Rodríguez MDC, Hernández-Cortés LM, Mendoza-Núñez VM, Arenas-Huertero F. Effects of green tea polyphenols against metal-induced genotoxic damage: underlying mechanistic pathways. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2023; 26:371-386. [PMID: 37306405 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2224119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is based upon evidence from the published effects of green tea polyphenols (GTP) on genotoxic damage induced by metals with carcinogenic potential. First, the relationship between GTP and antioxidant defense system is provided. Subsequently, the processes involved in the oxidative stress generated by metals and their relationship to oxidative DNA damage is examined. The review demonstrated that GTP generally decrease oxidative DNA damage induced by exposure to metals such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), and lead (Pb). The pathways involved in these effects are related to: (1) direct scavenging of free radicals (FR); (2) activation of mechanisms to repair oxidative DNA damage; (3) regulation of the endogenous antioxidant system; and (4) elimination of cells with genetic damage via apoptosis. The results obtained in the studies reviewed demonstrate potential for possible use of GTP to prevent and treat oxidative damage in populations exposed to metals. Further, GTP may be considered as adjuvants to treatments for metal-associated diseases related to oxidative stress and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Carmen García-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Antimutagénesis, Anticarcinogénesis Y Antiteratogénesis Ambiental, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Montserrat Hernández-Cortés
- Laboratorio de Antimutagénesis, Anticarcinogénesis Y Antiteratogénesis Ambiental, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez
- Unidad de Investigación En Gerontología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Arenas-Huertero
- Laboratorio de Investigación En Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Phuah YQ, Chang SK, Ng WJ, Lam MQ, Ee KY. A review on matcha: Chemical composition, health benefits, with insights on its quality control by applying chemometrics and multi-omics. Food Res Int 2023; 170:113007. [PMID: 37316075 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This review discussed the origin, manufacturing process, chemical composition, factors affecting quality and health benefits of matcha (Camellia sinensis), and the application of chemometrics and multi-omics in the science of matcha. The discussion primarily distinguishes between matcha and regular green tea with processing and compositional factors, and demonstrates beneficial health effects of consuming matcha. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was adopted to search for relevant information in this review. Boolean operators were incorporated to explore related sources in various databases. Notably, climate, cultivar, maturity of tea leaves, grinding process and brewing temperature impact on the overall quality of matcha. Besides, sufficient shading prior to harvesting significantly increases the contents of theanine and chlorophyll in the tea leaves. Furthermore, the ground whole tea leaf powder delivers matcha with the greatest benefits to the consumers. The health promoting benefits of matcha are mainly contributed by its micro-nutrients and the antioxidative phytochemicals, specifically epigallocatechin-gallate, theanine and caffeine. Collectively, the chemical composition of matcha affected its quality and health benefits significantly. To this end, more studies are required to elucidate the biological mechanisms of these compounds for human health. Chemometrics and multi-omics technologies are useful to fill up the research gaps identified in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qian Phuah
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia; Centre for Biomedical and Nutrition Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Wen Jie Ng
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia; Centre for Biomedical and Nutrition Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ming Quan Lam
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia; Centre for Agriculture and Food Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Kah Yaw Ee
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia; Centre for Agriculture and Food Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
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8
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James A, Wang K, Wang Y. Therapeutic Activity of Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on Metabolic Diseases and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases: The Current Updates. Nutrients 2023; 15:3022. [PMID: 37447347 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea polyphenols have numerous functions including antioxidation and modulation of various cellular proteins and are thus beneficial against metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, and their comorbidities. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol in green tea and is attributed to antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities, and the likelihood of targeting multiple metabolic pathways. It has been shown to exhibit anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-arteriosclerotic, and weight-reducing effects in humans. Worldwide, the incidences of metabolic diseases have been escalating across all age groups in modern society. Therefore, EGCG is being increasingly investigated to address the problems. This review presents the current updates on the effects of EGCG on metabolic diseases, and highlights evidence related to its safety. Collectively, this review brings more evidence for therapeutic application and further studies on EGCG and its derivatives to alleviate metabolic diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armachius James
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Makutupora Center, Dodoma P.O. Box 1676, Tanzania
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Rizhao Huawei Institute of Comprehensive Health Industries, Shandong Keepfit Biotech. Co., Ltd., Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Yousheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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9
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Lin H, Yu Y, Zhu L, Lai N, Zhang L, Guo Y, Lin X, Yang D, Ren N, Zhu Z, Dong Q. Implications of hydrogen sulfide in colorectal cancer: Mechanistic insights and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Redox Biol 2023; 59:102601. [PMID: 36630819 PMCID: PMC9841368 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important signaling molecule in colorectal cancer (CRC). It is produced in the colon by the catalytic synthesis of the colonocytes' enzymatic systems and the release of intestinal microbes, and is oxidatively metabolized in the colonocytes' mitochondria. Both endogenous H2S in colonic epithelial cells and exogenous H2S in intestinal lumen contribute to the onset and progression of CRC. The up-regulation of endogenous synthetases is thought to be the cause of the elevated H2S levels in CRC cells. Different diagnostic probes and combination therapies, as well as tumor treatment approaches through H2S modulation, have been developed in recent years and have become active area of investigation for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. In this review, we focus on the specific mechanisms of H2S production and oxidative metabolism as well as the function of H2S in the occurrence, progression, diagnosis, and treatment of CRC. We also discuss the present challenges and provide insights into the future research of this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, China; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, China
| | - Yixin Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Le Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, China
| | - Nannan Lai
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Luming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, China
| | - Xinxin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Dongqin Yang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China.
| | - Ning Ren
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, China; Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, And Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, China.
| | - Zhiling Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Qiongzhu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, China.
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10
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Olson KR, Derry PJ, Kent TA, Straub KD. The Effects of Antioxidant Nutraceuticals on Cellular Sulfur Metabolism and Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:68-94. [PMID: 35819295 PMCID: PMC9885552 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Nutraceuticals are ingested for health benefits, in addition to their general nutritional value. These dietary supplements have become increasingly popular since the late 20th century and they are a rapidly expanding global industry approaching a half-trillion U.S. dollars annually. Many nutraceuticals are promulgated as potent antioxidants. Recent Advances: Experimental support for the efficacy of nutraceuticals has lagged behind anecdotal exuberance. However, accumulating epidemiological evidence and recent, well-controlled clinical trials are beginning to support earlier animal and in vitro studies. Although still somewhat limited, encouraging results have been suggested in essentially all organ systems and against a wide range of pathophysiological conditions. Critical Issues: Health benefits of "antioxidant" nutraceuticals are largely attributed to their ability to scavenge oxidants. This has been criticized based on several factors, including limited bioavailability, short tissue retention time, and the preponderance of endogenous antioxidants. Recent attention has turned to nutraceutical activation of downstream antioxidant systems, especially the Keap1/Nrf2 (Kelch like ECH associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) axis. The question now becomes, how do nutraceuticals activate this axis? Future Directions: Reactive sulfur species (RSS), including hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its metabolites, are potent activators of the Keap1/Nrf2 axis and avid scavengers of reactive oxygen species. Evidence is beginning to accumulate that a variety of nutraceuticals increase cellular RSS by directly providing RSS in the diet, or through a number of catalytic mechanisms that increase endogenous RSS production. We propose that nutraceutical-specific targeting of RSS metabolism will lead to the design and development of even more efficacious antioxidant therapeutic strategies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 68-94.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Olson
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine—South Bend, South Bend, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Paul J. Derry
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas A. Kent
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karl D. Straub
- Central Arkansas Veteran's Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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11
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Cho JA, Roh YJ, Son HR, Choi H, Lee JW, Kim SJ, Lee CH. Assessment of the biofilm-forming ability on solid surfaces of periprosthetic infection-associated pathogens. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18669. [PMID: 36333517 PMCID: PMC9636376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is one of the leading causes of complications after surgery in clinical settings. In this study, we profiled the biofilm-forming ability of various periprosthetic infection-associated pathogens on medically relevant surfaces, polystyrene (PS) and titanium (Ti). We also explored how a specific environmental stressor, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), affected biofilm formation. First, Congo red tests revealed that all microorganisms formed biofilms within 72 h. Then, the amounts of biofilm formation on PS at 24, 48 and 72 h and also on a Ti plate for 72 h were determined. Some microbes preferred one surface over the other, whereas other microbes formed consistent levels of biofilm regardless of the surface material. Staphylococcus lugdunenensis was the most potent, while Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus were the weakest. Bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbon (BATH) tests indicated that the biofilm-forming abilities were not directly correlated with cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH). Finally, an external signal, EGCG, was applied to challenge the biofilm formation of each microorganism. EGCG regulated each microorganism's ability differently, though the change was consistent across surfaces for most pathogens. This study can help a better understanding of a broad spectrum of periprosthetic infection-associated pathogens by relative comparison of their biofilm-forming abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Cho
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721School of Undergraduate Studies, College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea ,grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Hospital, Hallym University, Hwasung, 18450 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Roh
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Son
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Hospital, Hallym University, Hwasung, 18450 Republic of Korea ,grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Hojung Choi
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea ,grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04762 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- grid.254187.d0000 0000 9475 8840Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Kim
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Hospital, Hallym University, Hwasung, 18450 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hun Lee
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea ,grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721New Biology Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
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12
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Naphthoquinones Oxidize H 2S to Polysulfides and Thiosulfate, Implications for Therapeutic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113293. [PMID: 36362080 PMCID: PMC9657496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
1,4-Napththoquinones (NQs) are clinically relevant therapeutics that affect cell function through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and formation of adducts with regulatory protein thiols. Reactive sulfur species (RSS) are chemically and biologically similar to ROS and here we examine RSS production by NQ oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) using RSS-specific fluorophores, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, UV-Vis absorption spectrometry, oxygen-sensitive optodes, thiosulfate-specific nanoparticles, HPLC-monobromobimane derivatization, and ion chromatographic assays. We show that NQs, catalytically oxidize H2S to per- and polysulfides (H2Sn, n = 2−6), thiosulfate, sulfite and sulfate in reactions that consume oxygen and are accelerated by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and inhibited by catalase. The approximate efficacy of NQs (in decreasing order) is, 1,4-NQ ≈ juglone ≈ plumbagin > 2-methoxy-1,4-NQ ≈ menadione >> phylloquinone ≈ anthraquinone ≈ menaquinone ≈ lawsone. We propose that the most probable reactions are an initial two-electron oxidation of H2S to S0 and reduction of NQ to NQH2. S0 may react with H2S or elongate H2Sn in variety of reactions. Reoxidation of NQH2 likely involves a semiquinone radical (NQ·−) intermediate via several mechanisms involving oxygen and comproportionation to produce NQ and superoxide. Dismutation of the latter forms hydrogen peroxide which then further oxidizes RSS to sulfoxides. These findings provide the chemical background for novel sulfur-based approaches to naphthoquinone-directed therapies.
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13
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Zuhra K, Petrosino M, Gupta B, Panagaki T, Cecconi M, Myrianthopoulos V, Schneiter R, Mikros E, Majtan T, Szabo C. Epigallocatechin gallate is a potent inhibitor of cystathionine beta-synthase: Structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action. Nitric Oxide 2022; 128:12-24. [PMID: 35973674 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the main bioactive component of green tea. Through screening of a small library of natural compounds, we discovered that EGCG inhibits cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), a major H2S-generating enzyme. Here we characterize EGCG's mechanism of action in the context of CBS-derived H2S production. In the current project, biochemical, pharmacological and cell biology approaches were used to characterize the effect of EGCG on CBS in cellular models of cancer and Down syndrome (DS). The results show that EGCG binds to CBS and inhibits H2S-producing CBS activity almost 30-times more efficiently than the canonical cystathionine formation (IC50 0.12 versus 3.3 μM). Through screening structural analogs and building blocks, we identified that gallate moiety of EGCG represents the pharmacophore responsible for CBS inhibition. EGCG is a mixed-mode, CBS-specific inhibitor with no effect on the other two major enzymatic sources of H2S, CSE and 3-MST. Unlike the prototypical CBS inhibitor aminooxyacetate, EGCG does not bind the catalytic cofactor of CBS pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. Molecular modeling suggests that EGCG blocks a substrate access channel to pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. EGCG inhibits cellular H2S production in HCT-116 colon cancer cells and in DS fibroblasts. It also exerts effects that are consistent with the functional role of CBS in these cells: in HCT-116 cells it decreases, while in DS cells it improves viability and proliferation. In conclusion, EGCG is a potent inhibitor of CBS-derived H2S production. This effect may contribute to its pharmacological effects in various pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Zuhra
- Chair of Pharmacology, University of Fribourg, Faculty of Science and Medicine, Chemin du Musee 18, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Maria Petrosino
- Chair of Pharmacology, University of Fribourg, Faculty of Science and Medicine, Chemin du Musee 18, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Barkha Gupta
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Faculty of Science and Medicine, Chemin du Musee 10, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Theodora Panagaki
- Chair of Pharmacology, University of Fribourg, Faculty of Science and Medicine, Chemin du Musee 18, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Marco Cecconi
- Chair of Pharmacology, University of Fribourg, Faculty of Science and Medicine, Chemin du Musee 18, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Vassilios Myrianthopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens, 15772, Greece
| | - Roger Schneiter
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Faculty of Science and Medicine, Chemin du Musee 10, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Mikros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens, 15772, Greece
| | - Tomas Majtan
- Chair of Pharmacology, University of Fribourg, Faculty of Science and Medicine, Chemin du Musee 18, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland.
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, University of Fribourg, Faculty of Science and Medicine, Chemin du Musee 18, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland.
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14
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Shieh M, Ni X, Xu S, Lindahl SP, Yang M, Matsunaga T, Flaumenhaft R, Akaike T, Xian M. Shining a light on SSP4: A comprehensive analysis and biological applications for the detection of sulfane sulfurs. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102433. [PMID: 35987086 PMCID: PMC9411671 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent probes are useful tools for the detection of sulfane sulfurs in biological systems. In this work, we report the development of SSP4, a widely used probe generated in our laboratory. We describe its evolution, preparation, and physical/chemical properties. Fluorescence analyses of SSP4 determined its high selectivity and sensitivity to sulfane sulfurs, even with the interfering presence of other species, such as amino acids and metal ions. Protocols for using SSP4 in a relatively quick and simple manner for the detection of persulfidated proteins, including papain, BSA, and GAPDH were developed. The method was then applied to human protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), leading to the discovery that persulfidation can occur at PDI's non-active site cysteines, and that PDI reductase activity is affected by sulfane sulfur treatment. Protocols for using SSP4 for the bioimaging of exogenous and endogenous sulfane sulfurs in different -cell lines were also established. These results should guide further applications of SSP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Xiang Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Shi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Stephen P Lindahl
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Moua Yang
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tetsuro Matsunaga
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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15
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Olson KR, Clear KJ, Derry PJ, Gao Y, Ma Z, Wu G, Kent TA, Straub KD. Coenzyme Q 10 and related quinones oxidize H 2S to polysulfides and thiosulfate. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:119-131. [PMID: 35202787 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the canonical pathway for mitochondrial H2S oxidation electrons are transferred from sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) to complex III via ubiquinone (CoQ10). We previously observed that a number of quinones directly oxidize H2S and we hypothesize that CoQ10 may have similar properties. Here we examine H2S oxidation by CoQ10 and more hydrophilic, truncated forms, CoQ1 and CoQ0, in buffer using H2S and polysulfide fluorophores (AzMC and SSP4), silver nanoparticles to measure thiosulfate (H2S2O3), mass spectrometry to identify polysulfides and O2-sensitive optodes to measure O2 consumption. We show that all three quinones concentration-dependently catalyze the oxidization of H2S to polysulfides and thiosulfate in buffer with the potency CoQ0>CoQ1>CoQ10 and that CoQ0 specifically oxidizes H2S to per-polysulfides, H2S2,3,4. These reactions consume and require oxygen and are augmented by addition of SOD suggesting that the quinones, not superoxide, oxidize H2S. Related quinones, MitoQ, menadione and idebenone, oxidize H2S in similar reactions. Exogenous CoQ0 decreases cellular H2S and increases polysulfides and thiosulfate production and this is also O2-dependent, suggesting that the quinone has similar effects on sulfur metabolism in cells. Collectively, these results suggest an additional endogenous mechanism for H2S metabolism and a potential therapeutic approach in H2S-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Olson
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend Center, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Kasey J Clear
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, IN, 46615, USA
| | - Paul J Derry
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas - McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend Center, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Zhilin Ma
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend Center, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas - McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Thomas A Kent
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, United States; Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Karl D Straub
- Central Arkansas Veteran's Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA; Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
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16
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Liu GH, Li M, Li LL, Bian RN, Dong WK. Sequential multiple-target chemosensor: Co 2+, Cu 2+, PPi, and HSˉ discrimination by a bis(half-salamo)-type probe. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.2012674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li-Li Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Bian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wen-Kui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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17
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Gallic Acid Improves Diabetic Steatosis by Downregulating MicroRNA-34a-5p through Targeting NFE2L2 Expression in High-Fat Diet-Fed db/db Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010092. [PMID: 35052597 PMCID: PMC8773012 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become epidemic worldwide and is strongly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The molecular mechanisms of microRNAs in NAFLD and T2DM development and the corresponding therapies remain unclear. We performed microRNA microarray validation to determine whether hepatic miR-34a-5p was significantly upregulated in db/db mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), a mouse model of T2DM with steatohepatitis. The potential role of miR-34a-5p and gallic acid (GA) in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism and diabetic steatosis was explored. GA improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes and suppressed lipid accumulation in the HFD-induced steatotic liver of db/db mice. In vitro, the silencing of miR-34a-5p in hepatocyte HepG2 cells ameliorated high glucose + oleic acid/palmitic acid mixture–induced accumulation of cellular triglycerides. We identified nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2) as a direct target of miR-34a-5p. Reduction in intracellular triglyceride and the expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase by GA were mediated by the inhibition of miR-34a-5p expression in HepG2 cells. The findings suggest that GA improves hepatic lipogenesis by downregulating miR-34a-5p by suppressing NFE2L2 expression, indicating the potential therapeutic role of GA or an NFE2L2-activating agent in diabetic fatty liver disease.
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18
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Olson KR. A Case for Hydrogen Sulfide Metabolism as an Oxygen Sensing Mechanism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111650. [PMID: 34829521 PMCID: PMC8615108 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to detect oxygen availability is a ubiquitous attribute of aerobic organisms. However, the mechanism(s) that transduce oxygen concentration or availability into appropriate physiological responses is less clear and often controversial. This review will make the case for oxygen-dependent metabolism of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and polysulfides, collectively referred to as reactive sulfur species (RSS) as a physiologically relevant O2 sensing mechanism. This hypothesis is based on observations that H2S and RSS metabolism is inversely correlated with O2 tension, exogenous H2S elicits physiological responses identical to those produced by hypoxia, factors that affect H2S production or catabolism also affect tissue responses to hypoxia, and that RSS efficiently regulate downstream effectors of the hypoxic response in a manner consistent with a decrease in O2. H2S-mediated O2 sensing is then compared to the more generally accepted reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated O2 sensing mechanism and a number of reasons are offered to resolve some of the confusion between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Olson
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
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19
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Interference of dietary polyphenols with potentially toxic amino acid metabolites derived from the colonic microbiota. Amino Acids 2021; 54:311-324. [PMID: 34235577 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Each day, varying amounts of undigested or partially digested proteins reach the colon where they are metabolized by the microbiota, resulting in the formation of compounds such as ammonia, p-cresol, skatole, phenol, indole, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). In farm animals, the excessive production of these metabolites can affect the quality of meat and milk and is a source of contaminating emissions from animal manure. In humans, their accumulation is potentially harmful, and it has been proposed that they could be involved in the development of pathologies such as colorectal cancer and ulcerative colitis, among others. This review assesses the evidence supporting the use of dietary polyphenols to reduce the production of these metabolites. Most studies have used condensed (proanthocyanidins) or hydrolyzable (ellagitannins and gallotannins) tannins, and have been carried out in farm animals. Several show that the administration of tannins in pigs, chicken, and ruminants decreases the levels of ammonia, p-cresol, skatole, and/or H2S, improving meat/milk quality and reducing manure odor. Direct application of tannins to manure also decreases ammonia emissions. Few studies were carried out in rats and humans and their results confirm, to a lesser extent, those reported in farm animals. These effects would be due to the capacity of tannins to trap ammonia and H2S, and to modify the composition of the microbiota, reducing the bacterial populations producing metabolites. In addition, PACs prevent p-cresol and H2S-induced alterations on intestinal cells in vitro. Tannins, therefore, appear as an interesting tool for improving the quality of animal products, human health, and the harmful emissions associated with breeding.
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Retrospecting the Antioxidant Activity of Japanese Matcha Green Tea–Lack of Enthusiasm? APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11115087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Matcha tea is a traditional Japanese tea that is said to possess ten times higher bioactive components and polyphenols than that of conventional green teas. Matcha is remotely popular among the global community and meagerly researched and infamous among the scientific population. It is the powdered form of green tea leaves that are directly suspended in hot water and drunk without filtration. Matcha is said to be one of the richest antioxidant sources naturally available. This review summarizes the available research publications related to matcha and compares the research accomplishments of green tea and matcha researchers. The fact that green tea is backed up by 35,000 publications while matcha has merely 54 publications to its credit is highlighted in this review for the first time. The future of matcha for tapping its enormous antioxidant activity and health potentials remains connected to the volume of scientific awareness and enhanced research attention in this area. If green tea has so much to offer towards human health and welfare, there is certainly room for more benefits from matcha, which is yet to be disclosed. As public awareness cannot be won without scientific approval, this review seeks that this gap may be bridged using essential knowledge gained from matcha applications and allied research.
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Ros-Santaella JL, Pintus E. Plant Extracts as Alternative Additives for Sperm Preservation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050772. [PMID: 34068069 PMCID: PMC8152457 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm preservation is a crucial factor for the success of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in humans, livestock, and wildlife. Irrespective of the extender and the storage conditions used, semen handling and preservation negatively affect sperm quality. Moreover, oxidative stress, which often arises during semen storage, significantly reduces sperm function and compromises the sperm fertilizing ability by inducing oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Plant extracts have recently emerged as a cheap and natural source of additives to preserve and enhance sperm function during semen storage. The present work provides an update on the use of these natural compounds as alternative additives for sperm preservation in 13 animal species, including humans. A detailed description of the effects of 45 plant species, belonging to 28 families, on sperm function during semen storage is presented. The plant material and extraction method employed, dosage, possible toxic effects, and antimicrobial properties are provided.
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Kolb H, Martin S, Kempf K. Coffee and Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Arguments for a Causal Relationship. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041144. [PMID: 33807132 PMCID: PMC8066601 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective epidemiological studies concur in an association between habitual coffee consumption and a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Several aspects of these studies support a cause–effect relationship. There is a dependency on daily coffee dose. Study outcomes are similar in different regions of the world, show no differences between sexes, between obese versus lean, young versus old, smokers versus nonsmokers, regardless of the number of confounders adjusted for. Randomized controlled intervention trials did not find a consistent impact of drinking coffee on acute metabolic control, except for effects of caffeine. Therefore, lowering of diabetes risk by coffee consumption does not involve an acute effect on the post-meal course of blood glucose, insulin or insulin resistance. Several studies in animals and humans find that the ingestion of coffee phytochemicals induces an adaptive cellular response characterized by upregulation and de novo synthesis of enzymes involved in cell defense and repair. A key regulator is the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in association with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AMP-activated kinase and sirtuins. One major site of coffee actions appears to be the liver, causing improved fat oxidation and lower risk of steatosis. Another major effect of coffee intake is preservation of functional beta cell mass via enhanced mitochondrial function, lower endoplasmic reticulum stress and prevention or clearance of aggregates of misfolded proinsulin or amylin. Long-term preservation of proper liver and beta cell function may account for the association of habitual coffee drinking with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, rather than acute improvement of metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Kolb
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (H.K.); (S.M.)
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Martin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (H.K.); (S.M.)
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kempf
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-566036016
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Olson KR, Gao Y, Briggs A, Devireddy M, Iovino NA, Licursi M, Skora NC, Whelan J, Villa BP, Straub KD. 'Antioxidant' berries, anthocyanins, resveratrol and rosmarinic acid oxidize hydrogen sulfide to polysulfides and thiosulfate: A novel mechanism underlying their biological actions. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:67-78. [PMID: 33508425 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceutical polyphenol catechins in green tea oxidize H2S to polysulfides (PS) in buffer and in cells thereby conveying their cytoprotective effects. Here we measure H2S oxidation in buffer and HEK293 cells by over-the-counter nutraceuticals, blueberry, bilberry and cranberry, and by polyphenols, cyanadin (Cya), quercetin (Que), rosmarinic acid (RA) and resveratrol (Res). H2S and PS were measured with specific fluorophores, AzMc and SSP4 respectively, and thiosulfate (TS) production was measured in buffer using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). All compounds increased polysulfide production from H2S in buffer and increased polysufides in cells. Decreasing oxygen from 100% to 21% and 0% progressively decreased PS production by Que and RA in buffer and Que decreased PS production in cells incubated in 5% O2 compared to 21% O2. Que, RA and Res, but not Cya, increased TS production from H2S in 21% O2 but not in 0% O2. Superoxide dismutase did not affect PS production from H2S by Que or TS production from H2S by Que, RA or Res, whereas catalase inhibited TS production by all three polyphenols. Conversely, these polyphenols only slightly reduce a mixed polysulfide (K2Sn) or thiosulfate to H2S in 0% O2. Collectively, our results suggest that polyphenols are autoxidized to a semiquinone radical and that this, in turn, oxidizes H2S to a thiyl radical from which polysulfides and thiosulfate derived. They also suggest that this is catalyzed by a semiquinone radical and it is independent of either superoxide or hydrogen peroxide concomitantly produced during polyphenol autoxidation. The polysulfides produced in these reactions are potent antioxidants and also initiate a variety of downstream cytoprotective effector mechanisms. It is also possible that H2S can be regenerated from the thiosulfate produced in these reactions by other cellular reductants and reused in subsequent reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Olson
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend Center, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Yan Gao
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend Center, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Austin Briggs
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend Center, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Monesh Devireddy
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend Center, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Nicholas A Iovino
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend Center, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Matthew Licursi
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend Center, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Nicole C Skora
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend Center, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Jenna Whelan
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend Center, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Brian P Villa
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend Center, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Karl D Straub
- Central Arkansas Veteran's Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA; Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
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The biological legacy of sulfur: A roadmap to the future. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 252:110824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide by Quinones: How Polyphenols Initiate Their Cytoprotective Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020961. [PMID: 33478045 PMCID: PMC7835830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that autoxidized polyphenolic nutraceuticals oxidize H2S to polysulfides and thiosulfate and this may convey their cytoprotective effects. Polyphenol reactivity is largely attributed to the B ring, which is usually a form of hydroxyquinone (HQ). Here, we examine the effects of HQs on sulfur metabolism using H2S- and polysulfide-specific fluorophores (AzMC and SSP4, respectively) and thiosulfate sensitive silver nanoparticles (AgNP). In buffer, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene (1,4-DB), 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ), pyrogallol (PG) and gallic acid (GA) oxidized H2S to polysulfides and thiosulfate, whereas 1,2-DB, 1,3-DB, 1,2-dihydroxy,3,4-benzoquinone and shikimic acid did not. In addition, 1,4-DB, 1,4-BQ, PG and GA also increased polysulfide production in HEK293 cells. In buffer, H2S oxidation by 1,4-DB was oxygen-dependent, partially inhibited by tempol and trolox, and absorbance spectra were consistent with redox cycling between HQ autoxidation and H2S-mediated reduction. Neither 1,2-DB, 1,3-DB, 1,4-DB nor 1,4-BQ reduced polysulfides to H2S in either 21% or 0% oxygen. Epinephrine and norepinephrine also oxidized H2S to polysulfides and thiosulfate; dopamine and tyrosine were ineffective. Polyphenones were also examined, but only 2,5-dihydroxy- and 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenones oxidized H2S. These results show that H2S is readily oxidized by specific hydroxyquinones and quinones, most likely through the formation of a semiquinone radical intermediate derived from either reaction of oxygen with the reduced quinones, or from direct reaction between H2S and quinones. We propose that polysulfide production by these reactions contributes to the health-promoting benefits of polyphenolic nutraceuticals.
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