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Zhao B, Liang Z, Zhang L, Jiang L, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Wang C, Liu Z. Ponicidin Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Mitochondrial Apoptosis by Stabilizing Keap1-PGAM5 Complex. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2406080. [PMID: 39116422 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202406080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Ponicidin is a diterpenoid with demonstrated antitumor activity in clinical trials. However, the specific function and mechanism of action against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. In this study, it is found that ponicidin significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCC cells. It is shown that ponicidin targets Keap1 and promotes the formation of the Keap1-PGAM5 complex, leading to the ubiquitination of PGAM5, using biotin-labeled ponicidin for target fishing and the HuProtTM Human Proteome Microarray V4.0. Ponicidin is found to activate the cysteine-dependent mitochondrial pathway via PGAM5, resulting in mitochondrial damage and ROS production, thereby promoting mitochondrial apoptosis in HepG2 cells. The first in vitro cocrystal structure of the PGAM5 IE 12-mer peptide and the Keap1 Kelch domain is obtained. Using molecular dynamics simulations to confirm the binding of ponicidin to the Keap1-PGAM5 complex. Based on the depth-based dynamic simulation, it is found that ponicidin can induce the tightening of the Keap1-PGAM5 interaction pocket, thereby stabilizing the formation of the protein complex. Finally, it is observed that ponicidin effectively inhibited tumor growth and promoted tumor cell apoptosis in a BALB/c nude mouse xenograft tumor model. The results provide insight into the anti-HCC properties of ponicidin based on a mechanism involving the Keap1-PGAM5 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zuhui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuanhang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Caiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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2
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Liu D, Qin H, Gao Y, Sun M, Wang M. Cardiovascular disease: Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy crosstalk mechanisms with novel programmed cell death and macrophage polarisation. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107258. [PMID: 38909638 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Several cardiovascular illnesses are associated with aberrant activation of cellular pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, cuproptosis, disulfidptosis, and macrophage polarisation as hallmarks contributing to vascular damage and abnormal cardiac function. Meanwhile, these three novel forms of cellular dysfunction are closely related to mitochondrial homeostasis. Mitochondria are the main organelles that supply energy and maintain cellular homeostasis. Mitochondrial stability is maintained through a series of regulatory pathways, such as mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial fusion and mitophagy. Studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction (e.g., impaired mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy) promotes ROS production, leading to oxidative stress, which induces cellular pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, cuproptosis, disulfidptosis and macrophage M1 phenotypic polarisation. Therefore, an in-depth knowledge of the dynamic regulation of mitochondria during cellular pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, cuproptosis, disulfidptosis and macrophage polarisation is necessary to understand cardiovascular disease development. This paper systematically summarises the impact of changes in mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy on regulating novel cellular dysfunctions and macrophage polarisation to promote an in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and provide corresponding theoretical references for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hewei Qin
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengyan Sun
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengnan Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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3
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Wang Y, Long L, Luo Q, Huang X, Zhang Y, Meng X, Chen D. Aflatoxin B1 induces ROS-dependent mitophagy by modulating the PINK1/Parkin pathway in HepG2 cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 135:195-209. [PMID: 38804152 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is extremely harmful to both humans and animals. Mitophagy is a selective process of self-elimination and has an important role in controlling mitochondrial quality. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation on AFB1-induced mitophagy in HepG2 cells to provide a new perspective from which to design novel therapeutic strategies to treat AFB1 poisoning. ROS release was induced in HepG2 cells with AFB1 (10 μmol/L). Cell autophagy activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, Parkin translocation and both the transcription and expression of mitophagy-related proteins were measured when N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) partially decreased the ROS level, while the knockdown of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) resulted in a large accumulation of ROS. The results reveal that NAC pretreatment ameliorated the decline in both the MMP and the ATP levels while also activating phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5)-PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin, while the Nrf2 knockdown group exhibited the opposite trend. These results suggest that AFB1-induced mitophagy in HepG2 cells depends on ROS, and proper ROS activates mitophagy to play a protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Wang
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Long
- Deyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Deyang, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dayi Chen
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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4
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Bianchetti G, Bottoni P, Tringali G, Maulucci G, Tabolacci E, Clementi ME. The polyphenolic compound punicalagin protects skin fibroblasts from UVA radiation oxidative damage. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 6:100186. [PMID: 38846010 PMCID: PMC11153882 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2024.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are a class of natural compounds that act as antioxidants, neutralising harmful free radicals that would damage cells and increase the risk of diseases such as cancer, diabetes and heart disease. They also reduce inflammation, which is thought to be at the root of many chronic diseases. We are investigating the photoprotective effects of punicalagin, a type of polyphenolic compound mainly found in pomegranates, against UVA-induced damage in human skin fibroblasts. Punicalagin increases cell viability and reduces the high levels of ROS generated by photooxidative stress through its ability to modulate the Nrf2 transcriptional pathway. Interestingly, activation of the Nrf2 pathway results in an increase in reduced glutathione, NADH, and subsequently protects mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Integrating molecular and imaging approaches, our results demonstrate a potential cytoprotective effect of punicalagin against UVA-induced skin damage through an anti-apoptotic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Bianchetti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bottoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tringali
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tabolacci
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabetta Clementi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” SCITEC-CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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Fan F, Yang C, Piao E, Shi J, Zhang J. Mechanisms of chondrocyte regulated cell death in osteoarthritis: Focus on ROS-triggered ferroptosis, parthanatos, and oxeiptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 705:149733. [PMID: 38442446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic inflammatory degenerative disease. Since chondrocytes are the only type of cells in cartilage, their survival is critical for maintaining cartilage morphology. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of how reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide, and their derivatives, affect cartilage homeostasis and trigger several novel modes of regulated cell death, including ferroptosis, parthanatos, and oxeiptosis, which may play roles in chondrocyte death and OA development. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies to alleviate OA by scavenging ROS and provide new insight into the research and treatment of the role of regulated cell death in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyang Fan
- Orthopedics Department, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- Orthopedics Department, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
| | - Enran Piao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jia Shi
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Juntao Zhang
- Orthopedics Department, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
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6
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Bhat SA, Vasi Z, Jiang L, Selvaraj S, Ferguson R, Gudur A, Ismail H, Adhikari R, Dhabaria A, Ueberheide B, Kuchay S. Geranylgeranylated-SCF FBXO10 Regulates Selective Outer Mitochondrial Membrane Proteostasis and Function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.16.589745. [PMID: 38659932 PMCID: PMC11042265 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
E3-ubiquitin ligases (E3s) are main components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), as they determine substrate specificity in response to internal and external cues to regulate protein homeostasis. However, the regulation of membrane protein ubiquitination by E3s within distinct cell membrane compartments or organelles is not well understood. We show that FBXO10, the interchangeable component of the SKP1/CUL1/F-box ubiquitin ligase complex (SCF-E3), undergoes lipid-modification with geranylgeranyl isoprenoid at Cysteine953 (C953), facilitating its dynamic trafficking to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). FBXO10 polypeptide does not contain a canonical mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS); instead, its geranylgeranylation at C953 and the interaction with two cytosolic factors, PDE6δ (a prenyl group-binding protein), and HSP90 (a mitochondrial chaperone) orchestrate specific OMM targeting of prenyl-FBXO10 across diverse membrane compartments. The geranylgeranylation-deficient FBXO10(C953S) mutant redistributes away from the OMM, leading to impaired mitochondrial ATP production, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased mitochondrial fragmentation. Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) was identified as a potential substrate of FBXO10 at the OMM using comparative quantitative mass spectrometry analyses of enriched mitochondria (LFQ-MS/MS), leveraging the redistribution of FBXO10(C953S). FBXO10, but not FBXO10(C953S), promoted polyubiquitylation and degradation of PGAM5. Examination of the role of this pathway in a physiological context revealed that the loss of FBXO10 or expression of prenylation-deficient-FBXO10(C953S) inhibited PGAM5 degradation, disrupted mitochondrial homeostasis, and impaired myogenic differentiation of human iPSCs and murine myoblasts. Our studies identify a mechanism for selective E3-ligase mediated regulation of mitochondrial membrane proteostasis and metabolic health, potentially amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Ahmed Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, MBRB #1252, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Zahra Vasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, MBRB #1252, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, MBRB #1252, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Shruthi Selvaraj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, MBRB #1252, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Rachel Ferguson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, MBRB #1252, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Anish Gudur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, MBRB #1252, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Hagar Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, MBRB #1252, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Ritika Adhikari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, MBRB #1252, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Avantika Dhabaria
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Beatrix Ueberheide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - ShaFi Kuchay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, MBRB #1252, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago
- Lead Contact
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7
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Tang H, Yu Q, Chen X, Zhang J, Guo D, Guo W, Zhang S, Shi X. Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 exacerbates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating mitochondrial fission. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8535. [PMID: 38609411 PMCID: PMC11014912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the death of hepatocytes is a crucial trigger of liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, the regulation of liver I/R-induced hepatocyte death is still poorly understood. Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5), a mitochondrial Serine/Threonine protein phosphatase, regulates mitochondrial dynamics and is involved in the process of both apoptosis and necrotic. However, it is still unclear what role PGAM5 plays in the death of hepatocytes induced by I/R. Using a PGAM5-silence mice model, we investigated the role of PGAM5 in liver I/R injury and its relevant molecular mechanisms. Our data showed that PGAM5 was highly expressed in mice with liver I/R injury. Silence of PGAM5 could decrease I/R-induced hepatocyte death in mice. In subcellular levels, the silence of PGAM5 could restore mitochondrial membrane potential, increase mitochondrial DNA copy number and transcription levels, inhibit ROS generation, and prevent I/R-induced opening of abnormal mPTP. As for the molecular mechanisms, we indicated that the silence of PGAM5 could inhibit Drp1(S616) phosphorylation, leading to a partial reduction of mitochondrial fission. In addition, Mdivi-1 could inhibit mitochondrial fission, decrease hepatocyte death, and attenuate liver I/R injury in mice. In conclusion, our data reveal the molecular mechanism of PGAM5 in driving hepatocyte death through activating mitochondrial fission in liver I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Tang
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- ZhengZhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Qiwen Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jiakai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Danfeng Guo
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- ZhengZhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- ZhengZhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- ZhengZhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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8
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Song Y, Qu Y, Mao C, Zhang R, Jiang D, Sun X. Post-translational modifications of Keap1: the state of the art. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1332049. [PMID: 38259518 PMCID: PMC10801156 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1332049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cellular defense against oxidative stress-induced damage. Its activation entails the expression and transcriptional regulation of several proteins involved in detoxification and antioxidation processes within the organism. Keap1, serving as a pivotal transcriptional regulator within this pathway, exerts control over the activity of Nrf2. Various post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Keap1, such as alkylation, glycosylation, glutathiylation, S-sulfhydration, and other modifications, impact the binding affinity between Keap1 and Nrf2. Consequently, this leads to the accumulation of Nrf2 and its translocation to the nucleus, and subsequent activation of downstream antioxidant genes. Given the association between the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and various diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes, comprehending the post-translational modification of Keap1 not only deepens our understanding of Nrf2 signaling regulation but also contributes to the identification of novel drug targets and biomarkers. Consequently, this knowledge holds immense importance in the prevention and treatment of diseases induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Caiyun Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Deyou Jiang
- Department of Typhoid, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xutao Sun
- Department of Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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9
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Li JY, Sun XA, Wang X, Yang NH, Xie HY, Guo HJ, Lu L, Xie X, Zhou L, Liu J, Zhang W, Lu LM. PGAM5 exacerbates acute renal injury by initiating mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by facilitating mitochondrial cytochrome c release. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:125-136. [PMID: 37684381 PMCID: PMC10770374 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a worldwide public health problem characterized by the massive loss of tubular cells. However, the precise mechanism for initiating tubular cell death has not been fully elucidated. Here, we reported that phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) was upregulated in renal tubular epithelial cells during ischaemia/reperfusion or cisplatin-induced AKI in mice. PGAM5 knockout significantly alleviated the activation of the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway and tubular apoptosis. Apoptosis inhibitors alleviated the activation of the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway. Mechanistically, as a protein phosphatase, PGAM5 could dephosphorylate Bax and facilitate Bax translocation to the mitochondrial membrane. The translocation of Bax to mitochondria increased membrane permeability, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and facilitated the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c (Cyt c) into the cytoplasm. Knockdown of Bax attenuated PGAM5 overexpression-induced Cyt c release and tubular cell apoptosis. Our results demonstrated that the increase in PGAM5-mediated Bax dephosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation was implicated in the development of AKI by initiating mitochondrial Cyt c release and activating the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway. Targeting this axis might be beneficial for alleviating AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xi-Ang Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ning-Hao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Heng-Jiang Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671013, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Li-Min Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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10
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Liu Y, Liu N, He P, Cao S, Li H, Liu D. Arginine-methylated c-Myc affects mitochondrial mitophagy in mouse acute kidney injury via Slc25a24. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:193-211. [PMID: 38164038 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor methylated c-Myc heterodimerizes with MAX to modulate gene expression, and plays an important role in energy metabolism in kidney injury but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Mitochondrial solute transporter Slc25a24 imports ATP into mitochondria and is central to energy metabolism. Gene Expression Omnibus data analysis reveals Slc25a24 and c-Myc are consistently upregulated in all the acute kidney injury (AKI) cells. Pearson correlation analysis also shows that Slc25a24 and c-Myc are strongly correlated (⍴ > 0.9). Mutant arginine methylated c-Myc (R299A and R346A) reduced its combination with MAX when compared with the wild type of c-Myc. On the other hand, the Slc25a24 levels were also correspondingly reduced, which induced the downregulation of ATP production. The results promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitophagy generation. The study revealed that the c-Myc overexpression manifested the most pronounced mitochondrial DNA depletion. Additionally, the varied levels of mitochondrial proteins like TIM23, TOM20, and PINK1 in each group, particularly the elevated levels of PINK1 in AKI model groups and lower levels of TIM23 and TOM20 in the c-Myc overexpression group, suggest potential disruptions in mitochondrial dynamics and homeostasis, indicating enhanced mitophagy or mitochondrial loss. Therefore, arginine-methylated c-Myc affects mouse kidney injury by regulating mitochondrial ATP and ROS, and mitophagy via Slc25a24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Naiquan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiyu Cao
- Grade 2018 Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huabing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tiemei General Hospital of Liaoning Province Health Industrial Group, Tieling, China
| | - Dajun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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11
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Li S, Wen P, Zhang D, Li D, Gao Q, Liu H, Di Y. PGAM5 expression levels in heart failure and protection ROS-induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis by Keap1/Nrf2. Clin Exp Hypertens 2023; 45:2162537. [PMID: 36780919 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2022.2162537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As a common and frequently occurring disease, heart failure has been paid more and more attention, but the mechanism of its occurrence and development is still unclear. This study investigated that PGAM5 expression levels in heart failure and its underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The inhibition of PGAM5 mRNA expression levels in patients with heart failure was compared with the normal group. RESULTS The serum of PGAM5 mRNA expression was negative correlation with collagen I and collagen III in patients with heart failure. PGAM5 mRNA and protein expression in the heart tissue of mice with heart failure were down-regulated at a time-dependent rate. The inhibition of PGAM5 presented heart failure in the model. PGAM5 reduced inflammation and inhibited ROS-induced oxidative stress in models of heart failure. PGAM5 reduced Ferroptosis in models of heart failure. PGAM5 regulated Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. IP also showed that PGAM5 protein combined with the Keap1 protein. PGAM5 could increase Keap1 protein ubiquitination. Keap1 inhibition affected the effects of PGAM5 in model of heart failure. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the protection of PGAM5 reduced ROS-induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis by the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in heart failure, suggesting that targeting this mechanism of PGAM5 may be a feasible strategy to treat heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Ping Wen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Decai Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Qidong Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Yunfeng Di
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, China
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12
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Chi W, Fu J, Martyniuk CJ, Wang J, Zhou L. Post-Subfunctionalization Functions of HIF-1αA and HIF-1αB in Cyprinid Fish: Fine-Tuning Mitophagy and Apoptosis Regulation Under Hypoxic Stress. J Mol Evol 2023; 91:780-792. [PMID: 37924420 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a crucial transcriptional factor that can restore oxygen balance in the body by regulating multiple vital activities. Two HIF-1α copies were retained in cyprinid fish after experiencing a teleost-specific genome duplication. How the "divergent collaboration" of HIF-1αA and HIF-1αB proceeds in regulating mitophagy and apoptosis under hypoxic stress in cells of cyprinid fish remains unclear. In this study, zebrafish HIF-1αA/B expression plasmids were constructed and transfected into the epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells and were subjected to hypoxic stress. HIF-1αA induced apoptosis through promoting ROS generation and mitochondrial depolarization when cells were subjected to oxygen deficiency. Conversely, HIF-1αB was primarily responsible for mitophagy induction, prompting ATP production to mitigate apoptosis. HIF-1αA did not induce mitophagy in the mitochondria and lysosomes co-localization assay but it was involved in the regulation of different mitophagy pathways. Over-expression of HIF-1αA increased the expression of bnip3, fundc1, Beclin1, and foxo3, suggesting it has a dual role in mitochondrial autophagy and cell death. Each duplicated copy also experienced functional divergence and target shifting in the regulation of complexes in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Our findings shed light on the post-subfunctionalization function of HIF-1αA and HIF-1αB in zebrafish to fine-tune regulation of mitophagy and apoptosis following hypoxia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chi
- School of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 510607, China.
| | | | - Chris J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jiangyong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 510607, China
| | - Libin Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 510607, China
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13
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Mu W, Zhou Z, Shao L, Wang Q, Feng W, Tang Y, He Y, Wang Y. Advances in the relationship between ferroptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1257985. [PMID: 38023171 PMCID: PMC10661308 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1257985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular reprogramming process that converts epithelial cells into mesenchymal-like cells with migratory and invasive capabilities. The initiation and regulation of EMT is closely linked to a range of transcription factors, cell adhesion molecules and signaling pathways, which play a key role in cancer metastasis and drug resistance. The regulation of ferroptosis is intricately linked to various cell death pathways, intracellular iron homeostasis, and the protein network governing iron supply and storage. The ability of ferroptosis to disrupt cancer cells and overcome drug resistance lies in its control of intracellular iron ion levels. EMT process can promote the accumulation of iron ions, providing conditions for ferroptosis. Conversely, ferroptosis may impact the regulatory network of EMT by modulating transcription factors, signaling pathways, and cell adhesion molecules. Thus, ferroptosis related genes and signaling pathways and oxidative homeostasis play important roles in the regulation of EMT. In this paper, we review the role of ferroptosis related genes and their signaling pathways in regulating cancer EMT to better understand the crosstalk mechanism between ferroptosis and EMT, aiming to provide better therapeutic strategies for eradicating cancer cells and overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrong Mu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, China
| | - Zubang Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Liping Shao
- Department of Ultrasound, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Wanxue Feng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, China
| | - Yuling Tang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, China
| | - Yizong He
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, China
| | - Yuanlin Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, China
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14
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Wang H, Xie B, Shi S, Zhang R, Liang Q, Liu Z, Cheng Y. Curdione inhibits ferroptosis in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction via regulating Keap1/Trx1/GPX4 signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5328-5340. [PMID: 37500597 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common disease with high morbidity and mortality. Curdione is a sesquiterpenoid from Radix Curcumae. The current study is aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of curdione on ferroptosis in MI. Isoproterenol (ISO) was used to induce MI injury in mice and H9c2 cells. Curdione was orally given to mice once daily for 7 days. Echocardiography, biochemical kits, and western blotting were performed on the markers of cardiac ferroptosis. Curdione at 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly alleviated ISO-induced myocardial injury. Curdione and ferrostatin-1 significantly attenuated ISO-induced H9c2 cell injury. Curdione effectively suppressed cardiac ferroptosis, evidenced by decreasing malondialdehyde and iron contents, and increasing glutathione (GSH) level, GSH peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and ferritin heavy chain 1 expression. Importantly, drug affinity responsive target stability, molecular docking, and surface plasmon resonance technologies elucidated the direct target Keap1 of curdione. Curdione disrupted the interaction between Keap1 and thioredoxin1 (Trx1) but enhanced the Trx1/GPX4 complex. In addition, curdione-derived protection against ISO-induced myocardial ferroptosis was blocked after overexpression of Keap1, while enhanced after Keap1 silence in H9c2 cells. These findings demonstrate that curdione inhibited ferroptosis in ISO-induced MI via regulating Keap1/Trx1/GPX4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoping Xie
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuotao Shi
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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15
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You M, Jiang Q, Huang H, Ma F, Zhou X. 4-Octyl itaconate inhibits inflammation to attenuate psoriasis as an agonist of oxeiptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110915. [PMID: 37741130 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a highly prevalent chronic disease associated with a substantial social and economic burden. Oxeiptosis is a programmed cell death that occurs when cells are in a state of high oxidative stress, which has a potent anti-inflammatory effect. However, there is still no research on oxeiptosis in psoriasis, and the agonists or antagonists of oxeiptosis remain an unclear field. Here, we found that oxeiptosis of keratinocytes was inhibited in psoriasis lesions. KEAP1, as the upstream molecular component of oxeiptosis, is highly expressed in psoriasis lesions. Knockdown of KEAP1 in HaCaT cells caused oxeiptosis in the condition of M5 cocktail stimulation. Next, we found that the cell-permeable derivative of itaconate, 4-octylitaconate (OI) promoted oxeiptosis of keratinocytes by inhibiting KEAP1 and then activating PGAM5 which are two upstream molecular components of oxeiptosis. At the same time, OI can reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by M5 cocktail stimulation in vitro. Similarly, we found that OI can alleviate IMQ-induced psoriatic lesions in mice and downregulate the levels of inflammatory cytokines in psoriatic lesions. In summary, our findings suggest that oxeiptosis of keratinocytes was inhibited in psoriasis and OI can significantly inhibit inflammation and alleviate psoriasis as an agonist of oxeiptosis, indicating that oxeiptosis may be involved in regulating the progression of psoriasis, which may provide new therapeutic targets for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshu You
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Huining Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Fangyu Ma
- Department of Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Xingchen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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16
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Dai B, Su Q, Liu X, Mi X, Dou L, Zhou D, Su Y, Shen T, Zhang Y, Xu W, Tan X, Wang D. 2, 2-dimethylthiazolidine hydrochloride protects against experimental contrast-induced acute kidney injury via inhibition of tubular ferroptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 679:15-22. [PMID: 37659274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) has become the third leading cause of AKI acquired in hospital, lacking of effective interventions. In the study, we identified the renal beneficial role of 2, 2-dimethylthiazolidine hydrochloride (DMTD), a safer compound which is readily hydrolyzed to cysteamine, in the rodent model of CI-AKI. Our data showed that administration of DMTD attenuated the impaired renal function and tubular injury induced by the contrast agent. Levels of MDA, 4-hydroxynonenal, ferrous iron and morphological signs showed that contrast agent induced ferroptosis, which could be inhibited in the DMTD group. In vitro, DMTD suppressed ferroptosis induced by ioversol in the cultured tubular cells. Treatment of DMTD upregulated glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Moreover, we found that DMTD promoted the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of Keap1, and thus increased the activity of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Mechanistically, increase of the ubiquitylation degradation of Keap1 mediates the upregulated effect of DMTD on Nrf2. Consequently, activated Nrf2/Slc7a11 results in the increase of GSH and GPX4, and therefore leads to the inhibition of ferroptosis. Herein, we imply DMTD as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of CI-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Dai
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qiuyue Su
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xue Mi
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lin Dou
- Departments of Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Donghui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yu Su
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Tianyu Shen
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyue Tan
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Dekun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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17
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Liu ZB, Zhang JB, Li SP, Yu WJ, Pei N, Jia HT, Li Z, Lv WF, Wang J, Kim NH, Yuan B, Jiang H. ID3 regulates progesterone synthesis in bovine cumulus cells through modulation of mitochondrial function. Theriogenology 2023; 209:141-150. [PMID: 37393744 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
DNA binding inhibitory factor 3 (ID3) has been shown to have a key role in maintaining proliferation and differentiation. It has been suggested that ID3 may also affect mammalian ovarian function. However, the specific roles and mechanisms are unclear. In this study, the expression level of ID3 in cumulus cells (CCs) was inhibited by siRNA, and the downstream regulatory network of ID3 was uncovered by high-throughput sequencing. The effects of ID3 inhibition on mitochondrial function, progesterone synthesis, and oocyte maturation were further explored. The GO and KEGG analysis results showed that after ID3 inhibition, differentially expressed genes, including StAR, CYP11A1, and HSD3B1, were involved in cholesterol-related processes and progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation. Apoptosis in CC was increased, while the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 was inhibited. During this process, mitochondrial dynamics and function were disrupted. In addition, the first polar body extrusion rate, ATP production and antioxidation capacity were reduced, which suggested that ID3 inhibition led to poor oocyte maturation and quality. The results will provide a new basis for understanding the biological roles of ID3 as well as cumulus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Bin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Peng Li
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Yu
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Pei
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Tao Jia
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Fa Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China; Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Sun LL, Dai YF, You MX, Li CH. Choline dehydrogenase interacts with SQSTM1 to activate mitophagy and promote coelomocyte survival in Apostichopus japonicus following Vibrio splendidus infection. Zool Res 2023; 44:905-918. [PMID: 37575045 PMCID: PMC10559093 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that Vibrio splendidus infection causes mitochondrial damage in Apostichopus japonicus coelomocytes, leading to the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and irreversible apoptotic cell death. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) is the most effective method for eliminating damaged mitochondria and ROS, with choline dehydrogenase (CHDH) identified as a novel mitophagy receptor that can recognize non-ubiquitin damage signals and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) in vertebrates. However, the functional role of CHDH in invertebrates is largely unknown. In this study, we observed a significant increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of A. japonicus CHDH (AjCHDH) in response to V. splendidus infection and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, consistent with changes in mitophagy under the same conditions. Notably, AjCHDH was localized to the mitochondria rather than the cytosol following V. splendidus infection. Moreover, AjCHDH knockdown using siRNA transfection significantly reduced mitophagy levels, as observed through transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying CHDH-regulated mitophagy showed that AjCHDH lacked an LC3-interacting region (LIR) for direct binding to LC3 but possessed a FB1 structural domain that binds to SQSTM1. The interaction between AjCHDH and SQSTM1 was further confirmed by immunoprecipitation analysis. Furthermore, laser confocal microscopy indicated that SQSTM1 and LC3 were recruited by AjCHDH in coelomocytes and HEK293T cells. In contrast, AjCHDH interference hindered SQSTM1 and LC3 recruitment to the mitochondria, a critical step in damaged mitochondrial degradation. Thus, AjCHDH interference led to a significant increase in both mitochondrial and intracellular ROS, followed by increased apoptosis and decreased coelomocyte survival. Collectively, these findings indicate that AjCHDH-mediated mitophagy plays a crucial role in coelomocyte survival in A. japonicus following V. splendidus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Lian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Ying-Fen Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Mei-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Cheng-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China. E-mail:
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19
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Li J, Song L, Hu W, Zuo Q, Li R, Dai M, Zhou Y, Qing Z. A Reversible Fluorescent Probe for In Situ Monitoring Redox Imbalance during Mitophagy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13668-13673. [PMID: 37644392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy is the lysosome-dependent degradation of damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria, which is closely associated with H2O2-related redox imbalance and pathological processes. However, development of fast-responding and highly sensitive reversible fluorescent probes for monitoring of mitochondrial H2O2 dynamics is still lacking. Herein, we report a reversible fluorescent probe (M-HP) that enables real-time imaging of H2O2-related redox imbalance. In vitro studies demonstrated that M-HP had a rapid response and high sensitivity to the H2O2/GSH redox cycle, with a detection limit of 17 nM for H2O2. M-HP was applied to imaging of H2O2 fluctuation in living cells with excellent reversibility and mitochondrial targeting. M-HP reveals an increase in mitochondrial H2O2 under lipopolysaccharide stimulation and a decrease in H2O2 following the combined treatment with rapamycin. This suggests that the level of oxidative stress is significantly suppressed after the enhancement of mitophagy. The rationally designed M-HP offers a powerful tool for understanding redox imbalance during mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Lifei Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Qin Zuo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Roumei Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Min Dai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Yibo Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Zhihe Qing
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
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20
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Jiménez-Loygorri JI, Benítez-Fernández R, Viedma-Poyatos Á, Zapata-Muñoz J, Villarejo-Zori B, Gómez-Sintes R, Boya P. Mitophagy in the retina: Viewing mitochondrial homeostasis through a new lens. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101205. [PMID: 37454969 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is key to support metabolism and homeostasis in the retina, an organ that has one of the highest metabolic rates body-wide and is constantly exposed to photooxidative damage and external stressors. Mitophagy is the selective autophagic degradation of mitochondria within lysosomes, and can be triggered by distinct stimuli such as mitochondrial damage or hypoxia. Here, we review the importance of mitophagy in retinal physiology and pathology. In the developing retina, mitophagy is essential for metabolic reprogramming and differentiation of retina ganglion cells (RGCs). In basal conditions, mitophagy acts as a quality control mechanism, maintaining a healthy mitochondrial pool to meet cellular demands. We summarize the different autophagy- and mitophagy-deficient mouse models described in the literature, and discuss the potential role of mitophagy dysregulation in retinal diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, and age-related macular degeneration. Finally, we provide an overview of methods used to monitor mitophagy in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. This review highlights the important role of mitophagy in sustaining visual function, and its potential as a putative therapeutic target for retinal and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Jiménez-Loygorri
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío Benítez-Fernández
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Departament of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Álvaro Viedma-Poyatos
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Zapata-Muñoz
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Villarejo-Zori
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Gómez-Sintes
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Boya
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Departament of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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21
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Nag S, Szederkenyi K, Gorbenko O, Tyrrell H, Yip CM, McQuibban GA. PGAM5 is an MFN2 phosphatase that plays an essential role in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112895. [PMID: 37498743 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial morphology is regulated by the post-translational modifications of the dynamin family GTPase proteins including mitofusin 1 (MFN1), MFN2, and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1). Mitochondrial phosphatase phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) is emerging as a regulator of these post-translational modifications; however, its precise role in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology is unknown. We show that PGAM5 interacts with MFN2 and DRP1 in a stress-sensitive manner. PGAM5 regulates MFN2 phosphorylation and consequently protects it from ubiquitination and degradation. Further, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation modification of MFN2 regulates its fusion ability. Phosphorylation enhances fission and degradation, whereas dephosphorylation enhances fusion. PGAM5 dephosphorylates MFN2 to promote mitochondrial network formation. Further, using a Drosophila genetic model, we demonstrate that the MFN2 homolog Marf and dPGAM5 are in the same biological pathway. Our results identify MFN2 dephosphorylation as a regulator of mitochondrial fusion and PGAM5 as an MFN2 phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Kaitlin Szederkenyi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Olena Gorbenko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Hannah Tyrrell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Christopher M Yip
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - G Angus McQuibban
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
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22
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Behnam B, Taghizadeh-Hesary F. Mitochondrial Metabolism: A New Dimension of Personalized Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4058. [PMID: 37627086 PMCID: PMC10452105 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy is needed by cancer cells to stay alive and communicate with their surroundings. The primary organelles for cellular metabolism and energy synthesis are mitochondria. Researchers recently proved that cancer cells can steal immune cells' mitochondria using nanoscale tubes. This finding demonstrates the dependence of cancer cells on normal cells for their living and function. It also denotes the importance of mitochondria in cancer cells' biology. Emerging evidence has demonstrated how mitochondria are essential for cancer cells to survive in the harsh tumor microenvironments, evade the immune system, obtain more aggressive features, and resist treatments. For instance, functional mitochondria can improve cancer resistance against radiotherapy by scavenging the released reactive oxygen species. Therefore, targeting mitochondria can potentially enhance oncological outcomes, according to this notion. The tumors' responses to anticancer treatments vary, ranging from a complete response to even cancer progression during treatment. Therefore, personalized cancer treatment is of crucial importance. So far, personalized cancer treatment has been based on genomic analysis. Evidence shows that tumors with high mitochondrial content are more resistant to treatment. This paper illustrates how mitochondrial metabolism can participate in cancer resistance to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. Pretreatment evaluation of mitochondrial metabolism can provide additional information to genomic analysis and can help to improve personalized oncological treatments. This article outlines the importance of mitochondrial metabolism in cancer biology and personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Behnam
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, Amarex Clinical Research, NSF International, Germantown, MD 20874, USA
| | - Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1445613131, Iran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1445613131, Iran
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23
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Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Houshyari M, Farhadi M. Mitochondrial metabolism: a predictive biomarker of radiotherapy efficacy and toxicity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:6719-6741. [PMID: 36719474 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiotherapy is a mainstay of cancer treatment. Clinical studies revealed a heterogenous response to radiotherapy, from a complete response to even disease progression. To that end, finding the relative prognostic factors of disease outcomes and predictive factors of treatment efficacy and toxicity is essential. It has been demonstrated that radiation response depends on DNA damage response, cell cycle phase, oxygen concentration, and growth rate. Emerging evidence suggests that altered mitochondrial metabolism is associated with radioresistance. METHODS This article provides a comprehensive evaluation of the role of mitochondria in radiotherapy efficacy and toxicity. In addition, it demonstrates how mitochondria might be involved in the famous 6Rs of radiobiology. RESULTS In terms of this idea, decreasing the mitochondrial metabolism of cancer cells may increase radiation response, and enhancing the mitochondrial metabolism of normal cells may reduce radiation toxicity. Enhancing the normal cells (including immune cells) mitochondrial metabolism can potentially improve the tumor response by enhancing immune reactivation. Future studies are invited to examine the impacts of mitochondrial metabolism on radiation efficacy and toxicity. Improving radiotherapy response with diminishing cancer cells' mitochondrial metabolism, and reducing radiotherapy toxicity with enhancing normal cells' mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Clinical Oncology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Houshyari
- Clinical Oncology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Stavropoulos D, Grewal MK, Petriti B, Chau KY, Hammond CJ, Garway-Heath DF, Lascaratos G. The Role of Mitophagy in Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration. Cells 2023; 12:1969. [PMID: 37566048 PMCID: PMC10417839 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide a better understanding of the emerging role of mitophagy in glaucomatous neurodegeneration, which is the primary cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Increasing evidence from genetic and other experimental studies suggests that mitophagy-related genes are implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma in various populations. The association between polymorphisms in these genes and increased risk of glaucoma is presented. Reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma, while clinical trials highlight the inadequacy of IOP-lowering therapeutic approaches to prevent sight loss in many glaucoma patients. Mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to increase the susceptibility of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to other risk factors and is implicated in glaucomatous degeneration. Mitophagy holds a vital role in mitochondrial quality control processes, and the current review explores the mitophagy-related pathways which may be linked to glaucoma and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Stavropoulos
- Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK;
- Department of Ophthalmology, 417 Veterans Army Hospital (NIMTS), 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Manjot K. Grewal
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Division of Optometry and Visual Science, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Bledi Petriti
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queens Square Institute of Neurology, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Kai-Yin Chau
- Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queens Square Institute of Neurology, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Christopher J. Hammond
- Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - David F. Garway-Heath
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Gerassimos Lascaratos
- Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK;
- Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
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25
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Tabolacci E, Tringali G, Nobile V, Duca S, Pizzoferrato M, Bottoni P, Maria Elisabetta C. Rutin Protects Fibroblasts from UVA Radiation through Stimulation of Nrf2 Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040820. [PMID: 37107196 PMCID: PMC10135198 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the photoprotective effects of rutin, a bioflavonoid found in some vegetables and fruits, against UVA-induced damage in human skin fibroblasts. Our results show that rutin increases cell viability and reduces the high levels of ROS generated by photo-oxidative stress (1 and 2 h of UVA exposure). These effects are related to rutin’s ability to modulate the Nrf2 transcriptional pathway. Interestingly, activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway results in an increase in reduced glutathione and Bcl2/Bax ratio, and the subsequent protection of mitochondrial respiratory capacity. These results demonstrate how rutin may play a potentially cytoprotective role against UVA-induced skin damage through a purely antiapoptotic mechanism.
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26
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Peng C, Li X, Ao F, Li T, Guo J, Liu J, Zhang X, Gu J, Mao J, Zhou B. Mitochondrial ROS driven by NOX4 upregulation promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell survival after incomplete radiofrequency ablation by inducing of mitophagy via Nrf2/PINK1. J Transl Med 2023; 21:218. [PMID: 36964576 PMCID: PMC10039571 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) remains a major clinical problem. Cells that survive the sublethal heat stress that is induced by incomplete RFA are the main source of HCC relapse. Heat stress has long been reported to increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Although ROS can induce apoptosis, a pro-survival effect of ROS has also been demonstrated. However, the role of ROS in HCC cells exposed to sublethal heat stress remains unclear. METHODS HepG2 and HuH7 cells were used for this experiment. Insufficient RFA was performed in cells and in a xenograft model. ROS and antioxidant levels were measured. Apoptosis was analyed by Annexin-V/PI staining and flow cytometry. Protein expression was measured using western blotting. Colocalization of lysosomes and mitochondria was analyzed to assess mitophagy. Corresponding activators or inhibitors were applied to verify the function of specific objectives. RESULTS Here,we showed that sublethal heat stress induced a ROS burst, which caused acute oxidative stress. This ROS burst was generated by mitochondria, and it was initiated by upregulated NOX4 expression in the mitochondria. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) decreased HCC cell survival under sublethal heat stress conditions in vivo and in vitro. NOX4 triggers the production of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS), and NOX4 inhibitors or siNOX4 also decreased HCC cell survival under sublethal heat stress conditions in vitro. Increased mtROS trigger PINK1-dependent mitophagy to eliminate the mitochondria that are damaged by sublethal heat stress and to protect cells from apoptosis. Nrf2 expression was elevated in response to this ROS burst and mediated the ROS burst-induced increase in PINK1 expression after sublethal heat stress. CONCLUSION These data confirmed that the ROS burst that occurs after iRFA exerted a pro-survival effect. NOX4 increased the generation of ROS by mitochondria. This short-term ROS burst induced PINK1-dependent mitophagy to eliminate damaged mitochondria by increasing Nrf2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Peng
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Ao
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jingpei Guo
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyan Gu
- Library Department, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Junjie Mao
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
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27
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Li J, Lin Q, Shao X, Li S, Zhu X, Wu J, Mou S, Gu L, Wang Q, Zhang M, Zhang K, Lu J, Ni Z. HIF1α-BNIP3-mediated mitophagy protects against renal fibrosis by decreasing ROS and inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:200. [PMID: 36928344 PMCID: PMC10020151 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease affects approximately 14.3% of people worldwide. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the final stage of almost all progressive CKD. To date, the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis remains unclear, and there is a lack of effective treatments, leading to renal replacement therapy. Mitophagy is a type of selective autophagy that has been recognized as an important way to remove dysfunctional mitochondria and abrogate the excessive accumulation of mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) to balance the function of cells. However, the role of mitophagy and its regulation in renal fibrosis need further examination. In this study, we showed that mitophagy was induced in renal tubular epithelial cells in renal fibrosis. After silencing BNIP3, mitophagy was abolished in vivo and in vitro, indicating the important effect of the BNIP3-dependent pathway on mitophagy. Furthermore, in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) models and hypoxic conditions, the production of mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial damage, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the levels of αSMA and TGFβ1 increased significantly following BNIP3 gene deletion or silencing. Following silencing BNIP3 and pretreatment with mitoTEMPO or MCC950, the protein levels of αSMA and TGFβ1 decreased significantly in HK-2 cells under hypoxic conditions. These findings demonstrated that HIF1α-BNIP3-mediated mitophagy played a protective role against hypoxia-induced renal epithelial cell injury and renal fibrosis by reducing mitochondrial ROS and inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qisheng Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xinghua Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xuying Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jingkui Wu
- Shuguang Hospital Affilliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201200, China
| | - Shan Mou
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Leyi Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Minfang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Kaiqi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jiayue Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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28
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Dai C, Qu B, Peng B, Liu B, Li Y, Niu C, Peng B, Li D. Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 facilitates mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in spinal tissues after spinal cord injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109773. [PMID: 36773566 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a high incidence worldwide that causes a heavy physical and psychological burden to patients. It is urgent to further reveal the pathological mechanism and effective treatment of SCI. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the disease progression of SCI. As a mitochondrial membrane protein, phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) is mainly involved in mitochondrial function and mitosis to modulate cellular physiological functions, but the roles of PGAM5 in spinal tissues remain to be unreported after SCI. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of PGAM5 in SCI mice and its relationship with neuroinflammation. The results showed that the mitochondrial membrane protein PGAM5 was involved in microglia activation after SCI, and PGAM5 deletion could improve mitochondrial dysfunction (including abnormal mtDNA, ATP synthases, and ATP levels, Cyt C expression, and ROS and rGSH levels) in spinal cord tissue after SCI, Arg1/iNOS mRNA level, iNOS expression, and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18 levels. In vitro, H2O2 increased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18 levels in BV2 cells, and PGAM5-sh and Nrf2 activators significantly reversed H2O2-induced iNOS expression and proinflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, IP/Western blotting results revealed that PGAM5-sh treatment significantly reduced the interaction of PGAM5 with Nrf2 and enhanced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in BV2 cells. The data suggested that PGAM5 was involved in the cascade of oxidative stress and inflammatory response in microglia via facilitating the expression level of Nrf2 in the nucleus after SCI. It provided a reference for clarifying the pathological mechanism and therapeutic target of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dai
- Orthopedics and Trauma Department, The 963rd (224th) Hospital of People's Liberation Army, 963rd Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, China; Department of Orthopedics, The Third Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bo Qu
- Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Disaster and Emergency Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bibo Peng
- Outpatient Department, The Third Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No.83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Chunlei Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Baogan Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Duanming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China.
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29
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Fu X, Chen S, Xian S, Wu Q, Shi J, Zhou S. Dendrobium and its active ingredients: Emerging role in liver protection. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114043. [PMID: 36462312 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium is a traditional medicinal plant, which has a variety of clinical applications in China. It has been reported that Dendrobium contains various bioactive components, mainly including polysaccharides and alkaloids. Previous studies have shown that Dendrobium has pharmacological activities including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, as well as immune regulation. Particularly, the anti-aging functions and neuroprotective effects of Dendrobium have been well characterized in a wide array of cell and animal models. In recent years, the effect of Dendrobium on the liver has emerged as a new direction to explore its therapeutic benefits and has received more and more attention. This review is focused on the beneficial effects of Dendrobium on liver toxicity and various liver disorders, which presumably are attributed to a consequence of an array of modes of action due to its multiple bioactive components, and largely lack mechanistic and pharmacokinetic characterization. A particular emphasis is placed on the potential action mechanisms related to Dendrobium's liver protection. Research perspectives in regard to the potential therapeutic application for Dendrobium are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Cell and Tissue Bank of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Siting Xian
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shaoyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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Li J, Sun X, Yang N, Ni J, Xie H, Guo H, Wang X, Zhou L, Liu J, Chen S, Wang X, Zhang Y, Yu C, Zhang W, Lu L. Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 initiates inflammation in acute kidney injury by triggering mitochondrial DNA release by dephosphorylating the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Kidney Int 2023; 103:115-133. [PMID: 36089186 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a worldwide public health problem characterized by excessive inflammation with no specific therapy in clinic. Inflammation is not only a feature of AKI but also an essential promoter for kidney deterioration. Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) was up-regulated and positively correlated with kidney dysfunction in human biopsy samples and mouse kidneys with AKI. PGAM5 knockout in mice significantly alleviated ischemia/reperfusion-induced kidney injury, mitochondrial abnormality and production of inflammatory cytokines. Elevated PGAM5 was found to be mainly located in kidney tubular epithelial cells and was also related to inflammatory response. Knockdown of PGAM5 inhibited the hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cytosolic release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and binding of mtDNA with the cellular DNA receptor cGAS in cultured cells. cGAS deficiency also attenuated the inflammation and kidney injury in AKI. Mechanistically, as a protein phosphatase, PGAM5 was able to dephosphorylate the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and facilitate its translocation to mitochondrial membranes, and then initiate increased mitochondrial membrane permeability and release of mtDNA. Leaked mtDNA recognized by cGAS then initiated its downstream-coupled STING pathway, a component of the innate immune system that functions to detect the presence of cytosolic DNA. Thus, our results demonstrated mtDNA release induced by PGAM5-mediated Bax dephosphorylation and the activation of cGAS-STING pathway as critical determinants of inflammation and kidney injury. Hence, targeting this axis may be useful for treating AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi'ang Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ninghao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayun Ni
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengjiang Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Limin Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Formononetin Inhibits Hepatic I/R-Induced Injury through Regulating PHB2/PINK1/Parkin Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6481192. [PMID: 36506934 PMCID: PMC9734001 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6481192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Formononetin (FN), an isoflavone compound mainly isolated from soy and red clover, had showed its anti-inflammation, antioxidative effects in some degenerative diseases and cholestasis. However, the role of FN in protecting ischemia/reperfusion- (I/R-) induced liver injury and the possible mechanism were unclear. In this study, effects of FN on liver injury were investigated in a rat hepatic I/R model; further, mitophagy-related proteins were measured by immunoblotting or immunofluorescence. The possible roles of PHB2 and PINK1 in regulating mitophagy by FN were verified using adeno-associated virus knockdown. The results showed that FN had protective effects against hepatic I/R injury through regulating PINK1/Parkin-regulated mitophagy. Further, we found that FN inhibited PARL expression and prevented PGAM5 cropped by increasing the expression of PHB2. The knockdown of PINK1 or PHB2 both abolished the protective effects of FN. Taken together, our findings indicated that the isoflavone compound FN promoted PHB2/PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy pathway to protect liver from I/R-induced injury. These results provided novel insights into the potential prevention strategies of FN and its underlying mechanisms.
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Lu L, Liu JB, Wang JQ, Lian CY, Wang ZY, Wang L. Glyphosate-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species overproduction activates parkin-dependent mitophagy to inhibit testosterone synthesis in mouse leydig cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120314. [PMID: 36183875 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY), one of the most extensively used herbicides in the world, has been shown to inhibit testosterone synthesis in male animals. Mitochondria are crucial organelles for testosterone synthesis and its dysfunction has been demonstrated to induce the inhibition of testosterone biosynthesis. However, whether low-dose GLY exposure targets mitochondria to inhibit testosterone synthesis and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, an in vitro model of 10 μM GLY-exposed mouse Leydig (TM3) cells was established to elucidate this issue. Data firstly showed that mitochondrial malfunction, mainly manifested by ultrastructure damage, disturbance of mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) overproduction, was responsible for GLY-decreased protein levels of steroidogenic enzymes, which leads to the inhibition of testosterone synthesis. Enhancement of autophagic flux and activation of mitophagy were shown in GLY-treated TM3 cells, and further studies have revealed that GLY-activated mitophagy is parkin-dependent. Notably, GLY-inhibited testosterone production was significantly improved by parkin knockdown. Finally, data showed that treatment with mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-TEMPO (M-T) markedly reversed GLY-induced mitochondrial network fragmentation, activation of parkin-dependent mitophagy and consultant testosterone reduction. Overall, these findings demonstrate that GLY induces mtROS overproduction to activate parkin-dependent mitophagy, which contributes to the inhibition of testosterone synthesis. This study provides a potential mechanistic explanation for how GLY inhibits testosterone synthesis in mouse Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Jing-Bo Liu
- College of Biological and Brewing Engineering, Taishan University, 525 Dongyue Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271000, China
| | - Jin-Qiu Wang
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing, 102442, China
| | - Cai-Yu Lian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Zhen-Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
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Hu B, Li J, Gong D, Dai Y, Wang P, Wan L, Xu S. Long-Term Consumption of Food-Derived Chlorogenic Acid Protects Mice against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity via Promoting PINK1-Dependent Mitophagy and Inhibiting Apoptosis. TOXICS 2022; 10:665. [PMID: 36355956 PMCID: PMC9693533 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity brought on by acetaminophen (APAP) is significantly impacted by mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitophagy, particularly PINK1-mediated mitophagy, maintains the stability of cell function by eliminating damaged mitochondria. One of the most prevalent dietary polyphenols, chlorogenic acid (CGA), has been shown to have hepatoprotective properties. It is yet unknown, nevertheless, whether its defense against hepatocyte apoptosis involves triggering PINK1-mediated mitophagy. In vitro and in vivo models of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity were established to observe CGA's effect and mechanism in preventing hepatotoxicity in the present study. Serum aminotransferase levels, mouse liver histology, and the survival rate of HepG2 cells and mice were also assessed. The outcomes showed that CGA could reduce the activities of serum enzymes such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alleviate liver injury in mice. It could also significantly increase the cell viability of HepG2 cells and the 24-h survival rate of mice. TUNEL labeling and Western blotting were used to identify the hepatocyte apoptosis level. According to data, CGA could significantly reduce liver cell apoptosis in vivo. Additionally, Tom20 and LC3II colocalization in mitochondria may be facilitated by CGA. CGA considerably increased the levels of genes and proteins associated with mitophagy (PINK1, Parkin, LC3II/LC3I), while considerably decreasing the levels of p62 and Tom20, suggesting that it might activate PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in APAP-induced liver damage. Additionally, the protection of CGA was reduced when PINK1 was knocked down by siPINK1 in HepG2 cells, and it did not upregulate mitophagy-related proteins (PINK1, Parkin, LC3II/LC3I). In conclusion, our findings revealed that long-term consumption of food-derived CGA could prevent APAP hepatotoxicity via increasing PINK1-dependent mitophagy and inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangyan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Daoyin Gong
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Yuan Dai
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lihong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shijun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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Feng L, He H, Xiong X, Xia K, Qian S, Ye Q, Feng F, Zhou S, Hong X, Liu Y, Xie C. Plasma-derived phosphoglycerate mutase 5 as a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1022274. [DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1022274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundWe aimed to examine whether plasma-derived phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) can be a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease (PD) diagnosis as well as its association with the severity of motor/non-motor manifestations of PD.MethodsWe enrolled 124 patients with PD (PD group) and 50 healthy controls (HC group). We measured plasma PGAM5 levels using a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Patients with PD underwent baseline evaluations using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), while participants in both groups were evaluated using scales for non-motor manifestations. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the predictive utility of plasma PAMG5 alone and combined with other factors.ResultsPlasma PAMG5 levels were significantly higher in the PD group; the area under the curve (AUC) of plasma PGAM5 levels alone was 0.76. The AUC values for elderly participants and patients without hypertension were 0.78 and that for was 0.79. Notably, plasma PGAM5 levels combined with plasma oligomeric α-synuclein (α-syn) and the score of the REM sleep behavior disorder questionnaire-Hong Kong (RBDQ-HK) showed AUC values of 0.80 and 0.82. Multivariable logistic analysis revealed that plasma PAMG5 levels were independently associated with PD (odds ratio,1.875 [95% confidence interval 1.206–2.916], p = 0.005) but not the severity of motor/non-motor manifestations of PD.ConclusionPlasma PGAM5 is an independent biomarker for PD, especially among elderly patients (age > 60 years) and patients without hypertension. The predictive utility of PGAM5 was improved when combined with plasma oligomeric α-syn or the RBDQ-HK score.
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Zeb A, Choubey V, Gupta R, Veksler V, Kaasik A. Negative feedback system to maintain cell ROS homeostasis: KEAP1-PGAM5 complex senses mitochondrially generated ROS to induce mitophagy. Autophagy 2022; 18:2249-2251. [PMID: 35090371 PMCID: PMC9397415 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.2024702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
If cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production surpasses the intracellular antioxidant capacity, thus altering the ROS homeostasis, the cell needs to eradicate faulty mitochondria responsible for these excessive ROS. We have shown that even moderate ROS production breaks the KEAP1-PGAM5 complex, inhibiting the proteasomal removal of PGAM5. This leads to an accumulation of PGAM5 interfering with PINK1 processing that sensitizes mitochondria to autophagic removal. We propose that such a negative feedback system maintains cell ROS homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Zeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vinay Choubey
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ruby Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Veksler
- NSERM UMR-S 1180, University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France,Vladimir Veksler INSERM UMR-S 1180, University Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry,France
| | - Allen Kaasik
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia,CONTACT Allen Kaasik Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Esteras N, Abramov AY. Nrf2 as a regulator of mitochondrial function: Energy metabolism and beyond. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 189:136-153. [PMID: 35918014 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are unique and essential organelles that mediate many vital cellular processes including energy metabolism and cell death. The transcription factor Nrf2 (NF-E2 p45-related factor 2) has emerged in the last few years as an important modulator of multiple aspects of mitochondrial function. Well-known for controlling cellular redox homeostasis, the cytoprotective effects of Nrf2 extend beyond its ability to regulate a diverse network of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. Here, we review the role of Nrf2 in the regulation of mitochondrial function and structure. We focus on Nrf2 involvement in promoting mitochondrial quality control and regulation of basic aspects of mitochondrial function, including energy production, reactive oxygen species generation, calcium signalling, and cell death induction. Given the importance of mitochondria in the development of multiple diseases, these findings reinforce the pharmacological activation of Nrf2 as an attractive strategy to counteract mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Esteras
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
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Deng R, Wang Y, Bu Y, Wu H. BNIP3 mediates the different adaptive responses of fibroblast-like synovial cells to hypoxia in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Med 2022; 28:64. [PMID: 35690741 PMCID: PMC9188199 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia is one of the important characteristics of synovial microenvironment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and plays an important role in synovial hyperplasia. In terms of cell survival, fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLSs) are relatively affected by hypoxia. In contrast, fibroblast-like synovial cells from patients with RA (RA-FLSs) are particularly resistant to hypoxia-induced cell death. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether fibroblast-like synovial cells in patients with osteoarthritis (OA-FLSs) and RA-FLSs have the same adaptation to hypoxia. Methods CCK-8, flow cytometry and BrdU were used to detect the proliferation of OA-FLSs and RA-FLSs under different oxygen concentrations. Apoptosis was detected by AV/PI, TUNEL and Western blot, mitophagy was observed by electron microscope, laser confocal microscope and Western blot, the state of mitochondria was detected by ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytometry, BNIP3 and HIF-1α were detected by Western blot and RT-qPCR. The silencing of BNIP3 was achieved by stealth RNA system technology. Results After hypoxia, the survival rate of OA-FLSs decreased, while the proliferation activity of RA-FLSs further increased. Hypoxia induced an increase in apoptosis and inhibition of mitophagy in OA-FLSs, but not in RA-FLSs. Hypoxia led to a more lasting adaptive response. RA-FLSs displayed a more significant increase in the expression of genes transcriptionally regulated by HIF-1α. Interestingly, they showed higher BNIP3 expression than OA-FLSs, and showed stronger mitophagy and proliferation activities. BNIP3 siRNA experiment confirmed the potential role of BNIP3 in the survival of RA-FLSs. Inhibition of BNIP3 resulted in the decrease of cell proliferation, mitophagy and the increase of apoptosis. Conclusion In summary, RA-FLSs maintained intracellular redox balance through mitophagy to promote cell survival under hypoxia. The mitophagy of OA-FLSs was too little to maintain the redox balance of mitochondria, resulting in apoptosis. The difference of mitophagy between OA-FLSs and RA-FLSs under hypoxia is mediated by the level of BNIP3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Deng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230012, China.,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research &, Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230012, China.,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research &, Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yanhong Bu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230012, China.,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research &, Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230012, China. .,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei, 230012, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research &, Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China. .,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
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Jung HY, Kwon HJ, Kim W, Hahn KR, Moon SM, Yoon YS, Kim DW, Hwang IK. The neuroprotective effects of phosphoglycerate mutase 5 are mediated by decreasing oxidative stress in HT22 hippocampal cells and gerbil hippocampus. Neurochem Int 2022; 157:105346. [PMID: 35513204 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5), a glycolytic enzyme, plays an important role in cell death and regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. In this study, we investigated the effects of PGAM5 on oxidative stress in HT22 hippocampal cells and ischemic damage in the gerbil hippocampus to elucidate the role of PGAM5 in oxidative and ischemic stress. Constructs were designed with a PEP-1 expression vector to facilitate the intracellular delivery of PGAM5 proteins. We observed time- and concentration-dependent increases in the intracellular delivery of the PEP-1-PGAM5 protein, but not its control protein (PGAM5), in HT22 cells, and morphologically demonstrated the localization of the transduced protein, which was stably expressed in the cytoplasm after 12 h of PEP-1-PGAM5 treatment. PEP-1-PGAM5 treatment significantly ameliorated cell death, reactive oxygen species formation, DNA fragmentation, and the reduction of cell proliferation induced by H2O2 treatment in HT22 cells. In addition, PEP-1-PGAM5 was effectively delivered to the gerbil hippocampus 8 h after treatment, and ischemia-induced hyperlocomotion and neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region were significantly alleviated 1 and 4 days after ischemia, respectively. Ischemia-induced microglial activation was also mitigated by treatment with 1.0 mg/kg PEP-1-PGAM5. At 3 h after ischemia, PEP-1-PGAM5 treatment significantly ameliorated the increase in lipid peroxidation, as assessed by malondialdehyde and hydroperoxide levels, and decreased glutathione levels (increases in glutathione disulfide, the oxidized form of glutathione) in the hippocampus. Two days after ischemia, treatment with PEP-1-PGAM5 significantly alleviated the ischemia-induced reduction in glutathione peroxidase activity and further increased superoxide dismutase activity in the hippocampus. The neuroprotective effects of PEP-1-PGAM5 are partially mediated by a reduction in oxidative stress, such as the formation of reactive oxygen species, and increases in the activity of antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05030, South Korea
| | - Kyu Ri Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Seung Myung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Hwaseong, 18450, South Korea; Research Institute for Complementary & Alternative Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24253, South Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea.
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Choubey V, Zeb A, Kaasik A. Molecular Mechanisms and Regulation of Mammalian Mitophagy. Cells 2021; 11:38. [PMID: 35011599 PMCID: PMC8750762 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria in the cell are the center for energy production, essential biomolecule synthesis, and cell fate determination. Moreover, the mitochondrial functional versatility enables cells to adapt to the changes in cellular environment and various stresses. In the process of discharging its cellular duties, mitochondria face multiple types of challenges, such as oxidative stress, protein-related challenges (import, folding, and degradation) and mitochondrial DNA damage. They mitigate all these challenges with robust quality control mechanisms which include antioxidant defenses, proteostasis systems (chaperones and proteases) and mitochondrial biogenesis. Failure of these quality control mechanisms leaves mitochondria as terminally damaged, which then have to be promptly cleared from the cells before they become a threat to cell survival. Such damaged mitochondria are degraded by a selective form of autophagy called mitophagy. Rigorous research in the field has identified multiple types of mitophagy processes based on targeting signals on damaged or superfluous mitochondria. In this review, we provide an in-depth overview of mammalian mitophagy and its importance in human health and diseases. We also attempted to highlight the future area of investigation in the field of mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Choubey
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (A.Z.); (A.K.)
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