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Jiao Y, Wilson PW, Reid AMA, Dunn IC. The expression of the gastrin/cholecystokinin (GAST/CCK) family and their receptors (CCKAR/CCKBR) in the chicken changes in response to quantitative restriction and reveals a functional role of CCK in the crop. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 321-322:114024. [PMID: 35292263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Gastrin and cholecystokinin peptides bind a common G-protein coupled receptor, cholecystokinin receptor B (CCKBR) whilst cholecystokinin receptor A (CCKAR) is preferentially bound by CCK. Gastrin and cholecystokinin mediate signalling from the gastrointestinal tract to regulate appetite and digestive function. In this study, expression of the cholecystokinin/gastrin family and distribution of their receptors expression was measured to understand the target organs for the peptides and how expression responds to changes in food intake. We confirmed the restricted expression of gastrin in the antrum and the abundant expression of cholecystokinin in the hypothalamus. The expression of gastrin in the antrum was significantly elevated in broiler breeders when released from feed restriction. CCKBR was most abundant in the hypothalamus and proventriculus. CCKAR was most abundant in the pancreas and crop, more than tenfold greater than the gastrointestinal tract. Cholecystokinin expression in the pancreas increased after removal of food restriction. CCKAR in the gastrointestinal tract peaks around the distal ileum, distal to the peak of cholecystokinin expression. There was virtually no cholecystokinin expression in the caecum but CCKAR expression was high. The CCKAR expression in the crop was unexpected, supporting a role of cholecystokinin in mediating crop emptying which was supported by the observation of in-vitro contraction after cholecystokinin administration. The response to changes in food intake and the expression pattern of the cholecystokinin/gastrin family and their receptors will stimulate and inform new hypotheses on their role in growth in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Jiao
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG Scotland, UK.
| | - Peter W Wilson
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG Scotland, UK.
| | - Angus M A Reid
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG Scotland, UK.
| | - Ian C Dunn
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG Scotland, UK.
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2
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Morisset J. Life with the pancreas: A personal experience. Adv Med Sci 2020; 65:46-64. [PMID: 31901477 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review article has primary objective to summarize pancreatic research which has been done in our laboratory since 1965, the first year of the author's registration in the Ph.D. program at the University of Sherbrooke (Canada). It covers the following major topics of pancreatic physiology: controls of pancreatic adaptation to diet, control of pancreatic enzyme secretion, control of pancreatic enzyme synthesis, control of pancreatic growth, intracellular events stimulated during pancreatic growth, pancreas regeneration after pancreatitis and pancreatectomy, the pancreatic cholecystokinin receptor types 1 and 2, growth control and cell signaling in pancreatic cancer cells and finally, cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Morisset
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Ning SL, Zheng WS, Su J, Liang N, Li H, Zhang DL, Liu CH, Dong JH, Zhang ZK, Cui M, Hu QX, Chen CC, Liu CH, Wang C, Pang Q, Chen YX, Yu X, Sun JP. Different downstream signalling of CCK1 receptors regulates distinct functions of CCK in pancreatic beta cells. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:5050-67. [PMID: 26248680 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cholecystokinin (CCK) is secreted by intestinal I cells and regulates important metabolic functions. In pancreatic islets, CCK controls beta cell functions primarily through CCK1 receptors, but the signalling pathways downstream of these receptors in pancreatic beta cells are not well defined. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Apoptosis in pancreatic beta cell apoptosis was evaluated using Hoechst-33342 staining, TUNEL assays and Annexin-V-FITC/PI staining. Insulin secretion and second messenger production were monitored using ELISAs. Protein and phospho-protein levels were determined by Western blotting. A glucose tolerance test was carried out to examine the functions of CCK-8s in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. KEY RESULTS The sulfated carboxy-terminal octapeptide CCK26-33 amide (CCK-8s) activated CCK1 receptors and induced accumulation of both IP3 and cAMP. Whereas Gq -PLC-IP3 signalling was required for the CCK-8s-induced insulin secretion under low-glucose conditions, Gs -PKA/Epac signalling contributed more strongly to the CCK-8s-mediated insulin secretion in high-glucose conditions. CCK-8s also promoted formation of the CCK1 receptor/β-arrestin-1 complex in pancreatic beta cells. Using β-arrestin-1 knockout mice, we demonstrated that β-arrestin-1 is a key mediator of both CCK-8s-mediated insulin secretion and of its the protective effect against apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells. The anti-apoptotic effects of β-arrestin-1 occurred through cytoplasmic late-phase ERK activation, which activates the 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase-phospho-Bcl-2-family protein pathway. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Knowledge of different CCK1 receptor-activated downstream signalling pathways in the regulation of distinct functions of pancreatic beta cells could be used to identify biased CCK1 receptor ligands for the development of new anti-diabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-lei Ning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-shuai Zheng
- Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic degenerative diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Su
- Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic degenerative diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic degenerative diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dao-lai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic degenerative diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-hua Liu
- Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic degenerative diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun-hong Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zheng-kui Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiao-Xia Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chao-chao Chen
- Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic degenerative diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chang-hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qi Pang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-xin Chen
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic degenerative diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jin-peng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic degenerative diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Stone VM, Dhayal S, Brocklehurst KJ, Lenaghan C, Sörhede Winzell M, Hammar M, Xu X, Smith DM, Morgan NG. GPR120 (FFAR4) is preferentially expressed in pancreatic delta cells and regulates somatostatin secretion from murine islets of Langerhans. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1182-91. [PMID: 24663807 PMCID: PMC4018485 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The NEFA-responsive G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) has been implicated in the regulation of inflammation, in the control of incretin secretion and as a predisposing factor influencing the development of type 2 diabetes by regulation of islet cell apoptosis. However, there is still considerable controversy about the tissue distribution of GPR120 and, in particular, it remains unclear which islet cell types express this molecule. In the present study, we have addressed this issue by constructing a Gpr120-knockout/β-galactosidase (LacZ) knock-in (KO/KI) mouse to examine the distribution and functional role of GPR120 in the endocrine pancreas. METHODS A KO/KI mouse was generated in which exon 1 of the Gpr120 gene (also known as Ffar4) was replaced in frame by LacZ, thereby allowing for regulated expression of β-galactosidase under the control of the endogenous GPR120 promoter. The distribution of GPR120 was inferred from expression studies detecting β-galactosidase activity and protein production. Islet hormone secretion was measured from isolated mouse islets treated with selective GPR120 agonists. RESULTS β-galactosidase activity was detected as a surrogate for GPR120 expression exclusively in a small population of islet endocrine cells located peripherally within the islet mantle. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed co-localisation with somatostatin suggesting that GPR120 is preferentially produced in islet delta cells. In confirmation of this, glucose-induced somatostatin secretion was inhibited by a range of selective GPR120 agonists. This response was lost in GPR120-knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The results imply that GPR120 is selectively present within the delta cells of murine islets and that it regulates somatostatin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia M. Stone
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW UK
- Centre for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shalinee Dhayal
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW UK
| | | | | | | | - Mårten Hammar
- R&D, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- R&D, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - David M. Smith
- R&D, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Noel G. Morgan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW UK
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Amisten S, Salehi A, Rorsman P, Jones PM, Persaud SJ. An atlas and functional analysis of G-protein coupled receptors in human islets of Langerhans. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 139:359-91. [PMID: 23694765 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate hormone secretion from islets of Langerhans, and recently developed therapies for type-2 diabetes target islet GLP-1 receptors. However, the total number of GPCRs expressed by human islets, as well as their function and interactions with drugs, is poorly understood. In this review we have constructed an atlas of all GPCRs expressed by human islets: the 'islet GPCRome'. We have used this atlas to describe how islet GPCRs interact with their endogenous ligands, regulate islet hormone secretion, and interact with drugs known to target GPCRs, with a focus on drug/receptor interactions that may affect insulin secretion. The islet GPCRome consists of 293 GPCRs, a majority of which have unknown effects on insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion. The islet GPCRs are activated by 271 different endogenous ligands, at least 131 of which are present in islet cells. A large signalling redundancy was also found, with 119 ligands activating more than one islet receptor. Islet GPCRs are also the targets of a large number of clinically used drugs, and based on their coupling characteristics and effects on receptor signalling we identified 107 drugs predicted to stimulate and 184 drugs predicted to inhibit insulin secretion. The islet GPCRome highlights knowledge gaps in the current understanding of islet GPCR function, and identifies GPCR/ligand/drug interactions that might affect insulin secretion, which are important for understanding the metabolic side effects of drugs. This approach may aid in the design of new safer therapeutic agents with fewer detrimental effects on islet hormone secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Amisten
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK.
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6
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Guilloteau P, Vitari F, Metzinger-Le Meuth V, Le Normand L, Romé V, Savary G, Delaby L, Domeneghini C, Morisset J. Is there adaptation of the exocrine pancreas in wild animal? The case of the Roe deer. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:70. [PMID: 22640469 PMCID: PMC3439256 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physiology of the exocrine pancreas has been well studied in domestic and in laboratory animals as well as in humans. However, it remains quite unknown in wildlife mammals. Roe deer and cattle (including calf) belong to different families but have a common ancestor. This work aimed to evaluate in the Roe deer, the adaptation to diet of the exocrine pancreatic functions and regulations related to animal evolution and domestication. Results Forty bovine were distributed into 2 groups of animals either fed exclusively with a milk formula (monogastric) or fed a dry feed which allowed for rumen function to develop, they were slaughtered at 150 days of age. The 35 Roe deer were wild animals living in the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, shot during the hunting season and classified in two groups adult and young. Immediately after death, the pancreas was removed for tissue sample collection and then analyzed. When expressed in relation to body weight, pancreas, pancreatic protein weights and enzyme activities measured were higher in Roe deer than in calf. The 1st original feature is that in Roe deer, the very high content in pancreatic enzymes seems to be related to specific digestive products observed (proline-rich proteins largely secreted in saliva) which bind tannins, reducing their deleterious effects on protein digestion. The high chymotrypsin and elastase II quantities could allow recycling of proline-rich proteins. In contrast, domestication and rearing cattle resulted in simplified diet with well digestible components. The 2nd feature is that in wild animal, both receptor subtypes of the CCK/gastrin family peptides were present in the pancreas as in calf, although CCK-2 receptor subtype was previously identified in higher mammals. Conclusions Bovine species could have lost some digestive capabilities (no ingestion of great amounts of tannin-rich plants, capabilities to secrete high amounts of proline-rich proteins) compared with Roe deer species. CCK and gastrin could play an important role in the regulation of pancreatic secretion in Roe deer as in calf. This work, to the best of our knowledge is the first study which compared the Roe deer adaptation to diet with a domesticated animal largely studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Guilloteau
- INRA, U1341, Nutrition et Adaptations Digestives, Nerveuses et Comportementales, Domaine de la Prise, 35590 Saint Gilles, France.
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7
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Lavine JA, Raess PW, Stapleton DS, Rabaglia ME, Suhonen JI, Schueler KL, Koltes JE, Dawson JA, Yandell BS, Samuelson LC, Beinfeld MC, Davis DB, Hellerstein MK, Keller MP, Attie AD. Cholecystokinin is up-regulated in obese mouse islets and expands beta-cell mass by increasing beta-cell survival. Endocrinology 2010; 151:3577-88. [PMID: 20534724 PMCID: PMC2940525 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An absolute or functional deficit in beta-cell mass is a key factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes. We model obesity-driven beta-cell mass expansion by studying the diabetes-resistant C57BL/6-Leptin(ob/ob) mouse. We previously reported that cholecystokinin (Cck) was the most up-regulated gene in obese pancreatic islets. We now show that islet cholecystokinin (CCK) is up-regulated 500-fold by obesity and expressed in both alpha- and beta-cells. We bred a null Cck allele into the C57BL/6-Leptin(ob/ob) background and investigated beta-cell mass and metabolic parameters of Cck-deficient obese mice. Loss of CCK resulted in decreased islet size and reduced beta-cell mass through increased beta-cell death. CCK deficiency and decreased beta-cell mass exacerbated fasting hyperglycemia and reduced hyperinsulinemia. We further investigated whether CCK can directly affect beta-cell death in cell culture and isolated islets. CCK was able to directly reduce cytokine- and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death. In summary, CCK is up-regulated by islet cells during obesity and functions as a paracrine or autocrine factor to increase beta-cell survival and expand beta-cell mass to compensate for obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Lavine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Sassmann A, Gier B, Gröne HJ, Drews G, Offermanns S, Wettschureck N. The Gq/G11-mediated signaling pathway is critical for autocrine potentiation of insulin secretion in mice. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:2184-93. [PMID: 20440069 DOI: 10.1172/jci41541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of neurotransmitters, gastrointestinal hormones, and metabolic signals are known to potentiate insulin secretion through GPCRs. We show here that beta cell-specific inactivation of the genes encoding the G protein alpha-subunits Galphaq and Galpha11 resulted in impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in mice. Interestingly, the defects observed in Galphaq/Galpha11-deficient beta cells were not restricted to loss of muscarinic or metabolic potentiation of insulin release; the response to glucose per se was also diminished. Electrophysiological recordings revealed that glucose-induced depolarization of isolated beta cells was impaired in the absence of Galphaq/Galpha11, and closure of KATP channels was inhibited. We provide evidence that this reduced excitability was due to a loss of beta cell-autonomous potentiation of insulin secretion through factors cosecreted with insulin. We identified as autocrine mediators involved in this process extracellular nucleotides such as uridine diphosphate acting through the Gq/G11-coupled P2Y6 receptor and extracellular calcium acting through the calcium-sensing receptor. Thus, the Gq/G11-mediated signaling pathway potentiates insulin secretion in response to glucose by integrating systemic as well as autocrine/paracrine mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Sassmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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Abstract
Studies on the control of pancreatic secretion in humans of all ages have been a difficult task over the years because of patients' availability and ethic committee rules. Nevertheless, studies were performed and the objectives of this review are to summarize our knowledge on the development of secretory process in newborns, on the different phases of the pancreatic responses to a meal, on the pancreatic responses to the different components of the diet, on the mechanisms involved in the control of the pancreatic responses, and finally on the receptors involved in these controls.
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Villafuerte BC, Barati MT, Song Y, Moore JP, Epstein PN, Portillo J. Transgenic expression of insulin-response element binding protein-1 in beta-cells reproduces type 2 diabetes. Endocrinology 2009; 150:2611-7. [PMID: 19213832 PMCID: PMC2689803 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence supports the idea that insulin signaling through the insulin receptor substrate/phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway is involved in the maintenance of beta-cell mass and function. We previously identified the insulin-response element binding protein-1 (IRE-BP1) as an effector of insulin-induced Akt signaling in the liver, and showed that the 50-kDa carboxyl fragment confers the transcriptional activity of this factor. In this investigation we found that IRE-BP1 is expressed in the alpha, beta, and delta-cells of the islets of Langerhans, and is localized to the cytoplasm in beta-cells in normal rats, but is reduced and redistributed to the islet cell nuclei in obese Zucker rats. To test whether IRE-BP1 modulates beta-cell function and insulin secretion, we used the rat insulin II promoter to drive expression of the carboxyl fragment in beta-cells. Transgenic expression of IRE-BP1 in FVB mice increases nuclear IRE-BP1 expression, and produces a phenotype similar to that of type 2 diabetes, with hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and increased body weight. IRE-BP1 increased islet type I IGF receptor expression, potentially contributing to the development of islet hypertrophy. Our findings suggest that increased gene transcription mediated through IRE-BP1 may contribute to beta-cell dysfunction in insulin resistance, and allow for the hypothesis that IRE-BP1 plays a role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty C Villafuerte
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
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11
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El-Kouhen K, Morisset J. Cholecystokinin and Somatostatin Negatively Affect Growth of the Somatostatin-RIN-14B Cells. Int J Endocrinol 2009; 2009:875167. [PMID: 20011057 PMCID: PMC2778184 DOI: 10.1155/2009/875167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
With the exclusive presence of the pancreatic CCK-2 receptors on the pancreatic delta cells of six different species, this study was undertaken to determine the role of cholecystokinin and gastrin on growth of these somatostatin (SS) cells. For this study, the SS-RIN-14B cells were used in culture and their growth was evaluated by cell counting. Results. To our surprise, we established by Western blot that these RIN cells possess the two CCK receptor subtypes, CCK-1 and CCK-2. Occupation of the CCK-1 receptors by caerulein, a CCK analog, led to inhibition of cell proliferation, an effect prevented by a specific CCK-1 receptor antagonist. Occupation of the CCK-2 receptors by the gastrin agonist pentagastrin had no effect on cell growth. Proliferation was not affected by SS released from these cells but was inhibited by exogenous SS. Conclusions. Growth of the SS-RIN-14B cells can be negatively affected by occupation of their CCK-1 receptors and by exogenous somatostatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim El-Kouhen
- Service de Gastroentréologie, Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Jean Morisset
- Service de Gastroentréologie, Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
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12
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Lavine JA, Raess PW, Davis DB, Rabaglia ME, Presley BK, Keller MP, Beinfeld MC, Kopin AS, Newgard CB, Attie AD. Overexpression of pre-pro-cholecystokinin stimulates beta-cell proliferation in mouse and human islets with retention of islet function. Mol Endocrinol 2008; 22:2716-28. [PMID: 18845673 DOI: 10.1210/me.2008-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes result from a deficit in insulin production and beta-cell mass. Methods to expand beta-cell mass are under intensive investigation for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that cholecystokinin (CCK) can promote beta-cell proliferation. We treated isolated mouse and human islets with an adenovirus containing the CCK cDNA (AdCMV-CCK). We measured [(3)H]thymidine and BrdU incorporation into DNA and additionally, performed flow cytometry analysis to determine whether CCK overexpression stimulates beta-cell proliferation. We studied islet function by measuring glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and investigated the cell cycle regulation of proliferating beta-cells by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Overexpression of CCK stimulated [(3)H]thymidine incorporation into DNA 5.0-fold and 15.8-fold in mouse and human islets, respectively. AdCMV-CCK treatment also stimulated BrdU incorporation into DNA 10-fold and 21-fold in mouse and human beta-cells, respectively. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was unaffected by CCK expression. Analysis of cyclin and cdk mRNA and protein abundance revealed that CCK overexpression increased cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin E, cdk1, and cdk2 with no change in cyclin D1, cyclin D2, cyclin D3, cdk4, or cdk6 in mouse and human islets. Additionally, AdCMV-CCK treatment of CCK receptor knockout and wild-type mice resulted in equal [(3)H]thymidine incorporation. CCK is a beta-cell proliferative factor that is effective in both mouse and human islets. CCK triggers beta-cell proliferation without disrupting islet function, up-regulates a distinct set of cell cycle regulators in islets, and signals independently of the CCK receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Lavine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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13
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Galindo J, Jones N, Powell GL, Hollingsworth SJ, Shankley N. Advanced qRT-PCR technology allows detection of the cholecystokinin 1 receptor (CCK1R) expression in human pancreas. Pancreas 2005; 31:325-31. [PMID: 16258365 DOI: 10.1097/01.mpa.0000181487.50269.dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To help clarify the controversy over the detection of expression of the cholecystokinin 1 receptor (CCK1R; CCKAR) in human pancreas. METHODS Applied qRT-PCR to detect CCK1R expression using the SYBR green/Smart Cycler II and the QZyme oligonucleotide/ABI PRISM 7500 systems to detect CCK1R expressed message in highly purified cDNAs from human pancreas and other tissues. Samples of normal pancreas were obtained at operation (pancreaticoduodenectomy; Whipple's procedure) and used to ascertain the expression of CCK1R in human tissue and investigate donor individual variability in expression levels by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and scanning densitometry. RESULTS We present molecular evidence obtained with advanced qRT-PCR technology that clearly establishes CCK1R expression in human pancreas. Amplification variation in individual human samples is documented here. By targeting different stretches of the sequence with several primer pairs, it was observed that SYBR green qRT-PCR failed to amplify efficiently over GGA-and GAA-rich nucleotide triplet regions, leading to false negative results. The QZyme system quantified the expression with the following distribution: stomach > small intestine approximately colon > brain approximately kidney > pancreas. CCK1R expression levels varied from undetectable, to high levels of expression, in individual samples collected from surgical specimens. CONCLUSION CCK1R message can be conclusively detected and quantified in human pancreas cDNA by targeting the appropriate nucleotide sequence regions of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Galindo
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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