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Saeidi A, Motamedi P, Hoteit M, Sadek Z, Ramadan W, Dara MM, Almaqhawi A, Shahrbanian S, Abednatanzi H, Escobar KA, Pashaei Z, Al Kiyumi MH, Laher I, Zouhal H. Impact of spinach thylakoid extract-induced 12-week high-intensity functional training on specific adipokines in obese males. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2398467. [PMID: 39308032 PMCID: PMC11421126 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2398467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity presents multifarious etiopathologies with its management being a global challenge. This article presents the first ever report on the impact of spinach thylakoid extract-induced high-intensity functional training (HIFT) on obesity management via regulating the levels of novel adipokine, C1q/TNF-related Protein-12 (CTRP-12), furin, and Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF-15). METHODS Sixty-eight obese male subjects were randomly divided into four groups: control group (CG), supplement group (SG), training group (TG), and the combined training and supplement group (TSG). After initial assessments of all groups, the training group commenced a twelve-week HIFT using the CrossFit program (comprising of three training sessions per week, each lasting 30 min). Eligible candidates were randomly assigned to either receive thylakoid-rich spinach extract (5 g per day) or a matching placebo (5 g per day of corn starch, 30 min before lunch) for a total duration of 12 weeks. All required data and investigations were collected at 48 h pre- and post-training. RESULTS The results indicated a substantial correlation between exercise and the time of KLF-15, furin, and CTRP-12 demonstrating effect sizes of 0.3, 0.7, and 0.6, respectively. Additionally, the training and supplementation group (TSG) exhibited a substantial decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels (p < 0.0001). Concurrently, there was a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, a notable difference between the groups emerged in HDL, LDL, TC, and TG levels, supported by effect sizes of 0.73, 0.86, 0.96, and 0.89, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The study offered novel insights into the management of obesity using supplements induced by spinach-derived thylakoid extract during a 12-week HIFT program. The proposed combination intervention may reverse obesity-induced insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunctions by positive regulation of CTRP-12/adipolin and KLF15 and simultaneous suppression of furin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Saeidi
- University of Kurdistan, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Pezhman Motamedi
- Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Sport Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maha Hoteit
- California State University, Department of Kinesiology, Long Beach, CA, USA
- University of Tabriz, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadek
- Sultan Qaboos University, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Muscat, Oman
- Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Wiam Ramadan
- The University of British Columbia, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - Shahnaz Shahrbanian
- Kharazmi University, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kurt A Escobar
- National Council for Scientific Research-Lebanon (CNRS-L), Food Science Unit, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zhaleh Pashaei
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Public Health, Section I, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maisa Hamed Al Kiyumi
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Public Health, Section I, Beirut, Lebanon
- Lebanese University, Laboratory of Motor System, Handicap and Rehabilitation (MOHAR), Faculty of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ismail Laher
- Lebanese International University (LIU), Lebanese Institutes for Biomedical Research and Application (LIBRA), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Islamic Azad University, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
- King Faisal University, Department of Family Medicine and Community, College of Medicine, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Delfan M, Saeidi A, Supriya R, Escobar KA, Laher I, Heinrich KM, Weiss K, Knechtle B, Zouhal H. Enhancing cardiometabolic health: unveiling the synergistic effects of high-intensity interval training with spirulina supplementation on selected adipokines, insulin resistance, and anthropometric indices in obese males. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:11. [PMID: 38454429 PMCID: PMC10921712 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the combined effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and spirulina supplementation on adipokine levels, insulin resistance, anthropometric indices, and cardiorespiratory fitness in 44 obese males (aged 25-40 years). The participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control (CG), supplement (SG), training (TG), or training plus supplement (TSG). The intervention involved daily administration of either spirulina or a placebo and HIIT three times a week for the training groups. Anthropometric indices, HOMA-IR, VO2peak, and circulating adipokines (asprosin and lipocalin2, omentin-1, irisin, and spexin) were measured before and after the 12-week intervention. Post-intervention analysis indicated differences between the CG and the three interventional groups for body weight, fat-free mass (FFM), percent body fat (%BF), HOMA-IR, and adipokine levels (p < 0.05). TG and SG participants had increased VO2peak (p < 0.05). Spirulina supplementation with HIIT increased VO2peak, omentin-1, irisin, and spexin, while causing decreases in lipocalin-2 and asprosin levels and improvements in body composition (weight, %fat), BMI, and HOMA-IR. Notably, the combination of spirulina and HIIT produced more significant changes in circulating adipokines and cardiometabolic health in obese males compared to either supplementation or HIIT alone (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the synergistic benefits of combining spirulina supplementation with HIIT, showcasing their potential in improving various health parameters and addressing obesity-related concerns in a comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Delfan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Rashmi Supriya
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, SPEH, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kurt A Escobar
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Long Beach, CA, 90840, USA
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Katie M Heinrich
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Vadianstrasse 26, St. Gallen, 9001, Switzerland.
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Univ Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Rennes, Santé, EA 1274, F-35000, France.
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer, 35850, France.
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Wiseman M, Hinks M, Hallett D, Blundell J, Sweeney E, Thorpe CM, Walling SG, Swift-Gallant A. Evidence that ovarian hormones, but not diet and exercise, contribute to the sex disparity in post-traumatic stress disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 168:213-220. [PMID: 37918034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Females are twice as likely as males to receive a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One hypothesis for this sex disparity is that ovarian hormones, including estrogen and progesterone, contribute to PTSD risk. Alternatively, sex differences in lifestyle factors, such as diet and exercise, may play a role in PTSD risk. Using data from the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow's Health (PATH) cohort (n = 16,899), the relationship between endogenous hormone fluctuations (e.g., menarche, pregnancy, and menopause), exogenous hormone use (e.g., hormonal contraception and hormone replacement therapy (HRT)) and lifestyle variables (diet and exercise habits, as measured by the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener, Healthy Eating Index, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire) with PTSD diagnosis and treatment were analyzed. While several hormonal variables, including contraceptive use, higher total number of pregnancies, younger menarche age, and having undergone menopause increased the risk of PTSD, no lifestyle variables contributed to an increased risk of PTSD diagnosis. These findings support the theory that ovarian hormones contribute to the sex-linked disparity in PTSD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Wiseman
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 242 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Meagan Hinks
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 242 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Darcy Hallett
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 242 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Blundell
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 242 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Ellen Sweeney
- Atlantic PATH, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5849 University Ave, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christina M Thorpe
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 242 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Susan G Walling
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 242 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Ashlyn Swift-Gallant
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 242 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada.
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Saeidi A, Saei MA, Mohammadi B, Zarei HRA, Vafaei M, Mohammadi AS, Barati M, Montazer M, Razi O, Kiyumi MHA, Laher I, Gholami M, Weiss K, Knechtle B, Zouhal H. Supplementation with spinach-derived thylakoid augments the benefits of high intensity training on adipokines, insulin resistance and lipid profiles in males with obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1141796. [PMID: 37576981 PMCID: PMC10422041 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1141796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study investigated the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) combined with spinach-derived thylakoid supplementation on some selected Adipokines and insulin resistance in males with obesity. Method Sixty-eight participants (mean age: 27.6 ± 8.4 yrs.; mean height: 168.4 ± 2.6 cm; mean weight: 95.7 ± 3.8 kg, mean BMI: 32.6 ± 2.6 kg/m2) were randomly divided into four groups of 17 per group: Control group (CG), Supplement group (SG), Training group (TG), and Training + supplement group (TSG). Following baseline measurements, the two training groups (TG and TSG) started the 12 weeks of exercise training program (3 sessions per week). A total of 36 sessions lasting up to 60 min were included in the HIFT program using the CrossFit program. The eligible participants received 5 g/day of thylakoid-rich spinach extract or matching placebo as 5 g/day of raw corn starch (one sachet, 30 min before lunch) for 12 weeks. Baseline assessments were obtained 48 hours before the start of the training protocols and 48 hours after the last training session in all groups. Results There were significant interactions (p<0.001 for all) between exercise and time for adiponectin (ES:0.48), leptin (ES:0.46), resistin (ES:0.3), omentin (ES:0.65), vaspin (ES:0.46), visfatin (ES:0.62), apelin (ES:0.42), RBP4 (ES:0.63), chemrin (0.36) and semaphorin3c (ES: 0.5). Plasma levels of semaphorin3c were significantly correlated (p<0.05) with body weight (r= 0.57), BMI (r= 0.43), FFM (r= -0.612), FAT (r= 0.768), VO2peak (r=-0.53), insulin (r= 0.756), glucose (r= 0.623), and HOMA-IR (r= 0.727). There were also significant group differences in insulin (ES: 0.77), glucose (ES: 0.21), and HOM-IR (ES: 0.44) (p<0.05). Discussion Our findings indicate that 12 weeks of HIFT supplemented with spinach-derived thylakoid reduced levels of leptin, resistin, vaspin, visfatin, apelin, RBP4, chemrin, semaphorin3c and insulin resistance while increasing adiponectin and omentin levels in men with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Saei
- Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Mohammadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Akbarzadeh Zarei
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morvarid Vafaei
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shayan Mohammadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Barati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Montazer
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Razi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maisa Hamed Al Kiyumi
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of 87 Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mandana Gholami
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Univ Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé), Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer, France
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Yelland S, Steenson S, Creedon A, Stanner S. The role of diet in managing menopausal symptoms: A narrative review. NUTR BULL 2023; 48:43-65. [PMID: 36792552 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Menopause is a natural stage that occurs when women stop menstruating, during which many women experience physical and psychological symptoms that can affect their quality of life and ability to work. Dietary modifications and food supplements may be explored by some women as alternatives to hormone replacement therapy, although existing reviews and expert position statements have given this limited consideration. This narrative review summarises the current evidence for dietary patterns, and botanical and food supplements, in the management of common menopausal symptoms, including vasomotor symptoms (VMS; hot flushes; night sweats), changes in bodyweight and composition, psychological symptoms (depression; anxiety; cognitive changes), sleep disturbances, joint pain, skin changes and urogenital symptoms. Soy isoflavones may reduce the frequency and/or severity of VMS, although results are inconsistent, and it is unclear whether dietary and supplemental sources have comparable effects. Adopting a healthier dietary pattern may support a healthy bodyweight and benefit VMS. However, evidence suggesting dietary patterns may benefit depression, anxiety, and cognition remains largely observational. While some botanicals, such as black cohosh and St John's Wort, have been reported in some studies to alleviate symptoms (such as VMS and depression), these are not currently recommended due to uncertainty about the appropriate dose and preparation, and potential safety concerns. Evidence for other symptoms is currently too limited to draw conclusions. While further trials at different menopausal stages are needed, adopting a healthier dietary pattern in accordance with dietary guidelines is likely to help support women's health before, during and after the menopausal transition.
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Saeidi A, Nouri-Habashi A, Razi O, Ataeinosrat A, Rahmani H, Mollabashi SS, Bagherzadeh-Rahmani B, Aghdam SM, Khalajzadeh L, Al Kiyumi MH, Hackney AC, Laher I, Heinrich KM, Zouhal H. Astaxanthin Supplemented with High-Intensity Functional Training Decreases Adipokines Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men with Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020286. [PMID: 36678157 PMCID: PMC9866205 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity training with astaxanthin supplementation on adipokine levels, insulin resistance and lipid profiles in males with obesity. Sixty-eight males with obesity were randomly stratified into four groups of seventeen subjects each: control group (CG), supplement group (SG), training group (TG), and training plus supplement group (TSG). Participants underwent 12 weeks of treatment with astaxanthin or placebo (20 mg/d capsule daily). The training protocol consisted of 36 sessions of high-intensity functional training (HIFT), 60 min/sessions, and three sessions/week. Metabolic profiles, body composition, anthropometrical measurements, cardio-respiratory indices and adipokine [Cq1/TNF-related protein 9 and 2 (CTRP9 and CTRP2) levels, and growth differentiation factors 8 and 15 (GDF8 and GDF15)] were measured. There were significant differences for all indicators between the groups (p < 0.05). Post-hoc analysis indicated that the levels of CTRP9, CTRP2, and GDF8 were different from CG (p < 0.05), although levels of GDF15 were similar to CG (p > 0.05). Levels of GDF8 were similar in the SG and TG groups (p > 0.05), with reductions of GDF15 levels in both training groups (p < 0.05). A total of 12 weeks of astaxanthin supplementation and exercise training decreased adipokines levels, body composition (weight, %fat), anthropometrical factors (BMI), and improved lipid and metabolic profiles. These benefits were greater for men with obesity in the TSG group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Akbar Nouri-Habashi
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Movements, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia 57561-51818, Iran
- Correspondence: (A.N.-H.); (M.H.A.K.)
| | - Omid Razi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Razi University, Kermanshah 94Q5+6G3, Iran
| | - Ali Ataeinosrat
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14778-93855, Iran
| | - Hiwa Rahmani
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Alzahra University, Tehran 19938 93973, Iran
| | | | - Behnam Bagherzadeh-Rahmani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar M3J+373, Iran
| | - Shahin Mahmoudi Aghdam
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14778-93855, Iran
| | - Leila Khalajzadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14778-93855, Iran
| | - Maisa Hamed Al Kiyumi
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat H5QC+36M, Oman
- Correspondence: (A.N.-H.); (M.H.A.K.)
| | - Anthony C. Hackney
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Katie M. Heinrich
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé, University of Rennes, M2S—EA 1274, 35000 Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850 Irodouer, France
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Depression and obesity among females, are sex specificities considered? Arch Womens Ment Health 2021; 24:851-866. [PMID: 33880649 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-021-01123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically review the relationship of obesity-depression in the female sex. We carried out a systematic search (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase) to quantify the articles (controlled trials and randomized controlled trials) regarding obesity and depression on a female population or a mixed sample. Successively, we established whether the sex specificities were studied by the authors and if they reported on collecting data regarding factors that may contribute to the evolution of obesity and depression and that could be responsible for the greater susceptibility of females to those conditions. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we found a total of 20 articles with a female sample and 54 articles with a mixed sample. More than half of all articles (51.35%, n = 38) evaluated the relationship between depression and obesity, but only 20 (27.03%) evaluated this relationship among females; still, 80% of those (n = 16) presented supporting results. However, few articles considered confounding factors related to female hormones (12.16%, n = 9) and none of the articles focused on factors responsible for the binomial obesity-depression in the female sex. The resulting articles also supported that depression (and related impairments) influencing obesity (and related impairments) is a two-way road. This systematic review supports the concurrency of obesity-depression in females but also shows how sex specificities are ultimately under-investigated. Female sex specificity is not being actively considered when studying the binomial obesity-depression, even within a female sample. Future studies should focus on trying to understand how the female sex and normal hormonal variations influence these conditions.
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Bąk-Sosnowska M, Gruszczyńska M, Skrypnik D, Grzegorczyn S, Karolkiewicz J, Ratajczak M, Mądry E, Walkowiak J, Bogdański P. Type of Physical Training and Selected Aspects of Psychological Functioning of Women with Obesity: A Randomised Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082555. [PMID: 34444714 PMCID: PMC8400574 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We conducted a prospective randomised trial to assess whether a specific type of regular physical training performed by women with obesity is related to obtaining specific psychological benefits. Methods: Forty-four women qualified for the study and were divided into two groups. The applied intervention consisted of regular three-month physical exercises in the form of endurance training (group A) or endurance strength training (group B). Initially, and after the completed intervention, we examined anthropometric measurements and the level of: stress (PSS-10), general self-esteem (SES), body self-report (BSQ–34, FRS), and behaviours associated with diet (TFEQ-18). Results: As a result of the intervention, both groups had significantly lower anthropometric parameters and FRS scores with regard to the current figure (gr. A:δ FRS CS −0.90 ± 0.83, p < 0.001; gr. B:δ FRS CS −0.41 ± 0.50, p = 0.01) and BSQ–34 results (gr. A:δ BSQ–34 −14.90 ± 13.5, p = 0.001; gr. B:δ BSQ–34 − 18.64 ± 25.4, p = 0.01). Additionally, an increase in cognitive restraint (δ TFEQ–18 CR1.65 ± 2.06, p = 0.01) and a decrease in emotional eating (δ TFEQ–18 EE −0.82 ± 1.28, p = 0.01) were observed in group B. There were no between-group differences in terms of the magnitude of changes achieved due to the intervention, except for asignificant improvement in the perception of their current figure (FRS) (δ FRSCS −0.90 ± 0.83, p = 0.03) in group A. Conclusions: Regular physical activity over a three-month period by women with obesity promotes the perception of their own body as slimmer and lowers body shape concerns. The change in body shape perception was more pronounced under the influence of endurance training than endurance strength training. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04793451.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bąk-Sosnowska
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (M.B.-S.); (M.G.)
| | - Magdalena Gruszczyńska
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (M.B.-S.); (M.G.)
| | - Damian Skrypnik
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sławomir Grzegorczyn
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Joanna Karolkiewicz
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Marzena Ratajczak
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Edyta Mądry
- Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
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Streb AR, Passos da Silva R, Leonel LDS, Possamai LT, Gerage da Silva AM, Turnes T, Del Duca GF. Effects of Nonperiodized and Linear Periodized Combined Training on Health-Related Physical Fitness in Adults With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:2628-2634. [PMID: 33044366 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Streb, AR, Passos da Silva, R, Leonel, LdS, Possamai, LT, Gerage da Silva, AM, Turnes, T, and Del Duca, GF. Effects of nonperiodized and linear periodized combined training on health-related physical fitness in adults with obesity: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The aim of this randomized controlled trial study was to compare the effects of 16 weeks of linear periodized and nonperiodized combined training (CT) on cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and body composition indicators of adults with obesity. Thirty-four obese adults of both sexes (36.6 ± 4.4 years; body mass index, 32.9 ± 2.7 kg·m) were divided into nonperiodized (NG; n = 8), linear periodized (PG; n = 11), and control (CG; n = 15) groups. The NG and PG groups performed 3 weekly sessions of CT over 16 weeks in different ways. Anthropometric measures, maximal strength for leg press and barbell bench press, maximal oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max), and ventilatory thresholds were determined before and after the intervention. The generalized estimation equation was used, adopting the level of significance for the interaction of 0.10, and 0.05 for the isolated effect of time or group or both. Significant and similar increases were observed in the 1-repetition maximum test for bench press (NG: 48.8 ± 5.7 to 55.0 ± 6.1 kg; PG: 48.7 ± 5.7 to 53.8 ± 5.9 kg; p = 0.001) and leg press (NG: 235.2 ± 18.7 to 268.3 ± 19.7 kg; PG: 223.1 ± 25.3 to 253.3 ± 23.1 kg; p = 0.05) in trained groups. Relative V[Combining Dot Above]O2max improved only in PG (27.8 ± 1.3 to 32.0 ± 1.4 mL·kg·min; p = 0.05), whereas ventilatory thresholds improved in NG and CG (p = 0.004 and p = 0.06). There was an increase in body mass in CG (97.6 ± 3.4 to 99.1 ± 2.9 kg) and NG (92.5 ± 5.4 to 93.5 ± 5.4 kg; p = 0.05). Combined training improved maximal upper- and lower-body strength regardless of periodization. However, for improvements in V[Combining Dot Above]O2max, linear periodization may be superior than nonperiodization in obese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ribeiro Streb
- Departament of Physical Education, Physical Exercise Study Group in Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Center of Sports-CDS, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Robert Passos da Silva
- Departament of Physical Education, Physical Exercise Study Group in Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Center of Sports-CDS, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Larissa Dos Santos Leonel
- Departament of Physical Education, Physical Exercise Study Group in Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Center of Sports-CDS, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Trevisol Possamai
- Departament of Physical Education, Physical Effort Laboratory, Center of Sports-CDS, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Aline Mendes Gerage da Silva
- Departament of Physical Education, Physical Exercise Study Group in Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Center of Sports-CDS, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tiago Turnes
- Departament of Physical Education, Physical Effort Laboratory, Center of Sports-CDS, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Giovani Firpo Del Duca
- Departament of Physical Education, Physical Exercise Study Group in Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Center of Sports-CDS, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Ten Hoor GA, Kok G, Peters GJY, Frissen T, Schols AMWJ, Plasqui G. The Psychological Effects of Strength Exercises in People who are Overweight or Obese: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2018; 47:2069-2081. [PMID: 28573402 PMCID: PMC5603620 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweightness and obesity represent a high burden on well-being and society. Strength training has positive effects on body composition and metabolic health for people who are overweight or obese. The evidence for psychological effects of strength exercises is unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the psychological effects of strength exercises for people who are overweight or obese. METHODS Relevant literature was identified by use of the PubMed and PsycINFO databases. For each study, effect sizes and corresponding variance estimates were extracted or calculated for the main effects of strength exercises on psychological outcomes. RESULTS Seventeen studies were included. There was almost no overlap among the various measures of psychological constructs. The constructs were ordered into eight broad categories. Meta-analytical techniques revealed substantial heterogeneity in effect sizes, and combined with the low number of effect size estimates for each outcome measure, this precluded meta-analysis. Organization of the data showed that the evidence base so far does not show convincing effects of strength training on psychological outcome measures. Some weak effects emerged on self-efficacy, self-esteem, inhibition, and psychological disorders (e.g., anxiety and depression). No additional or comparable effects to other interventions were found for mood, outcome expectations, quality of life, and stress. DISCUSSION The main finding of this review is that despite a strong theoretical basis for expecting positive effects of strength training on psychological outcomes, the literature shows a large gap in this area. The existing research does not show a clear picture: some positive results might exist, but there is a strong need to accumulate more evidence before drawing conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gill A Ten Hoor
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerjo Kok
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gjalt-Jorn Y Peters
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Open University of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 2960, 6401 DL, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Frissen
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemie M W J Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Research School NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Plasqui
- Department Of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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The Association between Body Mass Index and Health-Related Quality of Life in Treatment-Seeking Arab Adults with Obesity. Med Sci (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 29534025 PMCID: PMC5872182 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have thus far been carried out on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and obesity in Arab-speaking countries, an issue that we therefore set out to investigate in this study. HRQoL was assessed by the validated Arabic version of the ORWELL 97 questionnaire in 129 treatment-seeking individuals with obesity referred to the Nutritional and Weight Management Outpatient Clinic at the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics of Beirut Arab University (BAU) in Lebanon, and 129 normal-weight participants of similar age and gender. Participants with obesity, regardless of gender, displayed higher total ORWELL 97 scores when compared with normal-weight controls, indicating that obesity is associated with lower HRQoL. Linear regression analysis showed that a higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with an increase in ORWELL 97 scores, but only among female, not male, participants with obesity (β = 2.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.43-4.53, p < 0.001). Moreover, logistic regression analysis showed that a one unit increase in BMI increases the odds of an ORWELL 97 score ≥ 71.75-considered indicative of a clinically significant impairment of HRQoL-by nearly 23% (odds ratio (OR), 95% CI = 1.23, 1.09-1.40, p < 0.05). If confirmed, our findings should prompt clinicians operating in Arab countries to encourage patients with obesity to initiate and persevere in weight-loss programs at the earliest opportunity.
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Doury-Panchout F, Metivier JC, Nardoux J, Fouquet B. Visceral obesity and chronic pain: effect of a 4-week rehabilitation program on adipokines and insulin resistance. J Exerc Rehabil 2017; 13:464-471. [PMID: 29114514 PMCID: PMC5667626 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1734920.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and chronic pain are two major diseases of the 21th century. Our principal objective was to investigate the effects of a 4-week rehabilitation program on adiponectin and leptin concentrations, and insulin resistance, in patients with abdominal obesity and chronic pain syndrome. Our secondary objectives were to investigate the effects of this program on pain, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and to compare changes in VO2max between patients with or without insulin resistance. Among a consecutive sample of 128 patients with abdominal obesity hospitalized for rehabilitation for a chronic pain syndrome, 111 completed the protocol, which was a 4-week rehabilitation program including 6 hr of rehabilitation per day, 5 days per week, in a referral center of rehabilitation. This prospective cohort study compared clinical (BMI, waist circumference, VO2max, pain) and biological measures (concentrations of adiponectin, leptin and insulin, score of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA]) before and after the program. Plasma leptin, adiponectin and insulin concentrations (P<0.0001) and score of HOMA (P=0.0002) had decreased significantly by the end of the 4 weeks. Pain, BMI and waist circumference decreased significantly, and VO2max improved significantly (P=0.0001). Patients with insulin resistance had less improvement of their aerobic condition at the end of the 4 weeks (P<0.002). The rehabilitation program decreases the concentration of leptin, and improves insulin sensitivity in patients with chronic pain and visceral obesity. Aerobic recovery was worse for patients with insulin resistance than other patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Charles Metivier
- CHIC Amboise Château-Renault, Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Hôpital « Docteur Jean Delaneau » Rue Jules Joran, Château Renault, France
| | - Julien Nardoux
- CHU Tours, Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Tours, France.,CHIC Amboise Château-Renault, Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Hôpital « Docteur Jean Delaneau » Rue Jules Joran, Château Renault, France
| | - Bernard Fouquet
- Fédération Universitaire Inter-Hospitalière de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, CHU Tours, Tours, France
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Ferrari GD, Azevedo M, Medeiros L, Neufeld CB, Ribeiro RPP, Rangé BP, Bueno Júnior CR. A multidisciplinary weight-loss program: the importance of psychological group therapy. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201700010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Otten J, Stomby A, Waling M, Isaksson A, Tellström A, Lundin-Olsson L, Brage S, Ryberg M, Svensson M, Olsson T. Benefits of a Paleolithic diet with and without supervised exercise on fat mass, insulin sensitivity, and glycemic control: a randomized controlled trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2017; 33:10.1002/dmrr.2828. [PMID: 27235022 PMCID: PMC5402870 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Means to reduce future risk for cardiovascular disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes are urgently needed. METHODS Thirty-two patients with type 2 diabetes (age 59 ± 8 years) followed a Paleolithic diet for 12 weeks. Participants were randomized to either standard care exercise recommendations (PD) or 1-h supervised exercise sessions (aerobic exercise and resistance training) three times per week (PD-EX). RESULTS For the within group analyses, fat mass decreased by 5.7 kg (IQR: -6.6, -4.1; p < 0.001) in the PD group and by 6.7 kg (-8.2, -5.3; p < 0.001) in the PD-EX group. Insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) improved by 45% in the PD (p < 0.001) and PD-EX (p < 0.001) groups. HbA1c decreased by 0.9% (-1.2, -0.6; p < 0.001) in the PD group and 1.1% (-1.7, -0.7; p < 0.01) in the PD-EX group. Leptin decreased by 62% (p < 0.001) in the PD group and 42% (p < 0.001) in the PD-EX group. Maximum oxygen uptake increased by 0.2 L/min (0.0, 0.3) in the PD-EX group, and remained unchanged in the PD group (p < 0.01 for the difference between intervention groups). Male participants decreased lean mass by 2.6 kg (-3.6, -1.3) in the PD group and by 1.2 kg (-1.3, 1.0) in the PD-EX group (p < 0.05 for the difference between intervention groups). CONCLUSIONS A Paleolithic diet improves fat mass and metabolic balance including insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, and leptin in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Supervised exercise training may not enhance the effects on these outcomes, but preserves lean mass in men and increases cardiovascular fitness. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Otten
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Stomby
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Waling
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Isaksson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Tellström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Lundin-Olsson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Søren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mats Ryberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael Svensson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Ghroubi S, Kossemtini W, Mahersi S, Elleuch W, Chaabene M, Elleuch MH. Contribution of isokinetic muscle strengthening in the rehabilitation of obese subjects. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2016; 59:87-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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The impact of whole-of-diet interventions on depression and anxiety: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Public Health Nutr 2015; 18:2074-93. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980014002614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveNon-pharmacological approaches to the treatment of depression and anxiety are of increasing importance, with emerging evidence supporting a role for lifestyle factors in the development of these disorders. Observational evidence supports a relationship between habitual diet quality and depression. Less is known about the causative effects of diet on mental health outcomes. Therefore a systematic review was undertaken of randomised controlled trials of dietary interventions that used depression and/or anxiety outcomes and sought to identify characteristics of programme success.DesignA systematic search of the Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed and PyscInfo databases was conducted for articles published between April 1971 and May 2014.ResultsOf the 1274 articles identified, seventeen met eligibility criteria and were included. All reported depression outcomes and ten reported anxiety or total mood disturbance. Compared with a control condition, almost half (47 %) of the studies observed significant effects on depression scores in favour of the treatment group. The remaining studies reported a null effect. Effective dietary interventions were based on a single delivery mode, employed a dietitian and were less likely to recommend reducing red meat intake, select leaner meat products or follow a low-cholesterol diet.ConclusionsAlthough there was a high level of heterogeneity, we found some evidence for dietary interventions improving depression outcomes. However, as only one trial specifically investigated the impact of a dietary intervention in individuals with clinical depression, appropriately powered trials that examine the effects of dietary improvement on mental health outcomes in those with clinical disorders are required.
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Skrypnik D, Bogdański P, Mądry E, Karolkiewicz J, Ratajczak M, Kryściak J, Pupek-Musialik D, Walkowiak J. Effects of Endurance and Endurance Strength Training on Body Composition and Physical Capacity in Women with Abdominal Obesity. Obes Facts 2015; 8:175-87. [PMID: 25968470 PMCID: PMC5652894 DOI: 10.1159/000431002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To compare the effects of endurance training with endurance strength training on the anthropometric, body composition, physical capacity, and circulatory parameters in obese women. METHODS 44 women with abdominal obesity were randomized into groups A and B, and asked to perform endurance (A) and endurance strength training (B) for 3 months, 3 times/week, for 60 min. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and Graded Exercise Test were performed before and after training. RESULTS Significant decreases in body mass, BMI, total body fat, total body fat mass, and waist and hip circumference were observed after both types of intervention. Marked increases in total body lean and total body fat-free mass were documented in group B. In both groups, significant increases in peak oxygen uptake, time to exhaustion, maximal work rate, and work rate at ventilatory threshold were accompanied by noticeably decreased resting heart rate, resting systolic blood pressure, and resting and exercise diastolic blood pressure. No significant differences were noticed between groups for the investigated parameters. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate evidence for a favorable and comparable effect of 3-month endurance and endurance strength training on anthropometric parameters, body composition, physical capacity, and circulatory system function in women with abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Skrypnik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic Disorders and Hypertension, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Education and Obesity Treatment and Metabolic Disorders, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Edyta Mądry
- Department of Physiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Karolkiewicz
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Hygiene, University School of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marzena Ratajczak
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Hygiene, University School of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jakub Kryściak
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Hygiene, University School of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Danuta Pupek-Musialik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic Disorders and Hypertension, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Hassan NE, El-Masry SA, Elshebini SM, Al-Tohamy M, Ahmed NH, Abdel Rasheed E, El-Saeed GSM, Hassan NM, Zikri EN, El Hussieny MS. Comparison of Three Protocols: Dietary Therapy and Physical Activity, Acupuncture, or Laser Acupuncture in Management of Obese Females. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2014.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: The aim of this study was to compare efficiency of three types of obesity management protocols: dietary measures and physical activity; acupuncture or laser acupuncture with  healthy diet among obese females.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Randomized longitudinal prospective study, carried out on 76 adult females. Blood pressure, anthropometric, ultrasonographic and biochemical assessments were done.RESULTS: Females undergo nutritional intervention showed highly significant improvement in the anthropometric measurements, visceral fat at umbilicus by US and diastolic blood pressure (decreased), and insignificant differences in fasting blood sugar and lipid profile. Female undergo acupuncture intervention showed highly significant improvement in visceral fat by US, lipid profile (decreased triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL, and increased HDL), and decreased fasting blood sugar, and insignificant differences in the anthropometric measurements. Those undergo laser intervention showed highly significant improvement in all anthropometric measurements under study, visceral fat at umbilicus by US, blood pressure and some parameters of lipid profile (decreased total cholesterol and LDL). CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional intervention alone could be used to reduce weight if the lipid profile within normal range, but if it is impaired, acupuncture should be used beside. To strength the reduction in body anthropometry, laser intervention was recommended beside the nutritional intervention.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Depression is commonly treated with antidepressants and/or psychological therapy, but some people may prefer alternative approaches such as exercise. There are a number of theoretical reasons why exercise may improve depression. This is an update of an earlier review first published in 2009. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of exercise in the treatment of depression in adults compared with no treatment or a comparator intervention. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Review Group's Controlled Trials Register (CCDANCTR) to 13 July 2012. This register includes relevant randomised controlled trials from the following bibliographic databases: The Cochrane Library (all years); MEDLINE (1950 to date); EMBASE (1974 to date) and PsycINFO (1967 to date). We also searched www.controlled-trials.com, ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. No date or language restrictions were applied to the search.We conducted an additional search of the CCDANCTR up to 1st March 2013 and any potentially eligible trials not already included are listed as 'awaiting classification.' SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials in which exercise (defined according to American College of Sports Medicine criteria) was compared to standard treatment, no treatment or a placebo treatment, pharmacological treatment, psychological treatment or other active treatment in adults (aged 18 and over) with depression, as defined by trial authors. We included cluster trials and those that randomised individuals. We excluded trials of postnatal depression. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors extracted data on primary and secondary outcomes at the end of the trial and end of follow-up (if available). We calculated effect sizes for each trial using Hedges' g method and a standardised mean difference (SMD) for the overall pooled effect, using a random-effects model risk ratio for dichotomous data. Where trials used a number of different tools to assess depression, we included the main outcome measure only in the meta-analysis. Where trials provided several 'doses' of exercise, we used data from the biggest 'dose' of exercise, and performed sensitivity analyses using the lower 'dose'. We performed subgroup analyses to explore the influence of method of diagnosis of depression (diagnostic interview or cut-off point on scale), intensity of exercise and the number of sessions of exercise on effect sizes. Two authors performed the 'Risk of bias' assessments. Our sensitivity analyses explored the influence of study quality on outcome. MAIN RESULTS Thirty-nine trials (2326 participants) fulfilled our inclusion criteria, of which 37 provided data for meta-analyses. There were multiple sources of bias in many of the trials; randomisation was adequately concealed in 14 studies, 15 used intention-to-treat analyses and 12 used blinded outcome assessors.For the 35 trials (1356 participants) comparing exercise with no treatment or a control intervention, the pooled SMD for the primary outcome of depression at the end of treatment was -0.62 (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.81 to -0.42), indicating a moderate clinical effect. There was moderate heterogeneity (I² = 63%).When we included only the six trials (464 participants) with adequate allocation concealment, intention-to-treat analysis and blinded outcome assessment, the pooled SMD for this outcome was not statistically significant (-0.18, 95% CI -0.47 to 0.11). Pooled data from the eight trials (377 participants) providing long-term follow-up data on mood found a small effect in favour of exercise (SMD -0.33, 95% CI -0.63 to -0.03).Twenty-nine trials reported acceptability of treatment, three trials reported quality of life, none reported cost, and six reported adverse events.For acceptability of treatment (assessed by number of drop-outs during the intervention), the risk ratio was 1.00 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.04).Seven trials compared exercise with psychological therapy (189 participants), and found no significant difference (SMD -0.03, 95% CI -0.32 to 0.26). Four trials (n = 300) compared exercise with pharmacological treatment and found no significant difference (SMD -0.11, -0.34, 0.12). One trial (n = 18) reported that exercise was more effective than bright light therapy (MD -6.40, 95% CI -10.20 to -2.60).For each trial that was included, two authors independently assessed for sources of bias in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration 'Risk of bias' tool. In exercise trials, there are inherent difficulties in blinding both those receiving the intervention and those delivering the intervention. Many trials used participant self-report rating scales as a method for post-intervention analysis, which also has the potential to bias findings. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Exercise is moderately more effective than a control intervention for reducing symptoms of depression, but analysis of methodologically robust trials only shows a smaller effect in favour of exercise. When compared to psychological or pharmacological therapies, exercise appears to be no more effective, though this conclusion is based on a few small trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M Cooney
- Royal Edinburgh Hospital, NHS LothianDivision of PsychiatryEdinburghMidlothianUKEH9 1ED
| | - Kerry Dwan
- University of LiverpoolInstitute of Child HealthAlder Hey Children's NHS Foundation TrustEaton RoadLiverpoolEnglandUKL12 2AP
| | | | - Debbie A Lawlor
- University of BristolMRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community MedicineCanynge HallWhiteladies RdBristolAvonUKBS6
| | - Jane Rimer
- NHS LothianUniversity Hospitals DivisionEdinburghScotlandUK
| | - Fiona R Waugh
- Victoria Hostpital KirkcaldyGeneral Surgery, NHS FifeHayfield RoadKirkcaldyFifeUKKY2 5AH
| | - Marion McMurdo
- University of DundeeCentre for Cardiovascular and Lung Biology, Division of Medical SciencesNinewells Hospital and Medical SchoolDundeeUK
| | - Gillian E Mead
- University of EdinburghCentre for Clinical Brain SciencesRoom S1642, Royal InfirmaryLittle France CrescentEdinburghUKEH16 4SA
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Rojo-Tirado MA, Benito PJ, Atienza D, Rincón E, Calderón FJ. Effects of age, sex, and treatment on weight-loss dynamics in overweight people. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:967-76. [PMID: 23905663 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate how sex, age, and the kind of treatment followed affect weight loss in overweight men and women, as well as to develop an explanation for the evolution of weight-loss dynamics. The study consisted of 119 overweight participants (18-50 years old, body mass index >25 and <29.9 kg·m(-2)), who were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment programs, namely, strength training (n = 30), endurance training (n = 30), a combination of strength training and endurance training (n = 30), and a careful treatment including diet and physical recommendations (n = 29). Each of the training groups exercised 3 times per week for 24 weeks, and their daily diet was restricted to a specific protocol during the testing period and controlled carefully. Body weight changes in the participants were evaluated every 15 days. Based on this study, we developed and validated different sets of equations to accurately capture the weight-loss dynamics. There were no significant differences in terms of global body weight changes from the statistical viewpoint, either regarding the carried out treatment or the individuals' ages. However, significant differences in weight-loss tendency were found depending on participant sex. We concluded that the effectiveness of different possible treatments for weight loss varies by sex and, based on our experimental observations, a quadratic function provides the most accurate model for capturing specific weight-loss dynamics. This trial is registered at Clinical Trials Gov.: number NCT01116856.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Rojo-Tirado
- a Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Zapico AG, Benito PJ, González-Gross M, Peinado AB, Morencos E, Romero B, Rojo-Tirado MA, Cupeiro R, Szendrei B, Butragueño J, Bermejo M, Alvarez-Sánchez M, García-Fuentes M, Gómez-Candela C, Bermejo LM, Fernandez-Fernandez C, Calderón FJ. Nutrition and physical activity programs for obesity treatment (PRONAF study): methodological approach of the project. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:1100. [PMID: 23259716 PMCID: PMC3577471 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, scientific consensus exists on the multifactorial etiopatogenia of obesity. Both professionals and researchers agree that treatment must also have a multifactorial approach, including diet, physical activity, pharmacology and/or surgical treatment. These two last ones should be reserved for those cases of morbid obesities or in case of failure of the previous ones. The aim of the PRONAF study is to determine what type of exercise combined with caloric restriction is the most appropriate to be included in overweigth and obesity intervention programs, and the aim of this paper is to describe the design and the evaluation methods used to carry out the PRONAF study. METHODS/DESIGN One-hundred nineteen overweight (46 males) and 120 obese (61 males) subjects aged 18-50 years were randomly assigned to a strength training group, an endurance training group, a combined strength + endurance training group or a diet and physical activity recommendations group. The intervention period was 22 weeks (in all cases 3 times/wk of training for 22 weeks and 2 weeks for pre and post evaluation). All subjects followed a hypocaloric diet (25-30% less energy intake than the daily energy expenditure estimated by accelerometry). 29-34% of the total energy intake came from fat, 14-20% from protein, and 50-55% from carbohydrates. The mayor outcome variables assesed were, biochemical and inflamatory markers, body composition, energy balance, physical fitness, nutritional habits, genetic profile and quality of life. 180 (75.3%) subjects finished the study, with a dropout rate of 24.7%. Dropout reasons included: personal reasons 17 (28.8%), low adherence to exercise 3 (5.1%), low adherence to diet 6 (10.2%), job change 6 (10.2%), and lost interest 27 (45.8%). DISCUSSION Feasibility of the study has been proven, with a low dropout rate which corresponds to the estimated sample size. Transfer of knowledge is foreseen as a spin-off, in order that overweight and obese subjects can benefit from the results. The aim is to transfer it to sports centres. Effectiveness on individual health-related parameter in order to determine the most effective training programme will be analysed in forthcoming publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01116856.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto G Zapico
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Technical University of Madrid, C/Martín Fierro 7, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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Waters L, George AS, Chey T, Bauman A. Weight change in control group participants in behavioural weight loss interventions: a systematic review and meta-regression study. BMC Med Res Methodol 2012; 12:120. [PMID: 22873682 PMCID: PMC3499351 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-12-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unanticipated control group improvements have been observed in intervention trials targeting various health behaviours. This phenomenon has not been studied in the context of behavioural weight loss intervention trials. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-regression of behavioural weight loss interventions to quantify control group weight change, and relate the size of this effect to specific trial and sample characteristics. Methods Database searches identified reports of intervention trials meeting the inclusion criteria. Data on control group weight change and possible explanatory factors were abstracted and analysed descriptively and quantitatively. Results 85 trials were reviewed and 72 were included in the meta-regression. While there was no change in control group weight, control groups receiving usual care lost 1 kg more than control groups that received no intervention, beyond measurement. Conclusions There are several possible explanations why control group changes occur in intervention trials targeting other behaviours, but not for weight loss. Control group participation may prevent weight gain, although more research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Waters
- Cancer Prevention Research Centre, School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Depression is commonly treated with antidepressants and/or psychotherapy, but some people may prefer alternative approaches such as exercise. There are a number of theoretical reasons why exercise may improve depression. This is an update of an earlier review first published in 2009. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of exercise in the treatment of depression. Our secondary outcomes included drop-outs from exercise and control groups, costs, quality of life and adverse events. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis (CCDAN) Review Group's Specialised Register (CCDANCTR), CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Sports Discus and PsycINFO for eligible studies (to February 2010). We also searched www.controlled-trials.com in November 2010. The CCDAN Group searched its Specialised Register in June 2011 and potentially eligible trials were listed as 'awaiting assessment'. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials in which exercise was compared to standard treatment, no treatment or a placebo treatment in adults (aged 18 and over) with depression, as defined by trial authors. We excluded trials of postnatal depression. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS For this update, two review authors extracted data on outcomes at the end of the trial. We used these data to calculate effect sizes for each trial using Hedges' g method and a standardised mean difference (SMD) for the overall pooled effect, using a random-effects model. Where trials used a number of different tools to assess depression, we included the main outcome measure only in the meta-analysis. We systematically extracted data on adverse effects and two authors performed the 'Risk of bias' assessments. MAIN RESULTS Thirty-two trials (1858 participants) fulfilled our inclusion criteria, of which 30 provided data for meta-analyses. Randomisation was adequately concealed in 11 studies, 12 used intention-to-treat analyses and nine used blinded outcome assessors. For the 28 trials (1101 participants) comparing exercise with no treatment or a control intervention, at post-treatment analysis the pooled SMD was -0.67 (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.90 to -0.43), indicating a moderate clinical effect. However, when we included only the four trials (326 participants) with adequate allocation concealment, intention-to-treat analysis and blinded outcome assessment, the pooled SMD was -0.31 (95% CI -0.63 to 0.01) indicating a small effect in favour of exercise. There was no difference in drop-outs between exercise and control groups. Pooled data from the seven trials (373 participants) that provided long-term follow-up data also found a small effect in favour of exercise (SMD -0.39, 95% CI -0.69 to -0.09). Of the six trials comparing exercise with cognitive behavioural therapy (152 participants), the effect of exercise was not significantly different from that of cognitive therapy. There were insufficient data to determine risks, costs and quality of life.Five potentially eligible studies identified by the search of the CCDAN Specialised Register in 2011 are listed as 'awaiting classification' and will be included in the next update of this review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Exercise seems to improve depressive symptoms in people with a diagnosis of depression when compared with no treatment or control intervention, however since analyses of methodologically robust trials show a much smaller effect in favour of exercise, some caution is required in interpreting these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Rimer
- University Hospitals Division, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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El-Kader SMA, Khalifa DA. Impact of Weight Loss on Psychological Well Being and Biochemical Modulation in Obese Patients: A Comparison of Two Treatment Protocols. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2012. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/82473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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