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Inorganic arsenic alters the development of dopaminergic neurons but not serotonergic neurons and induces motor neuron development via Sonic hedgehog pathway in zebrafish. Neurosci Lett 2023; 795:137042. [PMID: 36587726 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.137042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of inorganic arsenic-induced neurotoxicity at the cellular level is not known. In zebrafish, teratological effects of inorganic arsenic have been shown at various concentrations. Here, we used similar concentrations of inorganic arsenic to evaluate the effects on specific neuron types. Exposure of zebrafish embryos at 5 h post fertilization (hpf) to sodium arsenite induced developmental toxicity (reduced body length) in 72 hpf larvae, beginning at a concentration of 300 mg/L concentration. Mortality or overt morphological deformity was detected at 500 mg/L sodium arsenite. While 200 mg/L sodium arsenite induced development of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (dopaminergic) neurons, there was no significant effect on the development of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonergic) neurons. Sodium arsenite reduced acetylcholinesterase activity. In the hb9-GFP transgenic larvae, both 200 and 400 mg/L sodium arsenite produced supernumerary motor neurons in the spinal cord. Inhibition of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway that is essential for motor neuron development, by Gant61, prevented sodium arsenite-induced supernumerary motor neuron development. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) revealed that with 200 mg/L and 400 mg/L sodium arsenite treatment, each larva had an average of 387.8 pg and 847.5 pg arsenic, respectively. The data show for the first time that inorganic arsenic alters the development of dopaminergic and motor neurons in the zebrafish larvae and the latter occurs through the Shh pathway. These results may help understand why arsenic-exposed populations suffer from psychiatric disorders and motor neuron disease and Shh may, potentially, serve as a plasma biomarker of arsenic toxicity.
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Schüttler A, Reiche K, Altenburger R, Busch W. The Transcriptome of the Zebrafish Embryo After Chemical Exposure: A Meta-Analysis. Toxicol Sci 2018; 157:291-304. [PMID: 28329862 PMCID: PMC5443304 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have been published in the past years investigating the transcriptome of the zebrafish embryo (ZFE) upon being subjected to chemical stress. Aiming at a more mechanistic understanding of the results of such studies, knowledge about commonalities of transcript regulation in response to chemical stress is needed. Thus, our goal in this study was to identify and interpret genes and gene sets constituting a general response to chemical exposure. Therefore, we aggregated and reanalyzed published toxicogenomics data obtained with the ZFE. We found that overlap of differentially transcribed genes in response to chemical stress across independent studies is generally low and the most commonly differentially transcribed genes appear in less than 50% of all treatments across studies. However, effect size analysis revealed several genes showing a common trend of differential expression, among which genes related to calcium homeostasis emerged as key, especially in exposure settings up to 24 h post-fertilization. Additionally, we found that these and other downregulated genes are often linked to anatomical regions developing during the respective exposure period. Genes showing a trend of increased expression were, among others, linked to signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt, Fgf) as well as lysosomal structures and apoptosis. The findings of this study help to increase the understanding of chemical stress responses in the developing zebrafish embryo and provide a starting point to improve experimental designs for this model system. In future, improved time- and concentration-resolved experiments should offer better understanding of stress response patterns and access to mechanistic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schüttler
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraβe 15, Leipig, Germany.,Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen, Worringerweg 1, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristin Reiche
- Young Investigators Group Bioinformatics and Transcriptomics, Department Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraβe 15, Leipig, Germany.,Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstraβe 1, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rolf Altenburger
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraβe 15, Leipig, Germany.,Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen, Worringerweg 1, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wibke Busch
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, Leipig, Germany
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Yan C, Yang Q, Huo X, Li H, Zhou L, Gong Z. Chemical inhibition reveals differential requirements of signaling pathways in kras V12- and Myc-induced liver tumors in transgenic zebrafish. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45796. [PMID: 28378824 PMCID: PMC5381109 DOI: 10.1038/srep45796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we have generated inducible liver tumor models by transgenic expression of an oncogene and robust tumorigenesis can be rapidly induced by activation of the oncogene in both juvenile and adult fish. In the present study, we aimed at chemical intervention of tumorigenesis for understanding molecular pathways of tumorigenesis and for potential development of a chemical screening tool for anti-cancer drug discovery. Thus, we evaluated the roles of several major signaling pathways in krasV12- or Myc-induced liver tumors by using several small molecule inhibitors: SU5402 and SU6668 for VEGF/FGF signaling; IWR1 and cardionogen 1 for Wnt signaling; and cyclopamine and Gant61 for Hedgehog signaling. Inhibition of VEGF/FGF signaling was found to deter both Myc- and krasV12-induced liver tumorigenesis while suppression of Wnt signaling relaxed only Myc- but not krasV12-induced liver tumorigenesis. Inhibiting Hedgehog signaling did not suppress either krasV12 or Myc-induced tumors. The suppression of liver tumorigenesis was accompanied with a decrease of cell proliferation, increase of apoptosis, distorted liver histology. Collectively, our observations suggested the requirement of VEGF/FGF signaling but not the hedgehog signaling in liver tumorigenesis in both transgenic fry. However, Wnt signaling appeared to be required for liver tumorigenesis only in Myc but not krasV12 transgenic zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore graduate school for integrative sciences and engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiqi Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaojing Huo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hankun Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore graduate school for integrative sciences and engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Heikkila JJ. The expression and function of hsp30-like small heat shock protein genes in amphibians, birds, fish, and reptiles. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 203:179-192. [PMID: 27649598 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are a superfamily of molecular chaperones with important roles in protein homeostasis and other cellular functions. Amphibians, reptiles, fish and birds have a shsp gene called hsp30, which was also referred to as hspb11 or hsp25 in some fish and bird species. Hsp30 genes, which are not found in mammals, are transcribed in response to heat shock or other stresses by means of the heat shock factor that is activated in response to an accumulation of unfolded protein. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that representative HSP30s from different classes of non-mammalian vertebrates were distinct from other sHSPs including HSPB1/HSP27. Studies with amphibian and fish recombinant HSP30 determined that they were molecular chaperones since they inhibited heat- or chemically-induced aggregation of unfolded protein. During non-mammalian vertebrate development, hsp30 genes were differentially expressed in selected tissues. Also, heat shock-induced stage-specific expression of hsp30 genes in frog embryos was regulated at the level of chromatin structure. In adults and/or tissue culture cells, hsp30 gene expression was induced by heat shock, arsenite, cadmium or proteasomal inhibitors, all of which enhanced the production of unfolded/damaged protein. Finally, immunocytochemical analysis of frog and chicken tissue culture cells revealed that proteotoxic stress-induced HSP30 accumulation co-localized with aggresome-like inclusion bodies. The congregation of damaged protein in aggresomes minimizes the toxic effect of aggregated protein dispersed throughout the cell. The current availability of probes to detect the presence of hsp30 mRNA or encoded protein has resulted in the increased use of hsp30 gene expression as a marker of proteotoxic stress in non-mammalian vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Heikkila
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada.
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Tena TC, Philipp M. Assessing Smoothened-mediated Hedgehog signaling in zebrafish. Methods Cell Biol 2015; 132:147-64. [PMID: 26928543 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Smoothened belongs to the class of atypical G protein-coupled receptors and serves as the transducing molecule in Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Hh proteins comprise a family of secreted, cholesterol-modified ligands, which act both as morphogens and as signaling molecules. Binding of Hh proteins to their direct receptor, the transmembrane protein Patched-1, relieves Smoothened from tonal inhibition by Patched-1 and causes the translocation of Smoothened into the cilium. Here, the Hh signaling cascade is initiated and results in transcriptional activation of Hh target genes such as gli1 or patched-1. This induces a plethora of physiological outcomes including normal embryonic development, but also cancer, which is the reason why scientists aim to develop strategies to manipulate as well as monitor Smoothened-mediated Hh signaling. The zebrafish has emerged as a valuable tool for the assessment of Smoothened-mediated Hh signaling. In this chapter we thus describe how Smoothened-mediated Hh signaling can be monitored and also quantified using zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Casar Tena
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Philipp
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Altenburger R, Ait-Aissa S, Antczak P, Backhaus T, Barceló D, Seiler TB, Brion F, Busch W, Chipman K, de Alda ML, de Aragão Umbuzeiro G, Escher BI, Falciani F, Faust M, Focks A, Hilscherova K, Hollender J, Hollert H, Jäger F, Jahnke A, Kortenkamp A, Krauss M, Lemkine GF, Munthe J, Neumann S, Schymanski EL, Scrimshaw M, Segner H, Slobodnik J, Smedes F, Kughathas S, Teodorovic I, Tindall AJ, Tollefsen KE, Walz KH, Williams TD, Van den Brink PJ, van Gils J, Vrana B, Zhang X, Brack W. Future water quality monitoring--adapting tools to deal with mixtures of pollutants in water resource management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 512-513:540-551. [PMID: 25644849 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental quality monitoring of water resources is challenged with providing the basis for safeguarding the environment against adverse biological effects of anthropogenic chemical contamination from diffuse and point sources. While current regulatory efforts focus on monitoring and assessing a few legacy chemicals, many more anthropogenic chemicals can be detected simultaneously in our aquatic resources. However, exposure to chemical mixtures does not necessarily translate into adverse biological effects nor clearly shows whether mitigation measures are needed. Thus, the question which mixtures are present and which have associated combined effects becomes central for defining adequate monitoring and assessment strategies. Here we describe the vision of the international, EU-funded project SOLUTIONS, where three routes are explored to link the occurrence of chemical mixtures at specific sites to the assessment of adverse biological combination effects. First of all, multi-residue target and non-target screening techniques covering a broader range of anticipated chemicals co-occurring in the environment are being developed. By improving sensitivity and detection limits for known bioactive compounds of concern, new analytical chemistry data for multiple components can be obtained and used to characterise priority mixtures. This information on chemical occurrence will be used to predict mixture toxicity and to derive combined effect estimates suitable for advancing environmental quality standards. Secondly, bioanalytical tools will be explored to provide aggregate bioactivity measures integrating all components that produce common (adverse) outcomes even for mixtures of varying compositions. The ambition is to provide comprehensive arrays of effect-based tools and trait-based field observations that link multiple chemical exposures to various environmental protection goals more directly and to provide improved in situ observations for impact assessment of mixtures. Thirdly, effect-directed analysis (EDA) will be applied to identify major drivers of mixture toxicity. Refinements of EDA include the use of statistical approaches with monitoring information for guidance of experimental EDA studies. These three approaches will be explored using case studies at the Danube and Rhine river basins as well as rivers of the Iberian Peninsula. The synthesis of findings will be organised to provide guidance for future solution-oriented environmental monitoring and explore more systematic ways to assess mixture exposures and combination effects in future water quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Altenburger
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Selim Ait-Aissa
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Philipp Antczak
- Centre for Computational Biology and Modelling, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottbergs Gata 22b, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francois Brion
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Wibke Busch
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin Chipman
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Miren López de Alda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Beate I Escher
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Centre for Computational Biology and Modelling, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Michael Faust
- Faust & Backhaus Environmental Consulting, Fahrenheitstr. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Focks
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klara Hilscherova
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Felix Jäger
- Synchem UG & Co. KG, Am Kies 2, 34587 Felsberg-Altenburg, Germany
| | - Annika Jahnke
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Brunel University, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Krauss
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gregory F Lemkine
- WatchFrog, Bâtiment Genavenir 3, 1 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France
| | - John Munthe
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 53021, 400 14 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Steffen Neumann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Emma L Schymanski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mark Scrimshaw
- Brunel University, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Helmut Segner
- University of Bern, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, PO Box 8466, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Foppe Smedes
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Subramaniam Kughathas
- Brunel University, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Teodorovic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences¸ Trg Dositeja Obradovića, 321000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Andrew J Tindall
- WatchFrog, Bâtiment Genavenir 3, 1 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research NIVA, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl-Heinz Walz
- MAXX Mess- und Probenahmetechnik GmbH, Hechinger Straße 41, D-72414 Rangendingen, Germany
| | - Tim D Williams
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos van Gils
- Foundation Deltares, Potbus 177, 277 MH Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Branislav Vrana
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Werner Brack
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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O'Shaughnessy KL, Dahn RD, Cohn MJ. Molecular development of chondrichthyan claspers and the evolution of copulatory organs. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6698. [PMID: 25868783 PMCID: PMC4403318 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The earliest known vertebrate copulatory organs are claspers, paired penis-like structures that are associated with evolution of internal fertilization and viviparity in Devonian placoderms. Today, only male chondrichthyans possess claspers, which extend from posterior pelvic fins and function as intromittent organs. Here we report that clasper development from pelvic fins of male skates is controlled by hormonal regulation of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway. We show that Shh signalling is necessary for male clasper development and is sufficient to induce clasper cartilages in females. Androgen receptor (AR) controls the male-specific pattern of Shh in pelvic fins by regulation of Hand2. We identify an androgen response element (ARE) in the Hand2 locus and present biochemical evidence that AR can directly bind the Hand2 ARE. Together, our results suggest that the genetic circuit for appendage development evolved an androgen regulatory input, which prolonged signalling activity and drove clasper skeletogenesis in male fins. Claspers are copulatory organs found in male cartilaginous fishes. Here, the authors show that androgen receptor signalling maintains the Shh pathway to promote clasper development in male skates and suggest the importance of hormonal regulation in the evolution of male copulatory organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L O'Shaughnessy
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, PO Box 103610, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | | | - Martin J Cohn
- 1] Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, PO Box 103610, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, University of Florida, PO Box 103610, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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8
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Arnold CR, Lamont RE, Walker JT, Spice PJ, Chan CK, Ho CY, Childs SJ. Comparative analysis of genes regulated by Dzip1/iguana and hedgehog in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:211-23. [PMID: 25476803 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The zebrafish genetic mutant iguana (igu) has defects in the ciliary basal body protein Dzip1, causing improper cilia formation. Dzip1 also interacts with the downstream transcriptional activators of Hedgehog (Hh), the Gli proteins, and Hh signaling is disrupted in igu mutants. Hh governs a wide range of developmental processes, including stabilizing developing blood vessels to prevent hemorrhage. Using igu mutant embryos and embryos treated with the Hh pathway antagonist cyclopamine, we conducted a microarray to determine genes involved in Hh signaling mediating vascular stability. RESULTS We identified 40 genes with significantly altered expression in both igu mutants and cyclopamine-treated embryos. For a subset of these, we used in situ hybridization to determine localization during embryonic development and confirm the expression changes seen on the array. CONCLUSIONS Through comparing gene expression changes in a genetic model of vascular instability with a chemical inhibition of Hh signaling, we identified a set of 40 differentially expressed genes with potential roles in vascular stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey R Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
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9
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Sun L, Li P, Carr AL, Gorsuch R, Yarka C, Li J, Bartlett M, Pfister D, Hyde DR, Li L. Transcription of the SCL/TAL1 interrupting Locus (Stil) is required for cell proliferation in adult Zebrafish Retinas. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:6934-6940. [PMID: 24469449 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.506295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The human oncogene SCL/TAL1 interrupting locus (Stil) is highly conserved in vertebrate species. Previously, we identified a homolog of the Stil gene in zebrafish mutant (night blindness b, nbb), which showed neural defects in the retina (e.g. dopaminergic cell degeneration and/or lack of regeneration). In this research, we examined the roles of Stil in cell proliferation after degeneration in adult zebrafish retinas. We demonstrated that knockdown of Stil gene expression or inhibition of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling transduction decreases the rate of cell proliferation. In contrast, activation of Shh signal transduction promotes cell proliferation. In nbb(+/-) retinas, inhibition of SUFU (a repressor in the Shh pathway) rescues the defects in cell proliferation due to down-regulation of Stil gene expression. The latter data suggest that Stil play a role in cell proliferation through the Shh signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556; Department of Physiology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China 370001
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Aprell L Carr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556; Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Ryne Gorsuch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556; Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Clare Yarka
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Jingling Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556; Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Michael Bartlett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Delaney Pfister
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - David R Hyde
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556; Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556; Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556.
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10
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Pan A, Chang L, Nguyen A, James AW. A review of hedgehog signaling in cranial bone development. Front Physiol 2013; 4:61. [PMID: 23565096 PMCID: PMC3613593 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During craniofacial development, the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway is essential for mesodermal tissue patterning and differentiation. The HH family consists of three protein ligands: Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), Indian Hedgehog (IHH), and Desert Hedgehog (DHH), of which two are expressed in the craniofacial complex (IHH and SHH). Dysregulations in HH signaling are well documented to result in a wide range of craniofacial abnormalities, including holoprosencephaly (HPE), hypotelorism, and cleft lip/palate. Furthermore, mutations in HH effectors, co-receptors, and ciliary proteins result in skeletal and craniofacial deformities. Cranial suture morphogenesis is a delicate developmental process that requires control of cell commitment, proliferation and differentiation. This review focuses on both what is known and what remains unknown regarding HH signaling in cranial suture morphogenesis and intramembranous ossification. As demonstrated from murine studies, expression of both SHH and IHH is critical to the formation and fusion of the cranial sutures and calvarial ossification. SHH expression has been observed in the cranial suture mesenchyme and its precise function is not fully defined, although some postulate SHH to delay cranial suture fusion. IHH expression is mainly found on the osteogenic fronts of the calvarial bones, and functions to induce cell proliferation and differentiation. Unfortunately, neonatal lethality of IHH deficient mice precludes a detailed examination of their postnatal calvarial phenotype. In summary, a number of basic questions are yet to be answered regarding domains of expression, developmental role, and functional overlap of HH morphogens in the calvaria. Nevertheless, SHH and IHH ligands are integral to cranial suture development and regulation of calvarial ossification. When HH signaling goes awry, the resultant suite of morphologic abnormalities highlights the important roles of HH signaling in cranial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Pan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11
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Zebrafish embryos as an alternative model for screening of drug-induced organ toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:767-9. [PMID: 23543011 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Li J, Li P, Carr A, Wang X, DeLaPaz A, Sun L, Lee E, Tomei E, Li L. Functional expression of SCL/TAL1 interrupting locus (Stil) protects retinal dopaminergic cells from neurotoxin-induced degeneration. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:886-93. [PMID: 23166330 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.417089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously isolated a dominant mutation, night blindness b (nbb), which causes a late onset of retinal dopaminergic cell degeneration in zebrafish. In this study, we cloned the zebrafish nbb locus. Sequencing results revealed that nbb is a homolog of the vertebrate SCL/TAL1 interrupting locus (Stil). The Stil gene has been shown to play important roles in the regulation of vertebrate embryonic neural development and human cancer cell proliferation. In this study, we demonstrate that functional expression of Stil is also required for neural survival. In zebrafish, decreased expression of Stil resulted in increased toxic susceptibility of retinal dopaminergic cells to 6-hydroxydopamine. Increases in Stil-mediated Shh signaling transduction (i.e. by knocking down the Shh repressor Sufu) prevented dopaminergic cell death induced by neurotoxic insult. The data suggest that the oncogene Stil also plays important roles in neural protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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