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Park S, Hunter ES. Modeling the human placenta: in vitro applications in developmental and reproductive toxicology. Crit Rev Toxicol 2024:1-34. [PMID: 39016688 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2295349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
During its temporary tenure, the placenta has extensive and specialized functions that are critical for pre- and post-natal development. The consequences of chemical exposure in utero can have profound effects on the structure and function of pregnancy-associated tissues and the life-long health of the birthing person and their offspring. However, the toxicological importance and critical functions of the placenta to embryonic and fetal development and maturation have been understudied. This narrative will review early placental development in humans and highlight some in vitro models currently in use that are or can be applied to better understand placental processes underlying developmental toxicity due to in utero environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Park
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, ORD, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Edward Sidney Hunter
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, ORD, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Yue H, Tian Y, Zhu H, Wu X, Xu P, Ji X, Qin G, Sang N. Fetal Origin of Abnormal Glucose Tolerance in Adult Offspring Induced by Maternal Bisphenol A Analogs Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10910-10919. [PMID: 38862419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
With the widespread use of bisphenol A (BPA) analogs, their health risks have attracted attention. The effects of maternal BPA analogs exposure on glucose homeostasis in adult offspring and the underlying fetal origins require further exploration. Herein, we exposed pregnant mice to two types of BPA analogs─BPB and BPAF; we evaluated glucose homeostasis in adult offspring and maternal-fetal glucose transport by testing intraperitoneal glucose tolerance, determining glucose and glycogen contents, conducting positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT), detecting expression of placental nutrient transport factors, and assessing placental barrier status. We observed that adult female offspring maternally exposed to BPB and BPAF exhibited low fasting blood glucose in adulthood, with even abnormal glucose tolerance in the BPAF group. This phenomenon can be traced back to the elevated fetal glucose induced by the increased efficiency of placenta glucose transport in late pregnancy. On the other hand, the expression of genes associated with vascular development and glucose transport was significantly altered in the placenta in the BPAF group, potentially contributing to enhanced fetal glucose. These findings provide preliminary insights into potential mechanisms underlying the disturbance of glucose metabolism in adult female offspring mice induced by maternal exposure to BPA analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yue
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Yuchai Tian
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Zhu
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Pengchong Xu
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Ji
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Qin
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
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Jiang C, Dong W, Gao G, Sun W, Wang Y, Zhan B, Sun Y, Yu J. Maternal oral exposure to low-dose BPA accelerates the onset of puberty by promoting prepubertal Kiss1 expression in the AVPV nucleus of female offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 124:108543. [PMID: 38232916 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
As the incidence of precocious puberty has risen in recent years and the age at puberty onset is younger, children may be at increased risk for health consequences associated with the early onset of puberty. Bisphenol A (BPA) is recognized as an endocrine disruptor chemical that is reported to induce precocious puberty. The effect of BPA exposure modes, times, and doses (especially low dose) were controversial. In the present study, we evaluated the potential effects of maternal exposure to low-dose BPA on the hypothalamus, particularly on the arcuate (ARC) nucleus and anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) nucleus during peri-puberty in offspring of BPA-treated rats. Pregnant rats were exposed to corn oil vehicle, 0.05 mg·kg-1·day-1 BPA, or 5 mg·kg-1·day-1 from gestation day 1 (GD1) to postnatal day 21 (PND21) by daily gavage. Body weight (BW), vaginal opening (VO), ovarian follicular luteinization, and relevant hormone concentrations were measured; hypothalamic Kiss1 and GnRH1 levels by western immunoblot analysis were also assessed as indices of puberty onset. During or after exposure, low-dose BPA restricted BW after birth (at PND1 and PND5), and subsequently accelerated puberty onset by promoting the expression of prepubertal Kiss1 and GnRH1 in the AVPV nucleus on PND30, leading to advanced VO, an elevation in LH and FSH concentrations (on PND30). We also noted increased BW on PND30 and PND35. Maternal oral exposure to low-dose BPA altered the BW curve during the neonatal and peripubertal periods, and subsequently accelerated puberty onset by promoting prepubertal Kiss1 expression in the AVPV nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Jiang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenke Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanglin Gao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Zhan
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Li C, Yang D, Yang W, Wang Y, Li D, Li Y, Xiao B, Zhang H, Zhao H, Dong H, Zhang J, Chu G, Wang A, Jin Y, Liu Y, Chen H. Hypoxia activation attenuates progesterone synthesis in goat trophoblast cells via NR1D1 inhibition of StAR expression†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:720-735. [PMID: 37552055 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast plays a crucial role in gestation maintenance and embryo implantation, partly due to the synthesis of progesterone. It has been demonstrated that hypoxia regulates invasion, proliferation, and differentiation of trophoblast cells. Additionally, human trophoblasts display rhythmic expression of circadian clock genes. However, it remains unclear if the circadian clock system is present in goat trophoblast cells (GTCs), and its involvement in hypoxia regulation of steroid hormone synthesis remains elusive. In this study, immunofluorescence staining revealed that both BMAL1 and NR1D1 (two circadian clock components) were highly expressed in GTCs. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that several circadian clock genes were rhythmically expressed in forskolin-synchronized GTCs. To mimic hypoxia, GTCs were treated with hypoxia-inducing reagents (CoCl2 or DMOG). Quantitative real-time PCR results demonstrated that hypoxia perturbed the mRNA expression of circadian clock genes and StAR. Notably, the increased expression of NR1D1 and the reduction of StAR expression in hypoxic GTCs were also detected by western blotting. In addition, progesterone secretion exhibited a notable decline in hypoxic GTCs. SR9009, an NR1D1 agonist, significantly decreased StAR expression at both the mRNA and protein levels and markedly inhibited progesterone secretion in GTCs. Moreover, SR8278, an NR1D1 antagonist, partially reversed the inhibitory effect of CoCl2 on mRNA and protein expression levels of StAR and progesterone synthesis in GTCs. Our results demonstrate that hypoxia reduces StAR expression via the activation of NR1D1 signaling in GTCs, thus inhibiting progesterone synthesis. These findings provide new insights into the NR1D1 regulation of progesterone synthesis in GTCs under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wanghao Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yating Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bonan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haisen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongcong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guiyan Chu
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, Department of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingqiu Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huatao Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Basak S, Varma S, Duttaroy AK. Modulation of fetoplacental growth, development and reproductive function by endocrine disrupters. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1215353. [PMID: 37854189 PMCID: PMC10579913 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1215353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal endocrine homeostasis is vital to a successful pregnancy, regulated by several hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin, estrogen, leptin, glucocorticoid, insulin, prostaglandin, and others. Endocrine stress during pregnancy can modulate nutrient availability from mother to fetus, alter fetoplacental growth and reproductive functions. Endocrine disrupters such as bisphenols (BPs) and phthalates are exposed in our daily life's highest volume. Therefore, they are extensively scrutinized for their effects on metabolism, steroidogenesis, insulin signaling, and inflammation involving obesity, diabetes, and the reproductive system. BPs have their structural similarity to 17-β estradiol and their ability to bind as an agonist or antagonist to estrogen receptors to elicit an adverse response to the function of the endocrine and reproductive system. While adults can negate the adverse effects of these endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), fetuses do not equip themselves with enzymatic machinery to catabolize their conjugates. Therefore, EDC exposure makes the fetoplacental developmental window vulnerable to programming in utero. On the one hand prenatal BPs and phthalates exposure can impair the structure and function of the ovary and uterus, resulting in placental vascular defects, inappropriate placental expression of angiogenic growth factors due to altered hypothalamic response, expression of nutrient transporters, and epigenetic changes associated with maternal endocrine stress. On the other, their exposure during pregnancy can affect the offspring's metabolic, endocrine and reproductive functions by altering fetoplacental programming. This review highlights the latest development in maternal metabolic and endocrine modulations from exposure to estrogenic mimic chemicals on subcellular and transgenerational changes in placental development and its effects on fetal growth, size, and metabolic & reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Saikanth Varma
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Derakhshan A, Shu H, Broeren MAC, Kortenkamp A, Lindh CH, Demeneix B, Peeters RP, Bornehag CG, Korevaar TIM. Association of endocrine disrupting chemicals exposure with human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations in pregnancy. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108091. [PMID: 37459690 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the placenta and plays an essential role in the maintenance of pregnancy. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have the potential to interfere with functions related to the production and secretion of hCG; however associations between exposure to EDCs and hCG concentrations in humans remain to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of urinary, serum and plasma concentrations of EDCs during pregnancy with serum hCG concentrations. METHODS We utilized data form the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy (SELMA) study. We investigated the association of 26 EDCs measured in early pregnancy urine or blood with serum hCG concentrations using multi-variable adjusted linear regression models per EDC and Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression with repeated holdout validation for the EDCs mixture. RESULTS In 2,039 included women, higher exposure to bisphenol A was associated with lower hCG (beta [95% CI]: -0.06 [-0.11 to -0.002]) while higher triclosan exposure was associated with a higher hCG (0.02 [0.003 to 0.04]). Higher exposure to several phthalates, including mono-ethyl and mono-butyl phthalates (MEP and MBP) as well as metabolites of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) was associated with a lower hCG (beta [95% CI] for sum of DEHP metabolites: -0.13 [-0.19 to -0.07]). Likewise, higher exposure to several polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was associated with a lower hCG. In the WQS regression, each quartile increase in the EDCs mixture was associated with -0.27 lower hCG (95% CI: -0.34 to -0.19). DISCUSSION Higher exposure to several EDCs during pregnancy was associated with a lower hCG; and despite the small effect sizes, still indicating that the exposure may negatively affect production or secretion of hCG by the placenta. Our results provide the impetus for future experimental studies to investigate the placenta as a target organ for adverse effects of EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Derakhshan
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 15, 3051 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 15, 3051 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huan Shu
- Department of Public Health, Karlstad University, Sweden
| | - Maarten A C Broeren
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, De Run 4600, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Division of Environmental Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University, London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Laboratoire d'Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 15, 3051 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 15, 3051 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- Department of Public Health, Karlstad University, Sweden; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Tim I M Korevaar
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 15, 3051 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 15, 3051 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Uldbjerg CS, Lim YH, Krause M, Frederiksen H, Andersson AM, Bräuner EV. Sex-specific associations between maternal exposure to parabens, phenols and phthalates during pregnancy and birth size outcomes in offspring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155565. [PMID: 35508231 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence on the effects of prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals on birth size remains largely inconclusive. We aimed to investigate sex-specific associations between maternal exposure to parabens, phenols and phthalates during pregnancy and birth weight, length and head/abdominal circumferences. We performed a prospective study of 88 pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis in the period 2012 to 2014. Maternal urine samples were collected during pregnancy in weeks 12 to 36 (median: 18 weeks). The concentrations of parabens, phenols and individual phthalate diester metabolites were analyzed by isotope-diluted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and osmolality adjusted. Linear regression models estimated the associations between urinary levels of selected compounds (tertile(T2-T3)medium/high versus T1low exposure) and birth size, stratified by offspring sex. A total of three parabens, two phenols, four individual phthalate metabolites and four sums of diester metabolites were detectable above limits of detection in at least 60% of urine samples. Overall, we observed few statistically significant associations, but medium/high exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) in male offspring was associated with statistically significant lower birth size across most outcomes [birth weight: -428 g (95% CI -756 to -99.4); birth length: -1.76 cm (95% CI -3.28 to -0.25); abdominal circumference: -1.97 cm (95% CI -3.55 to -0.39)]. Similarly, medium/high exposure to methyl paraben (MeP) in male offspring was associated with lower birth weight (-661 g, 95% CI -1251 to -70.7) and length (-3.11 cm, 95% CI -5.76 to -0.46) compared to low exposure. None of these associations were statistically significant in female offspring. Across all compounds, individual exposures were associated with more negative estimates of birth weight for male than for female offspring. Our study indicates that prenatal exposure to BPA and MeP may negatively affect birth size outcomes, with a possible sex effect. Given the small sample size, these findings need to be replicated in future larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie S Uldbjerg
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Marianna Krause
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elvira V Bräuner
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Fetomaternal Expression of Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)—Biochemical, Cellular and Clinical Aspects. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102025. [PMID: 35631166 PMCID: PMC9146575 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of specialized glucose transporters (GLUTs) provide constant glucose transport from the maternal circulation to the developing fetus through the placental barrier from the early stages of pregnancy. GLUT1 is a prominent protein isoform that regulates placental glucose transfer via glucose-facilitated diffusion. The GLUT1 membrane protein density and permeability of the syncytial basal membrane (BM) are the main factors limiting the rate of glucose diffusion in the fetomaternal compartment in physiological conditions. Besides GLUT1, the GLUT3 and GLUT4 isoforms are widely expressed across the human placenta. Numerous medical conditions and molecules, such as hormones, adipokines, and xenobiotics, alter the GLUT’s mRNA and protein expression. Diabetes upregulates the BM GLUT’s density and promotes fetomaternal glucose transport, leading to excessive fetal growth. However, most studies have found no between-group differences in GLUTs’ placental expression in macrosomic and normal control pregnancies. The fetomaternal GLUTs expression may also be influenced by several other conditions, such as chronic hypoxia, preeclampsia, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
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Zou Z, Harris LK, Forbes K, Heazell AEP. Sex-specific effects of Bisphenol a on the signalling pathway of ESRRG in the human placenta. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:1278-1291. [PMID: 35220427 PMCID: PMC9198953 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure during pregnancy is associated with low fetal weight, particularly in male fetuses. The expression of estrogen-related receptor gamma (ESRRG), a receptor for BPA in the human placenta, is reduced in fetal growth restriction. This study sought to explore whether ESRRG signaling mediates BPA-induced placental dysfunction and determine whether changes in the ESRRG signaling pathway are sex-specific. Placental villous explants from 18 normal term pregnancies were cultured with a range of BPA concentrations (1 nM–1 μM). Baseline BPA concentrations in the placental tissue used for explant culture ranged from 0.04 to 5.1 nM (average 2.3 ±1.9 nM; n = 6). Expression of ESRRG signaling pathway constituents and cell turnover were quantified. BPA (1 μM) increased ESRRG mRNA expression after 24 h in both sexes. ESRRG mRNA and protein expression was increased in female placentas treated with 1 μM BPA for 24 h but was decreased in male placentas treated with 1 nM or 1 μM for 48 h. Levels of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD17B1) and placenta specific-1 (PLAC1), genes downstream of ESRRG, were also affected. HSD17B1 mRNA expression was increased in female placentas by 1 μM BPA; however, 1 nM BPA reduced HSD17B1 and PLAC1 expression in male placentas at 48 h. BPA treatment did not affect rates of proliferation, apoptosis, or syncytiotrophoblast differentiation in cultured villous explants. This study has demonstrated that BPA affects the ESRRG signaling pathway in a sex-specific manner in human placentas and a possible biological mechanism to explain the differential effects of BPA exposure on male and female fetuses observed in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zou
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, 5th floor (Research), St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK, M13 9WL
| | - Lynda K Harris
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, 5th floor (Research), St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK, M13 9WL
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Karen Forbes
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, 5th floor (Research), St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK, M13 9WL
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alexander E P Heazell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, 5th floor (Research), St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK, M13 9WL
- St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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10
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Mao J, Kinkade JA, Bivens NJ, Rosenfeld CS. miRNA changes in the mouse placenta due to bisphenol A exposure. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1909-1919. [PMID: 34841895 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine small RNA expression changes in mouse placenta induced by bisphenol A (BPA) exposure. Methods: Exposing female mice to BPA two weeks prior to conception through gestational day 12.5; whereupon fetal placentas were collected, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C. Small RNAs were isolated and used for small RNA-sequencing. Results: 43 small RNAs were differentially expressed. Target mRNAs were closely aligned to those expressed by thymus and brain, and pathway enrichment analyses indicated that such target mRNAs regulate neurogenesis and associated neurodevelopment processes. Conclusions: BPA induces several small RNAs in mouse placenta that might provide biomarkers for BPA exposure. Further, the placenta might affect fetal brain development through the secretion of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiude Mao
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jessica A Kinkade
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Nathan J Bivens
- Genomics Technology Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,MU Institute for Data Science & Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Thompson Center for Autism & Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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11
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Marinello WP, Patisaul HB. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and placental function: Impact on fetal brain development. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:347-400. [PMID: 34452690 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a critical time of vulnerability for the development of the fetal brain. Exposure to environmental pollutants at any point in pregnancy can negatively impact many aspects of fetal development, especially the organization and differentiation of the brain. The placenta performs a variety of functions that can help protect the fetus and sustain brain development. However, disruption of any of these functions can have negative impacts on both the pregnancy outcome and fetal neurodevelopment. This review presents current understanding of how environmental exposures, specifically to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), interfere with placental function and, in turn, neurodevelopment. Some of the key differences in placental development between animal models are presented, as well as how placental functions such as serving as a xenobiotic barrier and exchange organ, immune interface, regulator of growth and fetal oxygenation, and a neuroendocrine organ, could be vulnerable to environmental exposure. This review illustrates the importance of the placenta as a modulator of fetal brain development and suggests critical unexplored areas and possible vulnerabilities to environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Marinello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
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12
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Placental Glucose Transporters and Response to Bisphenol A in Pregnancies from of Normal and Overweight Mothers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126625. [PMID: 34205666 PMCID: PMC8233759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic phenol extensively used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins and a component of liquid and food storages. Among health disorders potentially attributed to BPA, the effects on metabolism have been especially studied. BPA represents a hazard in prenatal life because of its presence in tissues and fluids during pregnancy. Our recent study in rats fed with BPA showed a placental increase in glucose type 1 transporter (GLUT-1), suggesting a higher uptake of glucose. However, the role of BPA on GLUT transporters in pregnant women with metabolic dysfunction has not yet been investigated. In this study, placental tissue from 26 overweight (OW) women and 32 age-matched normal weight (NW) pregnant women were examined for expression of GLUT1 and GLUT4. Placental explants from OW and NW mothers were exposed to BPA 1 nM and 1 μM and tested for GLUTs expression. The data showed a different response of placental explants to BPA in GLUT1 expression with an increase in NW mothers and a decrease in OW ones. GLUT4 expression was lower in the explants from OW than NW mothers, while no difference was showed between OW and NW in placental biopsies for any of the transporters.
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13
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Adibi JJ, Layden AJ, Yin Q, Xun X, Peddada S, Birru RL. A toolkit for the application of placental-fetal molecular biomarkers in epidemiologic studies of the fetal origins of chronic disease. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2020; 8:20-31. [PMID: 33777648 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review In this review, we provide essential background knowledge and an analytical framework for the application of placental-fetal molecular biomarkers in fetal origins chronic disease epidemiology. The widely available and highly quantitative placental hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is used as an example. hCG is currently used for diagnosing fetal genetic disorders; yet it can and should be expanded to understanding the fetal origins of chronic diseases. We provide justification and methods to do this. Recent findings Ten papers published in the last 5 years were identified with supportive findings relevant to the application of biomarkers of hCG in epidemiologic studies on the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). Summary There is increasing and consistent evidence that placental-fetal biomarkers may be highly informative in observational studies, as exemplified by hCG, with the correct approaches for measurement and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Adibi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health
| | - Alexander J Layden
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health
| | - Qing Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health
| | - Xiaoshuang Xun
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health
| | - Shyamal Peddada
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health
| | - Rahel L Birru
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health
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14
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Benincasa L, Mandalà M, Paulesu L, Barberio L, Ietta F. Prenatal Nutrition Containing Bisphenol A Affects Placenta Glucose Transfer: Evidence in Rats and Human Trophoblast. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051375. [PMID: 32403449 PMCID: PMC7284709 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to clarify the effect of dietary supplementation with Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical widely present in beverage and food containers, on placental glucose transfer and pregnancy outcome. The study was performed on female Sprague Dawley rats fed with a diet containing BPA (2.5, 25 or 250 μg/Kg/day) for a period of a month (virgin state) plus 20 days during pregnancy. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed in placental tissues for glucose type 1 transporter (GLUT1). Furthermore, human trophoblast, HTR8-SV/neo cells, were used to evaluate the effect of BPA on glucose transport and uptake. Studies in rats showed that food supplementation with BPA, produces a higher fetal weight (FW) to placenta weight (PW) ratio at the lowest BPA concentration. Such low concentrations also reduced maternal weight gain in late pregnancy and up-regulated placental expression of GLUT1. Treatment of HTR8-SV/neo with the non-toxic dose of 1 nM BPA confirmed up-regulation of GLUT1 expression and revealed higher activity of the transporter with an increase in glucose uptake and GLUT1 membrane translocation. Overall, these results indicate that prenatal exposure to BPA affects pregnancy and fetal growth producing changes in the placental nutrients-glucose transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Benincasa
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.B.); (F.I.)
| | - Maurizio Mandalà
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Luana Paulesu
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.B.); (F.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Barberio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Francesca Ietta
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.B.); (F.I.)
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15
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Fan H, Jiang L, Lee YL, Wong CKC, Ng EHY, Yeung WSB, Lee KF. Bisphenol compounds regulate decidualized stromal cells in modulating trophoblastic spheroid outgrowth and invasion in vitro†. Biol Reprod 2020; 102:693-704. [PMID: 31742322 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is commonly found in epoxy resins used in the manufacture of plastic coatings in food packaging and beverage cans. There is a growing concern about BPA as a weak estrogenic compound that can affect human endocrine function. Chemicals structurally similar to BPA, such as bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS), have been developed as substitutes in the manufacturing industry. Whether these bisphenol substitutes have adverse effects on human endocrine and reproductive systems remains largely unknown. This study investigated the effects of BPA, BPF, and BPS on regulating the function of decidualized human primary endometrial stromal cells on trophoblast outgrowth and invasion by indirect and direct co-culture models. All three bisphenols did not affect the stromal cell decidualization process. However, BPA- and BPF-treated decidualized stromal cells stimulated trophoblastic spheroid invasion in the indirect coculture model. The BPA-treated decidualized stromal cells had upregulated expressions of several invasion-related molecules including leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), whereas both BPA- and BPF-treated decidualized stromal cells had downregulated expressions of anti-invasion molecules including plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) . Taken together, BPA and BPF altered the expression of invasive and anti-invasive molecules in decidualized stromal cells modulating its function on trophoblast outgrowth and invasion, which could affect the implantation process and subsequent pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Luhan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yin-Lau Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ernest H Y Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - William S B Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Kai-Fai Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
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16
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Li A, Zhuang T, Shi W, Liang Y, Liao C, Song M, Jiang G. Serum concentration of bisphenol analogues in pregnant women in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:136100. [PMID: 31863985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing concern regarding human exposure to bisphenol analogues (BPs) due to their widespread use and potentially adverse effects. Nevertheless, information on the occurrence of BPs in pregnant women is limited. In this study, BPs were detected in 181 serum samples from pregnant Chinese women. Ten BPs, including bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol AF (BPAF), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol P (BPP), bisphenol Z (BPZ), bisphenol AP (BPAP), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS), and tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA), were positively identified and quantified in serum samples with total BP concentrations (sum of bisphenols: ∑BPs) of 0-144 ng/mL. Concentrations of the two frequently detected compounds, TBBPS and BPS, were 0.593 and 0.113 ng/mL, respectively. The results were also compared with the geographic distributions of the BPs. To our knowledge, this is the first time that TBBPS and TCBPA have been detected in serum samples of pregnant women. These findings suggest that additional studies are urgently needed to identify the risk of maternal and fetal exposure to these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Taifeng Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Maoyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, PR China
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17
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Mao J, Jain A, Denslow ND, Nouri MZ, Chen S, Wang T, Zhu N, Koh J, Sarma SJ, Sumner BW, Lei Z, Sumner LW, Bivens NJ, Roberts RM, Tuteja G, Rosenfeld CS. Bisphenol A and bisphenol S disruptions of the mouse placenta and potential effects on the placenta-brain axis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:4642-4652. [PMID: 32071231 PMCID: PMC7060676 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919563117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental trophoblast cells are potentially at risk from circulating endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as bisphenol A (BPA). To understand how BPA and the reputedly more inert bisphenol S (BPS) affect the placenta, C57BL6J mouse dams were fed 200 μg/kg body weight BPA or BPS daily for 2 wk and then bred. They continued to receive these chemicals until embryonic day 12.5, whereupon placental samples were collected and compared with unexposed controls. BPA and BPS altered the expression of an identical set of 13 genes. Both exposures led to a decrease in the area occupied by spongiotrophoblast relative to trophoblast giant cells (GCs) within the junctional zone, markedly reduced placental serotonin (5-HT) concentrations, and lowered 5-HT GC immunoreactivity. Concentrations of dopamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, the main metabolite of serotonin, were increased. GC dopamine immunoreactivity was increased in BPA- and BPS-exposed placentas. A strong positive correlation between 5-HT+ GCs and reductions in spongiotrophoblast to GC area suggests that this neurotransmitter is essential for maintaining cells within the junctional zone. In contrast, a negative correlation existed between dopamine+ GCs and reductions in spongiotrophoblast to GC area ratio. These outcomes lead to the following conclusions. First, BPS exposure causes almost identical placental effects as BPA. Second, a major target of BPA/BPS is either spongiotrophoblast or GCs within the junctional zone. Third, imbalances in neurotransmitter-positive GCs and an observed decrease in docosahexaenoic acid and estradiol, also occurring in response to BPA/BPS exposure, likely affect the placental-brain axis of the developing mouse fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiude Mao
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Ashish Jain
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
- Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Mohammad-Zaman Nouri
- Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Tingting Wang
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Ning Zhu
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jin Koh
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Saurav J Sarma
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- University of Missouri Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Barbara W Sumner
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- University of Missouri Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- University of Missouri Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- University of Missouri Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Nathan J Bivens
- DNA Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - R Michael Roberts
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
- Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Geetu Tuteja
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011;
- Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- University of Missouri Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
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18
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de Aguiar Greca SC, Kyrou I, Pink R, Randeva H, Grammatopoulos D, Silva E, Karteris E. Involvement of the Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Bisphenol A (BPA) in Human Placentation. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020405. [PMID: 32028606 PMCID: PMC7074564 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are environmental chemicals/toxicants that humans are exposed to, interfering with the action of multiple hormones. Bisphenol A (BPA) is classified as an EDC with xenoestrogenic activity with potentially adverse effects in reproduction. Currently, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding the complete spectrum of BPA-induced effects on the human placenta. As such, the present study examined the effects of physiologically relevant doses of BPA in vitro. Methods: qRT-PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, ELISA, microarray analyses, and bioinformatics have been employed to study the effects of BPA using nonsyncytialised (non-ST) and syncytialised (ST) BeWo cells. Results: Treatment with 3 nM BPA led to an increase in cell number and altered the phosphorylation status of p38, an effect mediated primarily via the membrane-bound estrogen receptor (GPR30). Nonbiased microarray analysis identified 1195 and 477 genes that were differentially regulated in non-ST BeWo cells, whereas in ST BeWo cells, 309 and 158 genes had altered expression when treated with 3 and 10 nM, respectively. Enriched pathway analyses in non-ST BeWo identified a leptin and insulin overlap (3 nM), methylation pathways (10 nM), and differentiation of white and brown adipocytes (common). In the ST model, most significantly enriched were the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway (3 nM) and mir-124 predicted interactions with cell cycle and differentiation (10 nM). Conclusion: Collectively, our data offer a new insight regarding BPA effects at the placental level, and provide a potential link with metabolic changes that can have an impact on the developing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK;
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, UHCW NHS Trust, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (H.R.); (D.G.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ryan Pink
- Dept of Bio. & Med. Sci., Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK;
| | - Harpal Randeva
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, UHCW NHS Trust, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (H.R.); (D.G.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Dimitris Grammatopoulos
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, UHCW NHS Trust, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (H.R.); (D.G.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Elisabete Silva
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Emmanouil Karteris
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (E.K.)
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19
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Robinson JF, Kapidzic M, Hamilton EG, Chen H, Puckett KW, Zhou Y, Ona K, Parry E, Wang Y, Park JS, Costello JF, Fisher SJ. Genomic Profiling of BDE-47 Effects on Human Placental Cytotrophoblasts. Toxicol Sci 2019; 167:211-226. [PMID: 30202865 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite gradual legislative efforts to phase out flame retardants (FRs) from the marketplace, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are still widely detected in human maternal and fetal tissues, eg, placenta, due to their continued global application in consumer goods and inherent biological persistence. Recent studies in rodents and human placental cell lines suggest that PBDEs directly cause placental toxicity. During pregnancy, trophoblasts play key roles in uterine invasion, vascular remodeling, and anchoring of the placenta-fetal unit to the mother. Thus, to study the potential consequences of PBDE exposures on human placental development, we used an in vitro model: primary villous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs). Following exposures, the endpoints that were evaluated included cytotoxicity, function (migration, invasion), the transcriptome, and the methylome. In a concentration-dependent manner, common PBDE congeners, BDE-47 and -99, significantly reduced cell viability and increased death. Upon exposures to sub-cytotoxic concentrations (≤ 5 µM), we observed BDE-47 accumulation in CTBs with limited evidence of metabolism. At a functional level, BDE-47 hindered the ability of CTBs to migrate and invade. Transcriptomic analyses of BDE-47 effects suggested concentration-dependent changes in gene expression, involving stress pathways, eg, inflammation and lipid/cholesterol metabolism as well as processes underlying trophoblast fate, eg, differentiation, migration, and vascular morphogenesis. In parallel assessments, BDE-47 induced low-level global increases in methylation of CpG islands, including a subset that were proximal to genes with roles in cell adhesion/migration. Thus, using a primary human CTB model, we showed that PBDEs induced alterations at cellular and molecular levels, which could adversely impact placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua F Robinson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Mirhan Kapidzic
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Emily G Hamilton
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Kenisha W Puckett
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Katherine Ona
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Emily Parry
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California 94710
| | - Yunzhu Wang
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California 94710
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California 94710
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Susan J Fisher
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
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Strakovsky RS, Schantz SL. Using Experimental Models to Assess Effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) and Phthalates on the Placenta: Challenges and Perspectives. Toxicol Sci 2019; 166:250-268. [PMID: 30203063 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is critical for all aspects of fetal development. Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates are endocrine disruptors with ubiquitous exposure in pregnant women-their effects on the placenta is an area of growing research interest. Therefore, our objectives were to (1) summarize research related to the effects BPA or phthalates on placental outcomes in animal and cell models, and (2) evaluate the challenges for using such models to study the impacts of these chemicals on placental endpoints. Overall, studies in cells and animal models suggest that BPA and phthalates impact placental hormones, some epigenetic endpoints, increase inflammation and oxidative stress, and decrease cell viability and nutrient transfer. However, few animal or cell studies have assessed these outcomes at concentrations relevant to humans. Furthermore, it is unclear whether effects of BPA/phthalates on the placenta in animal models mediate fetal outcomes, as most studies have dosed after the earliest stages of placental and fetal development. It is also unclear whether effects of these chemicals are sex-specific, as few studies have considered placental sex. Finally, while there is substantial evidence for effects of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (the major metabolite of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate), on placental endpoints in cells, little is currently known about effects of other phthalates to which pregnant women are exposed. Moving forward, these limitations will need to be addressed to help us understand the precise mechanisms of action of these chemicals within the placenta, and how these reported perturbations impact fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita S Strakovsky
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823
| | - Susan L Schantz
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2347 Beckman Institute, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Bisphenol A affects estradiol metabolism by targeting CYP1A1 and CYP19A1 in human placental JEG-3 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104615. [PMID: 31374317 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol, in some way or another, plays a critically important physiologic role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. This study was designed to investigate whether BPA affects the estradiol level of human placental JEG-3 cells, which may contribute to insights into the reproductive toxicity and endocrine disruption of BPA. The JEG-3 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of BPA (0.1 to 50 μM). We observed that BPA significantly reduced estradiol level of JEG-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was accompanied by an increase in CYP1A1 protein level and an inhibition of CYP19A1 protein level. Additionally, by lentiviral transduction, we determined that estradiol level of JEG-3 cells over-expressing CYP1A1 gene was notably decreased and the decrease was of 84.9% compared to the control. Meanwhile, estradiol was almost undetectable in CYP19A1 knockdown group. On the contrary, the group with over-expression of CYP19A1 gene increased estradiol level by 8.6 fold while the CYP1A1 knockdown group increased by 5.6 fold. In summary, our research clearly showed that BPA alters JEG-3 estradiol synthesis and catabolism due to its action on CYP1A1 and CYP19A1 protein levels and may interfere with the normal process of placenta formation and embryonic development during early pregnancy.
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Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with physiological adjustments in order to allow adequate growth and fetal development. In particular, steroids are necessary to maintain in balance numerous functions during gestation. Steroidogenesis in the maternal, placental and fetal compartments and the biological effects of progestins and estrogens that play a pivotal role before and during pregnancy are described. Although it is well-known that androgens are considered as substrate for estrogens biosynthesis, their biosynthesis and functionality in placental and other tissues have been questioned. As compared with healthy pregnancy, steroid hormones levels have been found altered in complicated pregnancies and hormonal treatments have been used is some pathologies. Therefore, the aim of this work was to review the biosynthesis, function and regulation of progestins, androgens and estrogens during gestation. Furthermore, steroid hormones concentrations during healthy and complicated pregnancy as well hormonal therapies for the prevention of miscarriages and preterm deliveries are discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Noyola-Martínez
- a Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , D.F. México , México
| | - Ali Halhali
- a Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , D.F. México , México
| | - David Barrera
- a Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , D.F. México , México
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Aker AM, Ferguson KK, Rosario ZY, Mukherjee B, Alshawabkeh AN, Calafat AM, Cordero JF, Meeker JD. A repeated measures study of phenol, paraben and Triclocarban urinary biomarkers and circulating maternal hormones during gestation in the Puerto Rico PROTECT cohort. Environ Health 2019; 18:28. [PMID: 30940137 PMCID: PMC6444601 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prenatal exposure to some phenols and parabens has been associated with adverse birth outcomes. Hormones may play an intermediate role between phenols and adverse outcomes. We examined the associations of phenol and paraben exposures with maternal reproductive and thyroid hormones in 602 pregnant women in Puerto Rico. Urinary triclocarban, phenol and paraben biomarkers, and serum hormones (estriol, progesterone, testosterone, sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)) were measured at two visits during pregnancy. METHODS Linear mixed models with a random intercept were constructed to examine the associations between hormones and urinary biomarkers. Results were additionally stratified by study visit. Results were transformed to hormone percent changes for an inter-quartile-range difference in exposure biomarker concentrations (%Δ). RESULTS Bisphenol-S was associated with a decrease in CRH [(%Δ -11.35; 95% CI: -18.71, - 3.33), and bisphenol-F was associated with an increase in FT4 (%Δ: 2.76; 95% CI: 0.29, 5.22). Butyl-, methyl- and propylparaben were associated with decreases in SHBG [(%Δ: -5.27; 95% CI: -9.4, - 1.14); (%Δ: -3.53; 95% CI: -7.37, 0.31); (%Δ: -3.74; 95% CI: -7.76, 0.27)]. Triclocarban was positively associated with T3 (%Δ: 4.08; 95% CI: 1.18, 6.98) and T3/T4 ratio (%Δ: 4.67; 95% CI: -1.37, 6.65), and suggestively negatively associated with TSH (%Δ: -10.12; 95% CI: -19.47, 0.32). There was evidence of susceptible windows of vulnerability for some associations. At 24-28 weeks gestation, there was a positive association between 2,4-dichlorophenol and CRH (%Δ: 9.66; 95% CI: 0.67, 19.45) and between triclosan and estriol (%Δ: 13.17; 95% CI: 2.34, 25.2); and a negative association between triclocarban and SHBG (%Δ: -9.71; 95% CI:-19.1, - 0.27) and between bisphenol A and testosterone (%Δ: -17.37; 95% CI: -26.7, - 6.87). CONCLUSION Phenols and parabens are associated with hormone levels during pregnancy. Further studies are required to substantiate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M. Aker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Room 1835 SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA
| | - Kelly K. Ferguson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Room 1835 SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA
- Epidemiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, USA
| | - Zaira Y. Rosario
- Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR USA
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | | | | | - José F. Cordero
- College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - John D. Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Room 1835 SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA
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Medwid S, Guan H, Yang K. Bisphenol A stimulates steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression via an unknown mechanism in adrenal cortical cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:2429-2438. [PMID: 30206973 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widespread endocrine disrupting chemicals in the environment. Exposure to BPA is known to be associated with disruption of steroidogenesis in reproductive tissues, but little is known about its effects on the adrenal gland. We previously showed that prenatal BPA exposure resulted in elevated plasma corticosterone levels concomitant with increased adrenal levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), the rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis, in adult female mouse offspring. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the BPA-induced StAR protein expression in the adrenal gland remain unknown. Therefore, the current study was designed to address this important question using the human cortical cell line, H295A cells, as an in vitro model system. We found that: (1) BPA increased StAR protein levels in a dose-dependent manner; (2) both estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)- and ERβ-specific agonists mimicked while the ER antagonist ICI abrogated the stimulatory effects of BPA on StAR protein levels; and (3) BPA did not alter StAR messenger RNA, 37kDa preprotein or protein half-life. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that BPA increases StAR protein levels through an unknown mechanism independent of StAR gene transcription, translation, and protein half-life. Furthermore, such effects are likely mediated by ERα and/or ERβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Medwid
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Physiology & Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute & Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haiyan Guan
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Physiology & Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute & Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaiping Yang
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Physiology & Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute & Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Basak S, Srinivas V, Duttaroy AK. Bisphenol-A impairs cellular function and alters DNA methylation of stress pathway genes in first trimester trophoblast cells. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 82:72-79. [PMID: 30352284 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to Bisphenol A (BPA) from the consumer products and plastic substances. However, impacts of low levels of BPA exposure on placental developmental processes such as first trimester trophoblast cell growth, angiogenesis and epigenetic modifications are not well studied. Low concentration of BPA (1 nM) affected cell proliferation of human placental first trimester trophoblasts using a model cell, HTR8/SVneo. BPA abolished both basal- and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated tube formation in these cells. BPA significantly down regulated mRNA expression of VEGF, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 with concomitant upregulation of 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 mRNA and protein expression in HTR8/SVneo cells. BPA also lowered CpG methylation of gene promoter associated with metabolic and oxidative stress. This study demonstrated that BPA at 1 nM not only affected cellular growth, development and angiogenic activities but also affected DNA methylation of stress response and down-regulation of angiogenic growth factors in first trimester trophoblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Medwid S, Guan H, Yang K. Bisphenol A stimulates adrenal cortical cell proliferation via ERβ-mediated activation of the sonic hedgehog signalling pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 178:254-262. [PMID: 29307715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) resulted in increased adrenal gland weight independent of changes in plasma ACTH levels in adult mouse offspring. This finding suggested that BPA exposure likely had a direct effect on adrenal development. Given that (1) sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is essential for adrenal development; (2) deletion of the Shh gene in mice results in adrenal hypoplasia; (3) BPA is known to signal through estrogen receptor β (ERβ); and (4) ERβ is highly expressed in adrenal glands; we hypothesized that BPA stimulates adrenal cell proliferation via ERβ-mediated activation of the Shh pathway. To test this hypothesis, the human adrenal cell line, H295A cells, was used as an in vitro model system. Our main findings were: (1) BPA increased cell number and protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA; a universal marker of cell proliferation), cyclin D1 and D2 (key proliferation factors), as well as Shh and its key transcriptional regulator Gli1; (2) cyclopamine, a Shh pathway inhibitor, blocked these stimulatory effects of BPA on cell proliferation; (3) BPA increased the nuclear translocation of ERβ; and (4) the ERβ-specific agonist DPN mimicked while the ERβ-specific antagonist PHTPP abrogated the stimulatory effects of BPA on cell proliferation and Shh signaling. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that BPA stimulates adrenal cell proliferation likely through ERβ-mediated activation of the Shh signaling pathway. Thus, the present study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying our previously reported BPA-induced aberrant adrenal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Medwid
- Children's Health Research Institute & Lawson Health Research Institute, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, 800 Commissioners Rd. E., N6C 2V5, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haiyan Guan
- Children's Health Research Institute & Lawson Health Research Institute, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, 800 Commissioners Rd. E., N6C 2V5, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaiping Yang
- Children's Health Research Institute & Lawson Health Research Institute, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, 800 Commissioners Rd. E., N6C 2V5, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Midic U, Goheen B, Vincent KA, VandeVoort CA, Latham KE. Changes in gene expression following long-term in vitro exposure of Macaca mulatta trophoblast stem cells to biologically relevant levels of endocrine disruptors. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 77:154-165. [PMID: 29505797 PMCID: PMC5898618 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are crucial for embryo implantation and placentation. Environmental toxicants that compromise TSC function could impact fetal viability, pregnancy, and progeny health. Understanding the effects of low, chronic EDC exposures on TSCs and pregnancy is a priority in developmental toxicology. Differences in early implantation between primates and other mammals make a nonhuman primate model ideal. We examined effects of chronic low-level exposure to atrazine, tributyltin, bisphenol A, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and perfluorooctanoic acid on rhesus monkey TSCs in vitro by RNA sequencing. Pathway analysis of affected genes revealed negative effects on cytokine signaling related to anti-viral response, most strongly for atrazine and tributyltin, but shared with the other three EDCs. Other affected processes included metabolism, DNA repair, and cell migration. Low-level chronic exposure of primate TSCs to EDCs may thus compromise trophoblast development in vivo, inhibit responses to infection, and negatively affect embryo implantation and pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uros Midic
- Department of Animal Science, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Benjamin Goheen
- Department of Animal Science, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Kailey A Vincent
- Department of Animal Science, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Catherine A VandeVoort
- California National Primate Research Center and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Keith E Latham
- Department of Animal Science, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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hCG and Its Disruption by Environmental Contaminants during Human Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030914. [PMID: 29558393 PMCID: PMC5877775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone of considerable importance in the establishment, promotion and maintenance of human pregnancy. It has been clearly demonstrated that hCG exerts multiple endocrine, paracrine and autocrine actions on a variety of gestational and non-gestational cells and tissues. These actions are directed to promote trophoblast invasiveness and differentiation, placental growth, angiogenesis in uterine vasculature, hormone production, modulation of the immune system at the maternal-fetal interface, inhibition of myometrial contractility as well as fetal growth and differentiation. In recent years, considerable interest has been raised towards the biological effects of environmental contaminants, particularly endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Emerging evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to selected EDCs can have a deleterious impact on the fetus and long-lasting consequences also in adult life. The results of the in vitro effects of commonly found EDCs, particularly Bisphenol A (BPA) and para-Nonylphenol (p-NP), indicate that these substances can alter hCG production and through this action could exert their fetal damage, suggesting that hCG could represent and become a potentially useful clinical biomarker of an inappropriate prenatal exposure to these substances.
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Gestational bisphenol S impairs placental endocrine function and the fusogenic trophoblast signaling pathway. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1861-1876. [PMID: 29550860 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to bisphenolic chemicals during pregnancy occurs in > 90% of pregnancies. Bisphenolic compounds can cross the placental barrier reaching fetal circulation. However, the effects of emerging bisphenolic compounds, such as bisphenol S (BPS), on placental function remain untested. The aim was to determine if bisphenol A (BPA) or BPS, at an environmentally relevant dose, impairs placental function. Pregnant sheep were randomly distributed into three treatment groups (n = 7-8/group): control, BPA, and BPS. All animals received daily injections of corn oil (control), BPA, or BPS (0.5 mg/kg; s.c.; internal fetal doses were ~ 2.6 ng/mL unconjugated BPA and ~ 7.7 ng/mL of BPS) from gestational day 30-100. After a 20-day washout period, placentas were weighed and placentomes collected. Placental endocrine function was assessed on biweekly maternal blood samples. Gestational exposure to BPS, but not BPA, reduced maternal circulating pregnancy-associated glycoproteins without change in placental weight or placental stereology. BPS-exposed placentas had 50% lower e-cadherin protein expression, ~ 20% fewer binucleate cells, and ~ threefold higher glial cell missing-1 protein expression. BPA placentas were not affected highlighting the intrinsic differences among bisphenolic chemicals. This is the first study to demonstrate that gestational BPS can result in placental endocrine dysfunction and points to a dysregulation in the fusogenic trophoblast signaling pathway.
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Tomza-Marciniak A, Stępkowska P, Kuba J, Pilarczyk B. Effect of bisphenol A on reproductive processes: A review of in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:51-80. [PMID: 28608465 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As bisphenol A (BPA) is characterized by a pronounced influence on human hormonal regulation, particular attention has been aimed at understanding its role in reproductive processes in males and females, as well as on fetal development. Owing to the increasing number of alarming reports on the negative consequences of the presence of BPA in human surroundings, more and more studies are being undertaken to clarify the negative effects of BPA on human reproductive processes. The aim of this work was to collect and summarize data on the influence of BPA exposure on reproductive health. Based on an analysis of selected publications it was stated that there is strong proof confirming that BPA is an ovarian, uterine and prostate toxicant at a level below the lowest observed adverse effect level (50 mg kg-1 bodyweight) as well as a level below the proposed safe level (4 μg kg-1 bodyweight). It seems there is also reliable evidence in relation to the negative effect of BPA on sperm quality and motility. Limited evidence also pertains to the case of the potential of BPA to affect polycystic ovary syndrome occurrence. Although in epidemiological studies this disease was common, in studies on animal models such results were still not confirmed. No unambiguous results of epidemiological studies and with animal models were obtained in relation to the evaluation of associations between BPA and implantation failure in women, evaluation of associations between BPA and sexual dysfunction in men, and impact of BPA on birth rate, birth weight and length of gestation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Tomza-Marciniak
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 29, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paulina Stępkowska
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 29, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kuba
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 29, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogumiła Pilarczyk
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 29, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland
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Lan X, Fu LJ, Zhang J, Liu XQ, Zhang HJ, Zhang X, Ma MF, Chen XM, He JL, Li LB, Wang YX, Ding YB. Bisphenol A exposure promotes HTR-8/SVneo cell migration and impairs mouse placentation involving upregulation of integrin-β1 and MMP-9 and stimulation of MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51507-51521. [PMID: 28881663 PMCID: PMC5584264 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, on the migration of human trophoblasts and mouse placentation by using the primary extravillous trophoblast (EVT) and its cell line HTR-8/SVneo, villous explant cultures, and pregnant mice. BPA increased EVT motility and the outgrowth of villous explants in a dose-dependent manner. BPA also increased the protein levels of integrin-β1 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in human EVTs. Low-dose BPA (≤50 mg) increased the protein levels of MMP-9 and MMP-2 as well as integrin-β1 and integrin-α5 in mouse placenta and decreased the proportion of the labyrinth and spongiotrophoblast layers. Inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) U0126 and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3K) LY294002 reversed the protein levels of integrin-β1 and MMP-9 as well as the migratory ability induced by BPA. In conclusion, these results indicated that BPA can enhance trophoblast migration and impair placentation in mice by a mechanism involving upregulation of integrin(s) and MMP(s) as well as the stimulation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt (protein kinase B) signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lan
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Li-Juan Fu
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Center of Molecular Diagnostic Medicine, Life Science Institute, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Qing Liu
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Jie Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Fu Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, 401147, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Lin He
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Bing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, 401147, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
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Dimorphic placental stress: A repercussion of interaction between endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and fetal sex. Med Hypotheses 2017; 99:73-75. [PMID: 28110704 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Placental homeostasis is critical for fetal development as it determines the health of mother and fetus during pregnancy and in later life. Interestingly even the fetus, in a sexually dimorphic manner, influences the pedantic growth and development of placenta. Although placenta is thought to act as a protective barrier against chemical exposures, certain endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that are circulating in mother's blood tend to cross placenta. These EDCs have been reported to cause changes in expression levels of certain genes, immunogenic factors and non-coding RNAs such as micro RNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) leading to placental stress. We hypothesize that these changes in placenta occur in a sexually dimorphic manner as a result of interaction between EDC exposure and fetal sex. Therefore, we propose that the ability of placenta to respond and buffer EDC exposure depends on fetal sex and, hence the EDC associated disease susceptibility of one sex differs from the other.
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Usman A, Ahmad M. From BPA to its analogues: Is it a safe journey? CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 158:131-42. [PMID: 27262103 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is one of the most abundant synthetic chemicals in the world due to its uses in plastics. Its widespread exposure vis-a-vis low dose effects led to a reduction in its safety dose and imposition of ban on its use in infant feeding bottles. This restriction paved the way for the gradual market entry of its analogues. However, their structural similarity to BPA has put them under surveillance for endocrine disrupting potential. The application of these analogues is increasing and so are the studies reporting their toxicity. This review highlights the reasons which led to the ban of BPA and also reports the exposure and toxicological data available on its analogues. Hence, this compilation is expected to answer in a better way whether the replacement of BPA by these analogues is safer or more harmful?
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Affiliation(s)
- Afia Usman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Masood Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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Hijazi A, Guan H, Yang K. Bisphenol A suppresses glucocorticoid target gene (ENaCγ) expression via a novel ERβ/NF-κB/GR signalling pathway in lung epithelial cells. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1727-1737. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Cernea M, Tang W, Guan H, Yang K. Wisp1 mediates Bmp3-stimulated mesenchymal stem cell proliferation. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 56:39-46. [PMID: 26489765 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue expansion, resulting from adipocyte hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy, is a hallmark of obesity. Adipocytes are derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through adipogenesis, a process involving three key steps: proliferation, commitment and differentiation. Although studies have elaborated on the mechanisms regulating adipocyte commitment and differentiation, the factors that control MSC proliferation remain largely unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein 3 (Bmp3), the expression of which was upregulated in our rat model of hyperplasic visceral adiposity, potently stimulated MSC proliferation. In the present study, we investigate the molecular target of Bmp3. We conducted DNA microarray analysis on MSCs treated with and without Bmp3 and identified WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (Wisp1) as a differentially expressed gene, whose expression was upregulated 3.7-fold by Bmp3. Wisp1 is a proliferative agent in various non-adipose cell types and is implicated in adipogenesis. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that Wisp1 mediates Bmp3 stimulation of MSC proliferation. We showed that Bmp3 increased the expression of Wisp1 as early as 3 h following Bmp3 treatment in MSCs. Importantly, the upregulated Wisp1 expression preceded Bmp3-induced MSC proliferation, as determined by [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation. Furthermore, treatment of MSCs with recombinant Wisp1 led to a concentration-dependent increase in [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation with a maximal increase of 300%. In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Wisp1 expression attenuated Bmp3-induced MSC proliferation. Taken together, our present findings reveal Wisp1 as a novel target of Bmp3 and suggest that the Bmp3/Wisp1 signaling pathway play a key role in MSC proliferation, and consequently adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cernea
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecologyand Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, Room A5-132, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario, Canada, N6C 2V5
| | - Wei Tang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecologyand Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, Room A5-132, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario, Canada, N6C 2V5
| | - Haiyan Guan
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecologyand Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, Room A5-132, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario, Canada, N6C 2V5
| | - Kaiping Yang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecologyand Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, Room A5-132, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario, Canada, N6C 2V5
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VITKU J, SOSVOROVA L, CHLUPACOVA T, HAMPL R, HILL M, SOBOTKA V, HERACEK J, BICIKOVA M, STARKA L. Differences in Bisphenol A and Estrogen Levels in the Plasma and Seminal Plasma of Men With Different Degrees of Infertility. Physiol Res 2015; 64:S303-11. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The general population is potentially exposed to many chemicals that can affect the endocrine system. These substances are called endocrine disruptors (EDs), and among them bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widely used and well studied. Nonetheless, there are still no data on simultaneous measurements of various EDs along with steroids directly in the seminal fluid, where deleterious effects of EDs on spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis are assumed. We determined levels of BPA and 3 estrogens using LC-MS/MS in the plasma and seminal plasma of 174 men with different degrees of infertility. These men were divided according their spermiogram values into 4 groups: (1) healthy men, and (2) slightly, (3) moderate, and (4) severely infertile men. Estradiol levels differed across the groups and body fluids. Slightly infertile men have significantly higher BPA plasma and seminal plasma levels in comparison with healthy men (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Furthermore, seminal BPA, but not plasma BPA, was negatively associated with sperm concentration and total sperm count (–0.27; p<0.001 and –0.24; p<0.01, respectively). These findings point to the importance of seminal plasma in BPA research. Overall, a disruption of estrogen metabolism was observed together with a weak but significant impact of BPA on sperm count and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. VITKU
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
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